Learn How to Weave With Weaving Today

7/31/2019 Learn How to Weave With Weaving Today

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2011 interweave press llc. all rights reserved. not to be repr inted.

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2 Lr Hw t W wth Weaving Today 2011 interweave press llc. all rights reserved. not to be rep rinted.

TM

l h w w

w tm, w lm, M

Steps for Warping: Front to Back

Make a guide string

Mu u

u u 6" y

. t mk

mm

u

.

Wind the warp

w u

; Fu 1.

Choices

. w m

. a ,

.

. w - ,

,

. K

yu m m

u .

. w my ( x)

y s 6.

ips

Wind with even but loose tensionthe threads

u ju u m

m .

Do not overlap threads on the pegs.

If the total number of threads or their thickness

mk m (m u

),

m qu .

Count the threads

cu .

i yu u ,

my

um yu u. t u yu u

, u

. Yu k k

u y -

um (,

y); p 8, . 5. o yu u y my , -

u , um,

.

Secure the warp chain

t u m Fu 2,

3. (Yu u

. i

u , u

u.)

Mu m m

yu m u 10" y

u k

m k

; p 6, 5.

Mk k ( m qu

k) y y

y y.

1

2

1. Each trip from the first peg to the last peg and then back to the

first peg produces two warp threads.

3

4


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5

6

Chain the warp

cu

m : Mk

u u

. pu u

( p 3, 4). cu,

u u yu

-k k . h

my . Mk

u k k xmy

. cu

y .

Sley the reed

Yu y m ( k

m) u

. t yu

, mk

mu m

. t:

. F u s 2 2,

k m

( yu y m, yu

u k

m m).

sy qu y yu

m k. i yu y

,

k m.

. F mu u s 2,

k y

, k

. rm k,

m , y,

m . r u

y. (t k

m.)

Tread the loom

rm k y .

Mk u yu u

. d y x

qu um

. s ,

k m yu

-, m yu -

, m . bk

u 12"

. a , k

k ( p 7, 5).

M m! d u y u k m. t

k u k

m.

Beam the warp

w

k u m , uy u

k () m. b

, k

m u uy

k ( Fu 4, 4). d

y u ; ju mk

u m .

a m,

(m , u yu

y ;

yu u mu

). t my

u

u 2" m

choke

= cutting line

8

2. Tie the cross, the end, and the first half of the surgeons knot

that will become the choke tie.

7



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. pu my . n

m u k y

u .

*M m. b

m,

. w

m ,

u my .** r m * **

u m

y 2"

k 2" (u

2 u) y. K

m , u m * **, u

u m.

ips

The warp should go onto the beam at exactly

. i u

, u y . t

y y c-m

u k m .

pu m mk u14"

. t m

y.

The warp must be wound very tightly so that

uu .

a u u m, u

2" y my (

u m u m k u

k k yu ).

Maintain the divisions between the warp

m y

yu u: m u, m

, m .

To clear any tangles, pick up a section of warp

, u y ,

um

u m m

m.

ie onto the front apron rod

s , k 14" u

, m u

( k ),

qu k .

cu y u, k m

u, . w yu

k u,

qu k. vy m: d mk

k . i yu , u k,

y ,

u . i,

m k, ,

k m

k, m u k

(k u, ),

k. n

mk k m y. t mk

.

9

3. To chain a warp, make a loop and pull another loop through it. Pull the next

loop through with the other hand and continue.

4. To tie the warp onto the back apron rod,

pass two warp groups over the rod and tie a

square knot on top of the two groups. Leave

the original overhand knots in place.



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castle

shafts

heddlereed

beater

warp

breastbeam

front back

frontfoot-rest

backfoot-rest

backbeam

warpbeam

clothbeam

shed

heddle

treadle

5. To tie a square knot, wrap the right yarn around the left

yarn; then wrap the left yarn around the right yarn.

6. To tie a surgeons knot, wrap the right yarn around the left

yarn two times; then wrap the left yarn around the right yarn.

7. To tie an overhand knot,

make a loop and put the tail

of the yarn through the loop.

