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]JDHB IA GIF]BF]W

@ftrimugt`if >4

Tbsbjrgo j`es >4

Tbsbjrgo qubst`if >4

Tbsbjrgo idlbgt`vb >7

H`e`tjt`ifs ia rbsbjrgo >7

H`tbrjturb rbv`bw >7

Tbsbjrgo ebtoim >2

Mbmugt`vb ebtoim >2

@fmugt`vb ebtoim >1

]ypbs jfm siurgbs ia mjtj usbm >3

Mjtj gihhbgt`if ebtoims >3

Jfjhys`s ia mjtj >?

Bto`gjh `eph`gjt`if >0

]`eb Wgobmuhb :>

Tbabrbfgb ::

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@ftrimugt`if

]ob tbre hbjmbrso`p ojs cj`fbm `ts `fahubfgb `f tob pist `fmustr`jh brj wobrb tob hbjmbrso`p

`fahubfgbm tob pbrairejfgb ia tob ircjf`sjt`if. ]ob chidjh`sjt`if ojs `fgrbjsbm tob wirhm

bgifiey wo`go jhsi rj`sbm tob mbejfm air tob chidjh hbjmbrso`p `f pjrt`guhjr ti ojfmhb tob `ssubs

`f tob ircjf`sjt`ifs tojt ipbrjtb `f tob chidjh bfv`rifebft. Dut tobrb `s j m`aabrbfgb dbtwbbf tob

hbjmbr jfm j chidjh hbjmbr. Jggirm`fc ti tob rbpirts tob fbbm air tob hbjmbrso`p `s `fgrbjs`fc ybjr

dy ybjr `f tob chidjh bfv`rifebft ti eivb if tob ircjf`sjt`if `f j mbvbhipebftjh pjto jfm ejkb

`t sustj`fjdhb w`to tob ejrkbt. ]ob guhturb `f tob chidjh bfv`rifebft `s phjy`fc j grug`jh rihb `f

tob pbrairejfgb `f tob ircjf`sjt`if. ]o`s ojs ti db ojfmhbm w`to jwjrbfbss tojt `a fit tjkbf gjrb

tobf tob guhturb giuhm mjejcb tob dus`fbss. ]o`s j`ms tob ircjf`sjt`if ti jttj`f giepbt`t`vb bmcb

ivbr tob giepbt`tirs `f tob dus`fbss ejrkbt. ]oiuco tob ircjf`sjt`ifs ojvb stjrtbm ti mbvbhip

tob hbjmbrso`p qujh`ty, tob fbbm air tob chidjh hbjmbr `s gift`fuiushy r`s`fc. ]ob rihbs aufgt`ifs ia

tob chidjh hbjmbr jhifc w`to tob sk`hhs jrb jfjhysbm.

Tbsbjrgo j`e

]ob purpisb ia tob rbsbjrgo `s ti cj`f kfiwhbmcb jdiut tob hbjmbrso`p `f tob chidjh bfv`rifebft

`f tob bvb ia r`s`fc mbejfm `f tob ircjf`sjt`ifs. ]ob rbsuht ia chidjh hbjmbr `f tob ircjf`sjt`if

jfm tob dbfba`ts jrb bxpbgtbm ti `mbft`ay.

Tbsbjrgo qubst`if

@f irmbr ti ufmbrstjfm tob tbre chidjh hbjmbrso`p jfm `ts baabgt if tob ircjf`sjt`if jhifc w`to tob

dbfba`ts, rbsbjrgo eust db gjrr`bm if tob aihhiw`fc qubst`if

Sojt `s hbjmbrso`p9

Sojt jrb tob qujh`t`bs ia hbjmbrso`p9

M`aabrbft`jtb chidjh hbjmbrso`p w`to tojt ia hbjmbrso`p

Sojt jrb tob sk`hhs tojt ifb soiuhm pissbss air db`fc j chidjh hbjmbr9

Sojt `s tob rihbs jfm aufgt`ifs tojt tob chidjh hbjmbr soiuhm pbraire9

Oiw baabgt`vb tob ircjf`sjt`if wobf hbm dy j chidjh hbjmbr9

Sojt jrb tob dbfba`ts tojt jf ircjf`sjt`if w`hh jgo`bvb mub ti tob prbsbfgb ia chidjh

hbjmbr9

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Giepjrb tob vjr`ius m`aabrbft qujh`t`bs ia suggbssauh chidjh hbjmbr.

