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LEARNING THEORIES OPERANT CONDITIONING

LEARNING THEORIES OPERANT CONDITIONING. How do you Respond? Pick a card. On your card you have a statement. I would like you to write down the following:

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LEARNING THEORIES

OPERANT CONDITIONING

How do you Respond?

Pick a card. On your card you have a statement.

I would like you to write down the following:

What are you most likely to do in this situation

What are you least likely to do in this situation

WE ARE LEARNING TO...

Understand the theory of operant conditioning

Understand the differences between positive and negative reinforcement and punishment

Understand the drawbacks of operant conditioning

Learning is defined as a permanent or semi-permanent change in behaviour or changed

behaviour that remains stable over time

Example: A Child learning to ride a Bicycle

Operant ConditioningManipulating behaviour to shape the correct response

through the use of reinforcement

• Relies upon the connection between a stimulus and a response

• Also known as a S-R Theory

• This theory states we are conditioned to give a particular response to a particular stimulus

• The likelihood of the response is dependant upon the strength of the bond between the stimulus and the response

Based on the formation and strengthening of learning bonds

Operant Conditioning Video

The connection between the stimulus and response is due to a form of conditioning which is like training, which makes a certain behaviour into a habit.

This habit is ingrained and learned which becomes part of a persons automatic response to a stimulus

Relay running – shout hand (stimulus) hand out and take baton (response)

Goalkeeper – Instant reaction to a penalty takers strike depending on the takers body positioning and stance

CAN YOU THINK OF ANY MORE EXAMPLES?

POSITIVE

The presentation of approval

Increases the probability of behaviour reoccurring

“well done” after a successful shot in tennis

NEGATIVE

The withdrawal of a stimulus

Increases the probability of behaviour reoccurring

Teacher who constantly shouts, suddenly stops

It is very important to not confuse negative reinforcement with negative feedback or punishment

These are given to try and reduce the occurrence of a negative behaviour

Punishment

Seeks to break the S-R Bond because the

wrong response is given to the

stimulus

Intrinsic/Extrinsic Motivation

When structuring practice sessions we need to:

Make the practice environment as similar to game conditions as possible

Shape/encourage the desired behaviour: A high serve will encourage a smash shot

Allow Trial & Error

Apply reinforcement

• Trial and error learning may lead to the wrong technique. This may require unlearning and waste time

• The learner may not know how to react when the stimulus is slightly different from those already experienced. Due to lack of understanding they may not know which response to use

• Beginners do not react well to negative reinforcement and the use of punishment does not seem appropriate in a skill learning situation

• Describe the operant conditioning theory and give an example of how you would use operant conditioning methods in the coaching of a game such as basketball (3 marks)

• A coach ‘reinforces’ good performances in training with praise. Why does this reinforcement work rather than punishing poor performances? Explain what you understand by reinforcement and punishment in this situation (5 marks)

Can/Do you....

Understand the theory of operant conditioning

Understand the differences between positive and negative reinforcement and punishment

Understand the drawbacks of operant conditioning