Region Center IIIContinuous Improvement and

Professional Developmentpresents

Continuous Improvement Process (CIM)

& Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA)

Part I: The Brazosport Journey – Process Overview

Region Center IIIContinuous Improvement and

Professional Developmentpresents

Continuous Improvement Process (CIM)

& Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA)

Part I: The Brazosport Journey – Process Overview

Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

The participants will: Increase their level of awareness

with regard to the CIM/PDSA Model Identify various district resources available to schools in support of implementing the CIM/PDSA Model

The participants will: Increase their level of awareness

with regard to the CIM/PDSA Model Identify various district resources available to schools in support of implementing the CIM/PDSA Model

What is the 8 Step Instructional Process?

What is the 8 Step Instructional Process?

A continuous improvement teaching and

learning cycle.

A continuous improvement teaching and

learning cycle.

8-STEP CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT MODEL8-STEP CONTINUOUS

IMPROVEMENT MODEL

Disaggregate Test DataDevelop an Instructional TimelineDeliver the InstructionAdminister Frequent AssessmentsTutorialsEnrichment OpportunitiesMaintenanceMonitor

Disaggregate Test DataDevelop an Instructional TimelineDeliver the InstructionAdminister Frequent AssessmentsTutorialsEnrichment OpportunitiesMaintenanceMonitor

USE OF THE 8-STEP PROCESS ALONE DOES NOT GUARANTEE

SUCCESS

USE OF THE 8-STEP PROCESS ALONE DOES NOT GUARANTEE

SUCCESS

Need teachers who believe all students can succeed

Proven teaching strategiesA no-nonsense supportive

classroom communityHard work by both teacher and

studentTeamwork- Communication

Need teachers who believe all students can succeed

Proven teaching strategiesA no-nonsense supportive

classroom communityHard work by both teacher and

studentTeamwork- Communication

BENEFITS OF THE 8-STEP INSTRUCTIONAL PROCESSBENEFITS OF THE 8-STEP INSTRUCTIONAL PROCESS

Applicable and adaptable to any curriculum, subject-area, grade level or student group.

Promotes a culture of excellence where teachers can teach and students will learn.

Removes subjectivity and specifically identifies individual students according to data.

Ensures that all state standards are taught before the test.

Neutralizes the blame game.

Applicable and adaptable to any curriculum, subject-area, grade level or student group.

Promotes a culture of excellence where teachers can teach and students will learn.

Removes subjectivity and specifically identifies individual students according to data.

Ensures that all state standards are taught before the test.

Neutralizes the blame game.

Effective Schools and TQM (Total Quality Management)Effective Schools and TQM

(Total Quality Management)

The 8 Step Instructional Process has been integrated with the ideas and philosophies of both Total Quality Management (TQM) and Effective Schools research.

The 8 Step Instructional Process has been integrated with the ideas and philosophies of both Total Quality Management (TQM) and Effective Schools research.

Total Quality Management (TQM)

Total Quality Management (TQM)

At the heart of TQM are management practices designed to improve any organization (state, district, or school ) at any level (classroom or administration).

At the heart of TQM are management practices designed to improve any organization (state, district, or school ) at any level (classroom or administration).

EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS AND TQM

EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS AND TQM

What is Total Quality Management?

A management approach created by Dr. W. Edwards Deming led the effort in the United States to use quality to improve organizations.

Fourteen principles were developed.

What is Total Quality Management?

A management approach created by Dr. W. Edwards Deming led the effort in the United States to use quality to improve organizations.

Fourteen principles were developed.

DEMING’S 14 PRINCIPLES

DEMING’S 14 PRINCIPLES

1. Create constancy of purpose.2. Adopt the new philosophy (the mission for quality).3. Cease reliance on mass inspection.4. End the practice of doing business

on price alone.5. Improve constantly and forever the

system of production and service.