Tbsbjrgo idlbgt`vb

]ob purpisbm rbsbjrgo obhps ti cj`f siufm kfiwhbmcb jdiut tob tbre chidjh hbjmbrso`p jfm jhifc

w`to tob fbbm air j chidjh hbjmbr `f tob dus`fbss bfv`rifebft. ]ob ghbjr mba`f`t`if ia tob tjsks

tojt j chidjh hbjmbr ojs ti pbraire `s bxphirbm. Jpjrt arie to`s tob ebr`ts jfm mbebr`ts ia jf

ircjf`sjt`if ojv`fc j chidjh hbjmbr jrb `mbft`a`bm. ]ob spbg`a`g sbt ia sk`hhs air j chidjh hbjmbr `s

phjffbm ti dr`fc `fti h`cot.

H`e`tjt`ifs ia tob Tbsbjrgo

]o`s soiws tob ghbjr diufmjry air tob rbsbjrgo tojt `s gjrr`bm if tob sk`hhs ia chidjh hbjmbr. ]obrb

jrb ejfy prigbssbs tojt sbt tob h`e`tjt`ifs ia tob rbsbjrgo. Wieb ia tob ajgtirs tojt mba`fb tob

h`e`tjt`if ia tob rbsbjrgo jrb `fairejt`if gihhbgt`if, kfiwhbmcb jdiut tob rbsbjrgo, jggurjgy ia

tob mjtj gihhbgtbm air tob rbsbjrgo jfm si if. ]ob `fairejt`if gihhbgtbm eust db qu`bt bfiuco ti

gjrry iut tob rbsbjrgo if tob chidjh hbjmbrso`p. ]ob `fsuaa`g`bfgy `f mjtj gihhbgtbm wiuhm hbjm ti

dhigk tob woihb prilbgt. ]ob jggurjgy ia tob mjtj gihhbgtbm wiuhm mbp`gt tob jggurjgy ia tob

rbsuht ia tob rbsbjrgo. ]ob gist `fvihvbm `f tob prilbgt wiuhm jhsi h`e`t tob rbsbjrgo gjrr`bm iut ti

j gifa`fbm ifb. Eirbivbr r`sks `f tob prilbgt ejy o`fmbr tob rbsbjrgo `fti fbxt stjcb.

H`tbrjturb rbv`bw

Chidjh hbjmbrs jfm tob`r sk`hhs

Hbjmbrso`p `s stjtbm js tob "prigbss ia sig`jh `fahubfgb `f wo`go ifb pbrsif gjf bfh`st tob j`m

jfm suppirt ia itobrs `f tob jggieph`soebft ia j gieeif tjsk. (E`hhbr, 4>>7) ^o`h`p Grisdy

to`fks hbjmbrso`p `s mbh`dbrjtbhy gjus`fc pbiphb-mr`vbf jgt`ifs `f j phjffbm ajso`if air tob

purpisb ia jggieph`so`fc tob hbjmbrs jcbfmj.(^o`h`p Grisdy, :007). ]oiuco tobrb jrb vjr`bty

ia mba`f`t`ifs air tob hbjmbrso`p Hbjmbrso`p ojs dbbf mba`fbm `f tbres ia trj`ts, dbojv`ir,`fahubfgb, `ftbrjgt`if pjttbrfs, rihb rbhjt`ifso`ps, jfm iggupjt`if ia jf jme`f`strjt`vb pis`t`if

(Wticm`hh :03=), (Djrkbr, 4>>4).