8. To finger crochet a counting thread, make a larks head knot around the first group of

threads. Pull a loop of the two-thread tail through the first loop around the second group

of threads. With the tail behind each group of threads, pull up successive loops to enclose

each group. When the chain is not needed, pulling on the tail will release the chain.

9. The parts of a loom.



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Make a guide string

Mu u

u u 6" y

. t mk

mm

u

.

Wind the warp

w u

m

; Fu 1. (t mk

uu

m .)

Choices

. w m

. a ,

.

. w - ,

,

. K

yu m m

u .

ips

Wind with even but loose tensionthe threads

u ju u m

m .

Do not overlap threads on the pegs.

If the total number of threads or their thickness

mk m (

m u

),

m qu .

Count the threads

cu y -

u u

(

p 5, 9).

Secure the warp chain

t u m Fu 2,

7. t k ( u

u qu k; p

4, 9) . i y y y, k

y.

Chain the warp

cu

m : Mk

u u

. pu u

( p 3, 8). cu,

u u yu

, m m

.

Spread the warp in the raddle

a k m. p

k . su

k m k

m ( uu yu m

m y ;

k u y

start

top peg

bottom peg

1

2

1. Each trip from the bottom peg to the top peg and then back to

the bottom peg produces two warp threads.

3

4

5

Steps for Warping: Back to Front

6


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m u 1"). p uy

uu . a

m,

(

u

). w u

m,

u ,

m, m.

t m

k yu

. rm u

.

U m -

u , u

y

, qu

y yu j. su y

u . w

my u

u , u

m.

ip

i m k m yu m

u m yu k yu m,

y u m: t

m m

k m. w k

k m ,

mk

k,

mk

k. r ,

u k

m y. t k

y m .

Variation

Yu y

m ( k , uy

, y k

). w

u

u , k , k,

m, u k

,

m .

Beam the warp

d : ru yu m

m . t

u

u 2" . pu my

.

(n m u .)

K k

,

m. i k,

u my . w

m,

y 2" k

2" y.cu, m u

m.

M

y yu u : m

u, m , m

. w u u

k

( u m

u u u 10").

= cutting line

2. Tie the four arms of the cross and chain the warp from the

warping board beginning at the bottom peg.

7



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ips

As it is beamed, the warp will tend to spread

u . t

y, u

u u .

t , y y

c-m u k m

. pu m

mk u 14"

. t

m y.

The warp must be wound very tightly on m

uu . t u my

2" k yu ,

u m u

m k u k.

To clear any tangles, pick up a section of warp

, u y ,

um

u m m

m.

Tread the loomcu um qu

yu mk u yu

u. d y x

qu um

. s m,

yu m

yu -, m

yu -, m

.

ip

i yu

k

, k yu

k y . i yu u

s 6, y

j k m u

m k.

Sley the reed

t yu , mk

mu m

.

t y qu y yu .

ie onto the front apron rod

s , k 14"

u , m

u ( Fu 6),

y qu k .

cu y u, k m

u, . w yu

k u,

qu k .

ips

Very important: Do not make the knots tight.

i yu , u k, y

,

u . i, m

qu k,

, k

m k, m u

k (k u, ),

k. n

, mk k

m y. t mk

.

Tying on in small groups makes it possible to

u y y

m .

8

9

10

3. To chain a warp, make a loop and pull another loop through it. Pull the next

loop through with the other hand and continue.



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castle

shafts

heddlereed

beater

warp

breastbeam

front back

frontfoot-rest

backfoot-rest

backbeam

warpbeam

clothbeam

shed

heddle

treadle

6. To tie the warp onto the front apron rod, pass

two warp groups over the rod and tie the first

half of a square knot. After all groups are tied,

tie the second half of each square knot snug, nottight.

5. Make a larks head knot around the first group of threads. Pull a loop

of the two-thread tail through the first loop around the second group

of threads. With the tail behind each group, pull up successive loops to

enclose each one. Pull on the tail to release the chain.

4. To tie a square knot, wrap the right yarn around the left

yarn; then wrap the left yarn around the right yarn.