1. Create constancy of purpose.2. Adopt the new philosophy (the mission for quality).3. Cease reliance on mass inspection.4. End the practice of doing business

on price alone.5. Improve constantly and forever the

system of production and service.

and…and…

6. Institute training on the job.7. Drive out fear.8. Institute leadership.9. Break down barriers between staff areas.10. Eliminate slogans and targets for

the workforce.

6. Institute training on the job.7. Drive out fear.8. Institute leadership.9. Break down barriers between staff areas.10. Eliminate slogans and targets for

the workforce.

and…and…

11. Eliminate numerical quotas.12. Remove barriers to pride and

joy of workmanship.13. Institute a vigorous program of education and retraining.14. Take action to accomplish the

transformation.

11. Eliminate numerical quotas.12. Remove barriers to pride and

joy of workmanship.13. Institute a vigorous program of education and retraining.14. Take action to accomplish the

transformation.

TQM’s Plan-Do-Check-ActTQM’s Plan-Do-Check-Act

Deming’s Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle outlines a critical path that organizations should follow to achieve total quality management (TQM).

PDCA maintains that organizations that use this cycle will constantly define and refine themselves as they meet their customers’ needs and wants.

Deming’s Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle outlines a critical path that organizations should follow to achieve total quality management (TQM).

PDCA maintains that organizations that use this cycle will constantly define and refine themselves as they meet their customers’ needs and wants.

The Plan-Do-Act CycleThe Plan-Do-Act Cycle

PLAN

DO

CHECK

ACT

Some Characteristics of Effective Schools

Some Characteristics of Effective Schools

Strong instructional leadershipHigh expectations of student

achievementPervasive and broadly understood

instructional focusSafe and orderly school climate

conducive to teaching and learning

Measures of pupil achievement as an indicator of program success

Strong instructional leadershipHigh expectations of student

achievementPervasive and broadly understood

instructional focusSafe and orderly school climate

conducive to teaching and learning

Measures of pupil achievement as an indicator of program success

Background:Background:

These philosophies and ideas were originated principally by Dr. Larry Lezotte, the late Dr. Ron Edmunds, and Wilbury Brookover. Dr. Lezotte combined the effective school philosophy with “total quality” in his book entitled Creating the Total Quality Effective School.

These philosophies and ideas were originated principally by Dr. Larry Lezotte, the late Dr. Ron Edmunds, and Wilbury Brookover. Dr. Lezotte combined the effective school philosophy with “total quality” in his book entitled Creating the Total Quality Effective School.

Step 1: Disaggregate Test Data

Step 1: Disaggregate Test Data

How can you tell if your students are learning what you want them to learn?

How can you tell if your students are learning what you want them to learn?

Step 1: Disaggregate Test Data (continued)

Step 1: Disaggregate Test Data (continued)

Disaggregating data is the critical first step of the instructional process. The term ‘disaggregate” means to break up, to divide, to separate, or to break apart.

Disaggregating data is the critical first step of the instructional process. The term ‘disaggregate” means to break up, to divide, to separate, or to break apart.

Academic GroupingsAcademic Groupings

By disaggregating data, we can use student test score to identify instructional groups – organizing students by their academic performance. This help us match teaching to student need.

By disaggregating data, we can use student test score to identify instructional groups – organizing students by their academic performance. This help us match teaching to student need.

Academic Groupings (continued)

Academic Groupings (continued)

Mastery-Minus Students Pass enough test items to get into the mastery range but fail to master one or more objectives.

System Students Pass enough test items to meet the minimum passing standard but do not reach the mastery level, i.e., students who barely pass the test.

Bubble Students Fail a test but barely missed passing and whose abilities dictate that they should have passed.

Re-teach Students Mastering 40-59% of the material on a test. These are students who have gaps in their learning and need remedial instruction.

Foundation Students Consistently score below 395 and who clearly lack the foundation concepts or skills for approaching the subject area.

Benefits of disaggregating data:

Benefits of disaggregating data:

Measures Student Progress Measures teachers’ progress for

professional development Monitors student learning – deficits and

strengths Helps stakeholders communicate –

students, teachers, administrators, community, etc.

