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Different types of leakages what kind isyours?

1. OOZING - This means the water gushing from the earths crust due topuncturing of the source of water. This can be attended either by divertingthe route of water by yhe way of caouflaging it with stone cladding or bypolymer concreting with or withouy laminates.

2. SEEPING This is due to veins in concrete or due to honeycombs Ingress ofmositure in the building through veins etc and its movement within the bodyof structure is called seepage.

3. DAMPNESS The seeped water creates wetness in the surgace of structurewhich is termed as dampness.

4. LEAKING When the intensity of moisture ingress increases and water startsdripping from the structure, it is termed as leakage.

5. SWEATING

This is again a leakage of lower magnitude.6. POURING Water pours down due to big honeycombs or cracks in structure. Is

is controlled by using polymerized putty followed by sealing with loca screedor impregnation.

Objective of leakage control:

The overall objective of leakage control is to diagnose how water loss is caused and to

formulate and implement action to reduce it to technically and economically acceptable

minimum. Specifically the objectives are :

To reduce losses to an acceptable minimum.

To meet additional demands with water made available from reduced losses thereby

saving in cost of additional production and distribution.

To give consumer satisfaction.

To augment revenue from the sale of water saved.

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Water losses:The water losses can be termed into two categories.

1. Physical losses (Technical losses)

2. Non-physical losses (Non-technical losses/Commercial losses)

Physical losses (technical losses):This is mainly due to leakage of water in the net work and comprises of

physical losses from pipes, joints & fittings, reservoirs & overflows of

reservoirs & sumps.

Non-physical losses (Non-Technical losses):

Theft of water through illegal, already disconnected connections, under-billingeither deliberately or through defective meters, water wasted by consumer

through open or leaky taps, errors in estimating flat rate consumption, public

stand posts and hydrants.

Leakage Detection and monitoring:The major activities in the leak detection work in the distribution system:

Preliminary data collection and planning.

Pipe location and survey.

Assessment of pressure and flows.

Locating the leaks.

Assessment of leakage.

Types of Leaks

There are different types of leaks, including service line leaks, and valve leaks,but in most cases, the largest portion of unaccounted-for water is lost through

leaks in supply lines. There are many possible causes of leaks, and often a

combination of factors leads to their occurrence. The material, composition,age, and joining methods of the distribution system components can influence

leak occurrence. Another related factor is the quality of the initial installation ofdistribution system components. Water conditions are also a factor, including

temperature, velocity, and pressure. External conditions, such as stray electric

current; contact with other structures; and stress from traffic vibrations, frost

loads, and freezing soil around a pipe can also contribute to leaks.

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Underground LeaksThe underground piping on either side of a water meter should be maintained.

Leaks in underground plumbing can be caused by many different factors,

including rusting through from age or from stray electric currents from other

underground utilities that can prematurely rust metallic piping, driving overpiping with heavy trucks or equipment, poor initial installation, freezing andthawing of a pipeline, 5 leaking joints or valves, or transient high pressure

events such as opening and closing valves or starting and stopping pumps

quickly.

Signs of underground leaks include:

Unusually wet spots in landscaped areas and/or water pooling on the groundsurface.

An area that is green, moldy, soft, or mossy surrounded by drier conditions.

A notable drop in water pressure/flow volume.

A sudden problem with rusty water or dirt or air in the water supply (there are

other causes for this besides a leak).

A portion of an irrigated area is suddenly brown/dead/dying when it used to be

thriving (water pressure is too low to enable distant heads to pop up properly).

Heaving or cracking of paved areas.

Sink holes or potholes.

Uneven floor grade or leaning of a structure.

Unexplained sudden increase in water use, consistently high water use, or

water use that has been climbing at a fairly steady rate for several billing cycles.

If any of these conditions exist at a property, there may be a leak. If a leak issuspected, a professional leak detection company may be required to pinpoint

its exact location and a contractor hired to perform repairs. There are leak

detection service companies listed in the yellow pages. Any utility contractor

should be able to repair a leak once the location is known.