]ob hbjmbr ojs dbgieb ifb ia tob `epirtjft `gif `f tob dus`fbss mub ti `ts myfje`g gojfcb.

]obrb jrb fit ifhy gojfcb `f tob dus`fbss dut jhsi m`aabrs w`mbhy arie tojt ia tob trjm`t`ifjh

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dus`fbss. @t ojs pistbm sieb ejfy gojhhbfcbs h`kb ejfjc`fc jfm eiv`fc jhifc w`to tob

tbgofihic`gjh jmvjfgbebfts, giepbt`t`ifs, gojfcb `f tob ruhbs jfm rbcuhjt`ifs ia tob dus`fbss dy

civbrfebfts jfm tob eist `epirtjft jspbgt `s tob gojfcb `f tob jtt`tumb ia bephiybb. Wi tob

fbbm ia baabgt`vb hbjmbrso`p ojs c`vbf r`sb `f tob ircjf`sjt`ifs. (Oiut, :000)

@t `s `epirtjft air tob hbjmbrs ti ejfjcb w`to tob guhturbs tojt toby jrb ipbrjt`fc `f. ]ob chidjh

hbjmbr wiuhm db rbspifs`dhb air tob ejk`fc tob bephiybb ti eivb `f j uf`a`bm pjto ia suggbss.

Wi ob ojs ti ej`ftj`f tob guhturjh `ftbcr`ty jeifc tob bephiybbs ti jgo`bvb tob tjrcbt `f tob

euht`fjt`ifjh ircjf`sjt`if. W`fgb tob chidjh ircjf`sjt`ifs ipbrjtb `f m`aabrbft higjt`ifs

jggirm`fc ti tob`r fbbms tob`r guhturb ejy vjry w`to tojt ia tob higjt`if wobrb `t wirks. Dut tob

m`vbrs`ty w`to`f tob bephiybbs giuhm db usbm js j pis`t`vb tr`ccbr ti jpprijgo pridhbes `f

m`aabrbft ejffbr ti a`fm jf baa`g`bft sihut`if. ]ous tob chidjh hbjmbrs gieeuf`gjtb tob`r v`s`if

ti o`s bephiybbs jfm ejkb tobe eivb tiwjrms tob ircjf`sjt`ifjh cijh. ]ojt `s oiw tob chidjh

hbjmbr m`aabrs arie tojt ia hbjmbr, dy ufmbrstjfm`fc tob guhturbs tojt `s aihhiwbm jt m`aabrbft

phjgbs `f m`aabrbft pjrts ia tob wirhm. ]obrb jrb m`aabrbft guhturbs `f tob sjeb ircjf`sjt`ifs

ipbrjt`fc `f m`aabrbft higjt`ifs.

Jpjrt arie tob guhturb jfitobr eist `epirtjft ajgtir tojt ojs driucot rbvihut`if `f tob dus`fbss

`s tob gojfcb. ]ob gojfcb ojs dbbf jf `fbv`tjdhb ajgtir `f tob dus`fbss mub ti tob gojfc`fc

mbejfms ia tob fbbms ia tob gustiebr. Ifhy tob baabgt`vb chidjh hbjmbrs ufmbrstjfm tob gojfcb

jfm kfiw tob fbgbssjry air hbjrf`fc `f irmbr ti criw jfm mbvbhip tob ircjf`sjt`if. Wi ifb ia tob

eist `epirtjft trj`t ia tob hbjmbr `s ti ejkb tob gojfcb suggbssauhhy w`to`f tob ircjf`sjt`if. @f

to`s gjsb hbjmbrs wiuhm jmjpt ti m`aabrbft rihbs wo`hb ejk`fc j gojfcb `f tob ircjf`sjt`if. ]o`s `s

tob rihb tojt `s m`aa`guht air ejfy hbjmbrs mub ti hjgk ia kfiw`fc tob gifsbqubfgbs ia gojfcb. Wi

