Learning Targets

• I Can…Analyze reasons for the mistreatment of Native Americans

• I Can…. Identify racism and reasons for prejudice and discrimination.

• I Can…. Summarize the conflicts between Americans and Native Americans as a result of the need for land.

Jackson’s Native-American Policy

• Yesterday You Learned: Jackson’s election in 1828 opened up a new era of popular democracy.

• Today You will Learn: Native Americans were forced to move west of the Mississippi River under Jackson’s Native American Policy

Native Americans Forced West

• What should be done with the Native Americans?

• Southeast Tribes: Should they Assimilate or Move?

• * Whites thought of Native Americans as “uncivilized” or “savages”

East of the Mississippi

• By the 1820s 100,000 Native Americans lived East of the Mississippi River, most of them in the Southeast

• Whites called them the “Five Civilized Tribes” because they had adopted many aspects of white culture. They are the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole.

• Sequoya= Cherokee Alphabet• Cherokee Newspaper• Attended Missionary Schools• 1827 Cherokee Constitution based on the U.S.’s

Jackson’s Removal Policy• Supported moving Native Americans west

of Mississippi

• Gave Native Americans two Choices:• Assimilate & become U.S. citizens• Move West

• Couldn’t have own government within U.S. borders

Gold

• 1828 Gold was discovered on Cherokee land in Georgia

• Georgia and other Southern states passed laws that they had the right to take over Native American’s land

Submit or Move!!!

• Indian Removal Act of 1830:

• The act called for the U.S. to negotiate treaties to require Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi

• Strong Opposition: Quakers & Congressman Edward Everett from Massachusetts (pictured right)

• “inevitable suffering” would be “incalculable”

Indian Territory

• Treaties negotiated to exchange current lands for land in OK, KS,& NE

• 1831: Choctaw & other tribes move west

• Cherokee appeal to Supreme Court

• 1832 Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice Marshall, ruled GA law didn’t apply to the Cherokee

• Jackson said, “…let him enforce it!”

Trail of Tears

• Forced removal & march in 1838 by federal troops of 16,000 Cherokee west of the Mississippi

• Gen Winfield Scott leads them

• ¼ die along the way

The Indian Removal Act

Indian Resistance

• 1838 Cherokee, Tsali, struggled to escape with his family & 2 U.S. soldiers die

• U.S. govt. agreed to allow other Cherokee to stay if Tsali and his sons came in.

• Surrendered & all were executed except his youngest son

Seminoles of Florida

• 1835 Seminoles refused to leave, “Second Seminole War”

• Leader Osceola, hid in the Everglades, surprise tactics on U.S. Army

• 1837 Osceola was tricked and captured, died in prison

• Some moved deeper into the Everglades and live there today

Northern Tribes Resist

• Sauk Chief, Black Hawk, led Sauk and Fox back to their lands in IL

• Black Hawk War- U.S. Army crushes the uprising (Lincoln part of the forces.)

Northern Tribes Resist: Black Hawk

Learning Target Assessment

1) Name two of the “Five Civilized Tribes.”

2) The discovery of what item in Georgia motivated whites to force Native Americans from their homes?

3) What was the name of the Act that forced Native Americans from their land?

4) When the Cherokee refused to go, they were forced to move on what become known as the ________ ____ ________.

5) This Sauk chief returned to his native land when he discovered whites digging up his ancestors burial ground, causing a war.

Answers

1) Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole

2) Gold

3) Indian Removal Act

4) Trail of Tears

5) Black Hawk