Leading Edge Design Competition Technical Analysis

Technical Analysis and Environmental Response ReportLeading Edge Net-Zero Design CompetitionRegistration No. 1-1104

Vertical slats are used on East and West screens, while Horizontal slats exist on North and South screens. User-operable, layered

problematic direct solar gain and also diffuse direct light.

The covered atrium/lobby, with its sliding gridded glass roof, partially opens to aid passive, stack ventilation cooling during hot days, while sliding closed on cooler days to increase heat gain, thus warming the untreated atrium space, creating a more temperate buffer space between the chilly exterior and the warm interior spaces.

South-facing photovoltaic panels line the stepped roofscapes to maximize southern exposure for energy collection. Also, the photovoltaic cells seasonally adjust their angles to optimize solar energy collection, which offsets electrical loads. Underground water storage cisterns are used to collect and reuse as much water as possible, though rainfall is sparse in the Long Beach climate. All spaces are excellent for daylighting and perform as purely daylit places in most climate conditions.

The building, in essence, is the site. Xeriscape surrounds the building and penetrates through it in its most interesting spaces. Xeriscape is light in color, reducing solar heat gain and is

permeable paving is used for exterior circulation, thus adding to the natural feel of the site, as well as responding to the climate. The building’s wall system consists of 8” CMU block with rigid insulation and a smooth natural concrete cover, colored of the warm earth tone native to Long Beach.

The Long Beach, California Workforce Training Center replenishes the energy it uses to embrace a tangible and instinctive net zero energy, while educating those whom engage it on the techniques of sustainable buildings and the importance of sustainable lifestyles.

Adaptive forms and interactive skins dance within the poetic relationship between the built and the natural environments by acknowledging technological marvels like PV panels, geothermal systems, and automated roof structures while giving a gracious nod to time tested sustainable strategies like thermal

student, the after-work class-taker, and the routine employee

reaches out and interacts with its friends. The cool ventilation on a warm afternoon; the warm touch of an operable wood shading system and concrete mass walls; the visual pleasure of vibrant yellows, Poppy oranges, and lavender blues heightened with

these stimulating interactions that the building speaks. A soul touching conversation between the rigid forms of man and Mother Nature’s whimsical tale reminds us of the importance of sustainable building and living practices.

The basic form-language of the center immediately adapts to the environment through its daylight + passive ventilation -friendly East/West elongated strips and its thermal mass + night

with the environment and climate through its interactive, pedagogic skins: Tranquil mass concrete walls store unwanted heat during the day and then release it into the cool night air. When evening falls, the building allows for off-hour spaces

community. Exterior operable shading screens cooperate with an open atrium to cross ventilate the warm summer building; Sliding windows and doors can be opened or closed by users in order to control heat gain, thus actively teaching diverse occupants to respond to climate.

while interior vents are closed and exterior vents are opened at

Mass to glass ratios on facades are responsive to both the metric amounts of sun the facade receives and the shading devices implemented over the openings. Wooden screens slide along tracks, adapting to lighting and ventilation conditions.

Project Narrative

Summary of Results : Technical Task

Technical Task #1 : Heat Losses and Thermal Performance of the Building Envelope

Technical Task #2 : Heat Gains and Thermal Performance

Technical Task #3 : Sun Penetration and Solar Control

Technical Task #4 : Heat Gains and Losses Through Windows

Summary of Results : Additional Calculations and Design Tools

Design Tables : Base Case Analysis

Design Tables : Competition Design Case Analysis

Environmental System Design : Sizing Calculations

Landscape Selection

Material References

Table of Contents

Birdseye perspective looking northeast on Long Beach Bouluevard

Birdseye perspective looking southeast on Long Beach Boulevard

Summary of Results : Technical Task

Technical Task #1 : Heat Losses and Thermal Performance of the Building Envelope

1.2 Building Envelope Summary Table 1.3 UA Envelope

1.5 UA Ventilation

1.7 Annual Heating Fuel Consumption

Technical Task #2 : Heat Gains and Thermal Performance

2.1 Heat Gains : Estimated for Summer 2.2 Heat Gains : Description of External Shading 2.3 Cooling : Established Temps + RH 2.4 Cooling : Plot of Temps + RH

Technical Task #3 : Sun Penetration and Solar Control

3.1 Determination of Solar Properties 3.2 Daylighting Study : Physical Model 2.3 Analysis and Summary

Technical Task #4 : Heat Gains and Losses Through Windows

4.1 Calculation of Heat Gain 4.2 Calculation of Heat Loss : South Glazing 4.3 Analysis and Summary

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

Building Envelope Summary Tables

UA Envelope

UA Ventilation

Annual Heating Fuel Consumption

Technical Analysis Task #1Heat Losses and Thermal Performance of the Building Envelope

Registration No. 1-1104 Technical Task #1 Technical Analysis Task

Roof Construction (R-1)- 8” Reinforced Hollow Core Slab R - 1.34

- 8” Expanded polystyrene, extruded

(smooth skin surface) (CFC-12 exp.) R - 40

Total Wall Construction R - 41.34

U-Value (1 / R-Value) 0.025

Glazing 2 (G-2)

Wall System 2 (W-2)

- 2” Expanded polystyrene, extruded (smooth skin surface) (CFC-12 exp.) R - 10 - 2” Light Weight Concrete R - 2.5



1

Wall System 1 (W-1)



1

Glazing 4 (G-4) Glazing 5 (G-5)

Glazing 4 (G-4) : South Facade 1/8” Low-e (.08) U - Factor .151/2” Krypton SHGC .371/8” Clear VT .481/2” Krypton1/8” Low-e (.08)

2

Glazing 2 (G-2) : North Facade 1/8” Clear U - Factor .491/2” Air SHGC .581/8” Clear VT .57

2

Glazing 5 (G-5) : East and West Facades1/8” Low-e (.10) U - Factor .311/2” Argon SHGC .261/8” Clear VT .31

2

2. Glazing type selected out of (5) total types evaluated

Wall System 1 (W-1) Wall System 2 (W-2)

Roof System 1 (R-1)


Technical Task 1.2 : Building Envelope Summary TablesArea and Volume Calculations

Facade Material Proportions

Atrium Wall Area Breakdown

1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor TotalGlazing Area 1,559 1,091 266 2,916

Opaque Area 1,861 1,717 1,522 5,100Total Facade Area 3,420 2,808 1,788 8,016

% Glazing 0.36

West Wall Area Breakdown

1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor TotalGlazing Area 963 190 186 1,338

Opaque Area 1,903 1,802 846 4,551Total Facade Area 2,865 1,992 1,032 5,889

% Glazing 0.23

East Wall Area Breakdown

1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor TotalGlazing Area 851 278 228 1,357

Opaque Area 1,699 1,858 480 4,037Total Facade Area 2,550 2,136 708 5,394

% Glazing 0.25

South Wall Area Breakdown

1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor TotalGlazing Area 2,360 770 280 3,410

Opaque Area 2,500 1,570 380 4,450Total Facade Area 4,860 2,340 660 7,860

% Glazing 0.43

North Wall Area Breakdown

1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor TotalGlazing Area 2,274 1,219 669 4,162

Opaque Area 2,586 1,469 1,191 5,246Total Facade Area 4,860 2,688 1,869 9,408

% Glazing 0.44

Building Volume Calculation1st Floor Volume

16,790 ft2 x 15 ft2 (height) = 281, 850 ft3

2nd Floor Volume13,176 ft2 x 12 ft2 (height) = 158,112 ft3

3rd Floor Volume7,891 ft2 x 12 ft2 (height) = 94,692 ft3

Total Building Volume281,850 ft3 + 158,112 ft3 + 94,692 ft3 = 534,654 ft3

2 F) x Building Volume (ft3)

0.73 x(ACH)

.018 x(Cpcty of Air)

534,600 =(Bldg. Vol.)

7,024 Btu/h ft2 F

Technical Task 1.3 : UA EnvelopeU-Factor x Area, for each element in the building

(4161 ft2) x (0.49 Btu/h ft2 F) +North Facade

(3410 ft2) x (0.15 Btu/h ft2 F) +South Facade

(1357 ft2) x (0.15 Btu/h ft2 F) +East Facade

(3410 ft2) x (0.15 Btu/h ft2 F) +West Facade

(1357 ft2) x (0.15 Btu/h ft2 F) =Atrium Facades

Heat Loss: Glazing

3,469 Btu/h ft2 FTotal UA Glazing

(5246 ft2) x (.035 Btu/h ft2 F) +North Facade

(4450 ft2) x (.035 Btu/h ft2 F) +South Facade

(4037 ft2) x (.035 Btu/h ft2 F) +East Facade

(4551 ft2) x (.035 Btu/h ft2 F) +West Facade

(5100 ft2) x (.035 Btu/h ft2 F) =Atrium Facades

818 Btu/h ft2 FTotal UA Opaque

Heat Loss: Opaque Wall

Heat Loss: Roof

(16054 ft2) x (.025 Btu/h ft2 F) =Roof U-Factor

401 Btu/h ft2 FTotal UA Roof

TOTAL HEAT LOSS THROUGH ENVELOPE

(3469 Btu/h ft2 F) + (818 Btu/h ft2 F) + (401 Btu/h ft2 F) =Opaque Walls Roof

4,688 Btu/h ft2 FTotal UA EnvelopeGlazing

Technical Task 1.6 : UA Total

4,688 +UA Envelope

+ =UA Ventilation

16,572 Btu/h ft2 FUA Total

7,024 4,860

Technical Task 1.7 : Annual Heating Fuel ConsumptionE = UA (Btu/h F) x DD value ( F day) x 24 (hr/day)

(AFUE) x V

E = 16,572 (Btu/h F) x 1606 ( F day) x 24 (hr/day) (.93) x 3,413

=201,239 Kw

Total Heating Fuel Consumption per year


by the change in temperature (DeltaT). However, in the competition design, atria act as a buffer from the exterior condition to the building facade, creating a moderate climate for a majority of the building. This

Technical Task 1.5 : UA VentilationUA Ventilation = # Occupants x .018 (Btu/h ft2 F) x 15 (Btu/h ft3/ min. / occupant) x (60 min/hr)*

.018 x(Cpcty of Air)

15 x(CFM)

60 =(60 min/hr)

4,860 Btu/h ft2 FTotal UA Ventilation

300 x(People)

case scenario.

The largest loss through the building’s envelope is through the north side windows. This is due to a higher U- Factor in the glazing. This was chosen strategically and allows for a greater amount of ambient or diffused light to enter from the north since the south is primarily concerned with preventing heat gain.

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

Heat Gains : Estimated for Summer

Heat Gains : Description of External Shading

Cooling : Established Temps + RH

Cooling : Plot of Temps and RH

Technical Analysis Task #2Heat Gains and Thermal Performance


Technical Task 2.0 : Heat Gains and Thermal Performance

General Building Data Collection and Charts, MEEB Table F.3, page 1610

Areaft2

S.H.G. PeopleBtu/h ft2

S.H.G. EquipmentBtu/h ft2

S.H.G LightingBtu/h ft2 (DF<1)Space S.H.G Lighting

Btu/h ft2 (DF>4)

Assembly (Fixed)

Dine (Sit Down)

Classroom

General

1,800

1,200

16,600

5,600

1,225

14

10.2

1.7

1.3

1.0

0.0

5.1

0.6

0.4

0.0

3.8

6.3

6.3

5.1

3.8

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.5

0.4

Sensible Heat Gains by Space (MEEB Table F.3 pg 1610)

Key Plan Third Floor

Classroom1200 sf

2900 sf

General1225 sf

Classroom3000 sf

Classroom1200 sf

Classroom1200 sf

Assembly1800 sf

Dine1200 sf

2700 sf

Classroom1750 sf

Key Plan First Floor

Classroom1750 sf

Classroom2900 sf

Classroom1200 sf

Classroom1200 sf

Classroom1200 sf

Key Plan Second Floor

Facade Material Proportions1

North Wall Area Breakdown 1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor Total Glazing Area 3,231 2,006 669 5,906 Opaque Area 2,949 1,522 1,191 5,662

Total Facade Area 6,180 3,528 1,860 11,568

1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor Total Glazing Area 3,231 2,006 669 5,906 Opaque Area 2,949 1,522 1,191 5,662


1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor Total Glazing Area 3,231 2,006 669 4,525 Opaque Area 2,949 1,522 1,191 6,169


1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor Total Glazing Area 627 186 186 999 Opaque Area 3,183 2,526 1,206 6,855


South Wall Area Breakdown

East Wall Area Breakdown

West Wall Area Breakdown

1

solar radiation, and thermal heat gain through the envelope.