`ephbebft`fc tob gojfcb `f tob ircjf`sjt`if `s m`aa`guht. Hbjmbr ojs ti ajgb si ejfy pridhbes

mub ti tob gojfcbs `f tob ircjf`sjt`if. Dut hbjmbr ojs ti tjkb `t `f j girrbgt m`rbgt`if tojt `s

wobtobr ti rbs`st ir gojfcb. Hbjmbr `s tob ifb woi giuhm turf gojfcb `fti pis`t`vb ir fbcjt`vb

fit`if ti tob ircjf`sjt`if. W`e`hjr ti tob ajeius Go`fbsb quitb tob dijt if tob wjtbr, tob wjtbr

gjf suppirt tob dijt jfm tob wjtbr jhsi gjf ivbrtoriw tob dijt (W`EjZ`jf, 4>>>).

]ob `ephbebftjt`if ia gojfcb w`to`f tob ircjf`sjt`if ojs dbgieb tob pr`ejry tjsk air tob

chidjh hbjmbrs ti db pbrairebm `f tob chidjh jrbfj. ]ob rihb ia chidjh hbjmbr `f ejfjc`fc tob

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guhturjh baabgts jfm tob gojfcb tojt iggurs w`to`f tob ircjf`sjt`if ojs dbgieb eirb s`cf`a`gjft

`f tob gurrbft s`tujt`if.

]obrb jrb m`aabrbft typbs ia hbjmbrso`p styhbs tojt ojvb dbbf aihhiwbm `f tob chidjh bfv`rifebft

mbpbfm`fc upif tob fbbm ia tob hbjmbrso`p. Jpjrt arie tob guhturb jfm gojfcb, hbjmbr ojs ti

aigus if tob itobr giftr`dut`fc ajgtirs tojt j`m tob pbrairejfgb ia tob ircjf`sjt`if. ]ob

bephiybbs eust db eit`vjtbm mbpbfm`fc upif tob`r fbbms. Air to`s ti ojppbf, a`rst tob chidjh

hbjmbr ojs ti ufmbrstjfm tob m`vbrs`ty jeifc tob bephiybb jfm kfiw tob`r vjhubs. ]o`s wiuhm

obhp tob hbjmbr ti cj`f tob bephiybb gifa`mbfgb tobrbdy ejk`fc tobe giee`ttbm ti tob wirk dy

o`s `fahubfgb. ]ob baabgt`vb hbjmbrso`p rihb `f tob euht`fjt`ifjh ircjf`sjt`if hbjms ti tob rjp`m

`fgrbjsb `f tob pbrairejfgb ia tob ircjf`sjt`if.

]ob dbfba`ts ia tob chidjh hbjmbrso`p giuhm db ghbjrhy ufmbrstiim wo`hb giepjr`fc tob

ircjf`sjt`if w`toiut tob chidjh hbjmbr ti hbjm tob`r euht`fjt`ifjh ipbrjt`if.

Tbsbjrgo ebtoimihicy

]ob rbsbjrgo if tob chidjh hbjmbrso`p jfm tob sk`hhs rbqu`rbm giuhm db gjrr`bm iut `f twi ebtoims.

]oby jrb `fmugt`vb jfm mbmugt`vb ebtoims toriuco wo`go tob rbsbjrgo `s ci`fc ti db gjrr`bm iut.

]ob mbmugt`vb ebtoim `s kfiwf js tob pr`ejry rbsbjrgo ebtoim jfm tob `fmugt`vb ebtoim `s

kfiwf js tob sbgifmjry rbsbjrgo ebtoim.

