Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Learning Targets“I Can…”
-Explain why biologists use scientific names rather than common names.
-Name the classification system created by Linnaeus.
-Give a brief history of classification.
-Identify the two classification groups that correspond to the two-part scientific name.
-Correctly write/type a species’ name.
-Name the 6 kingdoms of life and 3 domains of life that most scientists recognize and give the general characteristics of each.
Why classify?
1. How many species are there?
•At least 2½ million . . . And many, many more!•New species are being discovered all of the time •There are places on Earth humans have not been able to count the species
“We need an expedition to planet Earth, where probably fewer than 10 percent of the life
forms are known to science, and fewer than 1 percent of those have been studied beyond a
simple anatomical description…”
E. O. Wilson 2006 “The Creation”
Why Classify?
2. To successfully organize these species, we must place them into manageable sized groups
Why classify?
3. All biological classification systems. . .
a. Give a universally accepted name to each organism
b. Place organisms with similar characteristics into the same
groups
Why classify?
4. Organisms are classified by binomial nomenclature
a. Developed by Swedish botanist, Carolus Linnaeus
b. Each species is assigned a two-part name
c. Scientific names of organisms are generally written in Latin, typed in italics, or written and underlined
• Zea mays• Acer rubrum• Homo sapiens
Why classify?
5. Taxonomy is the science of assigning scientific names
a. Allows organisms to be universally identifiedb. How do scientists know which
organisms are classified and named together?
By their biologically important traits!
How do we classify?
1. Each classification group becomes more specific and as the groups become more specific, there are a fewer number of organisms in that group
How do we classify?
• MOST GENERAL = Domain• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• MOST SPECIFIC = Species
Scientists recognize three DOMAINS of life
1. Domain Bacteria: Unicellular organisms without a nucleus (prokaryotic), can be free-living or parasites
2. Domain Archaea: Unicellular organisms without a nucleus (prokaryotic), live in areas without a lot of oxygen
3. Domain Eukarya: All organisms with a nucleus (eukaryotic)
Three Domains of Life
Scientists generally recognize six kingdoms of life
1. Kingdom EubacteriaCharacteristics: Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, usually asexual, bacteria with peptidoglycan cell walls
Scientists generally recognize six kingdoms of life
2. Kingdom ArchaebacteriaCharacteristics: Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, usually asexual, bacteria that live in harsh, extreme conditions
Scientists generally recognize six kingdoms of life
3. Kingdom ProtistaCharacteristics: single-celled organisms WITH a nucleus, some are photosynthetic, examples are amoebas, paramecium, algae
Scientists generally recognize six kingdoms of life
4. Kingdom FungiCharacteristics: multicellular organisms, heterotrophic, examples include mushrooms, yeast, ringworm, athlete’s foot
Scientists generally recognize six kingdoms of life
5. Kingdom PlantaeCharacteristics: multicellular organisms, perform photosynthesis, includes, flowers, trees, and grasses
Scientists generally recognize six kingdoms of life
6. Kingdom AnimaliaCharacteristics: multicellular, heterotrophic, usually motile and sensory, examples include invertebrates and vertebrates, also humans
References• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.freewheelings.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/
CDVAerialSurveyJan2010-073B.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.freewheelings.com/biogas-digestors-science-behind/&usg=__-CTJ2hcS00b8BcKWC-B7qW0iT9E=&h=680&w=1024&sz=380&hl=en&start=31&zoom=1&tbnid=2L9uCH4KXrWXCM:&tbnh=114&tbnw=165&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmethanogens%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7HPNN_en%26biw%3D1003%26bih%3D537%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C691&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=112&vpy=256&dur=109&hovh=183&hovw=276&tx=202&ty=74&ei=w6CYTMLbJs_YngebyOWHDw&oei=bKCYTMTgN9GUnQe4jPj9Dg&esq=3&page=3&ndsp=16&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:31&biw=1003&bih=537
• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Arkea.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bb.nightskylive.net/asterisk/viewtopic.php%3Ff%3D9%26t%3D15245&usg=__rcYG6_6Zw8G0KQkObprN-7Fh9Os=&h=372&w=340&sz=42&hl=en&start=16&zoom=1&tbnid=zpDgPwbzx0XuGM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmethanogens%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7HPNN_en%26biw%3D1003%26bih%3D537%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C423&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=290&vpy=86&dur=94&hovh=235&hovw=215&tx=105&ty=116&ei=pending&oei=bKCYTMTgN9GUnQe4jPj9Dg&esq=2&page=2&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:16&biw=1003&bih=537
• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://serc.carleton.edu/images/microbelife/extreme/hypersaline/Halophiles_2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/extreme/hypersaline/index.html&usg=__GRmJH66hlvhJgGbjxDLYXBx3kYg=&h=170&w=250&sz=23&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=_y0ls7s1FEd07M:&tbnh=123&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhalophiles%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7HPNN_en%26biw%3D1003%26bih%3D537%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=307&vpy=99&dur=172&hovh=136&hovw=200&tx=100&ty=86&ei=oaGYTJetCsb9nAfQzYCnDw&oei=oaGYTJetCsb9nAfQzYCnDw&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0
