Leading MIS Researchers & Watershed Papers Students of MIS
696a December 11, 2002
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Table of Contents Introduction Section I:Database Section
II:Systems Analysis Section III:Collaboration & Communication
Section IV:Economics of Informatics Section V:HCI & Psychology
Section VI:KM, AI, & IR Section VII:Operations Research Section
VIII:Policy, Ethics, & Social Issues Section IX:Workflow
Conclusion
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Introduction What is our objective? What do we hope to
accomplish?
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Section I: Database
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Database Overview Databases permeate almost every aspect of
information systems Fueled an industry estimated at over $10
billion in the U.S. alone Database research underlies fundamental
advancements in a host of civilian and defense applications, as
well as progress in fields ranging from computer science to
biology
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Database Seminal Researchers E.F. Codd A Relational Model of
Data for Large Shared Data Banks. Communications of the ACM,
13(6):377-387, 1970. Peter Pin-Shan Chen The Entity-Relationship
Model: Toward a unified view of data. TODS, 1(1):9--36, 1976.
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Database Other Important Work Michael Stonebraker The design
and implementation of INGRES. ACM, 1(3):189-122, 1976 Operating
System Support for Database Management. Commun. ACM 24, (July
1981), pp. 412-418. Won Kim Integrating an object-oriented
programming system with a database system, ACM Conference
Proceedings, 142-152, 1988 Querying object-oriented databases. In
Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD, 1992.
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Database Other Important Work (contd) Salvatore T. March
Allocating Data and Operations to Nodes in Distributed Database
Design. IEEE Transactions in Knowledge and Data Engineering, 72,
305-317. Sudha Ram Heterogeneous Distributed Database Systems. IEEE
Computer, 24(12), 7-11
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Database Future Outlook Databases, though mature and
commercialized still have much to offer Some Future Research
Directions: Tools do perform rule validation and debugging
Extensions of Spatio-Temporal Data Storage Research Storage and
Retrieval of large, complex data types Parallel Query Processing
Optimization Integration and Security of Heterogeneous, Distributed
Databases
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Section II: Systems Analysis
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Systems Analysis Motivation The whole is more than the sum of
its parts - Arsitotle, Metaphysica
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Systems Analysis First Formal Notion Systems Analysis and
Design first proposed as a formal discipline in 1930s: There exists
models, principles, and laws that apply to general systems
irrespective of the relations or forces between them. - Ludwig von
Bertalanffy General Systems Theory. Foundations, Development,
Applications.
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Systems Analysis Key Components Mathematic Systems Theory:
rigorous deductions and confirmation (or refusal) of theory.
Systems Technology: vast realm of techniques, models, and so forth
Systems Philosophy: an organismic outlook of the world as a great
organization
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Systems Analysis Structured Analysis Logical representation of
the System Entity Relationship Diagram(ERD) Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
used to represent the key processes of the system Control Flow
Diagram (CFD) State Activity Diagram
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Systems Analysis Object Oriented Analysis Models the computer
to reality instead of reality to the computer Combines data and
processes into objects, which are then turned into software. Even
more easily understood that structured analysis by non- technical
stakeholders O-O invented by Ole Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard
(University of Oslo, Norway) Simula first O-O programming
language
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Systems Analysis O-O Benefits Can model more complex
applications Software has less bugs O-O based software can be
reused so easier to modify Unified Modeling Language (UML)
facilitates use of O-O analysis and design UML developed by Booch
Jacobsen and Rumbaugh
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Systems Analysis Future Trends Need to develop more formal
(mathematical) methods to ensure consistency between software
objects Especially important for the development and maintenance of
complex distributed systems
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Section III: Collaboration Technology
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Collaboration Technology Overview What is a Collaborative Tool
or GDSS? An interactive computer-based system which facilitates
solution of unstructured problems by a set of decision makers
working together as a group - DeSanctis and Gallupe (1971)
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Collaboration Technology Key Researchers Michael S. Scott
Morton Jay Nunamaker Judith Olson Murray Turoff Gerardine DeSanctis
R. Brent Gallupe Douglas Vogel Sirkka Jarvenpaa Wanda Orlikowski
Sara Kiesler
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Collaboration Technology Significant Contributions Michael S.
