LEARNING STANDARD VOCABULARY

QUARTER 1ENGLISH 234/235

Mr. Sanders

TEST = 10/21/15

19 wordsSome you already know…

DAY 1

CITE

– PART OF SPEECH• Verb– DEFINITION

• To quote (a passage, book, author, etc), especially as an authority– EXAMPLE

• -He cited the Constitution in his defense.• -I will cite the author Sanders in my paper

about English and public speaking.

CITATION– PART OF SPEECH

• Noun– DEFINITION

• A quotation (direct or paraphrased) taken from a reference to a book, paper, or author, especially in a scholarly work– EXAMPLE

• -There were dozens of citations from the work of Shakespeare in his paper.

• -I used multiple citations in my speech from Sanders’ book Effective Public Speaking.

DYNAMIC CHARACTER– PART OF SPEECH

• Noun– DEFINITION

• A character that changes throughout the course of a story as a result of the conflicts they encounter on their journey.– EXAMPLE

• http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-dynamic-character-definition-examples.html

• Ebenezer Scrooge (Miserable…. Generous)• Harry Potter (Regular Kid…. Wizard)

ROUND CHARACTER– PART OF SPEECH

• Noun– DEFINITION

• Complex and undergo develop, sometimes sufficiently to surprise the reader. Capable of change. Can be dynamic.

• Contradictory traits– EXAMPLE

• Susie – never cuts anyone a break. She is against charity and

compassion for others. However, she can never pass up a chance to feed animals in the park or be helpful to pets.

FOIL CHARACTER– PART OF SPEECH

• Noun– DEFINITION

• A character with qualities that are in contrast with another character. The point is to highlight the traits of another character.– EXAMPLE

• Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde• The Mask – Jim Carrey• The Hulk

– …Similar to ROUND CHARACTER

STATIC CHARACTER– PART OF SPEECH

• Noun– DEFINITION

• -Opposite of dynamic characters; these characters do not change

• -Events in the story do NOT alter the character’s outlook, personality, motivation, perception, or habits.– EXAMPLE: Scar - Lion King

• http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-static-character-definition-examples.html

FLAT CHARACTER (VERY similar to static)

– PART OF SPEECH• Noun– DEFINITION

• Two-dimensional in that they are relatively non-complicated and do NOT change throughout the course of a work. One maybe two personality traits.– EXAMPLE

• Wolf Pack is always tired and grumpy and behaving in anti-semetic ways.

DIRECT CHARACTERIZATION

– PART OF SPEECH• Noun– DEFINITION

• The process by which the personality of a fictitious character is revealed by the use of descriptive adjectives or phrases.– EXAMPLE

• The man, Joe Smith, was tall and stern looking.

INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION

– PART OF SPEECH• Noun– DEFINITION

• The process by which the personality of a fictitious character is revealed through the character's speech, actions, appearance, etc.– EXAMPLE

• “I can’t believe I hit my head walking in the door frame!” Joe exclaimed.

EUPHEMISM– PART OF SPEECH

• Noun– DEFINITION

• A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing– EXAMPLE

• “Pass away” instead of “Die”• “Few extra pounds” instead of “Fat”• “Being laid off” instead of “Fired”

– SYNONYM• Polite term, substitute, alternative phrasing

DAY 2

OXYMORON

– PART OF SPEECH

• Noun– DEFINITION

• A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction – EXAMPLE

• Jumbo shrimp; Great Depression; Pretty Ugly; Living Dead, Clearly misunderstood, Small crowd, original copy, known secret, dark light

JARGON– PART OF SPEECH

• Noun– DEFINITION

• Special words or expressions that are used by particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.– EXAMPLE

• BTW = By the way; CYA = See you around; TTYL = Talk to you later– SYNONYM

• Slang, idiom

CUMULATIVE

– PART OF SPEECH

• Adjective– DEFINITION

• Increasing or growing by successive additions– EXAMPLE

• The points in this class are not cumulative because we are on a 70% Summative and 30% Formative system.

TONE

– DEFINITION

• Author’s attitude (Ex: formal, informal, playful, serious, etc)– EXAMPLE

• Dr. Seuss used a playful tone in his book.

FORMAL TONE

– DEFINITION

• The writer is serious about the word choice and particular to the use of language– EXAMPLE

• -Research papers; avoids slang; complex sentences; fully supporting arguments

• -Writing to the school board or elected official

INFORMAL TONE

– DEFINITION

• Simple and colloquial (similar to spoken conversation)– EXAMPLE

• -Writer may use slang, jargon, and abbreviations

• -Writing to your friends or BAE

EMERGE

– PART OF SPEECH

• Verb– DEFINITION

• To become known of apparent– EXAMPLE

• The theme became clear and emerged in the 2nd half of the novel.

RHETORIC– PART OF SPEECH

• Noun– DEFINITION

• Language that is intended to influence and persuade people. Effective writing and/or speaking. Helps convince readers/listeners of their point-of-view.– EXAMPLE

• “I would die if you asked me to sing in front of class!” – Use of hyperbole to persuade others not to use force to do something you don’t want to do.

• Ex: Shampoo commercial, a model says, “I can’t stop touching my hair!” This is to entice the viewer through visual and spoken rhetoric to have soft, shiny hair like her.

INTENDEND AUDIENCE– PART OF SPEECH

• Noun– DEFINITION

• Who the author thinks will be the people reading or listening to them– EXAMPLE

• Local Newspaper SJR = Intended Audience – People in Springfield, IL• Won’t be everyone in Springfield, IL but most• Won’t limit themselves to words a 5 year old would know• FOX News = Intended Audience - Republican &

Conservative• MSNBC News = Intended Audience - Democratic & Liberal