Learn the Biblein Six MonthsMake Up Week

Samuel, Kings, Chronicles

Basic Discovery

1. The Bible consists of– 66 separate books– Penned by over 40 authors– Over a period of several thousand years

that are in a cohesive redemptive narrative

Biblical History

CreationFall of Man

FloodAbraham

The Exodus

David Christ

Israel Restored

The Nation Israel The Diaspora

Exile

Genesis

Rest of OTNT

6,000 Years?

400 yrs

DavidExile

The Monarchy

SaulSolomon

The Rise & Fall of the Monarchy• 1st & 2nd Samuel (LXX: 1st & 2nd “Kingdoms”)

– Samuel (Latin Vulgate: “Kings”)– Saul– David

• 1st & 2nd Kings (LXX: 3rd & 4th “Kingdoms”)– David’s 40 year reign (Latin Vulgate: “Kings”)– Solomon– The Divided Kingdom– The Exile: Assyria and Babylon

• 1st & 2nd Chronicles– Recap of the Southern Kingdom: Judah

Samuel

DavidSolomon

1 Samuel

1 Chronicles 2 Chronicles

The Monarchy

Saul

2 Kings2 Samuel

Southern Kingdom - Judah

Northern Kingdom - Israel

Elijah

Assyrian Exile

Babylonian Exile

Elisha

1 Kings

Instructions for Kings• Warnings - Deut. 17:14-17

– Do not acquire great number of horses– Do not take many wives– Do not accumulate large amounts of silver and gold

• Instructions – Deut. 17:18-20– Read and follow the laws– Do not consider himself better than others

King David• Goliath

–9 feet tall; professional combatant–David picks up 5 stones from the Brook –1 Sam 17:34-37

• Public notice as a deliverer of Israel and chief of Saul’s men of war

• Becomes devoted friend of Jonathan, Saul’s son

Samuel

1 Samuel

The Monarchy

Saul

2 Samuel

David

The 2nd Book of Samuel

• David’s Triumphs 1 – 12–King of Judah (at Hebron) 7 yrs–King of All Israel (at Jerusalem) 13 yrs

• David’s Troubles 13 - 24– In his Family– In the Nation

The Davidic Covenant2 Samuel 7:11-16

• Affects all that follows – in the Scriptures– in the history of mankind

• Divine Confirmation of throne in Israel• Perpetuity of the Davidic Dynasty• Davidic Covenant is Unconditional• Messianic Implications

Perpetuity Confirmed

His seed also will I make to endure for ever, and his throne as the days of heaven.

Once have I sworn by my holiness that I will not lie unto David.

His seed shall endure for ever, and his throne as the sun before me.

It shall be established for ever as the moon, and as a faithful witness in heaven.

Psalm 89:29, 35-37

Perpetuity Confirmed

Therefore being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him, that of the fruit of his loins, according to the flesh, he would raise up Christ to sit on his throne; Acts 2:30

Key Points

• Divine Confirmation of throne in Israel• Perpetuity of the Davidic Dynasty• Davidic Covenant is Unconditional• Messianic Implications

“Son of David, Son of Abraham” Matt 1:1

“Lion of the Tribe of Judah, Root of David”

Rev 5:5

The Covenant Continues• The “Seed of the Woman” Genesis 3:15

– The Race• Abraham Genesis 22:18

– The Nation• Jacob Genesis 49:10

– The Tribe• David 2 Samuel 7:11-

16– The Family

David’s Achievements• Victorious Warrior, Clever General;

– Subdues:• Philistines to the West (Saul’s nemesis)• Syrians and Hadadezer in the North• Ammonites and Moabites on the East• Edomites and Amalekites in the South

• Constructive Administrator– “Judgment and justice to all the people”– Organizes Priesthood into 24 Courses

