Learning, Memory, and Thinking Process Types Encoding Just Forget IT!!!!! Final Questions, Booiiee Solve the Problem Gonna make ya drool The Punisher

Learning, Memory,

and Thinking

Process

TypesEncoding Just Forget

IT!!!!!

Final Questions, Booiiee Solve the Problem

Gonna make ya drool

The Punisher vs Caillou

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Process

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Types

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Encoding

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Just Forget IT!!!!!

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Solve the Problem

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Gonna make ya drool

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The Punisher vs Caillou

1. Making sense of information as meaningful occurs in the process of ___ so that we may store it in memory.

• A) construction• B) flashbulb• C) encoding• D) storage• E) sensory memory

2. In the Atkinson-Shiffrin three-stage processing model of memory(1968), the stages, in order of occurrence are:

• A) flashbulb, working, long-term.• B) sensory, short-term, long-term.• C) sensory, working, long-term.• D) visual, short-term, long-term.• E) encoding, storage, retrieval.

3. The duration of the working memory is about how long.

A. 1 second

B. 10 seconds

C. 20 seconds

D. 25 seconds

E. 1 minute

4. When you solve a math problem in your head, you have to hold the information there while you calculate. This calls into play ___.

• A) rehearsal.• B) working memory.• C) conscious memory• D) arithmetic ability.• E) automatic processing.

5. In this model of working memory, the ___________function directs focus.

central executive

Bonus (300): What is the last name of the person who proposed this model?

Baddeley

6. Sensory memory is like a snapshot for touch, and only lasts for less than a second is called:• A) echoic memory.• B) iconic memory.• C) short-term memory.• D) hepatic memory.• E) immediate memory.

7. When we remember how to do something, but cannot consciously explain it or even recall the information when asked, ___ is involved.

• A) episodic memory• B) explicit memory• C) implicit memory• D) semantic memory• E) declarative memory

8. The ____ of the brain plays a major role in the formation of new, explicit memories.

• A) hippocampus• B) cerebellum• C) hypothalamus• D) amygdala• E) frontal lobes

9. Our immediate, short-term memory for new material is limited in capacity to roughly ___ bits of information.

• A) 3 plus or minus 1• B) 12 plus or minus 3• C) 20 plus or minus 4• D) 7 plus or minus 2• E) 7 plus or minus 1

10. How long will information stay in echoic memory before it is lost? Men use this to tell their significant other what they said……Not really.

A) < 1 second

B) 1-2 seconds

C) 2-3 seconds

D) 3-4 seconds

E) Over 4 seconds

11. Being able to remember major events clearly because of their emotional impact is called:

• A) flashbulb memory.• B) sensory memory.• C) photographic memory.• D) traumatic memory.• E) PTSD.

12. When studying information, like concepts in your textbook, you must work at it and pay attention. This is called ___ processing.

• A) meaningful• B) deliberate• C) effortful• D) rehearsal• E) automatic

14. Knowles, you’re such a Creeper, why are you stalking me? Why are you following me? It’s the third time I’ve see you today. Is an example of what type of automatic processing?

Frequency

15. Using a method such as, “one is a bun, two is a shoe, etc.” to help you remember is a ____ device called a ____ .

mnemonic; peg-word system

16: When learning something new makes recall of previously learned information more difficult, this is called:

• A) proactive interference.• B) the misinformation effect.• C) retroactive interference.• D) retrograde amnesia.• E) negative transfer.

17. Henry M. (HM) remembered everything before the operation but cannot make new memories. He had

• A) proactive interference.• B) anterograde amnesia• C) retroactive interference.• D) retrograde amnesia.• E) transience

18. Herman Ebbinghaus showed this with his forgetting curve. He stated poor durability of stored memories leads to their decay. What is this called?• A) proactive interference.• B) anterograde amnesia• C) retroactive interference.• D) retrograde amnesia.• E) transience

19. Both Henry Molaison and Clive Wearing are unable to make these memories, but they have kept and can form these memories.

• Explicit (declarative) and Implicit (procedural)

20. What were the two parts of the brain that were removed from Henry Molaison?

amygdala and hippocampus

21. When following this procedure to solve problems, you will always arrive at a correct solution.

• A) trial-and-error• B) heuristic• C) algorithm• D) insight

22. Our tendency to approach a problem a certain way, i.e., a way successful in the past (aka 8th grade mentality), is

called: • A) prototype.• B) heuristics.• C) mental set.• D) algorithm.• E) insight.

23. Mary was out of coffee filters. She did not think of using a paper towel, so she went without coffee. Her failure was one of: • A) representativeness heuristic.• B) algorithms.• C) functional fixedness.• D) availability heuristic.• E) mental set

24. A rule of thumb for judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they match our prototype.This is an example of:

• A) false memory.• B) availability heuristic.• C) false prototypes.• D) concept misattribution.• E) representativeness heuristic.

25. The Chicago Cubs’ fans believe that each year is the year they win the World

Series. What is this an example of: • A) belief perseverance. • B) framing.• C) overconfidence.• D) exaggerated fear.• E) belief bias

26. Jim misplaced his keys. He knew they were in the house, so he first looked on the hook, then on the dresser, then in other places he has found them in the past. He is using the strategy of:• A) trial-and-error.• B) heuristics.• C) algorithm.• D) insight.• E) mental set

What types of amnesia does Clive Wearing have and what was his

former occupation?Anterograde and Retrograde; orchestral

conductor

This researcher said we learn through modeling behavior from others.

Albert Bandura

27. What was the name of the researcher who studied digestion of dogs and discovered would salivate before they were given food (triggered by sounds, lights etc…)

Ivan Pavlov

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28 . Before conditioning, food produces salivation. The salivation is considered the:

a. Unconditioned Response

b. Conditioned Stimulus

c. Neutral Stimulus

d. Unconditioned Stimulus

e. Conditioned Response

29. What is considered to be the neutral stimulus in these example:a. penguin, meat, drooling turtleb. light, needle, screaming grannyc. Kno’ Face, Pills, Naseousd. Meat, Needle, Pillse. Kno’ Face, Light Bulb, Penguin

30. Learning takes places when the previously neutral stimulus elicits a response. What does a neutral stimulus become?



c. Neutral Stimulus



31. When I was very young I ate a whole lot of EZ cheese (that spray on cheese). Later that night, I got very, very sick and threw up because of a virus I contracted. I was never able to eat EZ cheese again. Before getting sick, EZ cheese was the:



c. Neutral Stimulus



32. The removal of something unpleasant.

a. Positive Reinforcement:b. Negative Reinforcement:c. Positive punishmentd. Negative punishmente. Token economy

33. A dog is banished to his doghouse after soiling the living room carpet. The dog has fewer accidents after that.

a. Positive Reinforcement

b. Negative Reinforcement

c. Positive Punishment

d. Negative Punishment

e. Primary Reinforcement

34. A soccer player rolls her eyes at a teammate who delivered a bad pass; the teammate makes fewer errors after that.

a. Negative Reinforcement

b. Positive Punishment

c. Negative Punishment

d. Primary Reinforcement

e. Positive Reinforcement

35. A professor allows those students with A averages in the class to skip the final exam. Students work harder for As.






36. After Jodi flirted with someone else at the party, her boyfriend stopped talking to her. Jodi didn't flirt at the next party.






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Learning, Memory, and Thinking Process Types Encoding Just Forget IT!!!!! Final Questions, Booiiee Solve the Problem Gonna make ya drool The Punisher