Technical Task 2.1 : Heat Gains : Estimated for Summer

MEEB Table F.3, page 1610

Table F.3 Part A + B (Estimated Summer Heat Gains)

Assembly : =1,800 (SF) [ 14.0 (Btu/h ft2) + 0.0 (Btu/h ft2) + 0.4 (Btu/h ft2) ] 25,920 Btu/h

Dine (Sit Down) : =1,200 (SF) [ 10.2 (Btu/h ft2) + 5.1 (Btu/h ft2) + 0.6 (Btu/h ft2) ] 19,080 Btu/h

Classroom : =16,600 (SF) [ 1.7 (Btu/h ft2) + 0.6 (Btu/h ft2) + 0.6 (Btu/h ft2) ] 48,140 Btu/h

= 5,600 (SF) [ 1.3 (Btu/h ft2) + 0.4 (Btu/h ft2) + 0.5 (Btu/h ft2) ] 12,320 Btu/h

General : = 1,225 (SF) [ 1.0 (Btu/h ft2) + 0.0 (Btu/h ft2) + 0.4 (Btu/h ft2) ] 1,715 Btu/h

= 107,175 Btu/h

107,175 Btu/h / 30,000 ft2 = 3.5725 (Btu/h ft2)

Table F.3 Part E

=Total Window + Total Opaque

Total Foor Area(1.0 Btu/h ft2) =

12,514 ft2 + 25,340 ft2

30,000 ft2(1.0 Btu/h ft2) 1.26 Btu/h ft2

=Total CFM Outdoor AirTotal Foor Area

(16.0 Btu/h ft2) =300 people (15 CFM/pers)

30,000 ft2(16.0 Btu/h ft2) 2.40 Btu/h ft2

Ventilation:

Total = 3.66 (Btu/h ft2)

Table F.3 Part D (Summary Gains)

Part A + B + Part C = 3.5725 (Btu/h ft2) + 36.67 (Btu/h ft2) = 40.24 Btu/h ft2

Thermally Open Buildings (Cross-Ventilation, Stack Vent, Nighttime Therm Mass):

Part A + B + Part C + Part E = 3.5725 (Btu/h ft2) + 36.67 (Btu/h ft2) + 3.66 (Btu/h ft2) = 43.90 Btu/h ft2

Thermally Closed Buildings (Roof Ponds, Evap Cooling, Daytime Therm Mass):

Table F.3 Part C (Heat Gain Through Envelope)

Part C.2 (Gains Through Opaque Wall Surface)

=Total Opaque Wall Area

Total Foor Area(15 Btu/h ft2) =

23,340 ft2

30,000 ft2(15 Btu/h ft2) 11.67 Btu/h ft2

=Total Opaque Roof Area


16,054 ft2

30,000 ft2(35 Btu/h ft2) 18.73 Btu/h ft2

=Total Ext. Shaded Window Area


6,608 ft2

30,000 ft2(16 Btu/h ft2) 3.52 Btu/h ft2

=Total Ext. Un-Shaded Window Area


5,906 ft2

30,000 ft2(14 Btu/h ft2) 2.75 Btu/h ft2

Part C.1 (Gains Through Externally Shaded Windows)

Total = 36.67 (Btu/h ft2)

Part C.3 (Gains Through Opaque Roof Surface)

The design submitted for the competition further investigates the use of externally shaded windows and the amount of heat gain that can be avoided by choosing a glazing with a high U- Factor and a small SHGC. Also, the building utilizes high thermal mass walls which collect heat from the intense sun during the day and then releases the heat into the building at night lowering heat gain. And in addition to these

and shade the roof, collecting the suns energy to convert into electricity. For a more complete, in-depth, and accurate study of this calculate


Technical Task 2.2 : Description of External Shading

Summer Conditions

A wooden trellis, located on the south facade of the classrooms and shop rooms, not only gives the space an aesthetic character, but is also a strategic element in design. During the summer months, the trellis

the vines are full, direct heat gain is greatly reduced and the space becomes an exterior place on the site that is thermally acceptable during a time when temperatures can be a bit warm . Since this area is cooler, the users within the classrooms can then open the doors to cool the internally loaded rooms through cross ventilation. The vines also diffuse

Winter Conditions

During the winter, the trellis still blocks the direct solar gain from hitting the internally loaded spaces from the south. Since most of the vines

months, the ability arises to gain some solar heat, still making the space an ideal spot. Since the sun angles are low during the winter months, there is a screen provided to be completely operated by users. This screen will pull down to diffuse the direct beams and prevent an excess amount of heat gain.

Wooden Trellis


One of the main designed features throughout the building is the operable window system located on the south facades. This system contains moveable louvers as well as moveable window panes along a permeable track. This systems offers a variety of treatments depending on the environmental conditions. During the winter, for instance, the louvers may want to be moved out of the way to allow for solar heat gain to warm up the classroom spaces. When the louvers are moved during the winter, it allows for the low angle of the sun to penetrate directly into the classroom. To avoid glare, a rolled screen can be pulled down in the classroom, making desk area usable. However, since the outdoor temperature may not be ideal during the winter, the glass pane can remain closed, trapping the warmer air inside.

During summer months, it may be necessary to use the louvers to catch some of the solar heat before it enters the building. Since the class-rooms and shop rooms are internally load dominated it is important that the building be able to breathe and release some of the heat. When this happens, the windows can slide out of place and cross ventilation can begin to happen throughout the building, cooling the spaces and the users.

Moveable Louvers and Windows


When closed, the louvers trap unwanted heat gain from entering the interior spaces. Also, direct daylight that can sometimes cause unwanted glare on desk surfaces is also differed by closing the louvers. Any additional unwanted daylight can then be caught by an interior pull down screen. Also, the large doors that close off the atria from the street, utilize the vertical louvers. This allows for sunlight and ventilation to reach these spaces even when the building is closed.

Similarly to the previous louvers, these shading devices utilize

louvers are placed on the east and the west facing walls.Although it is typically not advised to place windows on these walls to begin with, some are unavoidable When open, these windows allow for both direct sunlight and solar heat gain to penetrate into a space to either warm or give daylight.


Technical Task 2.3 : Cooling : Established Temps + RH May-Oct : Min/Max Temp + Relative Humidity

Min.Temp Max.Temp Min.RH Max.RHMay 58 73 53 83June 61 73 58 85July 63 81 58 90August 63 83 50 85September 62 78 54 84October 59 73 55 82

Technical Task 2.4 : Cooling : Plots of Temps + RH

May June

July

September

August

October


Passive Cooling Strategies may include:

1. Shading the building from direct solar heat

cooling the building4. Using a high thermal mass, absorbs a majority of the solar heat throughout the day and then releases it into the building

at night, allowing space to not get overheated throughout the day when occupants are insideDesign Guidelines for Long Beach, California:

1. Heat gain from equipment, lights, and occupants will greatly reduce heating needs so keep home tight, well insulated (use ventilation in summer)2. On hot days ceiling fans or indoor air motion can make it seem cooler by at least 5 degrees F thus less air conditioning is needed3. For passive solar heating face most of the glass area south to maximize winter sun exposure, but design overhangs to fully shade in summer4. This is one of the more comfortable climates, so shade to prevent overheating, open to breezes in summer, and use passive solar gain in winter5. Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in summer, retract in winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning6. Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can extend living areas in cool weather7. Lower the indoor comfort temperature at night to reduce heating energy consumption8. Provide double pane high performance glazing (Low-E) on west, north, and east, but clear on south for maximum passive solar gain9. A whole-house fan or natural ventilation can store nighttime ‘coolth’ in high mass interior surfaces, thus reducing or eliminating air conditioning

11. Trees (neither conifer nor deciduous) should not be planted in front of passive solar windows, but rather beyond 45 degrees from each corner

13. Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather, if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes14. Locate garages or storage areas on the side of the building facing the coldest wind to help insulate15. Locate door and window openings on opposite sides of building to facilitate cross ventilation, with larger areas facing up-wind16. Use light colored building materials and cool roofs (with high emissivity) to minimize conducted heat gain17. High mass interior surfaces like stone, brick, tile, or slate, feel naturally cool on hot days and can reduce day-to-night temperature swings


The building really starts to work and breathe in the climate of Long Beach, California. By using thermal mass on the south facades, the building collects much of the solar heat throughout the day and then releases it back into the building during the night. This keeps the building from overheating when the occupants are using the space. Operability is also key. Not only do the louvers and windows move to allow for natural ventilation in the classrooms, but the roof and large doors on the atrium space do as well. When the building

of the year, the building can operate without the use of conventional heating and cooling. The atria work with the windows and louvers to create shading devices and to help prevent overheated corridors.

Diagram of operable doors at ends of atria

Diagram of building operability

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

Determination of Solar Properties

Daylighting Study : Physical Model

Analysis and Summary

Preliminary Sun Studies and Designs Options

Technical Analysis Task #3Sun Penetration and Solar Control


Technical Task 3.1 : Determination of Solar Properties

PEC SOLAR CALCULATOR SOLAR ALTITUDEAnnual Version, PG&E Energy Center South

Leading Edge Net Zero Competition

INPUT: ANNUAL SUMMARY: Degrees above Horizon

LATITUDE 33 33 °LA Hour DEC JAN-NOV FEB-OCT MAR-SEP APR-AUG MAY-JUL JUNESURFACE AZIMUTH (0=S,+E, -W) 0.0 00 °AZISURFACE TILT (90 = Vert) 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0TRANS @ NORMAL 0.9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0

ENTER DESIRED VARIABLE: 1 6 0 0 0 0.0 6.3 10.7 12.57 0 1.0 6.4 12.5 18.8 23.0 24.6

1 = Solar Altitude 8 9.7 12.0 18.1 24.8 31.4 35.5 37.02 = Solar Azimuth 9 19 1 21 8 28 7 36 4 43 7 48 0 49 52 = Solar Azimuth 9 19.1 21.8 28.7 36.4 43.7 48.0 49.53 = Solar Surface Azimuth 10 26.7 29.8 37.7 46.6 55.2 60.3 62.04 = Angle of Incidence 11 31.8 35.1 43.9 54.1 64.6 71.4 73.75 = Profile Angle 12 33.6 37.0 46.2 57.0 68.6 77.0 80.56 = Direct Radiation 13 31.8 35.1 43.9 54.1 64.6 71.4 73.77 = Diffuse Radiation 14 26.7 29.8 37.7 46.6 55.2 60.3 62.08 = Total Radiation 15 19.1 21.8 28.7 36.4 43.7 48.0 49.59 = Trans. Radiation 16 9.7 12.0 18.1 24.8 31.4 35.5 37.0

17 0 1.0 6.4 12.5 18.8 23.0 24.6The above spreadsheet calculates the major 18 0 0 0 0.0 6.3 10.7 12.5solar variables for a specific latitude and surface 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0

i t ti F i f ti t t Ch l 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0orientation. For more information contact Charles 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0C. Benton or Robert Marcial, The PG&E Energy 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Center, 851 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 094103 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PEC SOLAR CALCULATOR SOLAR AZIMUTHAnnual Version, PG&E Energy Center South


