LEARNING GOAL: DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF CARBOHYDRATES

LEARNING GOAL: UNDERSTAND THE EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS

QOD: Halloween is around the corner, what is the

number one thing in most of those reeces, skittles,

and kit-kats we will collect?

Introduction to Photosynthesis

Building Macromolecules

Polymer – large biomolecules made by linking together a large number of the same type of subunit

Monomer- small molecule that is a subunit of a polymer (building blocks)

Chemical reactions link monomers together to build polymers or break down polymers into monomers Enzymes catalyze these reactions!!

Organic Macromolecules (Polymers)

MONOMER POLYMER

Amino Acid Protein

Monosaccharide ( AKA simple sugar)

Polysaccharide(AKA carbohydrate)

Nucleotide Nucleic Acid

These organic macromolecules are made of…CHNOPS!

Carbohydrates: Monomers

MONOSACCHARIDESSimple sugarsEx: Glucose (C6H12O6)Linked together to buildcomplex carbohydrates like starchMono—one Saccharide--sweet

Carbohydrates: Polymers

POLYSACCHARIDES poly-many saccharide-sweet

FUNCTION #1: STRUCTURAL PURPOSES CELLULOSE (AKA Fiber) – cell walls of plant cells CHITIN – cell walls of fungi cells and shells of

exoskeletons (arthropods)

FUNCTION #2: SHORT-TERM ENERGY STORAGE

STARCH – short-term energy storage in plants GLYCOGEN – short-term energy storage in animals

STRUCTURE OF CARBS

Cellulose – long straight chains of glucose (structural)Starch- branched chains of glucose (energy)Glycogen – highly branched chains of glucose (energy)

Only straight chains stack neatly into strong, rigid rope-like bundles!

LEARNING GOAL: DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF CARBOHYDRATES

LEARNING GOAL: UNDERSTAND THE EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS

QOD: What does photosynthesis depend on? Why do leaves change color

in the fall?

LEARNING GOAL: UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

QOD: Why did the leaves start floating during the lab on Friday? What changed?

Why?

LEARNING GOAL: UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

QOD: Why did the leaves go from sunk to floating?

What changed? How?

The building blocks of polymers are?

A. SaccharidesB. MonomersC. LipidsD. Amino Acids

Sacch

arides

Monomers

Lipids

Amino Acids

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Which of the following is an example of an energy storing polysaccharide ?

A. GlycogenB. CelluloseC. ChitinD. Lipids

Glycogen

Cellulose

Chitin

Lipids

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Why is cellulose rigid & useful for building cell walls, whereas starch &

glycogen are not?

A. Cellulose is branched & CAN NOT pack into rigid rope-like bundles, but starch and glycogen are straight & unbranched & CAN pack into ropes

B. Starch and glycogen are branched & CAN NOT pack into rigid rope-like bundles, but cellulose is straight & unbranched & CAN pack into ropes

C. Cellulose is branched & CAN pack into rigid rope-like bundles, but starch and glycogen are straight & unbranched & CAN NOT pack into ropes

Cellulose

is bra

nched &

C..

Starch an

d glycoge

n are...

Cellulose

is bra

nched &

...

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Photosynthesis

Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis?

A. WaterB. GlucoseC. Carbon DioxideD. Sunlight

Wate

r

Glucose

Carbon Dioxid

e

Sunlight

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In addition to sunlight, what are the other reactants for the process of photosynthesis?

A. Water and oxygen

B. Water and glucose

C. Oxygen and carbon dioxide

D. Water and carbon dioxide

Wate

r and oxy

gen

Wate

r and gluco

se

Oxyge

n and ca

rbon dioxid

e

Wate

r and ca

rbon dioxid

e

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Pigments of Photosynthesis

Pigments are molecules that absorb specific wavelengths (energies) of light and reflect all others.

Chlorophyll is the main pigment in charge of capturing the energy from sunlight.

•Chlorophyll a absorbs …………….. light best.•Chlorophyll b absorbs ……………. light best.

•Why do plants look green?•THEY RELFECT GREEN LIGHT!!!

Chloroplast Structure

Chlorophyll is a pigment in the chloroplast that

A. stores and releases energy

B. absorbs sunlight

C. Carries high energy electrons

D. Makes glucosesto

res and re

leases e

nergy

absorb

s sunlig

ht

Carries h

igh energy elect.

..

Makes g

lucose

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Chloroplasts do not contain which of the following structures?

