LeadershipLeadership

Lecture # 17

Pete Rose on Leadership:Pete Rose on Leadership:

Some players you pat their butts, some you kick their butts, some players you leave alone.

PowerPower

Position Power

Personal Power

Position PowerPosition Power

Legitimate (Traditional) Power

Position PowerPosition Power

Reward Power

Position PowerPosition Power

Coercive Power

Position PowerPosition Power

Whatever the organization giveth, the organization can take away

Personal PowerPersonal Power

Expert PowerKnowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSA)

Personal PowerPersonal Power

Referent Power (Charisma)

Personal PowerPersonal Power

Referent Power (Charisma)

Personal PowerPersonal Power

You are the locus of this power, not your position

You can take this power with you to other organizations

LeadershipLeadership

Why do some people make better leaders than others?

Why is it helpful to organizations to identify leaders early?

The Quest for Leadership Qualities…The Quest for Leadership Qualities…

Three Approaches to Studying LeadershipThree Approaches to Studying Leadership

Trait Approach

Behavioral Approach

Situational Approach

Trait ApproachTrait Approach

Aka the Great Man approach

looking for the Born Leader

What Characteristics do Leaders Possess?What Characteristics do Leaders Possess?

Intelligence (Knowledgeable)

Self-Confidence

Extroverted

Good Communicators

But, these traits can be learnedBut, these traits can be learned

For example, as one’s communication skill (a learned trait in itself) improves, one becomes more self-confident

Continuing the QuestContinuing the Quest

Perhaps it’s not who a person is, but what a person does that matters…

Behavioral ApproachBehavioral Approach

Two dimensions of leader behavior were identified in multiple studies:

Task Orientation – Get the Job Done

Employee Orientation – Openness and friendliness of leader, concern for subordinates

Blake & Mouton GridBlake & Mouton Grid

Included the two dimensions of leader behavior

Identified 5 distinguishable styles of leadership

1,9 9,9

5,5

1,1 9,1

5 Leadership Styles5 Leadership Styles

1,1 Impoverished or Laissez-Faire 5,5 Middle of the Road or Organization Man 1,9 Country Club 9,1 Authoritarian or Task 9,9 Team or Democratic

Behavioral ApproachBehavioral Approach

Seems to have answered which is the best style in general, but raises other questions, including:

What style works best in particular situations?

Situational or Contingency ApproachSituational or Contingency Approach

In what situations does a particular style work more effectively?

How do you identify one situation from another? What are the essential characteristics of a

situation?

Fiedler and his associatesFiedler and his associates

Developed a Contingency or Situational model of leadership

Identified four factors to consider when defining a situation

Fiedler’s ModelFiedler’s Model

Managerial Characteristics

Subordinate Characteristics

Task Characteristics

Organizational Characteristics

Fiedler’s ModelFiedler’s Model

Combined those four characteristics into three questions about a situation:

Leader-Member Relations: Good or Bad? Task Structure: Structured or Unstructured? Position Power of the Leader: Strong or Weak?

Fiedler’s ModelFiedler’s Model Task Task Task Employee Employee Employee Task Task

Fiedler’s ModelFiedler’s Model

In Very Certain situations, or Very Uncertain situations, a Task style seems to work best

In Moderately Certain situations, an Employee style seems to work best

Fiedler’s ModelFiedler’s Model

When things are quite clear, or very chaotic, people respond well to being told what to do.

Task Orientation

When the situation is moderate, people often need to be convinced or appealed to.

Employee Orientation

Two Uses for Fiedler in OrganizationsTwo Uses for Fiedler in Organizations

Find the right place (situation) for a manager’s leadership style

Two Uses for Fiedler in OrganizationsTwo Uses for Fiedler in Organizations

Provide additional training for the manager to better match his/her situation