INPUT: ANNUAL SUMMARY: Degrees from South


2 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 117.6

ENTER DESIRED VARIABLE: 2 6 0 0 0 90.0 99.8 107.0 110.07 0 65.2 72.7 81.7 91.8 99.7 103.0

1 = Solar Altitude 8 53.7 56.3 63.5 72.5 83.4 92.2 96.02 = Solar Azimuth 9 43 4 45 7 52 4 61 4 73 2 83 6 88 32 = Solar Azimuth 9 43.4 45.7 52.4 61.4 73.2 83.6 88.33 = Solar Surface Azimuth 10 30.9 32.8 38.4 46.7 59.1 71.6 77.84 = Angle of Incidence 11 16.2 17.3 20.7 26.2 36.2 49.5 57.95 = Profile Angle 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 06 = Direct Radiation 13 - 16.2 - 17.3 - 20.7 - 26.2 - 36.2 - 49.5 - 57.97 = Diffuse Radiation 14 - 30.9 - 32.8 - 38.4 - 46.7 - 59.1 - 71.6 - 77.88 = Total Radiation 15 - 43.4 - 45.7 - 52.4 - 61.4 - 73.2 - 83.6 - 88.39 = Trans. Radiation 16 - 53.7 - 56.3 - 63.5 - 72.5 - 83.4 - 92.2 - 96.0

17 0 - 65.2 - 72.7 - 81.7 - 91.8 - 99.7 - 103.0The above spreadsheet calculates the major 18 0 0 0 - 90.0 - 99.8 - 107.0 - 110.0solar variables for a specific latitude and surface 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 117.6


24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PEC SOLAR CALCULATOR PROFILE ANGLEAnnual Version, PG&E Energy Center South


INPUT: ANNUAL SUMMARY: Degrees (in Section)


2 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ENTER DESIRED VARIABLE: 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 07 0 2.4 20.6 57.0 0 0 0

1 = Solar Altitude 8 16.1 20.9 36.1 57.0 79.3 0 02 = Solar Azimuth 9 25 5 29 8 41 9 57 0 73 2 84 2 88 52 = Solar Azimuth 9 25.5 29.8 41.9 57.0 73.2 84.2 88.53 = Solar Surface Azimuth 10 30.4 34.2 44.6 57.0 70.3 79.8 83.64 = Angle of Incidence 11 32.8 36.4 45.8 57.0 69.0 77.6 81.25 = Profile Angle 12 33.6 37.0 46.2 57.0 68.6 77.0 80.56 = Direct Radiation 13 32.8 36.4 45.8 57.0 69.0 77.6 81.27 = Diffuse Radiation 14 30.4 34.2 44.6 57.0 70.3 79.8 83.68 = Total Radiation 15 25.5 29.8 41.9 57.0 73.2 84.2 88.59 = Trans. Radiation 16 16.1 20.9 36.1 57.0 79.3 0 0

17 0 2.4 20.6 57.0 0 0 0The above spreadsheet calculates the major 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0solar variables for a specific latitude and surface 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9a 12p 3pJune 88.5 80.5 88.5December 25.5 33.6 25.5Mar/Sept 57.0 57.0 57.0

Solar Azimuth 9a 12p 3pJune 88.3 00.0 -88.3December 00.0 00.0 00.0Mar/Sept 61.4 57.0 -61.4

Solar Altitude 9a 12p 3pJune 49.5 80.5 49.5December 19.1 33.6 19.1Mar/Sept 36.4 57.0 36.4

19 1191919.111

19.1

33.6

43 4434343.444

- 43.4

0

25 5252525.555

25.5

33.6

57 0575757.000

57.0

57.0

61 4616161.444

- 61.4

0

36 4363636.444

36.4

57.0

49 5494949.555

49.5

80.5

88 3888888.333

- 88.3

0

88 5888888.555

88.5

80.5

Technical Task 3.2 : Daylighting Study : Physical Model

June Daylighting Study of Second Floor Classroom

9:00 amUntreated Window System

9:00 amWindow System with Moveable Louvers

12:00 pmUntreated Window System

12:00 pmWindow System with Moveable Louvers




December Daylighting Study of Second Floor Classroom








March/September Daylighting Study of Second Floor Classroom








Overall Photographs of Model

Overall Model : Exterior Photograph Overall Model with Sun Dial Shadow Chart

Overall Model : Electrical Tape covering seams Detail of Moveable Louvers


North Facing Windows and Atrium Space Overall South Facade


Technical Task 3.3 : Analysis and SummaryOne goal of any net-zero building is the utilization of glazing and shading systems that will allow for high quality natural lighting while minimizing the negative thermal impact of the sun. Our building is no different in its goal, but varies in the execution. As many buildings will have, at minimum, a set system for shading and glazing systems, and occasionally will have a system that mechanically responds

‘hands-on’ ways that the user can adjust their environments. This not only starts to account for human comfort variations, but also emphasizes the education of users on how the building’s systems work - a goal of an environmental training center. A student will learn hands-on that setting the system up in one orientation will cause the environment of the classroom to shift in comparison to another option (spaces can warm quickly, glare can strike on desk surfaces, etc.).

Our building started as a response to the solar angles on the site, and has steadily maintained that course in keeping the sun as one of the primary driving forces in the design. Aside from rotating the building forms for late morning sun exposure, we have taken other steps

rarely have to respond to the heat intensive, direct rays. Programmed spaces that are highest in interior heat gain like the auditorium and shop spaces, have been placed deep inside the space to completely eliminate direct solar gain. The building also responds to the need for daylight without solar heat gain by utilizing various shading systems through out the building. These systems are dependant not only

side of the atrium. This spaces features a relatively high amount of glazing on the south side, but due to the fact that it is in the shadow of the adjacent structure, a large percent of glazing is required to achieve an effective daylighting factor. By using these strategies and

passively heat and cool the spaces.


Technical Task 3.4 : Preliminary Sun Studies and Design Options

also allows for more photovoltaics to face south without being obstructed.

Overall site diagram illustrates main original ideas. Stepping up form to the north allows for photovoltaics and additional green space to be utilized by classrooms and shop rooms.

Simple section (looking East). Demonstrates preliminary ideas and planning for louver system that will eventually allow

4.1

4.2

4.3

Heat Gain through South Glazing

Calculation of Heat Loss : South Glazing

Analysis and Summary

Technical Analysis Task #4Heat Gains and Losses Through South Glazing


Technical Task 4.1 : Heat Gain through South Glazing

= Total Heat Gain=3,410 ft2 of South Glass x 1198 Btu/ft2 day 4,085,180 Btu/day

MEEB Appendix C, Table C.15 (page 1520 - 1525)2 per day

The Competition Design has incorporated and utilizes a number of shading devices to offset the heat gained through south glazing. The moveable louvers are located

move along the exterior wall and out of the way of the window. This allows for the classroom spaces to be warmed by direct solar gain when needed. To offset the potential glare produced by the sun, the shade screen can be pulled down from the interior side of the wall.

Technical Task 4.3 : Analysis and Summary

MEEB Appendix Table E.15 (page 1585 - 1586)

U window (Btu/hr ft2 *F) x 24 (hr/day) x change of Temperature (*F) = Heat Loss (Btu/ft2 day)=.15 (Btu/hr ft2 *F) x 24 (hrs/day) x (65 - 41) (*F) 86.4 Btu/ ft2 per day

86.4 Btu/ ft2 per day x (area of glazing) = Total Heat Loss

86.4 Btu/ ft2 per day x (3,410 ft2) = 294,624 Btu/ day

Total Heat Gain - 4,085,180 Btu/dayTotal Heat Loss - 294,624 Btu/ day

After doing these calculations on heat gain and loss through the southern glazing, it became clear that the amount of gain through the windows is exceptionally large relative to the loss through the same glazing surface. That said, the primary design strategy is to utilize exterior shading systems

we can greatly increase the amount of glazing area on the south facade, allowing for a higher daylighting factor. The operable shading system that we used, allows the user to have a large surface area of glazing which results in the ability to have an effective amount of Direct Heat Gain to heat

before it penetrates the interior space.

The above system will be utilized in a similar way in summer conditions. Despite a much warmer sun, the angle of incidence becomes much less

but due to the increased angle, will not be as drastic as one would imagine initially.

Technical Task 4.2 : Heat Loss through South Glazing

Summary of Results : Additional Calculations and Design Tools

Design Tables : Base Case Analysis

2.1 Location Plans 2.2 Base Case Charts

Design Tables : Competition Design Case Analysis

3.1 Location Plans 3.2 Competition Design Case Charts

Charts Environmental System Design : Sizing Calculations

4.1 Overall Summary for Base and Design Cases 4.2 Sample Months : January and July Summaries 4.3 Photovoltaic Demand 4.4 Water Catchment

Landscape Selection 5.1 Fifty Percent Landscaped Site 5.2 Why Xeriscaping?

Material References

6.2 Wall, Window, + Roof Materials

7.1 Monthly Comfort Level Assessment

7.3 PEC Solar Calculator - Radiation on North, East, South, West Facades7.4 Photovoltaic Panel Collection Rate per Month

Summary of ResultsAdditional Calculations and Design Tools

footprint with rules of thumbs for our variable entries such as 30% glazing, base windows and wall construction, and no shading devices. From

Although not totally comprehensive, our design tool allowed for an easy change and evaluation of the following design variables that we wanted to address for each space:

1. Percent of glazing in each facade2. Material U-Values 3. Number of people per space

6. General analysis of Atrium micro climate

per facade. These sheets were also helpful as they provided a more customized evaluation tool to look at the effects of having an open vs closed

and water collection to offset building energy use, and presents additional design decisions and features such as landscaping selection and material selection.

Design TablesBase Case Analysis

2.1

2.2

Location Plans

Base Case Charts

2.1 : Location Reference PlansThe dark gray spaces indicate the numbering system used to organize the additional calculation analysis completed

number, as well as use are listed.

106Classroom107

102Sit Down Dinning

101Assembly

103Classroom

104Classroom

105Classroom

Building Footprint (36%)

Xeriscaped Landscape (64%)

Registration No. 1-1104 Design Tables :Base Case Analysis

Calculations and Design Tools

First Floor Reference Plan

202Classroom

201Classroom

204Classroom

203Classroom

206Classroom

302Classroom

301

306General



Second Floor Reference Plan

Third Floor Reference Plan

2.2 : Base Case Analysis Tool



represent a typical building without sustainable variables. The numbers highlighted in gray are design variables used to compare and contrast between the base case building and the competition case designs. These variables informed our architectural decisions.

Further changes and adjustments were made during the design and development of the building. These excel tools were used in the preliminary development of the sustainable, architectural features, such as an exterior screen differing solar heat gain from the interior spaces.

Space #Envelope(Btu / h)

Internal Gain (Btu / h)

Direct Solar (Btu / Month) Month1

69,931 32,040 14,930,573 January90 15 0 1800 42,549 32,040 8,926,605 July

Heat Flow Through Envelope (Btu / h) = 69 931 42 549

101Assembly

General Space Input Data

Floor AreaEstimated# People

Floor to Floor Height Roof Area

(January - Loss) (July - Gain)

Summary of Gains and Losses for This Space

Heat Flow Through Envelope (Btu / h) = 69,931 42,549Horz. Length Total Surface Glazing Glazed Area Opaque Area

Feet S.F. Percent S.F. S.F. Opaque (Op-1) 0.074 Jan. Exterior 38North Façade 60 900 0.3 270 630 Glazing (Gl-1) 1.3 Jan. Atrium 43South Façade 60 900 0.3 270 630 Glazing (Gl-1) 1.3 Jan. Interior 65East Façade 30 450 0.3 135 315 Glazing (Gl-1) 1.3 July Exterior 90West Façade 30 450 0.3 135 315 Roof 0.025 July Interior 74

Façade Areas

(January - Loss) (July - Gain)Temprature Data ( ˚F )3Envelope U-Values2

January: 30,219 (Loss) July: 19,086 (Gain)

January (Loss) 270 1.3 630 0.074 0 0.025 38 65 10736July (Gain) 270 1.3 630 0.074 0 0.025 90 74 6362

[ (North Glazing x U-Glazing) + (North Opaque x U-Opaque) + (Roof Area x U-Roof) ] x [Ext.Temp5. - Int. Temp] = Total Btu/h

Envelope Heat Flow (Btu/h)4 =

Envelope Heat Flow = [ U (Btu/h ft2 ˚F) x A (ft2) ] x t (˚F)



[ (East Glazing x U-Glazing) + (East Opaque x U-Opaque) + (Roof Area x U-Roof) ] x [Ext.Temp. - Int. Temp] = Total Btu/h