A. MitochondriaB. ThylakoidsC. StromaD. Chlorophyll

Mito

chondria

Thylakoids

Stroma

Chlorophyll

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CLASS WARM-UP

1. Get your clickers!2. Get out your HW for us to check!3. Get out your notebook and answer the

following questions:1. What is the balanced chemical equation for

photosynthesis? (write it out in words first then in chemical formulas)

2. Identify the reactants and products in the chemical equation for photosynthesis.

3. Draw a chloroplast and label the 2 parts.4. What is chlorophyll?

Photosynthesis

Chemical Energy and ATP

ATP Adenosine triphosphate Compound that cells use to

store and release energy Made of adenine, 5-carbon

sugar (ribose), and 3 phosphate groups

ADP Adenosine diphosphate Made of adenine, 5-carbon

sugar (ribose), and 2 phosphate groups

Chemical Energy and ATP

QOD: Why do cells need “electron carriers?” What are the 2 parts of photosynthesis?

LG: Describe the process of photosynthesis and its importance to living things.

Quiz: Thursday, on Photosynthesis

QOD: Every couple days, I water my little plant by the kitchen sink. What happens to that water?

LG: Describe the process of photosynthesis and its importance to living things.

Quiz: Thursday, on Photosynthesis

Electron Carrier Molecule

Electron Carrier Molecules Compound that can accept a pair of high energy

electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy to another molecule

One way the sunlight can be trapped in a chemical form and use it to build glucose for the plant cell

Example: NADP+ = accepts and holds 2 high energy electrons

along with a hydrogen ion (H+) When NADP+ accepts 2 electrons and a H+ it

becomes NADPH

What is the process in which autotrophs trap the energy from the sun and store this energy in molecules such as glucose.

A. PredationB. MetabolismC. Cell RespirationD. Photosynthesis

Predation

Meta

bolism

Cell Resp

iration

Photosy

nthesis

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Which is not a function of NADPH?

A. To carry energy for other organelles to do work

B. To carry 2 high energy electrons

C. To act as a carrier molecule

D. To carry a hydrogen ion

To carry

energy fo

r oth

er...

To carry

2 high energy

el...

To act as a

carri

er molecu

le

To carry

a hydroge

n ion

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Photosynthesis: Step 1 – Light-Dependent Reaction

Takes place in Thylakoids. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy from the sun. Water is then split into hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). The oxygen is released to the atmosphere. Produces NADPH and ATP for the light-independent reaction

(step 2)! H2O

INSunlightWater ADPNADP+

OUTOxygenATPNADPH

Photosynthesis: Step 2 – Light-Independent

ReactionTakes place in Stroma.

Also called the Calvin Cycle or Dark Reactions.

CO2 (carbon dioxide) combines with hydrogen (H) to form C6H12O6 (glucose).

The NADPH made in the light-dependent reactions provides the Hydrogen for the glucose

The ATP made in light-dependent reactions provides the energy for the Light independent reactions to occur.

H2O

Write a description of the diagram above. Include as much detail as you can!

What affects the rate of photosynthesis?

Amount of :- sunlight- CO2

- H2O

- temperatureAll the reactions of photosynthesis are controlled by enzymes. Temperatures above or below the optimum temperature will slow down the chemical reactions.

GET YOUR CLICKERS!

Energy from the sun is collected during the:

A. Light-independent reactions

B. Light-dependent reactions

C. Thylakoid reactions

D. Krebs Cycle

Light-i

ndependent reacti

ons

Light-d

ependent reacti

ons

Thylakoid re

actions

Krebs C

ycle

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Glucose is created during this step of photosynthesis.

A. Light-independent reaction

B. Light-dependent reaction

C. Thylakoid reactions

D. Krebs Cycle Li

ght-independent r

eaction

Light-d

ependent reacti

on

Thylakoid re

actions

Krebs C

ycle

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Which of the following would not directly impact the growth of a plant?

A. Spectrum of light

B. Concentration of oxygen

C. Concentration of carbon dioxide

D. Availability of water

E. TemperatureSpectr

um of ligh

t

Concentra

tion of oxyg

en

Concentra

tion of carb

on ...

Availa

bility o

f wate

r

Temperature

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Which of the following is NOT produced in the light-dependent reactions?

1. NADPH2. Sugars3. Hydrogen Ions4. ATP

NADPH

Sugars

Hydroge

n Ions

ATP

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