• Major Poet, Song Writer: Psalms

David’s Turning Point• His Great Sin

– Adultery; then murder• Culmination of a Process

– Prosperous ease– Self-indulgence

• Accumulating wives forbidden Deut 17:17

• Remorse and Repentance Psalm 51

– “A man after God’s own heart…” 1 Sam 13:14Acts 13:22

Years of Suffering• Remorse and Contrition did not obliterate the

consequences– Incest – Fratricide – Rebellion – Civil War

• Not allowed to build the Temple– (Yet he still prepaid most of the expenses…)

Troubles in the Family“The sword shall never depart from your house”

• 1st son by Bathsheba died• Loss of moral authority:

–Amnon raped David’s daughter Tamar–Absalom killed Amnon

• Why Doesn’t David act? 14:33–Absalom led a rebellion against David

• Absalom’s complaint 15:4 • Counseled by Ahithophel 11:3, 23:24• David

2 Sam 12:10

Samuel

DavidSolomon

1 Samuel 2 Samuel

The Monarchy

Saul

Southern Kingdom - Judah

Northern Kingdom - Israel

Elijah

1 Kings

The 1st Book of Kings

• King Solomon 40 years 1-11– Accession – Temple Built– Fame and Glory– Decline and Decease

• Divided Kingdom 80 years 12-22– Accession of Rehoboam– Kings of Southern Kingdom (“Judah”)– Kings of Northern Kingdom (“Israel”)

• The Prophet Elijah

Solomon• Became King when 15 years old

(Josephus)• Adonijah attempted to preempt, but was

thwarted by Nathan;• David, on his deathbed, instructs Solomon to

“clean house” of overdue punishments: • (2 Kings 2:6,9)

– Joab (for Abner), Shimei, et al.

The Temple• Preparations

– Cedars of Lebanon (vs. coarser sycamore)– Hiram’s friendship with David– Design given to David by God

• 183,300 Workforce– 30,000 men (10,000/mo. shift)– 70,000 carriers– 80,000 hewers in the mountains– 3,300 supervision

Shekinah Glory

Mercy Seat

Ark of the Covenant

Altar of Incense

Tables ofShewbread

Lampstands

Lavers of Bronze

Molten Sea

Solomon• Personally

– Brilliant, but lacked moral vigor– Excessively Self-indulgent

• Historically– Peak of Israel’s prosperity– Visit of the Queen of Sheba– “Solomon in all his glory…”

• Typically– Positive: Millennial Reign?– Hidden Negative? (Salary = 666; et al)

The Peak of the Kingdom• From the Mediterranean to the Euphrates• From the Red Sea and Arabia to Lebanon• Tributary states held in subjection• Canaanites became peaceable subjects or

useful servants• Immense treasures won by David,

supplemented with oppressive taxation

Solomon’s Failure• Israel’s kings should not multiply wealth,

horses, or wives Deut 17:14-20

• Solomon did all three– Traded in chariots, horses– Indulged many foreign wives (700+300!)

from the very nations warned against– Introduced false gods and false worship

• Solomon’s self-life had its full swing – In the end, turning away sad and sick of it all– Ecclesiastes: “All is Vanity…”

The Apostasy• His excessive taxation alienated the

affections of his people• Led astray by his wives: Temples to

–Chemosh, Baal-Peor, obscene idol of Moab–Moloch, the god of Ammon–Astoreth, goddess of Sidonians

• Adversaries stirred up a rebellion–Ephraim became the center of disaffection

Failure to Bring Justice• Since you have asked for this and not for long life or wealth

for yourself, nor have asked for the death of your enemies but for discernment in administering justice, I will do what you have asked. (1 Kings 3:11-12)

• When all Israel heard the verdict the king had given, they held the king in awe, because they saw that he had wisdom from God to administer justice. (1 Kings 3:28)

• Praise be to the Lord your God, who has delighted in you and placed you on the throne of Israel. Because of the Lord’s eternal love for Israel, he has made you king to maintain justice and righteousness. (1 Kings 10:9)

Failure to Bring Justice• Israel’s mandate was to be a holy nation and

kingdom of priests, to become the light to the gentiles, to show the world the justice and righteousness of Yahweh.