[ (South Glazing x U-Glazing) + (South Opaque x U-Opaque) + (Roof Area x U-Roof) ] x [Ext.Temp5. - Int. Temp] = Total Btu/h


January: 346 (Loss) July: 135 (Gain)Infiltration (Btu/h)6 =

[ (West Glazing x U-Glazing) + (West Opaque x U-Opaque) + (Roof Area x U-Roof) ] x [Ext.Temp. - Int. Temp] = Total Btu/h

Infiltration = (ACH #/hr) x (.018 btu/ft3 ˚F) x (Space Vol. ft3) x t (˚F)

Total Btu/hJanuary 0.73 0.018 975 38 65 346

July 0.48 0.018 975 90 74 135


(ACH) x (Cpcty of Air) x (Space Vol) x (Ext. Temp - Int. Temp) =

Ventilation = (# People) x (.018 btu/ft3 ˚F) x (15 ft3/min. Person) x (60 min/hr)

Ventilation (Btu/h) =

(People) x (Cpcty of Air) x (CFM) x (60 Min/Hr) x (Ext. Temp - Int. Temp) = Total Btu/hJanuary 90 0.018 15 60 38 65 39,366

July 90 0.018 15 60 90 74 23,328

1. January conditions include Atrium Spaces that are enclosed but not conditioned creating a warmer winter temperature in the Atrium Spaces. July conditions open the Atrium Spaces causing the temperatures inside the Atriums to be equal to the exterior temperatures.2. Grouping the materials into north + east and south + west categories allows for variation in façade construction and glazing type. This allows for systems to maximize the efficiency of the façade with respect to orientation to the sun See Part I: Technical Task #1 for U-Value Tables and

4. Equation from MEEB (10th ed., Section 7.8(a) Design Heat Loss, p.203-204).5. January exterior temperature for north and south facades are determined based on the room location. Facades that separate interior space from Atrium Space use the January Atrium temperature, facades located on an exterior surface use the January Exterior temperature.6. Design Infiltration Rates (ACH) are taken from MEEB (10th ed., Appendix Table E.27 Parts B and C, p 1601) Assumed Medium Construction Type for Base Case Analysis and Tight Construction Type forfaçade with respect to orientation to the sun. See Part I: Technical Task #1 for U-Value Tables and

Wall Assemblies.3. Temperatures for January Exterior, January Interior, July Exterior, and July Interior are collected from Section 6 of the competition description. January Atrium temperature assumes a moderate winter temperature for the enclosed and unconditioned Atrium Spaces. This value was taken from MEEB (10th ed., Appendix Table B.1 p.1489) from Los Angeles that has a slightly warmer winter temperature.

p.1601). Assumed Medium Construction Type for Base Case Analysis and Tight Construction Type for Competition Design Case Analysis.

Internal Heat Gains (Btu / h)7 = 32,040 (January) 32,040 (July)

January: 25,200 July: 25,200Int. Heat Gains People (Btu/h) =

(Area) x (SHG) = Heat Gain Btu/h

Internal Heat Gain People = (Area) x (Sensible Heat Gain Btu/h ft2)

1800 14 25,200

January: 0 July: 0

(Area) x (SHG) = Heat Gain Btu/h1800 0 0

Int. Heat Gains Equip. (Btu/h) =

Internal Heat Gain Equip = (Area) x (Sensible Heat Gain Btu/h ft2)

January: 6,840 July: 6,840

(Area) x (SHG) = Heat Gain Btu/h1800 3.8 6,840

Internal Heat Gain Lights = (Area) x (Sensible Heat Gain Btu/h ft2) 8

Int. Heat Gains Lights (Btu/h) =

Solar Heat Gain Glazing (Btu / Month) = (Jan.) (July)

North FaçadeJanuary 270 0 1.00 0.79 31 0

July 270 151 1.00 0.79 31 998,457

Solar Heat Gain Glazing 9 = (Area of Glazing) x (Radiation Btu/SF Day) x (SC) x (SHGC Glaze) (Day/Mnth)

(Area Glaze) x (Radiation) x (SC) x (SHGC)10 x (Day/Mnth) = Heat Gain Month

10

8,926,60514,930,573

South FaçadeJanuary 270 1709 1.00 0.79 31 11,300,421

July 270 310 1.00 0.79 31 2,049,813East Façade

January 135 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,815,076July 135 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,939,167

West FaçadeJanuary 135 549 1 00 0 79 31 1 815 076



(Area Glaze) x (Radiation) x (SC) x (SHGC)10 x (Day/Mnth) = Heat Gain Month January 135 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,815,076

July 135 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,939,167

Month North Façade South Façade East Façade West FaçadeJanuary 0 1709 549 549

July 151 310 889 889

Direct Solar Radiation11

7. Heat Gain Coefficients from MEEB (10th ed., Appendix Table F.3 Parts A and B, p.1610).8. Sensible Heat Gain from lighting is based on the Daylight Factor for the space. Assumed

10. SC Shading + SHGC Glazing Values from MEEB (Appendix Tables E.15 and E.20, p. 1585 and 1590) 11.g g y g

DF < 1 for Base Case Analysis and DF > 4 for Competition Design Case Analysis 9. SHGC Base Case value assumes clear single glazed for January and no glazing (open windows) for July. For Competition Design Case SHGC is based on type of window best for facade. See Part I: Technical Task #1 for additional information.

)Data collected from PEC Solar Calculator created by Charles C. Benton, and Robert A. Marcial with The PG&E Energy Center, Pacific Gas & Electric Co., 1993. (See Part II: Reference Charts for worksheet).




30,632 25,920 11,163,767 January15 15 0 1200 18,867 25,920 7,910,515 July


Summary of Gains and Losses for This SpaceGeneral Space Input Data

102Sit Down Dinning

Estimated# People

Floor to Floor Height Roof Area Floor Area

(January - Loss) (July - Gain)Heat Flow Through Envelope (Btu / h) = 30,632 18,867Horz. Length Total Surface Glazing Glazed Area Opaque Area



Façade Areas Envelope U-Values2 Temprature Data ( F )3















July 0.48 0.018 975 90 74 135






July 15 0.018 15 60 90 74 3,888






January: 12,240 July: 12,240


Int. Heat Gains People (Btu/h) =


1200 10.2 12,240











July 180 151 1.00 0.79 31 665,638

11,163,767 7,910,515



10South FaçadeJanuary 180 1709 1.00 0.79 31 7,533,614

July 180 310 1.00 0.79 31 1,366,542East Façade

January 135 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,815,076July 135 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,939,167





January 135 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,815,076July 135 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,939,167


July 151 310 889 889









33,680 10,320 11,163,767 January25 15 0 1200 21,459 10,320 7,910,515 July



103Classroom

Estimated# People




















July 0.48 0.018 975 90 74 135






July 25 0.018 15 60 90 74 6,480










1200 1.7 2,040

January: 720 July: 720

(Area) x (SHG) = Heat Gain Btu/h1200 0.6 720









July 180 151 1.00 0.79 31 665,638

11,163,767 7,910,515




July 180 310 1.00 0.79 31 1,366,542East Façade

January 135 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,815,076July 135 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,939,167





January 135 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,815,076July 135 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,939,167


July 151 310 889 889









31,493 10,320 11,163,767 January20 15 0 1200 20,163 10,320 7,910,515 July



104Classroom

Estimated# People




















July 0.48 0.018 975 90 74 135






July 20 0.018 15 60 90 74 5,184










1200 1.7 2,040











July 180 151 1.00 0.79 31 665,638

11,163,767 7,910,515




July 180 310 1.00 0.79 31 1,366,542East Façade

January 135 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,815,076July 135 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,939,167





January 135 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,815,076July 135 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,939,167


July 151 310 889 889









77,523 25,800 22,464,187 January60 15 3000 3000 48,055 25,800 10,958,785 July



105Classroom

Estimated# People




















July 0.48 0.018 975 90 74 135






July 60 0.018 15 60 90 74 15,552










3000 1.7 5,100





January: 18,900 July: 18,900






July 450 151 1.00 0.79 31 1,664,096

22,464,187 10,958,785




July 450 310 1.00 0.79 31 3,416,355East Façade

January 135 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,815,076July 135 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,939,167





January 135 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,815,076July 135 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,939,167


July 151 310 889 889









45,277 15,050 16,208,951 January25 15 0 1750 26,761 15,050 8,454,928 July



106Classroom

Estimated# People



Feet S.F. Percent S.F. S.F. Opaque (Op-1) 0.074 Jan. Exterior 38North Façade 70 1050 0.3 315 735 Glazing (Gl-1) 1.3 Jan. Atrium 43South Façade 70 1050 0.3 315 735 Glazing (Gl-2) 1.3 Jan. Interior 65East Façade 25 375 0.3 112.5 262.5 Glazing (Gl-3) 1.3 July Exterior 90West Façade 25 375 0.3 112.5 262.5 Roof 0.025 July Interior 74









January (Loss) 112.5 1.3 262.5 0.074 0 0.025 38 65 4473112.5 1.3 262.5 0.074 0 0.025 90 74 2651



January (Loss) 112.5 1.3 262.5 0.074 0 0.025 38 65 4473July (Gain) 112.5 1.3 262.5 0.074 0 0.025 90 74 2651





July 0.48 0.018 975 90 74 135






July 25 0.018 15 60 90 74 6,480










1750 1.7 2,975





January: 11,025 July: 11,025






July 315 151 1.00 0.79 31 1,164,867

16,208,951 8,454,928




July 315 310 1.00 0.79 31 2,391,449East Façade

January 112.5 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,512,564July 112.5 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,449,306

West FaçadeJanuary 112 5 549 1 00 0 79 31 1 512 564




January 112.5 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,512,564July 112.5 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,449,306


July 151 310 889 889









53,959 22,680 15,735,621 January20 15 2700 2700 31,906 22,680 14,042,872 July



107Office

Estimated# People



Feet S.F. Percent S.F. S.F. Opaque (Op-1) 0.074 Jan. Exterior 38North Façade 45 675 0.3 202.5 472.5 Glazing (Gl-1) 1.3 Jan. Atrium 43South Façade 45 675 0.3 202.5 472.5 Glazing (Gl-2) 1.3 Jan. Interior 65East Façade 60 900 0.3 270 630 Glazing (Gl-3) 1.3 July Exterior 90West Façade 60 900 0.3 270 630 Roof 0.025 July Interior 74

















July 0.48 0.018 975 90 74 135






July 20 0.018 15 60 90 74 5,184










2700 1.3 3,510

January: 13,770 July: 13,770





(Area) x (SHG) = Heat Gain Btu/h2700 2 5,400




North FaçadeJanuary 202.5 0 1.00 0.79 31 0

July 202.5 151 1.00 0.79 31 748,843

15,735,621 14,042,872



10South FaçadeJanuary 202.5 1709 1.00 0.79 31 8,475,316

July 202.5 310 1.00 0.79 31 1,537,360East Façade

January 270 549 1.00 0.79 31 3,630,153July 270 889 1.00 0.79 31 5,878,335





January 270 549 1.00 0.79 31 3,630,153July 270 889 1.00 0.79 31 5,878,335


July 151 310 889 889









45,500 25,585 16,195,286 January30 12 0 2975 28,242 25,585 8,941,152 July



201Classroom

Estimated# People




















July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74 108






July 30 0.018 15 60 90 74 7,776










2975 1.7 5,058





January: 18,743 July: 18,743






July 306 151 1.00 0.79 31 1,131,585

16,195,286 8,941,152




July 306 310 1.00 0.79 31 2,323,121East Façade

January 126 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,694,071July 126 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,743,223





January 126 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,694,071July 126 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,743,223


July 151 310 889 889


7. Heat Gain Coefficients from MEEB (10th ed., Appendix Table F.3 Parts A and B, p.1610).8. Sensible Heat Gain from lighting is based on the Daylight Factor for the space. Assumed DF < 1 for Base Case Analysis and DF > 4 for Competition Design Case Analysis 9. SHGC Base Case value assumes clear single glazed for January and no glazing (open windows) for July. For Competition Design Case SHGC is based on type of window best for

10. SC Shading + SHGC Glazing Values from MEEB (Appendix Tables E.15 and E.20, p. 1585 and 1590) 11.Data collected from PEC Solar Calculator created by Charles C. Benton, and Robert A. Marcial with The PG&E Energy Center, Pacific Gas & Electric Co., 1993. (See Part II: Reference Charts for worksheet).windows) for July. For Competition Design Case SHGC is based on type of window best for

facade. See Part I: Technical Task #1 for additional information.worksheet).