Monitors teaching strategies and adopted programs

Measures Student Progress Measures teachers’ progress for

professional development Monitors student learning – deficits and

strengths Helps stakeholders communicate –

students, teachers, administrators, community, etc.

Monitors teaching strategies and adopted programs

Benefits of disaggregating data:

(continued)

Benefits of disaggregating data:

(continued) Provides information for resource

allocations Provides early intervention – prevents

students from falling through the cracks Promotes ownership and responsibility

for student learning among teachers Promotes a spirit of teamwork and

camaraderie Exhibits learning trends – deficits and

strengths

Provides information for resource allocations

Provides early intervention – prevents students from falling through the cracks

Promotes ownership and responsibility for student learning among teachers

Promotes a spirit of teamwork and camaraderie

Exhibits learning trends – deficits and strengths

Step 2: Develop Instructional TimelineStep 2: Develop Instructional Timeline

If you know where you want to go, you have a better chance of getting there.

-Anonymous

If you know where you want to go, you have a better chance of getting there.

-Anonymous

Benefits of an Instructional Timeline:

Benefits of an Instructional Timeline:

The instructional calendar serves as a graphic reminder for teachers and parents. It is a map that provides a logical path: aligning state performance standards, curriculum and assessment based on the needs of student groups, and the weight of the objective on the performance test.

The instructional calendar serves as a graphic reminder for teachers and parents. It is a map that provides a logical path: aligning state performance standards, curriculum and assessment based on the needs of student groups, and the weight of the objective on the performance test.

Benefits of an Instructional Timeline:

(continued)

Benefits of an Instructional Timeline:

(continued)

An instructional calendar can be developed or any subject area, grade level, district or state accountability standards or curriculum. Content area teachers should meet before the school year begins to design the calendar.

An instructional calendar can be developed or any subject area, grade level, district or state accountability standards or curriculum. Content area teachers should meet before the school year begins to design the calendar.

Benefits of an Instructional Timeline:

(continued)

Benefits of an Instructional Timeline:

(continued)Once the calendar is developed, it

should be distributed and prominently displayed throughout the school. Everyone should know what skill is being taught that period.

Once the calendar is developed, it should be distributed and prominently displayed throughout the school. Everyone should know what skill is being taught that period.

Benefits of an Instructional Timeline:

(continued)

Benefits of an Instructional Timeline:

(continued)

The instructional timeline should remain flexible. Teachers should meet regularly to review and revise the timeline based on the data gained from periodic assessments (Step 4) and teacher observations.

The instructional timeline should remain flexible. Teachers should meet regularly to review and revise the timeline based on the data gained from periodic assessments (Step 4) and teacher observations.

Benefits of an Instructional Timeline:Summary

Benefits of an Instructional Timeline:Summary

Is data directedProvides a clear and direct planPertains to any subject area, grade

level, campus, etc.Eliminates excessive review

periodsProvides a logical sequence and

relationship of skills

Is data directedProvides a clear and direct planPertains to any subject area, grade

level, campus, etc.Eliminates excessive review

periodsProvides a logical sequence and

relationship of skills

Benefits of an Instructional Timeline:

Summary (continued)

Benefits of an Instructional Timeline:

Summary (continued)Provides a clear perspective –

daily, weekly, and yearly Is flexible and based on student

needsProvides instructional focusEncourages ownership Involves staff in curriculum

decision-making

Provides a clear perspective – daily, weekly, and yearly

Is flexible and based on student needs

Provides instructional focusEncourages ownership Involves staff in curriculum

decision-making

Step 3: Instructional FocusStep 3: Instructional Focus

Learning is not a spectator sport.-Anonymous

Learning is not a spectator sport.-Anonymous

Step 3: Instructional Focus(continued)

Step 3: Instructional Focus(continued)

This step – where the actual teaching and learning take place – is, without question, the most critical part of the instructional process.

The emphasis is on the development and delivery of instruction.

This step – where the actual teaching and learning take place – is, without question, the most critical part of the instructional process.

The emphasis is on the development and delivery of instruction.