Mbmugt`vb ebtoim

]o`s ebtoim ia rbsbjrgo `s jhsi kfiwf js tob sg`bft`a`g rbsbjrgo ebtoim wo`go `s vbry r`c`m. Obrb

j oypitobs`s jdiut tob hbjmbrso`p `s mbv`sbm. ]o`s `s s`e`hjr ti tob tobiry jdiut tob hbjmbrso`p dy

giepjr`fc tob gojrjgtbr`st`gs jfm rbjh t`eb baabgts if tob ircjf`sjt`if. Djsbm if to`s tob

`fairejt`if tojt wojt `s tob mjtj `s fbbmbm air tob rbsbjrgo `s `mbft`a`bm jfm ebtoims ti gihhbgt

tob mjtj jrb jhsi mbg`mbm. Arie tob mjtj typb mbg`mbm jfm gihhbgt`if ebtoim, ebjsurbebft typb

aigusbs tob iutgieb ia tob rbsbjrgo. Jt hjst arie tob ebjsurbebft rbsuhts j gifghus`if `s c`vbf.

]ob a`fjh mbg`s`if jdiut tob tobiry tojt `s grbjtbm `s c`vbf. Obrb tob qujft`tjt`vb jfjhys`s

pbrairebm if tob sk`hhs jfm itobr ajgtirs ia chidjh hbjmbr `f irmbr ti jttj`f tob idlbgt`vb.

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@fmugt`vb ebtoim

]o`s ebtoim ia rbsbjrgo `s fit r`c`m js tob mbmugt`vb rbsbjrgo ebtoim. ]ob ebtoim ia rbsbjrgo `s

tob dbttbr jfm prjgt`gjh jpprijgo air tob rbsbjrgo. Eirb tojf tojt tob mjtj jfm tob `fairejt`if

gihhbgtbm jrb jfjhyzbm `f qujh`tjt`vb ebtoim. Wi `f giftrjst ti tob mbmugt`vb ebtoim vjst

m`ebfs`ifs jfm tob ajgtirs giuhm db jfjhysbm. Hjrcb jeiuft ia `fairejt`if jfm mjtj giuhm db

gihhbgtbm `f to`s aire wo`go wiuhm db vbry usbauh air tob suggbss ia tob prilbgt. ]o`s wiuhm

ejkb tob rbsbjrgo ti db baa`g`bft, baabgt`vb jfm j qujh`ty ifb. Giepjr`fc dito tob ebtoims ia

rbsbjrgo, to`s ebtoim `s eirb ahbx`dhb jfm rbjh t`eb rbsbjrgo ebtoim.

Bxphjfjt`if ia bvbfts dy tobiry

mbvbhipebft

Idsbrvjt`if ia tob rbhjt`ifso`p

dbtwbbf jt hbjst twi vjr`jdhbs ti tbst a

tob tobiry jmiptbm `s trub

Djs`fc yiur idsbrvjt`ifs if tob usb ia

ebjsurbebft dy tbst`fc yiur tobiry.

Tbhjt`fc tob `eph`gjt`ifs ia yiur

gifghus`ifs djgk ti tob tobiry & tobf

b`tobr vbr`ay`fc ir ajhs`ay`fc (rblbgt`fc

ir jggbpt`fc) yiur oypitobs s.

]bst`fc tob oypitobs`s dy mrjw`fc

gifghus`ifs arie yiur idsbrvjt`ifs

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Wi js sj`m bjrh`br dito tob ebtoim ia rbsbjrgo jrb gjrr`bm iut ti cbt jf dbttbr iutgieb ia tob

rbsbjrgo wo`go priv`mbs siufm kfiwhbmcb jdiut tob chidjh hbjmbrso`p jfm auha`hhs jhh tob

idlbgt`vbs tojt ojs dbbf ebft`ifbm.

]ypbs jfm siurgbs ia mjtj

]obrb jrb twi typbs ia mjtj tojt jrb usbm `f tob rbsbjrgo. ]oby jrb pr`ejry jfm sbgifmjry mjtj.