32,378 10,320 8,931,013 January30 12 0 1200 19,759 10,320 6,328,412 July



202Classroom

Estimated# People




















July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74 108






July 30 0.018 15 60 90 74 7,776










1200 1.7 2,040











July 144 151 1.00 0.79 31 532,511

8,931,013 6,328,412




July 144 310 1.00 0.79 31 1,093,234East Façade

January 108 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,452,061July 108 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,351,334





January 108 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,452,061July 108 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,351,334


July 151 310 889 889









32,071 10,320 8,931,013 January25 12 1200 1200 20,383 10,320 6,328,412 July



203Classroom

Estimated# People





Façade Areas Envelope U-Values2 Temprature Data ( ˚F )3















July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74 108






July 25 0.018 15 60 90 74 6,480







Btu/h



1200 1.7


Btu/h1200 0.6




Btu/h1200 6.3




January 144 0 1.00 0.79 31 0July 144 151 1.00 0.79 31 532,511

8,931,013 6,328,412

Solar Heat Gain Glazing 9 = (Area of Glazing) x (Radiation Btu/SF Day) x (SC) x (SHGC Glaze) (Day/Mnth)10

10

January 144 1709 1.00 0.79 31 6,026,891July 144 310 1.00 0.79 31 1,093,234

January 108 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,452,061July 108 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,351,334

January 108 549 1 00 0 79 31 1 452 061

10

10

10

January 108 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,452,061July 108 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,351,334

January 0 1709 549 549July 151 310 889 889

11

Heat Gain Coefficients from MEEB (10th ed., Appendix Table F.3 Parts A and B, p.1610). Sensible Heat Gain from lighting is based on the Daylight Factor for the space. Assumed

SC Shading + SHGC Glazing Values from MEEB (Appendix Tables E.15 and E.20, p. 1585 and 1590)g g y g

DF < 1 for Base Case Analysis and DF > 4 for Competition Design Case Analysis SHGC Base Case value assumes clear single glazed for January and no glazing (open

windows) for July. For Competition Design Case SHGC is based on type of window best for facade. See Part I: Technical Task #1 for additional information.


(Btu / h) (Btu / h) (Btu / Month)32,071 10,320 8,931,013 January

25 12 1200 1200 20,383 10,320 6,328,412 July


204Classroom

(January - Loss) (July - Gain)Heat Flow Through Envelope (Btu / h) = 32,071 20,383



Façade Areas2 ˚ 3

January: 20,859 July: 13,796




5 Btu/h



Btu/h

5 Btu/h


January: 277 July: 108Infiltration (Btu/h)6 =

Btu/h


Btu/hJanuary 0.73 0.018 780 38 65

July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74

January: 10,935 July: 6,480Ventilation (Btu/h) =


January 25 0.018 15 60 38 65July 25 0.018 15 60 90 74

January conditions include Atrium Spaces that are enclosed but not conditioned creating a warmer winter temperature in the Atrium Spaces. July conditions open the Atrium Spaces causing the temperatures inside the Atriums to be equal to the exterior temperatures.

Grouping the materials into north + east and south + west categories allows for variation in façade construction and glazing type. This allows for systems to maximize the efficiency of the façade with respect to orientation to the sun See Part I: Technical Task #1 for U-Value Tables and

. Equation from MEEB (10th ed., Section 7.8(a) Design Heat Loss, p.203-204). January exterior temperature for north and south facades are determined based on the room location.

Facades that separate interior space from Atrium Space use the January Atrium temperature, facades located on an exterior surface use the January Exterior temperature.

Design Infiltration Rates (ACH) are taken from MEEB (10th ed., Appendix Table E.27 Parts B and C, p 1601) Assumed Medium Construction Type for Base Case Analysis and Tight Construction Type forfaçade with respect to orientation to the sun. See Part I: Technical Task #1 for U-Value Tables and

Wall Assemblies.Temperatures for January Exterior, January Interior, July Exterior, and July Interior are collected

from Section 6 of the competition description. January Atrium temperature assumes a moderate winter temperature for the enclosed and unconditioned Atrium Spaces. This value was taken from MEEB (10th ed., Appendix Table B.1 p.1489) from Los Angeles that has a slightly warmer winter temperature.




Btu/h



1200 1.7


Btu/h1200 0.6




Btu/h1200 6.3




January 144 0 1.00 0.79 31 0July 144 151 1.00 0.79 31 532,511

8,931,013 6,328,412


10

January 144 1709 1.00 0.79 31 6,026,891July 144 310 1.00 0.79 31 1,093,234

January 108 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,452,061July 108 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,351,334

January 108 549 1 00 0 79 31 1 452 061

10

10

10

January 108 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,452,061July 108 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,351,334

January 0 1709 549 549July 151 310 889 889

11







30 12 1000 1750 25,601 15,050 6,763,942 July


206Classroom




Façade Areas2 ˚ 3

January: 29,897 July: 17,717




5 Btu/h



Btu/h

5 Btu/h



Btu/h


Btu/hJanuary 0.73 0.018 780 38 65

July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74



January 30 0.018 15 60 38 65July 30 0.018 15 60 90 74











Btu/h



1750 1.7


Btu/h1750 0.6



January: 11,025 July: 11,025

Btu/h1750 6.3




January 252 0 1.00 0.79 31 0July 252 151 1.00 0.79 31 931,893

12,967,161 6,763,942


10

January 252 1709 1.00 0.79 31 10,547,059July 252 310 1.00 0.79 31 1,913,159

January 90 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,210,051July 90 889 1.00 0.79 31 1,959,445

January 90 549 1 00 0 79 31 1 210 051

10

10

10

January 90 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,210,051July 90 889 1.00 0.79 31 1,959,445

January 0 1709 549 549July 151 310 889 889

11







10 12 2975 2975 27,818 20,230 8,941,152 July


301Offices




Façade Areas2 ˚ 3

January: 39,762 July: 25,118




5 Btu/h



Btu/h

5 Btu/h



Btu/h


Btu/hJanuary 0.73 0.018 780 38 65

July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74



January 10 0.018 15 60 38 65July 10 0.018 15 60 90 74











Btu/h



2975 1.3


Btu/h2975 0.4



January: 15,173 July: 15,173

Btu/h2975 5.1




January 306 0 1.00 0.79 31 0July 306 151 1.00 0.79 31 1,131,585

16,195,286 8,941,152


10

January 306 1709 1.00 0.79 31 12,807,143July 306 310 1.00 0.79 31 2,323,121

January 126 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,694,071July 126 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,743,223

January 126 549 1 00 0 79 31 1 694 071

10

10

10

January 126 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,694,071July 126 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,743,223

January 0 1709 549 549July 151 310 889 889

11







30 12 1200 1200 21,679 10,320 6,328,412 July


302Classroom




Façade Areas2 ˚ 3

January: 22,070 July: 13,796




5 Btu/h



Btu/h

5 Btu/h



Btu/h


Btu/hJanuary 0.73 0.018 780 38 65

July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74



January 30 0.018 15 60 38 65July 30 0.018 15 60 90 74











Btu/h



1200 1.7


Btu/h1200 0.6




Btu/h1200 6.3




January 144 0 1.00 0.79 31 0July 144 151 1.00 0.79 31 532,511

8,931,013 6,328,412


10

January 144 1709 1.00 0.79 31 6,026,891July 144 310 1.00 0.79 31 1,093,234

January 108 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,452,061July 108 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,351,334

January 108 549 1 00 0 79 31 1 452 061

10

10

10

January 108 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,452,061July 108 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,351,334

January 0 1709 549 549July 151 310 889 889

11







3 12 1225 1225 14,721 5,880 6,908,972 July


306General




Façade Areas2 ˚ 3

January: 23,348 July: 13,836




5 Btu/h



Btu/h

5 Btu/h



Btu/h


Btu/hJanuary 0.73 0.018 780 38 65

July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74

January: 1,312 July: 778Ventilation (Btu/h) =


January 3 0.018 15 60 38 65July 3 0.018 15 60 90 74











Btu/h



1225 1

January: 0 July: 0

Btu/h1225 0




Btu/h1225 3.8




January 126 0 1.00 0.79 31 0July 126 151 1.00 0.79 31 465,947

8,661,672 6,908,972


10

January 126 1709 1.00 0.79 31 5,273,530July 126 310 1.00 0.79 31 956,579

January 126 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,694,071July 126 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,743,223

January 126 549 1 00 0 79 31 1 694 071

10

10

10

January 126 549 1.00 0.79 31 1,694,071July 126 889 1.00 0.79 31 2,743,223

January 0 1709 549 549July 151 310 889 889

11






Design TablesCompetition Design Case Analysis

3.1

3.2

Location Plans

Competition Design Case Charts

3.1 : Location Reference PlansThe dark gray spaces indicate the numbering system used to organize the additional calculation analysis completed

number, as well as use are listed.

106Classroom107

102Sit Down Dinning

101Assembly

103Classroom

104Classroom

105Classroom

Building Footprint (36%)

Xeriscaped Landscape (64%)

Registration No. 1-1104 Design Tables :Competition Design Case Analysis


First Floor Reference Plan

202Classroom

201Classroom

204Classroom

203Classroom

206Classroom

302Classroom

301

306General



Second Floor Reference Plan

Third Floor Reference Plan

3.2 : Competition Design Case Analysis Tool



form but implements various sustainable principles. The numbers highlighted in gray are design variables used to compare and contrast between the base case building and the competition case designs. These variables informed our architectural decisions.

Further changes and adjustments were made during the design and development of the building. These excel tools were used in the preliminary development of the sustainable, architectural features, such as an exterior screen differing solar heat gain from the interior spaces.




49,881 25,920 2,542,962 January90 15 0 1800 29,705 25,920 1,340,670 July



101Assembly

Estimated# People




















July 0.48 0.018 975 90 74 135






July 90 0.018 15 60 90 74 23,328






January: 25,200 July: 25,200




1800 14 25,200

January: 0 July: 0

(Area) x (SHG) = Heat Gain Btu/h1800 0 0









July 450 151 1.00 0.49 31 1,032,161

2,542,962 1,340,670




July 360 310 0.15 0.15 31 77,841East Façade

January 90 549 1.00 0.31 31 474,830July 90 889 0.15 0.31 31 115,334

West FaçadeJanuary 90 549 0 62 0 31 31 294 395




January 90 549 0.62 0.31 31 294,395July 90 889 0.15 0.31 31 115,334


July 151 310 889 889









14,416 19,080 1,951,716 January15 15 0 1200 8,616 19,080 970,670 July



102Sit Down Dinning

Estimated# People




















July 0.48 0.018 975 90 74 135






July 15 0.018 15 60 90 74 3,888






January: 12,240 July: 12,240




1200 10.2 12,240











July 300 151 1.00 0.49 31 688,107

1,951,716 970,670




July 240 310 0.15 0.15 31 51,894East Façade

January 90 549 1.00 0.31 31 474,830July 90 889 0.15 0.31 31 115,334





January 90 549 0.62 0.31 31 294,395July 90 889 0.15 0.31 31 115,334


July 151 310 889 889









18,002 3,600 1,951,716 January25 15 0 1200 11,208 3,600 970,670 July



103Classroom

Estimated# People




















July 0.48 0.018 975 90 74 135






July 25 0.018 15 60 90 74 6,480










1200 1.7 2,040











July 300 151 1.00 0.49 31 688,107

1,951,716 970,670




July 240 310 0.15 0.15 31 51,894East Façade

January 90 549 1.00 0.31 31 474,830July 90 889 0.15 0.31 31 115,334





January 90 549 0.62 0.31 31 294,395July 90 889 0.15 0.31 31 115,334


July 151 310 889 889









15,815 3,600 1,951,716 January20 15 0 1200 9,912 3,600 970,670 July



104Classroom

Estimated# People




















July 0.48 0.018 975 90 74 135






July 20 0.018 15 60 90 74 5,184










1200 1.7 2,040











July 300 151 1.00 0.49 31 688,107

1,951,716 970,670




July 240 310 0.15 0.15 31 51,894East Façade

January 90 549 1.00 0.31 31 474,830July 90 889 0.15 0.31 31 115,334





January 90 549 0.62 0.31 31 294,395July 90 889 0.15 0.31 31 115,334


July 151 310 889 889









48,445 9,000 3,725,453 January60 15 3000 3000 30,027 9,000 2,080,671 July



105Classroom

Estimated# People




















July 0.48 0.018 975 90 74 135






July 60 0.018 15 60 90 74 15,552










3000 1.7 5,100











July 750 151 1.00 0.49 31 1,720,268

3,725,453 2,080,671




July 600 310 0.15 0.15 31 129,735East Façade

January 90 549 1.00 0.31 31 474,830July 90 889 0.15 0.31 31 115,334





January 90 549 0.62 0.31 31 294,395July 90 889 0.15 0.31 31 115,334


July 151 310 889 889









22,842 5,250 2,710,380 January25 15 0 1750 13,466 5,250 1,487,226 July



106Classroom

Estimated# People












January (Loss) 75 0.31 300 0.035 0 0.025 38 65 91175 0.31 300 0.035 0 0.025 90 74 540








