Learning StylesP. 59 (How languages are learned)p. 119-129 (Principles of language

learning

Defining Learning Styles

• Each individual’s preferred way of processing and retaining new information. (p.59)• General characteristics and

preferences of intellectual functions that are different from one person to another. (p.119)

Types of Styles

COGNITIVE STYLES

FIELD INDEPENDANT • Ability to observe parts and

details from a whole. • Personality: independent/

confident

• SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING: successful learning through class

exercises, activities

FIELD DEPENDENT• Ability to observe the whole

picture and general ideas.• Personality: social/

sympathetic

• SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING: successful

learning through communication.

THE BRAIN p.125

• LEFT BRAIN DOMINANCE• Logical, analytic,

mathematical processing.

• FIELD INDEPENDENT• Deductive teaching in the

classroom. • Old teaching methods failed because they relied on left-brain processes.

• RIGHT BRAIN DOMINANCE• Visual, images, holistic,

emotional information.

• FIELD DEPENDENT• Inductive teaching.

PERCEPTUAL STYLES p.129

• VISUAL: leaners prefer reading charts, drawings, graphics.• AUDITORY: Prefer listening to

lectures and audio studying. • KENISTHETIC: Learners prefer to act,

demonstrate, physical activity, movement.

HOW DOES RESEARCH ON STYLES GUIDE TEACHERS?

1. Teachers should help student become aware of their learning styles (by using questionnaires, informing)

2. Encourage students to expand their style preference and try other styles.

3. Help students take charge of their own learning and know their strengths (Autonomy)

4. Eventually leading students to take appropriate actions in their language learning challenges.

5. Teachers must know that a single method or book will never suit the needs of all learners. Thus the need to vary methods.