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Leadership styles
Mohammed Naushad Siddiqui.
In this presentation we will learn -
• Different styles of leadership.
• Different approaches towards analysis of leadership and leader’s behaviour.
Classification based on the use of authority -Autocratic leaders – • Are authoritarian.• Gives order ( ideally , without any
consultation at all) and expects it to be followed.
• Works well if you don’t have much time to accomplish goals or
• if employees are well motivated.
Democratic or participative leader -
• Participative , consultative and persuasive style.
• Encourages subordinates to take more participation in decision making process.
• Workers feel like ownership and more participation and contribution in the firm.
• The final decision making can be delayed as every decision is consulted alot.
Free rein leader -
• Uses his / her power least.• ‘Let it be’ type – the leadership responsibilities
are shared by all. • The subordinates are given high degree of
freedom in their operations.• Is very useful in bussiness operations where a
high degree of creativity is needed.
Analyzing leadership styles.
A. The managerial grid.B. Leadership as continuum.C. Situational or contingency approach.D. The path-goal approach.E. Transformational leadership.
The managerial grid.
• Very useful technique for analyzing leadership
styles and behaviors.
• 2 dimensional grid - concern for people and
production.
• The four corners of the grid -four extreme styles
of leadership.
Leadership as continuum• Style of appropriate leadership depends upon-– leader himself/herself .– the followers .– the situation a leader faces.
• According to this theory , the leader’s style is mainly influenced by –a) Forces in leader’s personality.b) Forces in subordinates.c) External environment or the situation leader
confronts.
Contingency ApproachTotally focussed on
– study of situations.– leader’s response in the situation.
• Recognizes interaction between leader and the group
• Gives more strength to belief that leaders are made out of situation.
• The leader’s effectiveness determined by how well his/her style fits the given context.
• Realizes that leaders are NOT successful in all situations.
Leadership situation determined by 3 factors - Leader-member relations. Task structure. Position power.
Fiedler proposed 2 major styles of leadership - a) Task oriented.b) Relations oriented.
LPC scaleAsked to rate coworker on 16 sets of attributes like being pleasant , boring or interesting , rejecting or accepting , back biting or loyal , agreeable or disagreeable.High rating by coworkers indicates relationship oriented style.Low rating indicates task oriented leadership style.
Path-goal approach• Gives a lot of importance on situational factors
affecting leadership.• Emphasizes relationship between leader’s style
and characteristics of subordinates and work setting.
• Main task of leader is to-a) Clarify and set goals.b) Help choosing the best path to achieve those
goals.c) Remove obstacles from the path defined.
• Leadership Behaviors-• Directive leadership – Leader gives targets ,
sets instructions, expectations, deadlines, and performance standard.
• Supportive Leadership – The leader is approachable and friendly , shows concern for the well being of his/her subordinates , treats everyone equally and avoids favouritism.
• Participative Leadership - Leader invites subordinates to give opinions, share ideas and includes their suggestions in the decision making process.
• Achievement-Oriented Leadership - The Leader challenges subordinates to perform at the highest possible level.
• Leader sets high standards of performance and excellence ,looks out for continuous improvement , shows confidence that subordinate will achieve high goals.
Transactional and transformational leadership.
• Transactional leaders know what needs to be done to achieve goals.
• Their main focus is on –1. Procedures and efficiency.2. Clarifying roles.3. Setting up effective organization structure ,
rewards for performances.4. Catering to social needs of their followers.
Transformational leaders.• Completely transform an organization by
articulating a vision and inspiring followers.• Have a great capacity to motivate and create a
favourable environment for organizational change and new organizational culture.
• Believe in commanding only those things they themselves are perfect practitioners.
• Are generally very selfless.
THANK YOU