July 0.48 0.018 975 90 74 135






July 25 0.018 15 60 90 74 6,480










1750 1.7 2,975











July 525 151 1.00 0.49 31 1,204,187

2,710,380 1,487,226




July 420 310 0.15 0.15 31 90,815East Façade

January 75 549 1.00 0.31 31 395,692July 75 889 0.15 0.31 31 96,112





January 75 549 0.62 0.31 31 245,329July 75 889 0.15 0.31 31 96,112


July 151 310 889 889









27,018 5,940 2,868,752 January20 15 2700 2700 15,941 5,940 1,293,839 July



107Office

Estimated# People



Feet S.F. Percent S.F. S.F. Opaque (Op-2) 0.035 Jan. Exterior 38North Façade 45 675 0.5 337.5 337.5 Glazing (Gl-2) 0.49 Jan. Atrium 43South Façade 45 675 0.4 270 405 Glazing (Gl-4) 0.15 Jan. Interior 65East Façade 60 900 0.2 180 720 Glazing (Gl-5) 0.31 July Exterior 90West Façade 60 900 0.2 180 720 Roof 0.025 July Interior 74

















July 0.48 0.018 975 90 74 135






July 20 0.018 15 60 90 74 5,184










2700 1.3 3,510










North FaçadeJanuary 337.5 0 1.00 0.49 31 0

July 337.5 151 1.00 0.49 31 774,120

2,868,752 1,293,839




July 270 310 0.15 0.15 31 58,381East Façade

January 180 549 1.00 0.31 31 949,660July 180 889 0.15 0.31 31 230,669





January 180 549 0.62 0.31 31 588,789July 180 889 0.15 0.31 31 230,669


July 151 310 889 889









32,147 8,925 2,728,178 January30 12 2975 2975 19,459 8,925 1,473,293 July



201Classroom

Estimated# People




















July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74 108






July 30 0.018 15 60 90 74 7,776










2975 1.7 5,058











July 510 151 1.00 0.49 31 1,169,782

2,728,178 1,473,293




July 408 310 0.15 0.15 31 88,220East Façade

January 84 549 1.00 0.31 31 443,175July 84 889 0.15 0.31 31 107,645





January 84 549 0.62 0.31 31 274,768July 84 889 0.15 0.31 31 107,645


July 151 310 889 889


7. Heat Gain Coefficients from MEEB (10th ed., Appendix Table F.3 Parts A and B, p.1610).8. Sensible Heat Gain from lighting is based on the Daylight Factor for the space. Assumed DF < 1 for Base Case Analysis and DF > 4 for Competition Design Case Analysis 9. SHGC Base Case value assumes clear single glazed for January and no glazing (open windows) for July. For Competition Design Case SHGC is based on type of window best for

10. SC Shading + SHGC Glazing Values from MEEB (Appendix Tables E.15 and E.20, p. 1585 and 1590) 11.Data collected from PEC Solar Calculator created by Charles C. Benton, and Robert A. Marcial with The PG&E Energy Center, Pacific Gas & Electric Co., 1993. (See Part II: Reference Charts for worksheet).windows) for July. For Competition Design Case SHGC is based on type of window best for

facade. See Part I: Technical Task #1 for additional information.worksheet).




19,406 3,600 1,561,373 January30 12 0 1200 11,559 3,600 776,536 July



202Classroom

Estimated# People




















July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74 108






July 30 0.018 15 60 90 74 7,776










1200 1.7 2,040











July 240 151 1.00 0.49 31 550,486

1,561,373 776,536



10South FaçadeJanuary 192 1709 0.62 0.15 31 945,993

July 192 310 0.15 0.15 31 41,515East Façade

January 72 549 1.00 0.31 31 379,864July 72 889 0.15 0.31 31 92,268





January 72 549 0.62 0.31 31 235,516July 72 889 0.15 0.31 31 92,268


July 151 310 889 889









19,529 3,600 1,561,373 January25 12 1200 1200 12,183 3,600 776,536 July



203Classroom

Estimated# People




















July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74 108






July 25 0.018 15 60 90 74 6,480







Btu/h



1200 1.7


Btu/h1200 0.6




Btu/h1200 0.7




January 240 0 1.00 0.49 31 0July 240 151 1.00 0.49 31 550,486

1,561,373 776,536


10

January 192 1709 0.62 0.15 31 945,993July 192 310 0.15 0.15 31 41,515

January 72 549 1.00 0.31 31 379,864July 72 889 0.15 0.31 31 92,268

January 72 549 0 62 0 31 31 235 516

10

10

10

January 72 549 0.62 0.31 31 235,516July 72 889 0.15 0.31 31 92,268

January 0 1709 549 549July 151 310 889 889

11







25 12 1200 1200 12,183 3,600 776,536 July


204Classroom




Façade Areas2 ˚ 3





5 Btu/h



Btu/h

5 Btu/h



Btu/h


Btu/hJanuary 0.73 0.018 780 38 65

July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74



January 25 0.018 15 60 38 65July 25 0.018 15 60 90 74











Btu/h



1200 1.7


Btu/h1200 0.6




Btu/h1200 0.7




January 240 0 1.00 0.49 31 0July 240 151 1.00 0.49 31 550,486

1,561,373 776,536


10

January 192 1709 0.62 0.15 31 945,993July 192 310 0.15 0.15 31 41,515

January 72 549 1.00 0.31 31 379,864July 72 889 0.15 0.31 31 92,268

January 72 549 0 62 0 31 31 235 516

10

10

10

January 72 549 0.62 0.31 31 235,516July 72 889 0.15 0.31 31 92,268

January 0 1709 549 549July 151 310 889 889

11







30 12 1000 1750 14,964 5,250 1,189,781 July


206Classroom




Façade Areas2 ˚ 3





5 Btu/h



Btu/h

5 Btu/h



Btu/h


Btu/hJanuary 0.73 0.018 780 38 65

July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74



January 30 0.018 15 60 38 65July 30 0.018 15 60 90 74











Btu/h



1750 1.7


Btu/h1750 0.6




Btu/h1750 0.7




January 420 0 1.00 0.49 31 0July 420 151 1.00 0.49 31 963,350

2,168,304 1,189,781


10

January 336 1709 0.62 0.15 31 1,655,488July 336 310 0.15 0.15 31 72,652

January 60 549 1.00 0.31 31 316,553July 60 889 0.15 0.31 31 76,890

January 60 549 0 62 0 31 31 196 263

10

10

10

January 60 549 0.62 0.31 31 196,263July 60 889 0.15 0.31 31 76,890

January 0 1709 549 549July 151 310 889 889

11







10 12 1800 1800 10,574 3,960 1,072,536 July


301Offices




Façade Areas2 ˚ 3


Btu/hJanuary (Loss) 360 0.49 360 0.035 1800 0.025 38 65 6318

July (Gain) 360 0.49 360 0.035 1800 0.025 90 74 3744



5



Btu/h

5 Btu/h



Btu/h


Btu/hJanuary 0.73 0.018 780 38 65

July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74



January 10 0.018 15 60 38 65July 10 0.018 15 60 90 74











Btu/h



1800 1.3


Btu/h1800 0.4




Btu/h1800 0.5




January 360 0 1.00 0.49 31 0July 360 151 1.00 0.49 31 825,728

2,034,369 1,072,536


10

January 288 1709 0.62 0.15 31 1,418,990July 288 310 0.15 0.15 31 62,273

January 72 549 1.00 0.31 31 379,864July 72 889 0.15 0.31 31 92,268

January 72 549 0 62 0 31 31 235 516

10

10

10

January 72 549 0.62 0.31 31 235,516July 72 889 0.15 0.31 31 92,268

January 0 1709 549 549July 151 310 889 889

11







30 12 1200 1200 13,479 3,600 776,536 July


302Classroom




Façade Areas2 ˚ 3





5 Btu/h



5 Btu/h

Btu/h



Btu/h


Btu/hJanuary 0.73 0.018 780 38 65

July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74




January 30 0.018 15 60 38 65July 30 0.018 15 60 90 74










January: 2,040 July: 2,040Int. Heat Gains People (Btu/h) =


Btu/h1200 1.7


Btu/h1200 0.6




Btu/h1200 0.7




January 240 0 1.00 0.49 31 0July 240 151 1.00 0.49 31 550,486

1,561,373 776,536


10

January 192 1709 0.62 0.15 31 945,993July 192 310 0.15 0.15 31 41,515

January 72 549 1.00 0.31 31 379,864July 72 889 0.15 0.31 31 92,268

January 72 549 0 62 0 31 31 235 516

10

10

10

January 72 549 0.62 0.31 31 235,516July 72 889 0.15 0.31 31 92,268

January 0 1709 549 549July 151 310 889 889

11







3 12 1225 1225 6,363 1,715 733,292 July


306General




Façade Areas2 ˚ 3





5 Btu/h



Btu/h

5 Btu/h



Btu/h


Btu/hJanuary 0.73 0.018 780 38 65

July 0.48 0.018 780 90 74

January: 1,312 July: 778Ventilation (Btu/h) =


January 3 0.018 15 60 38 65July 3 0.018 15 60 90 74











Btu/h



1225 1

January: 0 July: 0

Btu/h1225 0




Btu/h1225 0.4




January 210 0 1.00 0.49 31 0July 210 151 1.00 0.49 31 481,675

1,545,687 733,292


10

January 168 1709 0.62 0.15 31 827,744July 168 310 0.15 0.15 31 36,326

January 84 549 1.00 0.31 31 443,175July 84 889 0.15 0.31 31 107,645

January 84 549 0 62 0 31 31 274 768

10

10

10

January 84 549 0.62 0.31 31 274,768July 84 889 0.15 0.31 31 107,645

January 0 1709 549 549July 151 310 889 889

11






Environmental System DesignSizing Calculations

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

Overall Summary for Base and Design Cases

Sample Months : January and July Summaries

Photovoltaic Demand

Water Catchment and Conservation

4.1 : Overall Summary for Base and Design Cases

These numbers are calculated totals for the entire building set up in both the January (Closed) and July (Open)

improvements made to the building that resulted in the greatest positive impact.

632,629 363,127 -269,503 388,347 219,639 -168,708

250,155 106,640 -143,515 250,155 106,640 -143,515

166,255,483 25,603,000 -140,652,484 80,365,674 15,032,489 -65,333,185

Envelope Heat Flow

Heat Flow Envelope

Primary Changes Includeconstruction (Decreases Heat Flow). 3. Switched to more efficient windows systems and selected systems most appropriate for different facades (Decreases Heat Flow).