7. The parts of a loom.



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j u mm qum. i y k priorities for what to buyespecially since

qum x. (i m

m u, u yu

m loom

k . . . .)

s, yu y ? ey k

yu m, u my

. Yu

least 100 heddles on each shaftthe wider

, m

heddles yu .

Yu m y m reed. d

j qu z, u yu

u

. (The Weavers Companion, i,

2001, 1415, x .) t, 10- 12-

( 8- yu u

k y).

Yu u

warping board (or reel)doorknobs are not a

y uu. c

uy, k y x

m.

t m k , yu raddle.

t u u m.

a " m uu

, (s bk F,

6-9). Lease sticks y

you warp from back to frontsmooth at sticks

y u m

k .

Yu u boat shuttles

mmum z bobbins

stick shuttles ( u

12"). F m jyu , u

u y u

fy .

a bobbin winder mu. e

y u . (pu yu

y .)

a loom bench ju

y m

. i y yu u

.

Yu umbrella swift yu u y

m k. Yu

y m yu

y m . Ball

cone winders , u y

yu y .

What Equipment Do I Really Need?Excerpted from November/December 2004, Page 14


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a loom m

u

k .

t warp

y m . a

.

t weft z

y . a k u ;

k a shot.

Winding a warp y

mu

. Uuy y

mu

. t

m y .

The threading cross x m y

u y k

u

: /u

u/ . i

y m

m m ,

m

k m m .

a warping board qu m y

uy m

mm

m. w

u mu y

u . w

mm u 18 y

.

a warping reel u . sm ;

x u u

u m

m k . sm

z; z

x u u m

k . r

mm

u ( ,

m).

a swift x u

k y

u y

. a

mu m

u k

m

u . o y

Weaving erms

O u my.n y m y m m u ( yu k yu k m), u

dierent sources use the same words for dierent thingsor dierent words for

m . t mk m , uuy y

u , k , yu y

k m . t y mu, m

u qum.


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qu k

; k y

. a

y k m

u

.

a spool rack m z

m u my

. Mu uu

m m m

m

u

.

a cone holder m mu

u m m. a y,

k,

u u u

m m

.

a choke, choke tie, y m

around all of the threads in the warpusually

.

Lease sticks k

. ty

. t

m

k, k

y.

a raddle

y

(14"1" ). gu

, u

m u k m. t

um

m y

m. (r u

m u

m

u .)

a raddle cross m y u

m (

m u ). t um u qu um

.

t heddles , y , ,

. e

y u

. (bu y,

mm .)

t shafts m .

w ,

u . (Harness

mm u yym ,

u y m

mu .)

e k u shed. t

m y

.

t breast beam z

m y . t

m

y m.

t cloth beam (uuy) y

(mm

m) m

u.

t back beam z

k m u

y m.

t warp beam (uuy) y

(mm

m) k m

u.

Beaming the warp

m. t y uuy

uy k.


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Warping sticks m

u 18" k, " ,

.

Sectional warp beams m

u m

, uuy 12" . t

u y.

w u y,

tension box

y

.

Apron rods uy m ,

m, m, mm y

, m y . t

m m

m

m, , y.

Tying on uuy y

m u

.

t threading

u .

t u reed,

m

y . r z

by length and by the number of spacescalled

dentsper inch (i.e., 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18,

.). t

.

t beater m . i m y u

u u

. t

m

m k .

Sleying the reed

u . t

um um

m

densityor sett of the warp.

t sett um

inchusually abbreviated as epi. t

is the number of weft picks per inchusually

ppi.

a reed hook sley hook m,

, m u

u u .

Reed holders u k

y

m.

a threading hook ( heddle hook)

m

u

u u .

t treadles

mk m u /

m qu y uu.

t tie-up mu

/ y mk

qu y uu.

t treadling ( ,

qu)

, ..,

m.

t weave structure

u

, .., interlacement. i y

y, uu .

tm y y

. Tromp as writ m

m

( as drawn in). i

1-2-3-4; m

, yu

m , 1-2-3-4.