Scott Morton Morton, M.S.S.; and Keen, P.G.W. Decision support
systems: an organizational perspective. Addison-Wesley, Boston,
(1978). Morton, M.S.S.; editor, The corporation of the 1990s:
Information technology and organizational transformation. Oxford
University Press, (1991). Jay Nunamaker Nunamaker, J.F., Jr.;
Dennis, A.R.; Valacich, J.S.; Vogel, D.R.; and George, J.F.
Electronic meeting systems to support group work. Communications of
the ACM, 34, 7 (July 1991), 40-61. Nunamaker, J.F., Jr; Chen, M.;
and Purdin, T.D.M. Systems development in information systems
research. Journal of Management Information Systems, 7, 3 (Winter
1990-91), 89-106. Nunamaker, J.F., Jr.; Briggs, R.O.; Mittleman,
D.D.; Vogel, D.R.; and Balthazard, P.A. Lessons from a dozen years
of group support systems research: a discussion of lab and field
findings. Journal of Management Information Systems, 13, 3 (Winter
1996-97), 163-207.
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Collaboration Technology Significant Contributions Murray
Turoff Turoff, M. Delphi and it potential impact on information
systems. AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Fall Joint Computer
Conference, 39, (1971), 317-326. Turoff, M. Computer mediated
communication requirements for group support. Journal of
Organizational Computing, 1, (1991), 85-113. Gerardine DeSanctis
DeSanctis, G.; and Gallupe, R.B. A foundation for the study of
group decision support systems. Management Science, 33, 5 (1987),
589-609. DeSanctis, G.; and Gallupe, R.B. Group decision support
systems: a new frontier. Data Base, 16, 2 (1985), 2-10. R. Brent
Gallupe Gallupe, R.B.; Dennis, A.R.; Cooper, W.H.; Valacich, J.S.;
Bastinutti, L.M.; and Nunamaker, J.F., Jr. Electronic brainstorming
and group size. Academy of Management Journal, 35, (1992), 350-369.
Gallupe, R.B. Images of information systems in the early 21st
century. Communications of the Association for Information Systems,
3, 3 (2000), 2-16.
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Collaboration Technology Significant Contributions Sirkka
Jarvenpaa Jarvenpaa, S.L.; Knoll, K.; and Leidner, D.E. Is anybody
out there? Antecedents of trust in global virtual teams. Journal of
Management Information Systems, 14, 4 (Spring 1998), 29-64. Wanda
Orlikowski Yates, J.; and Orlikowski, W.J. Genres of organizational
communication: A structural approach to studying communication and
media. Academy of Management Review, 17, 2 (1992), 299-326.
Orlikowski, W.J. Improvising organizational transformation over
time: a situated change perspective. Information Systems Research,
7, 1 (1996), 63-67. Orlikowski, W.J. Using technology and
constituting structures: a practice lens for studying technology in
organizations. Organization Science, 11, 4 (2000), 404-428.
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Collaboration Technology Future of Collaboration GSS without
language barriers Need for bridging the semantic gap Distributed
Collaboration Facilitation problems Trust, awareness for effective
collaboration Virtual Organizations
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Section IV: Economics of Informatics and IT
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Economics of Informatics & IT Present Situation There is a
broad spectrum of work going on involving the Economics of
Informatics. For simplicities sake, weve broken it out into three
broad categories: The Economics of Informatics The Business
Perspective, The Economics of Informatics The Market Perspective,
and The Economics of Informatics The Developers Perspective. These
categories effectively cover the breadth of research. We did not
use the term e-Commerce as it both includes other aspects of MIS
and is poorly defined at best.
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Economics of Informatics The Business Perspective The 80s The
exploration of the Economics if Informatics in business was truly
launched in 1985 by Haim Mendelson and his seminal paper on Pricing
Computer Services. Pricing Computer Services Queuing Effects. Haim
analyzed the economic costs of delays in data processing, and
queuing, in a business context to evaluate the tradeoffs being made
between information technology investments and internal business
service levels. This was rapidly followed by a 1986 paper from
Timothy Bresnahan Measuring The Spillovers From Technical Advance -
Mainframe Computers In Financial Services Bresnahan sought to
measure the social gains of Information Technology. By analyzing
the demand curve and the willingness to pay for the high- speed
computers used in financial services, he inferred the social gains
computers and information technology could generate.