• “Here is the account of the forced labor King Solomon conscripted to build the LORD’s temple, his own palace, the terraces, the wall of Jerusalem, and Hazor, Megiddo and Gezer.” 1 Kings 9:15

• Solomon has become an anti-God character. 

The Divided Kingdom• Rehoboam’s Folly

– Ill-advised expansion of excessive taxation• Jeroboam’s “Opportunity”

– Established alternative worship centers (to break Jerusalem’s hold on the people)• Dan in the North• Bethel in the South

• The Nation split into two:– The Northern Kingdom under Jeroboam (“Israel”)– The Southern Kingdom under Rehoboam (“Judah”)

Elijah(Last 6 chapters of 1st Kings)

• Ministry to the Northern Kingdom• NT speaks of him more than any other OT

prophet• Appears twice in NT:

– Transfiguration Matt 17– Two Witnesses Rev 11

• 8 Major Miracles– Suspension of rain for 3 ½ years 1 Kings 17– Confrontation on Mt. Carmel 1 Kings 18

• Translated into Heaven 2 Kings 2

Queen Jezebel• Daughter of Ethbaal, king of Sidonians• Wife of King Ahab of Israel 1 Kings 16

• Synonymous with crafty, cruel, malicious• Naboth’s vineyard acquired for Ahab through

an inquisition, false accusation, and execution 1 Kings 21

• 450 prophets (+ 400 prophets of the “groves”)

Confrontation on Mt. Carmel1 Kings 18

• “How long will you waver between two opinions? If the Lord is God, follow him; but if Baal is God, follow him.” But the people said nothing. 1 Kings 18:21

• Challenged Baal to match altars and sacrifices• Mocked them openly…• After dousing him 3 times with water, called fire

down and consumed his offering• …then slaughtered the 450 prophets of Baal.

Samuel

DavidSolomon

1 Samuel 2 Samuel 1 Kings

The Monarchy

Saul

Southern Kingdom - Judah

Northern Kingdom - Israel

Elijah

Assyrian Exile

Babylonian Exile

Elisha

2 Kings

The 2nd Book of Kings

• Annals of Israel, the Northern Kingdom 1-10– Ministry of Elisha– To the death of Jehu, Israel’s 10th king

• Alternating Annals of Both Kingdoms 11-17(Jonah, Amos, and Hosea prophesy)

– To the Assyrian Captivity of Israel• Annals of Judah, The Southern Kingdom 18-25

(Obadiah, Joel, Isaiah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, and Jeremiah prophesy)

– Ends with the Babylonian Captivity of Judah

Elisha

• Receives Elijah’s Mantle• Desires “double portion” 2 Kings 2:9

–16 Major Miracles• Typical Implications

Elijah - John the BaptistElisha - Healing acts; gentler words;

Life out of death

The Two Kingdoms• The Northern Kingdom – Israel

–19 Kings reigned 250 years–7 different dynasties–Assyrian Captivity, 721 BC (no return)

• The Southern Kingdom – Judah–20 Kings reigned 370 years–1 dynasty: The Davidic–Babylonian Captivity, 606 BC (70 years)