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Boat shuttles ( k k )

qu

bobbin ( ) u

. t u , u u

y u

.

Stick shuttles

uuy

m u u.

t u mu u m

u u y

x k. t u

mu ju muy.

a end-feed shuttle u

u (k u

). t u

ju

u.

Tabby u m

, uuy

, (

umm ). ty mm u

yym .


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w tm, w lm, M

auy: t m ! t

18 m u

. t

, y .

t m m k m-um ,

u k m m

. M, yu y

about whether or not the threading is correct

yu u .

t . o

yu u yu u .

a : Yu m

u . ey

, y my

- u .

h y y

.

Wind the new warpw m um

. i k

um uy. i yu m

x yu , yu

k m m, yu

. t k u 20" m

(p ).

ie One On:

Basics You Need to Know

. t k . p k

. b . t k

. r

. sk k u

. M k

. bm


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ake the new warp to the loomcu

k m. p k

u m m

yu y

(p ).

ie the ends togethers yu -

yu -, k

m

(p ). i uuy k u my

my

. t

k (p ). dm k yu k y

, m uuy u 1" .

cu, y k u

m (u y muy).

l mu k jy

; u y.

ake knots throughreed and heddlesw k (p ), m

k. pk u

k u my; k

u k . rm

k u m k

u 1" m . t k

u u (u 1" ) m

m u j k u

. d m

m x (p ). w

k u (p ), u

m k m u 1"

. t j m u

m y u .

Beam the warpw k u ,

u (p ). t

u m u k . pk

y u m

ju yu y . i yu u y m

k, k u u y

u. w

, uu

, yu y !

Some tipsa k y

m u k u y . i

uky. b u yu

mm k yu y.

a 15- , xm,

k m y y

h s.

a k ju u u uky.

t k u, u

mu m yu

y y m.

i yu y k yu

m , k

k uy y

yu m . Yu

m k

k m

!


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Fulled Wool Scarves

Multiple Projects on the same TreadingMadelyn van der Hoogt

t

, h s,

g, pk. b y

m (k

u y), quy

mk m k y

. Yu

my y

my. w yu ,

yu y u.

ying on warpsYu m k u m-

um

, y . t y

y- , ,

so it takes very little timemuch less than

C m uu y mk quk easy holiday gifts. Change weft colors for dierent looks on the same warp , ! smy yu ju

. t j y

mxmum u k u . t u -

uy , k, uy, m, .

. a g k my -

, u uqu

.

. a u

mk m u u

.


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u k y . F

m

y , b

c, Handwoven, nm/dm

2007, 1415.

t

m um

yu . ck um

uy. i y yu y , yu k yu

m m yu .

cu

m m .

p k u

m .

t, k

( yu ,

yu -), m

k. r x m u

u . t k

xy m

y . ey , m

m.

w k , m

k

m k

uu u y

. b u m

u k . g

m u

j k u . tu

k u k

, j m u u

. a , yu

uu.

Fulling Shetland yarnss y .

t u mk y y u ,

k.

w m

y m uuy,

m , uzzy, y y.


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. w 10 . . a . . t

-.

w 84 g

( ) 5 y . Uyu m

m Fu 1

pj -

-g.

a 6" u-

mu u ,

65"

Fu 1

. i u

mm i

: 5-1-4-3-2-1; 5-3-6-1-2-3. i

y

u k

k y k

k 1

3. bu y

( u

ufy ),

z mk

. tk u-

yu u ;

u

u. w

u

12" .

rm m

m u

6"

. p

: F m

mx ,

u 6 ,

4 y

( 1

- k u u

). t

u u

, -

u m ,

u k.

t

t

o o, 15-16,

m .

t : t u

u u ,

(i u y

u

k j). M ,

, m mu

ou p. a 4-mu

, k u-

y mu. w

u 6", m

y . r

quz u x . ly y. tm 34".

1

23

4

5

1

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 12 2 23 3 3

44410x

floating selvedge

weft colorwarp color

1. d


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Weave structure for scarvesp .

Equipment4- m, 9" ; 10- ; 1

u; y ; .