Step 3: Instructional Focus(continued)

Step 3: Instructional Focus(continued)

Together

Everyone

Accomplishes

More

Together

Everyone

Accomplishes

More

Step 3: Instructional Focus(continued)

Step 3: Instructional Focus(continued)

Instructional focus sheet determines what is to be mastered (objective, target areas, instructional timeline, assessment dates, and important reminders).

Based on the needs of the students, the teacher continues to design the appropriate lesson plans using suggested resources and/or nay other resources that address the focused concept/skill.

Instructional focus sheet determines what is to be mastered (objective, target areas, instructional timeline, assessment dates, and important reminders).

Based on the needs of the students, the teacher continues to design the appropriate lesson plans using suggested resources and/or nay other resources that address the focused concept/skill.

Benefits of Instructional Focus:

Benefits of Instructional Focus:

Reinforces the instructional timeline Addresses priority needs Promotes high quality of instruction Provides a clear and concise focus

based on the needs of the students

Can you list some additional benefits?

Reinforces the instructional timeline Addresses priority needs Promotes high quality of instruction Provides a clear and concise focus

based on the needs of the students

Can you list some additional benefits?

Step 4: Frequent Assessments

Step 4: Frequent Assessments

Without a commitment to when a skill will be taught and assessed, there is not commitment.

-Hayes-Jacobs

Without a commitment to when a skill will be taught and assessed, there is not commitment.

-Hayes-Jacobs

Step 4: Frequent Assessments (continued)

Step 4: Frequent Assessments (continued)

Frequent assessments check for understanding. They tell us which student are learning, which students need more help, and how to stay on track.

Frequent assessments check for understanding. They tell us which student are learning, which students need more help, and how to stay on track.

Step 4: Frequent Assessments (continued)

Step 4: Frequent Assessments (continued) Frequent assessments help us chart

student progress and identify students who require early intervention.

They also tell us when and where we need to adjust our own teaching methods. In addition, when a large number of student have not mastered a skill, they tell us to modify the instructional timeline – that we must devote more time to a particular concept.

Frequent assessments help us chart student progress and identify students who require early intervention.

They also tell us when and where we need to adjust our own teaching methods. In addition, when a large number of student have not mastered a skill, they tell us to modify the instructional timeline – that we must devote more time to a particular concept.

Benefits of frequent assessments:

Benefits of frequent assessments:

Provide immediate feedbackDiagnose teaching

effectiveness/weaknessesProvide the data needed for early

interventionEliminate surprises on the state

standard assessmentTrack student performance for

teacher and parents

Provide immediate feedbackDiagnose teaching

effectiveness/weaknessesProvide the data needed for early

interventionEliminate surprises on the state

standard assessmentTrack student performance for

teacher and parents

Step 5: TutorialsStep 5: Tutorials

What makes all of these approaches (various successful strategies) work is one common characteristic. They say to each child, ‘You are important. You can succeed. We need you to succeed. And we are going to work to provide you with opportunities for success.’

-Frank Newman, Education Commission of the States

What makes all of these approaches (various successful strategies) work is one common characteristic. They say to each child, ‘You are important. You can succeed. We need you to succeed. And we are going to work to provide you with opportunities for success.’

-Frank Newman, Education Commission of the States

Step 5: Tutorials (continued)Step 5: Tutorials (continued)

How did I ensure that all my students excelled?

Quite simply, I had to reteach non-mastery students.

How did I ensure that all my students excelled?

Quite simply, I had to reteach non-mastery students.

Step 5: Tutorials (continued)Step 5: Tutorials (continued)

Additional instructional time for review and refocus is a requirement if we are to ensure that success of all students.

Additional instructional time for review and refocus is a requirement if we are to ensure that success of all students.

Step 5: Tutorials(continued)

Step 5: Tutorials(continued)

To be effective, tutorials must be offered frequently and by talented staff

To be effective, tutorials must be offered frequently and by talented staff

Step 5: Tutorials(continued)

Step 5: Tutorials(continued)

The instruction must be focused and intense. Tutorials should never be perceived as a punishment but instead as an additional opportunity to “catch up”.