Internal Heat Gains

Heat Flow Ventilation

Total Env. Heat Flow

People

Equipment

Lights

Total Internal GainsPrimary Changes Include :

ghts)

Solar Heat Gains Through Glazing

Primary Changes Include: 1. Designed operable glazing and shading systems for all Facades (Decreases Direct Solar Heat Gain)Total Solar Heat Gains

Registration No. 1-1104 System Sizing Calculations Calculations and Design Tools

4.2 : Sample Months : January and July Summaries

These numbers were used as a rough estimation to size the Ground Source Heat Pump and Photovoltaic systems throughout the site. For the months of January and July, the maximum Btu/h’s for the Envelope Heat Flow and the

throughout the month). The monthly totals were then added to the Solar Heat Gain for the month to equal a Total Monthly Flow of Btu’s throughout the building.

Total Total

47,688,543 -53,907,970

Total Total

278,310,594 122,392,929

January Monthly Totals


Hrly Total (Btu/h x 10 Hrs of Use/Day x 31 days/month =


Total Solar Heat Gains

Total Monthly Flow(Btu/Mnth)

Analysis: According the Base Case calculations, the building would actually be overheated for the month of January. By implementingsimple design strategies (for example: wall systems with higher R - Values, shading devices over glazing, and increase the DaylightFactor) the building needs to be heated during the winter months. Additional fine tuning could be done to offset the heating need withsolar heat gain.

July Monthly Totals



Analysis: By comparing the Base Case to the Design Case calculations, it is obvious to see the decreased flow of Btus through the building.Since the exterior temperature is warmer than the interior, the envelope heat flow is calculated as a gain for the month of July, unlike January

Gains are based off of a maximum occupancy, which would only happen a few hours of the day.


Total Solar Heat Gains

Total Monthly Flow(Btu/Mnth)


4.3 : Photovoltaic Demand

According to the chart of page 75 of the book Sun, Wind, and Light by G.Z. Brown and Mark DeKay, the square footage

scenario. All three loads were then combined to calculate the required number of photovoltaic panels needed to offset the electricity load needed by the the competition design.

rea o S ace(Square Feet)

Ty . Energy ate Energy e . y S ace est Energy ate Energy e . y S ace

(square feet) x (watt hours/sf, day) (watt hours/sf, day) (watt hours/sf, day) (watt hours/sf, day)

16,000 12.46 199,360 1.99 31,8401,500 12.54 18,810 2.01 3,0155,000 15.19 75,950 2.43 12,150500 11.49 5,745 1.84 920

2,000 14.87 29,740 3.57 7,1405,000 12.86 64,300 2.06 10,300



(square feet) x (watt hours/sf, day) = (watt hours/day) (watt hours/sf, day) = (watt hours/day)16,000 1.37 21,920 0.82 13,1201,500 1.04 1,560 0.63 9455,000 3.13 15,650 1.88 9,400500 1.21 605 0.72 360

2,000 2.49 4,980 1.49 2,9805,000 2.41 12,050 1.45 7,250



(square feet) x (watt hours/sf, day) = (watt hours/day) (watt hours/sf, day) = (watt hours/day)16,000 1.81 28,960 1.29 20,6401,500 0.24 360 0.18 2705,000 4.88 24,400 3.15 15,750500 1.21 605 1.84 920

12,000 1.75 3,500 0.66 1,3205,000 0.74 3,700 0.52 2,600

Assembly

Electrical Load - Lighting

S ace Ty e

Education

OfficeWarehouse

Food ServiceOther - Restrooms

Total

Total

Electrical Load - Office Equipment

S ace Ty e

EducationAssembly

Food ServiceOther - Restrooms

Electrical Load - Plug

EducationAssembly

Office

S ace Ty e

Other - Restrooms

Warehouse

Total

OfficeWarehouse

Food Service


Energy Req'd by Space(wh/day)

Conversion Rate Energy Req'd by Space

(watt hours/day) / (1kW/1000 watt hours) = (kWh/day)

65,365 1,000 6534,055 1,000 3441,500 1,000 42

141

Energy Req'd by Space(kWh/day)

Conversion Rate 31 days = 1 month

Energy Req. by Space(kWh/month)

(kWh/day) x (31 days/1 month) = (kWh/month)

Energy Needed(KWh/Month)

Rate PV PanelCollects(KWh/Mnth)

Conversion Rate (100 SqFt PV Panels)

(kW hours/month) (kWh/month) x (100)

4,371 117 100

4,371 121 100

4,371 152 100

4371 169 100

4,371 171 100

4,371 164 100

4,371 186 100

4,371 186 100

4,371 161 100

4,371 144 100

4,371 123 100

4,371 115 100

Month

Febuary

4,371

January

141

Loads

Loads

Total Electrical Load per Month

The total energy required for the lighting, plug, and office equipment in kWh/day was then multiplied by 31 to get the overall amount of kWhfor one month.

Photovoltaics needed to counter balance Monthly Electrical Load

31

March

Total Electrical Load per Day

PV Area Required(Square Feet)

3,801

3,554

= (square feet)

3,736

3,612

2,876

September

October

November

December

April

May

June

July

The total number of kWh required by each month is then multiplied by the rate a typical one axis tracking photovoltaic panel with a DC rating of one wouldCA). To get the amount

Photovoltiacs into a simple 10'x10' panel, the number was multipied by 100. The end amount is the total number of photovoltaics in square feet needed to offset the lighting, plug, and office equipment loads. Since December has the lowest collection rate, the amount of PVs needed in December is the highest; therefore, the design shall incorporate the amount of PVs December needs to insure all months are covered.

Total

Lighting, Plug, + Office Equip. Load

Total Lighting LoadTotal Plug Load

Total Of. Equip. Load

2,586

3,035

2,350

2,556

2,350

2,715

2,665

The required amount of energy required per lighting, plug, and office equipment load is in total watt hours per day. The overall number was divided by 1000 to get the total loads into kWh/day. The three numbers were then added to have the overall energry required in kWh/day.

August


4.4 : Water Catchment and Conservation


Since Long Beach, California receives a little over 11 inches of rainfall per year, it is important to collect and storage as much water as possible in order to help carry the water load of the building. By collecting the water that would typically

building. However, it is important to note that even by collecting all the water that would hit the roof surface, it will not be

ain all(inches/month)

ain all(feet/month)

oo rea(Square Feet)

ain ater Collection(ft3/month)

ain ater Collection(gallons)

(inches/month) / (1 foot/ 12 inches) x (roof sq. ft.) = cu. feet of rain/month x 7.5 gallon conversion

2.95 0.25 18,000 4425 33,188

3.01 0.25 18,000 4,515 33,863

2.43 0.20 18,000 3,645 27,338

0.60 0.05 18,000 900 6,750

0.23 0.02 18,000 345 2,588

0.08 0.01 18,000 120 900

0.02 0.00 18,000 30 225

0.10 0.01 18,000 150 1,125

0.24 0.02 18,000 360 2,700

0.40 0.03 18,000 600 4,500

1.12 0.09 18,000 1,680 12,600

1.76 0.15 18,000 2,640 19,800

33,863 gallons

/ 5 rooftops = cisterns gallons each

= 40,000 gallon cistern

40,000 gallon cistern

*most gallons collected /month.

Use for sizing.

Rounding up to 40,000 from 33,863 is quite a jump. However, with the months of January and February both receiving the most rainfallthroughout the year, it is important to create space for overflow incase Long Beach receives more precipitation than the average. To keep sizing estimates simple, the overall 40,000 gallons was divided by five since there are five major rooftops which will be collecting a majority of the rainfall.

March

November

DecemberAverage rainfall by month is according to Climate Consultant, as listed in the Competition Statement, and then verified by www.weather.com. The average in inches was divided by 12 to turn the number into feet; after that, multiplied by an approximate roof area of 18,000 square feet to get the over all cubic feet of rain per month. Finally, that number was multiplied by the conversation rate of 7.5 to transform cubic feet into gallons. The gray bar denotes the months that receive the most rainfall and would require the largest cistern to collect and hold the precipitation.

Approximating Cistern Sizing

August

September

October

April

May

June

July

Water Conservation

February

onth

January

5.1

5.2

5.3

Fifty Percent Landscaped Site

Why Xeriscaping?

Landscape Selection

1072

102Sit Down Dinning - 1370 ft2

101Assembly - 1880 ft2

106Classroom - 2010 ft2




Registration No. 1-1104 Landscape Selection Calculations and Design Tools

5.1 : Fifty Percent Landscaped Site

Building Footprint - 36%

Xeriscaped Landscape - 64%

landscaping purposes. As shown below, 64% of the site has been devoted to xeriscaping techniques. The atrium spaces and the walkway have been claimed as exterior space as their conditions are affected by the environment. Although these spaces are covered, they are unconditioned and will have outdoor ground cover and the ability to grow plants.

Diagrammatic Site Plan

2473 +2010 + 1370 + 1880 +1370 + 1285 + 3040 (ft2) = 13,428 ft2

Site Square Footage =37,223 ft2

How the landscape of a site is designed can make or break the overall aesthetic of a building.

For this site in Long Beach, California the site begs for a certain amount of local and native landscape to act and feel according to its surrounding climate. To accomplish this, xeriscaping techniques have been implemented into the design of the landscaping throughout the site. The word xeriscaping comes

xeriscaping is much more than dried dirt and cacti.

Southern California receives a little more than 11 inches of rainfall annually with a high concentration of the precipitation falling during the winter months. This means that most all plants in this area must be draught tolerant to last through the summer. By using native plants that were made to sustain in these harsh conditions, owners do not have to worry about watering or tending to plants on a daily basis. By not watering during the dry season, owners will see an immediate cost savings through lower water bills. Also, xeriscaping typically requires less fertilizing and pest control measures than traditional landscapes. Using less of these, not only saves money, but does not introduce harmful toxins into the air and water stream.

Part 2.2 : Why Xeriscaping?


The Muhlenbergia Rigens or more commonly known as Deer Grass is an evergreen grass that is one of the most cherished species of

feet tall and up to six feet wide. The Deer Grass will be planted on the northeast corner of the site to block and soften the training center from the residential neighborhood directly next door. The drought resistant grass looks very similar to a pincushion throughout many months of the year.

The Ceanothus Glorious is a low growing or creeping evergreen shrub that will not reach a height higher than four feet but will

building.

The Galvezia Speciosais

and three feet wide. This drought tolerant species adapts easily to many soil

few reasons this plant was chosen for this site.

The Ribes Aureum or Golden Currant is a drought tolerant and adaptable deciduous shrub that blooms during the mid winter months. The Golden Currant can reach heights up to ten feet tall and forms clusters of

implemented on the site. The two complementary colors of yellow and lavender blue will add a vibrant addition to the landscaping during the winter and spring months.


The Rudbeckia Hirta or more commonly known as a Black-eyed Susan is a small perennial plant reaching one to three feet in height. The Black-eyed Susan preforms best in fun sun or partial shade and can thrive

of drought. These conditions would potentially allow this plant species to be planted in the covered atrium bringing color and life into the building. The Black-eyed Susan has a bloom season from Summer into the Fall during

The Eriogonum Giganteum (St. Catherine’s Lace) is native

northwest of Long Beach. This evergreen shrub does well in full or partial sun, a perfect opportunity for the site. The St. Catherine’s Lace is a large used typically to complement the other species planted nearby. Reach

bloom for the last half of the year (May to December).

The Heliantatrichon Sempervierens is more commonly known as the Blue Oat Grass. Originally a native of the western Mediterranean, a similar climate to Long Beach, California, this small bunch grass grows to be around one foot in height. This small plant has a blue hue and mixes perfectly with other plant species found locally, like the Black-eyed Susan.

The Festuca California (California Fescue) is an evergreen perennial that is drought tolerant plant grown throughout much of California. The evergreen portion can grow to be up to two feet tall. The plant’s yellow

plant height, while in bloom, approximately four feet. The commonly known California Fescue will be used as ground cover around the building to soften the area in direct relation to the building.