]ob pr`ejry mjtj `s tob mjtj tojt giuhm db gihhbgtbm if tob spbg`a`g hbjmbr / tob hbjmbrso`p `f tob

pjrt`guhjr ircjf`sjt`if. ]o`s `s tob uf`qub mjtj jfm giuhm db gihhbgtbm toriuco vjr`ius ebtoims

h`kb survbys, qubst`iffj`rb jfm `ftbrv`bws jfm si if.

]ob sbgifmjry mjtj `s tob mjtj tojt `s gihhbgtbm toriuco tob liurfjhs, jrt`ghbs, fbwspjpbrs jfm

ejcjz`fbs jfm vjr`ius itobr to`rm pjrty siurgbs ia `fairejt`if. ]ob `fairejt`if giuhm db

gihhbgtbm arie tob giepjfy miguebfts jfm tob jffujh rbpirts. Dut tob mjtjs gihhbgtbm obrb jrb

fit uf`qub js tob pr`ejry mjtj.

Mjtj Gihhbgt`if Ebtoims

]o`s `s ifb ia tob `epirtjft pjrt ti gjrry if tob rbsbjrgo `f j seiito ejffbr. ]o`s `s dbgjusb tob

`fsuaa`g`bfgy `f mjtj gihhbgtbm ejy hbjm ti tbre`fjt`if ia tob rbsbjrgo. Wi `t `s vbry `epirtjft ti

phjf tob ebtoim jfm tob typb ia mjtj tojt `s gihhbgtbm toriuco wo`go ebtoim. Qjr`ius ebtoims

jrb jmiptbm ti gihhbgt mjtj tojt jrb bxpbr`ebfts, gjsb stum`bs, hjrcb survbys, `ftbrv`bws, jfm si

if.

W`fgb `f to`s rbsbjrgo dito tob pr`ejry jfm sbgifmjry rbsbjrgo ebtoims jrb gjrr`bm if jpjrt arie

tob jdivb ebtoims mjtj arie tob sbgifmjry siurgb ia `fairejt`if giuhm db jhsi usbm. ]ob

`fairejt`if giuhm db gihhbgtbm arie tob to`rm pjrt`bs dy pjy`fc eifby dut tojt wiuhm `fgrbjsb

tob gist ia tob rbsbjrgo gjrr`bm iut.

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Jfjhys`s ia mjtj

]ob jfjhys`s `s gjrr`bm iut dy twi jpprijgobs tojt jrb qujh`tjt`vb jfm qujft`tjt`vb typb.

Zujft`tjt`vb jfjhys`s

]o`s `s tob jfjhys`s ia fuebr`gjh mjtj tojt ojs db gihhbgtbm air tob rbsbjrgo. ]o`s obhps ti cbt j

ghbjr p`gturb ia tob s`tujt`if ir tob gifm`t`if tojt prbvj`hs `f tob ircjf`sjt`if. ]ob mbg`s`ifs tojt

jrb djsbm if tob rbsuhts giuhm db ejmb bjs`hy. ]obsb typb ia mjtjs jrb hbss sbfs`t`vb.

Zujh`tjt`vb jfjhys`s

]ob `fairejt`if usbm obrb `s eirb sbfs`t`vb. Ifb soiuhm db jwjrb wo`hb jfjhyz`fc tob mjtj si js

ti jvi`m jfy aurtobr pridhbes mub ti tob rbsuht arie tob `fairejt`if. Dut tobrb `s fi uf`qub

ebtoim ti jfjhyzb tob qujh`tjt`vb mjtj si `t jhh mbpbfms if tob ifb ir criup tojt gjrr`bs iut tob

rbsbjrgo.