The instruction must be focused and intense. Tutorials should never be perceived as a punishment but instead as an additional opportunity to “catch up”.

Benefits of tutorials:Benefits of tutorials:

Prevents students from falling through the cracks

Assures students that you will not give up on them – that your expect them to “get this.”

Provides time for small group or one-on-one instruction

Provides alternative instruction

Prevents students from falling through the cracks

Assures students that you will not give up on them – that your expect them to “get this.”

Provides time for small group or one-on-one instruction

Provides alternative instruction

Step 6: EnrichmentStep 6: Enrichment

Unless you try to do something beyond

what you have already mastered, you will

never grow.-Ronald E. Osborn

Unless you try to do something beyond

what you have already mastered, you will

never grow.-Ronald E. Osborn

Benefits of enrichment:Benefits of enrichment:

Encourages students to work hard during regular class so they can participate in enrichment periods

Offers new ways to see how the classroom relates to the real world

Stimulates new insightsProvides intellectual and creative

challenges

Encourages students to work hard during regular class so they can participate in enrichment periods

Offers new ways to see how the classroom relates to the real world

Stimulates new insightsProvides intellectual and creative

challenges

Benefits of enrichment:(continued)

Benefits of enrichment:(continued)

Enhances knowledge, which allows students to learn a subject in greater depth

Generates interestDevelops advanced skills in critical

thinkingChallenges students to operate at

higher intellectual levelsPromotes personal growth

Enhances knowledge, which allows students to learn a subject in greater depth

Generates interestDevelops advanced skills in critical

thinkingChallenges students to operate at

higher intellectual levelsPromotes personal growth

Step 7: MaintenanceStep 7: Maintenance

“Unless we remember , we cannot understand.”

-Edward Morgan Forster

“Unless we remember , we cannot understand.”

-Edward Morgan Forster

Step 7: Maintenance (continued)

Step 7: Maintenance (continued)

Maintenance involves reinforcing skills that were taught earlier.

Maintenance involves reinforcing skills that were taught earlier.

Step 7: Maintenance (continued)

Step 7: Maintenance (continued)

Scheduled formal review throughout the calendar year and scheduled these more frequently as we approached the time for standards testing.

Scheduled formal review throughout the calendar year and scheduled these more frequently as we approached the time for standards testing.

Benefits of Maintenance:Benefits of Maintenance:

Ensures that skill/standards are retained

Strengthens students’ knowledge of skills

Provides additional learning opportunities

Reinforces thinking process

Ensures that skill/standards are retained

Strengthens students’ knowledge of skills

Provides additional learning opportunities

Reinforces thinking process

Step 8: MonitorStep 8: Monitor

Where there is no vision, people perish.

-Proverbs

Where there is no vision, people perish.

-Proverbs

Step 8: Monitor(continued)

Step 8: Monitor(continued)

Monitoring should be a continuous, multifaceted step in the instructional cycle involving an entire team of individuals.

Monitoring should be a continuous, multifaceted step in the instructional cycle involving an entire team of individuals.

Benefits of Monitoring:Benefits of Monitoring:

√ Ensures that everyone has a role in the learning process√ Identifies what is working and what is not (while there is still time to improve)√ Connects students and principal on a personal level √ Assures students that the principal and

teachers care and that learning is important

√ Ensures that everyone has a role in the learning process√ Identifies what is working and what is not (while there is still time to improve)√ Connects students and principal on a personal level √ Assures students that the principal and

teachers care and that learning is important

Benefits of Monitoring:(continued)

Benefits of Monitoring:(continued)

√ Helps reduce discipline problems√ Helps instruction improve when

the principal recommends an effective teaching strategy√ Reassures teachers and student

that “we are all in this together”

√ Helps reduce discipline problems√ Helps instruction improve when

the principal recommends an effective teaching strategy√ Reassures teachers and student

that “we are all in this together”

Conclusion: Part IConclusion: Part I