YarnsWrp: 2-y (1,800 y/), 420 y

(334 z), g

18, pk .

Wft: 2-y (1,800 y/), 167 y(112 z) , g

20, pum .

Yarn sourcesh s y h d

m m . (s

. .m.)

Warp order and length84 (u 2 ) 5 y

( 6" k-u, 42" m ;

m u ). a 80" .

Warp and weft spacingWrp: 10 (1/ 10- ).

w : 825".

Wft: 10 . w (mu

u m): 65" ;

12" .

Finished dimensionsamu u 6" x 58"

3 12" .

Project at a Glance


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14/2 alpaca/silk

80% alpaca, 20% silk

3,472 yd/lb; 18, 20, 24

22/2 nialin

60% cotton, 40% linen

2,740 yd/lb; 15, 20, 24

22/2 cottolin

60% cotton, 40% linen

3,000 yd/lb; 15, 20, 24

18/2 wool/ silk

50% wool, 50% silk

5,040 yd/lb; 20, 24, 30

10/2 merino/Tencel

50% merino, 50% Tencel

2,800 yd/lb; 12, 15, 18

75% yak, 25% bamboo

1,440 yd/lb; 8, 10, 12

Blends

30/2 silk, 7,850 yd/lb; 24, 32, 40

20/2 silk, 5,000 yd/lb; 20, 25, 30

2-ply silk, 1,725 yd/lb; 12, 15, 18

Silk

20/2 cotton, 8,400 yd/lb

30, 36, 48

16/2 cotton, 6,720 yd/lb; 24, 30, 36

10/2 pearl cotton, 4,200 yd/lb; 20, 24, 28

10/4 cotton, 2,100 yd/lb; 12, 15, 18



Cotton

10/2 rayon, 4,200 yd/lb; 20, 24, 28

10/2 bamboo, 4,200 yd/lb; 20, 24, 30

5/2 Tencel, 2,100 yd/lb; 12, 16, 18

5/2 bamboo, 2,100 yd/lb; 12, 15, 18

rayon chenille, 1,450 yd/lb; 12, 15, 18

Rayon Tencel Bamboo

20/2 wool

5,600 yd/lb; 20, 24, 30

18/2 wool5,040 yd/lb; 20, 24, 30

12/2 wool

2,980 yd/lb; 12, 15, 20

2-ply Shetland wool

1,800 yd/lb; 12, 15, 20

3-ply fingering-weight wool

2,800 yd/lb; 15, 18, 20

100% 2-ply spelsau wool

1,245 yd/lb; 10, 12, 15

8/3 wool

1,490 yd/lb; 10, 12, 15

Wool

8/1 linen

2,400 yd/lb; 15, 20, 24

tow linen singles

4,300 yd/lb; 20, 24, 28

16/2 linen

2,400 yd/lb; 15, 20, 24

20/1 linen

6,000 yd/lb; 24, 30, 36

14/2 linen

2,100 yd/lb; 12, 16, 20

10/2 linen

1,600 yd/lb; 10, 15, 18

8/3 linen

800 yd/lb; 8, 10, 12

8/4 linen

600 yd/lb; 8, 10, 12

8/5 linen

480 yd/lb; 6, 8, 10

Linen


Numbers after yd/lb indicate

ends per inch (open for lace,

medium for plain weave, close

for twill). These will vary

according to desired fabric hand.

Yarn samples shown here areHandwoven Editors choice

the yarns we love to use!

Build your stash! Take this guide toyour local yarn store to help you

choose new yarns to love plusidentify weavers all-time favorites.

A Weavers Guide to Yarn


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Determining yardage

Count systemThere are several methods for designating yarn

size from which yardage per standard weight can be derived. The

system most used for spun yarns is the countsystem. It is based

on the number of yards in a pound of a single standard strand.

Size 1 is the lowest count. Here are the yardages for size 1 of

some common fibers:

To find the yardage of a yarn of a higher count than size 1 (finer),

multiply the count times the yardage of size 1. For a size 20 (20/1)

cotton: 840 20 = 16,800 yd/lb

To find the yardage of a plied yarn, multiply the count times the

yardage of size 1 and divide by the number of plies. For example, for

20/2 cotton: 840 x 20 divided by 2 = 8,400 yd/lb.