Zujh`tjt`vb jfjhys`s giuhm db gjrr`bm iut `f tob eimbh succbstbm dy Wb`mbh (:00?). ]o`s rbsbjrgo

`s ej`fhy djsbm if tob torbb ajgtirs

Fit`g`fc tob to`fcs

Idsbrv`fc tob to`fcs

]o`fk`fc jdiut tob to`fcs

]ob Mjtj Jfjhys`s ^rigbss (Wb`mbh, :00?)

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Bto`gjh `eph`gjt`ifs

]ip`g ia tob rbsbjrgo

^ripbr kfiwhbmcb `s rbqu`rbm air toisb gjrry`fc iut tob rbsbjrgo si js ti db baabgt`vb. ]ob

gihhbgt`if ia mjtj jfm `ts typbs jfm jfjhys`s giuhm db bjs`hy prigbbmbm w`to tob kfiwhbmcb if tob

tip`g.

]`eb h`e`t

]ob rbsbjrgo gjrr`bm iut `s if tob chidjh hbjmbrso`p sk`hhs jfm tob aufgt`ifs ia tob chidjh hbjmbr.

Wi tobrb jrb o`co pripirt`if ia gojfgbs air tob rbsbjrgo ti cbt w`mbf ifgb tob rbsbjrgo prigbss

stjrts. Wi mbpbfm`fc if tob t`eb h`e`t tob rbsbjrgo eust db gifa`fbm.

Tbsbjrgo criup

W`fgb tob tip`g `s w`mb, j tbje `s airebm `f irmbr ti gjrry if tob rbsbjrgo. ]ob rbsbjrgo tbje `s

mbvbhipbm `f sugo j wjy tojt tob woihb rbsbjrgo prigbss `s gjrr`bm iut baabgt`vbhy jfm baa`g`bfthy.

]o`s wiuhm `fgrbjsb tob jmjptjd`h`ty jfm jggurjgy ia tob rbsbjrgo.

T`sk jfm Tbturf ia tob Tbsbjrgo

]o`s `s tob r`sk `fvihvbm `f tob prilbgt. ]ob r`sk ejy db jt jfy pojsb ia rbsbjrgo wo`go puts j

djrr`br `f prigbbm`fc w`to tob rbsbjrgo. ]ob rbsbjrgo soiuhm db phjffbm wbhh dbairb tob stjrt si

js ti jvi`m tob r`sks `fvihvbm `f tob rbsbjrgo. ]ob dbfba`t ia tob rbsbjrgo tojt `s jttj`fbm `s kfiwf

js rbturf ia tob rbsbjrgo. ]i db j siufm rbsbjrgo, tob dbfba`ts eust db o`co.

Mjtj ^ritbgt`if jfm gifa`mbft`jh`ty

]obsb dito jrb `epirtjft bto`gjh `ssubs tojt tob rbsbjrgobrs eust aihhiw. ]ob `fairejt`if tojt `s

gihhbgtbm arie tob ircjf`sjt`if eust db pritbgtbm jfm kbpt gifa`mbft`jh. Abw ircjf`sjt`ifs tbfm

ti c`vb mjtj ifhy jt tob prie`sb ia tob mjtj pritbgt`if jfm gifa`mbft`jh`ty. Wi `t `s `epirtjft ti

kbbp tob mjtj gifa`mbft`jh ti ej`ftj`f tob bto`gjh `ssubs `fvihvbm `f gjrry`fc iut tob rbsbjrgo.

]ob mjtjs gihhbgtbm `f to`s rbsbjrgo wiuhm db jdiut tob chidjh hbjmbrs si `t `s vbry `epirtjft ti

kbbp `t gifa`mbft`jh. ]ob rbsuhts ia tob rbsbjrgo jhsi soiuhm db pritbgtbm pripbrhy.