Rehoboam 17Abijam 3Asa 41

Jehoshaphat 25

Jehoram 8Ahaziah 1Athaliah 6Joash 40Amaziah 29Azariah (Uzziah) 52

Jotham 16Ahaz 16Hezekiah 29Manasseh 55Amon 2Josiah 31Jehoahaz (3

mos)Jehoiakim 11Jehoiakin (3

mos)Zedekiah 11

Jeroboam 22Nadab 2Baasha 24Elah 2Zimri (1

wk)Omri 12Ahab 22Ahaziah 2Jehoram 12Jehu 28

Jehoahaz 17Jehoash 16 Jeroboam II 41Interregnum 12Zechariah ½ Shallum (1

mo)Menahem 10Pekahiah 2Pekah 20Hoshea 9

JudahThe Southern Kingdom

975 BC

606 BC Babylonian Captivity

721 BC Assyrian Captivity

975 BC

370 yrs 250 yrs

IsraelThe Northern Kingdom

1st Kings

2nd Kings

1st Kings

2nd Kings

Bad

Worse

Rehoboam 17Abijam 3Asa 41

Jehoshaphat 25

Jehoram 8Ahaziah 1Athaliah 6Joash 40Amaziah 29Azariah (Uzziah) 52

Jotham 16Ahaz 16Hezekiah 29Manasseh 55Amon 2Josiah 31Jehoahaz (3

mos)Jehoiakim 11Jehoiakin (3

mos)Zedekiah 11

Jeroboam 22Nadab 2Baasha 24Elah 2Zimri (1

wk)Omri 12Ahab 22Ahaziah 2Jehoram 12Jehu 28

Jehoahaz 17Jehoash 16 Jeroboam II 41Interregnum 12Zechariah ½ Shallum (1

mo)Menahem 10Pekahiah 2Pekah 20Hoshea 9

JudahThe Southern Kingdom

975 BC

606 BC Babylonian Captivity

721 BC Assyrian Captivity

975 BC

370 yrs 250 yrs

Bad

Worse

IsraelThe Northern Kingdom

1st Kings

2nd Kings

1st Kings

2nd Kings

Object Lesson Ignored

“The history of man teaches us that man learns nothing from history.” — Georg Wilhem Friedrich Hegel

• With the exceptions of Hezekiah and Josiah, the downgrade continued in Judah– Hezekiah the greatest since David and Solomon– Manasseh the wickedest and longest reigning

• The captivity of Judah and the destruction of Jerusalem are emphatically ascribed to the sovereign hand of God.

The Price of Compromise• Reuben, Gad, ½ tribe of Manasseh had settled east

of the Jordan • Reuben, Gad, ½ tribe of Manasseh are the first to

go into captivity 1 Chron 5:25, 26• 13 years later the other tribes of the Northern

Kingdom are deported• Assyrians appear to have been the most inventive of

torture-cruelties…• Policy of replanting captives obliterate ethnic

identities; therefore, no “return” from exile.

Why did they have to fall?• ‘You yourselves have seen what I did to Egypt, and

how I carried you on eagles’ wings and brought you to myself. 5 Now if you obey me fully and keep my covenant, then out of all nations you will be my treasured possession. Although the whole earth is mine, 6 you[a] will be for me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These are the words you are to speak to the Israelites.” Ex. 19:4-6

• Were they even close? – Their best king was a liar, adulterer and a murderer. – Their most powerful king became selfish and hoarded the

blessing for himself. • They utterly and completely failed God.

Samuel

DavidSolomon

1 Samuel

1 Chronicles 2 Chronicles

The Monarchy

Saul

2 Kings2 Samuel

Southern Kingdom - Judah

Northern Kingdom - Israel

Elijah

Assyrian Exile

Babylonian Exile

Elisha

1 Kings

The 1st Book of ChroniclesThe House of YHWH

• Israel’s Main Genealogies 1 - 9– Adam to Jacob– Jacob to David– David to Zedekiah– Tribal Allotments

• David’s Reign at Jerusalem 10 - 29– Anointed of the Lord– The Ark of the Lord– The Covenant of the Lord– The Temple of the Lord

The 2nd Book of ChroniclesThe Temple vs. The Throne

• Solomon’s 40 Years’ Reign 1 – 9– Early Establishment– Building the Temple– All His Glory

• Judah’s History to the Exile 10 – 36– The Division of the Kingdom– The 20 Kings of Judah– Deportation to Babylon