Commonly known as a Western Red-bud, the Cercis Occidentalisclaims to be beautiful in all seasons. This drought tolerant, multi-trunked tree is highly ornamental. Dozens of purple blossoms bloom during the spring time, followed by long seed pods that start out lime green and transform into a purple-ish brown. Typically this small tree will not grow more than 20 feet and will provide variance in height and in color throughout the site. The nectar produced by the Western Red-bud will also attract hummingbirds to the site.

The Cycas Revoluta is also known as the Sago Palm. The Sago Palms usually have sturdy and erect trucks that are one to two feet in diameter. When this plant is at a reproductive ago, it’s leaves will become

drought tolerant plant and can be grown both in ground or in a potted setting (at least 16 inches deep). By placing this plant species in the atrium of the buildings, it will receive enough sunlight throughout the year to help enforce the exterior space within the building’s design.

The Washingtonia Filifera is a staple in Californian landscape. Commonly known as the California Fan Palm, the tree will grow up to 60 feet tall with a spread of 15 feet at the top. Typically, it will produce up to 30 gray-green fan shaped leaves, ranging in length from three to six feet

tolerant tree and preforms well in well-drained soil.

The or the Peppermint Tree is a deciduous tree the grows between 25 and 35 feet tall. During the spring and the summer

drought tolerant tree is also hardy into the mid 20 degrees temperature. Due to the drooping nature of the tree, this tree was chosen to be placed on site for the shade that it will provide.


The Bougainvillea continued. This vine grows a very thick and

to be in full sun and can actually stand in many types of soil. This vine can

grows best in temperatures that are warm throughout the day but then cool at night. Bougainvillea typically cannot be grown in indoor conditions.

The Vitus Californica is known more commonly as the California Wild Grape. This deciduous vine adds a warm, vibrant color of red to any outdoor garden or trellis during the fall months. This vigorous vine can grow anywhere from three to six feet per year and also produces an abundance of fruit. However, while typically tasty, the grapes contain seeds and make for a better snack for animals and birds, rather than humans.

The is a shrubby and very fragrant vine found in Southern California. The Jasmine, as it is more commonly known as, is an evergreen shrubby vine that can grow up to ten feet tall and wide. This plant species tolerates draught to an extent, but would prefer to be watered in the summer, if possible. Placing this vine, and others in the smaller, open atrium near the shop classes will allow for an outdoor aesthetic but will provide shade and coverage to the students walking to and from class. By integrating a trellis and living plants into this space, it will also create interesting sun patterns in this space.

The Bougainvillea or the Paper Flower has a very burly type of vine and can be typically found in lower Florida and Southern California.Although this colorful vine adds character and color to any space, it does come with thorns that run up and down the burly vine; pruning can be an issue.


6.1

6.2Wall, Window, + Roof Materials

Material References and Construction Types

Registration No. 1-1104 Material Reference Calculations and Design Tools

Stair example-glass + lightweight

Example of shop classroom-

Omni-Block-

Example of atrium xeriscaped landscape- gravel and drought tolerant plants

Glass door detail along main circulation space-has ability to completely open

similar concept but larger scale in at atrium ends

remaining spaces contain a smooth concrete

Registration No. 1-1104 Material Reference Calculations and Design Tools

6.2 : Wall, Window, + Roof Materials

Glazing 2 (G-2) Glazing 4 (G-4) Glazing 5 (G-5)

Wall System 1 (W-1) Wall System 2 (W-2)

Roof System 1 (R-1)

Roof Construction (R-1)- 8” Reinforced Hollow Core Slab R - 1.34

- 8” Expanded polystyrene, extruded

(smooth skin surface) (CFC-12 exp.) R - 40



Wall System 2 (W-2)

- 2” Expanded polystyrene, extruded (smooth skin surface) (CFC-12 exp.) R - 10 - 2” Light Weight Concrete R - 2.5



1

Wall System 1 (W-1)



1

Glazing 4 (G-4) : South Facade 1/8” Low-e (.08) U - Factor .151/2” Krypton SHGC .371/8” Clear VT .481/2” Krypton1/8” Low-e (.08)

Glazing 2 (G-2) : North Facade 1/8” Clear U - Factor .491/2” Air SHGC .581/8” Clear VT .57

Glazing 5 (G-5) : East and West Facades1/8” Low-e (.10) U - Factor .311/2” Argon SHGC .261/8” Clear VT .31

Glazing 1 (G-1) Glazing 3 (G-3)

Glazing 3 (G-3) : South Facade 1/8” Low-e .04 U - Factor .491/2” Argon SHGC .581/8” Clear VT .57

Glazing 1 (G-1) : North Facade 1/8” Clear U - Factor 1.3 SHGC .79 VT .69

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

Monthly Comfort Level Assessment

PEC Solar Calculator - Radiation Totals for all facades

Photovoltaic Panel Collection Rate per Month

7.1 : Monthly Comfort Level Assessment

Month AverageDry Blub

AverageRelativeHumidity

Comfort

December 56 62 Cold - Add Sun, lower RH

Comfort6872September

October 65 70 Chilly - Add Sun, lower RH

July 70 73 Comfort

August 70 69 Comfort

Chilly - Add Sun, lower RH

Chilly - Add Sun, lower RH7167June

6862April

May 64 68

Heat Gain. Suppliment with Active Heating

January 56 70 Cold - Add Sun, lower RH

Cold - Add Sun, lower RH69

Gain.

Gain.

Passive Ventilation - offset internal heat gain.


March 58 68 Cold - Add Sun, lower RH

Chilly - Add Sun, lower RH

57February

Chilly - Add Sun, lower RH6561November

Notes




Gain.


Gain.

Gain.

This chart contains the Average Dry Bulb and Relative Humidity for each month of the year. The dry bulb and relative humidity information was found in Section 6. Weather of the Leading Edge Competition packet. From the Tenth Edition

comfort zone (Figure 4.4, page 87).

Registration No. 1-1104 Reference Charts Calculations and Design Tools

Space

OfficeClass (College)Assembly (Fixed)Sit - Down DinningGeneral

Gain Lighting Rate Btu/h ft2 (DF>4)

0.500.700.400.600.40

Gain Lighting Rate Btu/h ft2 (DF<1)

5.100.603.806.303.80

Gain Equip Rate Btu/h ft2

0.400.600.005.100.00

1.7014.0010.201.00

1,2001,225

Areaft2

5,60016,6001,800

Gain People RateBtu/h ft2

1.30

The numbers from this chart can be located in the Tenth Edition of MEEB in Table F.3 Approximating Summer Heat Gains from Occupants, Equipment, Lighting, and Envelope on page 1610.


7.3 : PEC Solar Calculator - Radiation Totals for North Facade

PEC SOLAR CALCULATOR DIRECT RADIATIONAnnual Version, PG&E Energy Center North


INPUT: ANNUAL SUMMARY: Btu/SF Hr.


2 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

ENTER DESIRED VARIABLE: 6 6 0 0 0 0 11.7 35.1 44.77 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 32.7 43.1


17 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 32.7 43.1The above spreadsheet calculates the major 18 0 0 0 0 11.7 35.1 44.7solar variables for a specific latitude and surface 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0


24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 0 0 0 0 36 151 217

NOTES:

DIRECT RADIATION

1. Use this calculator by inserting values in theinput (red) section.

2. Radiation values are calculated usingapproximate algorithms to suggest patternsonly. Verify carefully with other sources toconfirm reliability.

DISCLAIMER: 30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

r.

DIRECT RADIATION

We use this worksheet as a preliminary, informalcalculator for solar variables and make no claimsof elegance or accuracy. For importantcalculations check these figures using a secondand/or third source (e.g. Chap. 27, ASHRAEHandbook of Fundamentals.) PG&E disclaims allimplied warranties, including without limitationwarranties of performance and fitness for aparticular purpose. This software is provided "asis" and the user assumes the entire risk as to its

lit d f 0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

Btu

/SF

Hr.

DIRECT RADIATION

quality and performance.

© Charles C. Benton, Robert A. Marcial The PG&E Energy Center Pacific Gas & Electric Co. 1993

DEC

0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

0

Btu

/SF

Hr.

DIRECT RADIATION


7.3 : PEC Solar Calculator - Radiation Totals for East Facade

PEC SOLAR CALCULATOR DIRECT RADIATIONAnnual Version, PG&E Energy Center East




2 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0





24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 499 549 733 838 888 889 867

NOTES:

DIRECT RADIATION



DISCLAIMER:150 0

200.0

250.0

r.

DIRECT RADIATION


lit d f 0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

Btu

/SF

Hr.

DIRECT RADIATION



DEC

0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

0

Btu

/SF

Hr.

DIRECT RADIATION


7.3 : PEC Solar Calculator - Radiation Totals for South Facade

PEC SOLAR CALCULATOR DIRECT RADIATIONAnnual Version, PG&E Energy Center South




2 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0





24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 1721 1709 1591 1198 648 310 194

NOTES:

DIRECT RADIATION



DISCLAIMER: 200.0

250.0

300.0

r.

DIRECT RADIATION


lit d f 0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

Btu

/SF

Hr.

DIRECT RADIATION



DEC

0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

0

Btu

/SF

Hr.

DIRECT RADIATION


7.3 : PEC Solar Calculator - Radiation Totals for West Facade

PEC SOLAR CALCULATOR DIRECT RADIATIONAnnual Version, PG&E Energy Center West



LATITUDE 33 33 °LA Hour DEC JAN-NOV FEB-OCT MAR-SEP APR-AUG MAY-JUL JUNESURFACE AZIMUTH (0=S,+E, -W) -90.0 -90 °AZISURFACE TILT (90 = Vert) 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0TRANS @ NORMAL 0.9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0





24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 499 549 733 838 888 889 867

NOTES:

DIRECT RADIATION



DISCLAIMER:150 0

200.0

250.0

r.

DIRECT RADIATION


lit d f 0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

Btu

/SF

Hr.

DIRECT RADIATION



DEC

0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

0

Btu

/SF

Hr.

DIRECT RADIATION


Part 7.4 : Photovoltaic Panel Collection Rate per Month

Click on the site where you want to usePVWATTS to calculate the electricalenergy produced. Choose the sitenearest to your location that has similartopography. If near a state border, youmay wish to review site locations in theadjacent state.

Click on Calculate if default values areacceptable, or after selecting your systemspecifications. Click on Help for informationabout system specifications. To use a DC to ACderate factor other than the default, click onDerate Factor Help for information.

Station Identification:WBAN Number: 23129

City: Long_Beach

State: California

PV System Specifications:DC Rating (kW):

DC to AC Derate Factor:

Array Type:

Fixed Tilt or 1-Axis Tracking System:

Array Tilt (degrees): (Default = Latitude)

Array Azimuth (degrees): (Default = South)

Energy Data:Cost of Electricity (cents/kWh):

* * *AC Energy

&Cost Savings

Station IdentificationCity: Long_Beach

State: California

Latitude: 33.82° N

Longitude: 118.15° W

Elevation: 17 m

PV System SpecificationsDC Rating: 1.0 kW

DC to AC Derate Factor: 0.770

AC Rating: 0.8 kW

Array Type: 1-Axis Tracking

Array Tilt: 33.8°

Array Azimuth: 180.0°

Energy SpecificationsCost of Electricity: 12.5 ¢/kWh

Results

MonthSolar

Radiation(kWh/m2/day)

ACEnergy

(kWh)

EnergyValue

($)

1 5.16 117 14.62

2 5.94 121 15.12

3 6.76 152 19.00

4 7.83 169 21.12

5 7.75 171 21.38

6 7.66 164 20.50

7 8.56 186 23.25

8 8.67 186 23.25

9 7.68 161 20.12

10 6.54 144 18.00

11 5.68 123 15.38

12 5.11 115 14.38

Year 6.95 1810 226.25

ACEnergy

(kWh)

117

121

152

169

171

164

186

186

161

144

123

115

1810

http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/calculators/PVWATTS/version1/

http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/calculators/PVWATTS/version1/


Corresponding Board

Registration No. 1-1104 Corresponding Board

Registration No. 1-1104 Corresponding Board

Documents

Leading Edge Design Competition Technical Analysis