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Learning Target : Evidence of Evolution. I Can … Describe reasons that provide evidence that evolution occurred throughout the past I Will … Explain and give examples of evolutionary evidence from: Fossil record Biogeography Embryology Anatomy Homologous structures Analogous structures - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Learning Target:Evidence of EvolutionI Can… Describe reasons that provide evidence that evolution occurred throughout the past I Will…• Explain and give examples of
evolutionary evidence from:• Fossil record• Biogeography• Embryology• Anatomy• Homologous structures• Analogous structures• Vestigial structures
Evidence of Evolution: Natural SelectionNatural Selection – Mechanism of how evolution (genetic change over time of a population) happens.• Genetic variation• Selective pressure• Environment• Adaptation (advantage for survival and/or
reproduction)
Right before our eyes • Dog breeds• Antibiotic resistant bacteria• Peppered mothsBut, life has been around for a very long time
Evidence of Evolution: Fossil Record Fossil – traces of organisms that existed in the past mineralized over time “Rock snapshot of organisms in the past”Fossil records shows:• Types of organisms • Structure of the organism• Location, ecosystem they lived in• Age (when they lived)• Rock layers• Deeper = older• Radioisotope dating of surroundings
• Organisms that have become extinct• Changes in populations over time
Evidence of Evolution: Geography
Biogeography – study of the distribution of organism around the world• Organisms from different areas show
similarities• Past migration from common population• New ecosystems exert selective pressure• Adaptations over time• Geography can isolate groups• Prevents mating between separated
groups• Galapagos Finches
Evidence of Evolution: Geography
Galapagos Finches:
Evidence of Evolution: Embryology Embryology – Comparative anatomy study of embryo stage of development in organisms• Different looking adults can have very
similar embryo stage • Fish, birds, reptiles, mammals• All have gill slits in embryo stage• Develops into throat and ear structures
in mammals• Strong evidence of common ancestor
Evidence of Evolution: Embryology
Evidence of Evolution: AnatomyAnatomy – study of structure• Homologous structures • Similar structures with different
function• Result of selective pressure• Strong evidence of common ancestor
Evidence of Evolution: Anatomy Homologous
Common Tetrapod Ancestor
Evidence of Evolution: Anatomy Analogous
Analogous structures –• Different structures with similar function• Selective pressure, such as need for flight,
forced similar traits in different organisms
Evidence of Evolution: Anatomy Analogous
Homologous structures
Analogous structures
Evidence of Evolution: Anatomy VestigialVestigial structures –• Remnants of organs or structures that had
a function in an ancestor, but no longer function in present day descendants
• Very strong evidence for evolution and change over time as selective pressures change
Evidence of Evolution: Anatomy Vestigial
Snakes – Also had a common tetrapod ancestor