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LEARNING
Simple form of
learning in which
one stimulus calls
forth the response
that usually is
brought on by
another stimulus.
The two stimuli have
been associated with
each other.
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Stimulus-
something that
produces a reaction
Response-
reaction that is
produced.
Unconditioned
stimulus- stimulus
that causes a
response that is
automatic not
learned (food)
Unconditioned
response- automatic
response (saliva)
Conditioned response-
learned response to a
stimulus that was
neutral (salivation to
bell)
Conditioned stimulus-
a learned stimulus (bell)
Taste aversion-
learned avoidance of
particular food
extinction- CS no
longer followed by an
US loses its ability to
bring about a CR
ADAPTING TO ENVIRONMENTSpontaneous recovery-
an extinguished
response revived
Generalization-
responding to similar
stimuli
Discrimination-
responding differently to
different stimuli
Flooding- person
exposed to the
harmless stimulus
until fear response are
extinguished
Systemic
desensitization- bring
about relaxation
APPLICATION OF CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING
Counterconditionin
g- pleasant stimulus
is paired with fearful
one to counteract
People learn from
the consequences of
their actions. They
learn to engage in
behavior that results
in desired
consequences.
OPERANT CONDITIONING
Reinforcement-
is the process by
which a stimulus
increases the
chance that a
behavior will occur
again.
Positive Reinforcers-
a behavior is
reinforced because a
person receives
something they want
following the behavior
Negative Reinforcers-
a behavior is reinforced
because something
unwanted stops
happening or is removed
following the behavior.
Shaping- a way
of teaching
complex behavior
by reinforcing
small steps in the
right direction.
APPLICATIONS OF OPERANT CONDITIONING
Latent
learning-
learning that
remains hidden
until needed.
Observational
learning- acquire
knowledge and
skills by imitating
others.
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