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]`eb sgobmuhb

Js sj`m bjrh`br `t `s `epirtjft ti ej`ftj`f tob t`eb air tob rbsbjrgo si tojt tob rbsuht jrb ut`h`zbm jt

tob r`cot pi`ft ia t`eb air tob ircjf`sjt`ifs. W`fgb tob rbsbjrgo tip`g `s w`mb, t`eb arjeb eust db

mbvbhipbm jfm st`gk ti `t air baa`g`bft rbsbjrgo. ]ob t`eb arjeb ia tob rbsbjrgo `fghumbs tob tjsks

tojt jrb ti db pbrairebm `f tob rbsbjrgo.

Sbbks ]jsks ti db pbrairebm

:-= Mbtbre`fjt`if ia H`tbrjturb rbv`bw

2-? Mbvbhip tob qubst`iffj`rb

0-:4 Gihhbgt`fc pr`ejry mjtj

:7-:1* Giephbtb gihhbgt`if ia rbqu`rbm mjtj

:1-4: Jfjhys`s ia tob mjtj

44-41 Tbv`sb h`tbrjturb rbv`bw

43-40 Mrjat :sthbvbh rbpirt

7>-7= Mrjat 4f

hbvbh rbpirt

72 ^rbsbftjt`if

*Ivbrhjpp`fc t`eb

8/6/2019 Leadership research proposal

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Tbabrbfgb

:. Djrkbr, H. (4>>4) ^iwbr, @fahubfgb jfm Jgt`if< Ejk`fc hbjmbrso`p wirk, pp=0-34, `f ]ob

Objrt jfm Wiuh ia Hbjmbrso`p, EgCrjw-O`hh, Wymfby

4. C`hdbrt, L., Lifbs, C., Q`tjh`s, ]., Sjhkbr, T. & C`hdbrtsif, M. :002, @ftrimugt`if ti

Ejfjcbebft f Fbw \bjhjfm, 4fm bmf, Ojrgiurt Drjgb & Giepjfy, Fbw Wiuto Sjhbs.

7. Oiut, ]oiejs E. :000. Jrb ejfjcbrs idsihbtb9 Ojrvjrm Dus`fbss Tbv`bw, Ejr/Jpr,

p.:14-:12

=. Ouy, ZF 4>>4, Beit`ifjh djhjfg`fc ia ircjf`zjt`ifjh gift`fu`ty jfm rjm`gjh gojfcb< tob

giftr`dut`if ia e`mmhb ejfjcbrs, Jme`f`strjt`vb Wg`bfgb Zujrtbrhy, =3, 7:-10.

2. E`hhbr ^btbr. 4>>7. Hbjmbrso`p stumy cu`mb. Wiutobrf Griss Rf`vbrs`ty, H`seirb

1. Firtif.E.W (4>>=). Bxbgut`vb hbjmbrso`p air baabgt`vb jme`f`strjt`if . < Jhhyf & Djgif;`hhustrjtbm bm`t`if bm`t`if . 7=3

3. ^jrt`fctif, M. (bm.) (4>>4). Bssbft`jh Wk`hhs air Ejfjcbebft Tbsbjrgo.Hifmif< Wjcb.

?. ^bjrs, T. (4>>2). G`tb ]obe T`cot< Tbabrbfg`fc Ejmb Bjsy.Fbwgjsthbupif]yfb.Tidd`fs, W., Eukbrl`, M. :00=, Ejfjc`fc Ircjf`sjt`ifs. Fbw Gojhhbfcbs jfm

^brspbgt`vbs, 4fm bmf, ^rbft`gb Ojhh ia Justrjh`j ^ty Htm, Wymfby.

::.Wjufmbrs, E.F.K., Hbw`s, ^. jfm ]oirfo`hh, J. (4>>7) Tbsbjrgo Ebtoims air Dus`fbss,

^`tejf.

:4.Wticm`hh, T. E. :03=. Ojfmdiik ia hbjmbrso`p< J survby ia tob h`tbrjturb. Arbb ^rbss, Fbw

Pirk.

:7.]`fc-]iieby, W. (:000). Gieeuf`gjt`fc jgriss guhturbs. Fbw Pirk< Cu`hairm.