Cotton, spun silk 840

Linen, hemp, jute, ramie 300

Woolen 256

Worsted 560

Knitting-yarn directorySuperfine (laceweight)

wpi yd/lb plain-weave setwool 3040 5,0006,000 1828

cotton 2568 2,0008,000 1540linen 2854 2,1004,200 1430

silk 30100 2,80017,000 1565bamboo, 3084 3,36012,600 1548Tencel, etc.

fine (fingering or sportweght)wool 1422 1,5002,800 814

cotton 1524 1,0002,000 812sock 1820 about 2,000 815

silk 1422 1,1002,000 812

DK (double knitting)wool 1116 9001,500 68blend s 1516 1,0001,250 810silk 14 1,500 810

bamboo, 1222 1,000 1012

Tencel, etc.

medium (worsted)wool 1012 6401,000 68

wl/blends 1013 8001,200 48

cotton 1013 630900 58

cot blends 1216 8401,000 79alpaca, 1218 1,2002,200 68

angora blends, etc.

bulkywool 610 250 46

wl/blends 610 280800 46

alpaca 78 490600 46

super bulkywool and 47 260420 4

wl/blends

Using wraps to determine sett

Wind the yarn around a ruler for one inch. Wind firmly

and evenly without stretching; dont overlap and

dont leave spaces. Count the number of wraps.

Balanced plain weavewraps per inch 2 = epi

Warp-faced plain weave wraps per inch 2 = epi

Weft-faced plain weave wraps per inch 3 = epi

Balanced 2/2 twill wraps per inch 23 = epi

To mix yarns, wrap the ruler with each yarn in the

proportion it will appear in the cloth. Wind more

than one inch and divide by the number of inches

you wind for an average of all the yarns.

Order of sley Dents per inchin the reed 6 8 10 12 15 20

0-0-1 2 3 3 4 5 7

0-1 3 4 5 6 7 12 100-1-1 4 5 7 8 10 13

0-1-1-1 412 6 7 12 9 1112 15

1 6 8 10 12 15 20

1-1-1-2 712 10 12 12 15 19 25

1-1-2 8 11 13 16 20 27

1-2 9 12 15 18 22 12 30

1-2-2 10 13 17 20 25 33

1-2-2-2 1012 14 17 12 21 26 35

2 21 16 20 24 30 40

2-2-2-3 1312 18 22 12 27 34 45

2-2-3 14 19 23 28 35 47

2-3 15 20 25 30 37 12 50

2-3-3 16 21 27 32 40 53

2-3-3-3 1612 22 27 12 33 41 553 18 24 30 36 45 60

3-3-3-4 1912 26 32 12 39 49 65

3-3-4 20 27 33 40 50 67

3-4 21 28 35 42 52 12 70

3-4-4 22 29 37 44 55 73

4 24 32 40 48 60 80

4-4-5 26 35 43 52 65 87

4-5-5 28 37 47 56 70 93

5 30 40 50 60 75 100

Sett (ends per inch)

ConversionsMeasurements (rounded off)

Linear

1 in = 2.54 cm

1 ft = 30.5 cm

1 yd = .91 m

10 cm = 4 in

1 m = 39 in, 1.09 yd

100 cm = 1 m

Weight

1 oz = 28.4 gm

1 lb = 454 gm

1 g = .035 oz

50 g = 1.75 oz, .11 lb

100 g = 3.5 oz, .22 lb

500 g = 17.6 oz, 1.1 lb

1,000 g = 2.2 lb, 1 kilo

To convert knitting-yarn

skeins to yd/lb

m/50 gmultiply by 8.3 to get m/lb

multiply by 9.14 to get yd/lb

m/100 g

multiply by 4.15 to get m/lb


m/250 g

multiply by 1.66 to get m/lb


A Weavers Guide to Yarn

Reed chart

Documents

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