Leadership

“Crowd will follow a leader who marches twenty steps in advance; but if he is a

thousand steps in front of them, they do not see & do not follow him”

Leadership

Ability to influence people toward the attainment of organizational goals

The creative and directive force of morale

The process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals

The Process by which an agent induces a subordinate to behave in a desired manner

An interpersonal relationship in which others comply because they want to, not because they have to

Leadership is a complex phenomenon involving the leader, the followers, and the situation.

This chapter explores……….

Define Leadership Differences between Leader & Manager Sources of Leader power Leadership traits

Autocratic Vs Democratic

New Leadership styles Transformational, charismatic, interactive

Definition: The ability to influence people toward the attainment of

goals.

Aspects of Leadership: People Influence Goals

“Remember the difference between a boss & a leader a boss says GO!- a leader says “Lets Go”

One of the four primary function tasks of managers is LEADING

Leadership is a key ingredient in effective management / Managerial level at all levels

When Leaders are effective Subordinates or followers are highly motivated, committed & high

performing

Difference Between Leaders & Managers

ManagerAdministratesMaintainsShort-range viewAsks How & WhenDoes things RightFocuses on System &

Structure

Leader Innovates Develops Long-range view Asks What & Why Does the Right Thing Focuses on People

Planning, controlling, efficiency, procedure regulation, control & consistency

Risk taking, dynamic, creativity, change, vision

Leadership Vs Management

Leader VS Manager

Create Vision Mission for Org

Involves having a vision of what the Org can become

Leadership power comes from personal sources

Implement vision

Management relies on universal skills such as planning, budgeting and controlling

Management powers comes from organizational structure

(Contd)…..

The main difference between them is of POWER

Power: The potential ability to influence the behavior of others.

Within Organization, there are typically five sources of power;

One can have power without even using ?

“You Don’t Lead By Hitting People Over The Head- That’s Assault, Not Leadership”

“Power does not need to be exercised in order to have its effects”

Position Power

Power that comes from the Organization Managers position gives him/her power to

REWARD or PUNISH subordinates in order to influence their behavior

These powers are used by managers to change employee behavior

Legitimate Reward Coercive

Personal Power

Personal power comes from internal sources, such as specialized knowledge or personality characteristics

Personal power is the tool of the leader Subordinates follow a leaders because of the

RESPECT, ADMIRATION or CARING they feel for the individual & his/her ideas

Referent Expert

Types of Power

Position PowerLegitimate

Reward

Coercive

Personal Power

Expert

Referent

Strong leadership under weak management is no better

•Compliance •Resistance Commitment

Legitimate Power

Leader has authority because he has been assigned a particular role in an Org

Boss assign projects Coach decides who plays Teacher assigns homework & awards

“ Legitimate authority & Leadership are not the same thing”

Example ?

Reward Power

The power to give or withhold rewards ( pay raises, bonuses, promotion recommendations, interesting job assignments)

Greater the number or rewards a manager controls and the more important the rewards are to subordinates, greater is the managers reward power

Managers can use rewards to influence subordinates behavior

Coercive Power

Authority to punish or recommend punishment Ability to control others through fear of

punishment Managers having a right to demote, fire or criticize

employees

Examples: Army court-martialing Soldiers

Employers firing lazy workers

Example : 24/7 Get rid of him

Expert Power

Power of knowledge & potential to influence others through their relative expertise in particular field

Surgeon influence in hospital Mechanic influence of peers Bill Gates has expertise in software design

Referent Power

Potential influence due to strength of the relationship btw the leader & the follower

Leaders who are likeable & whom subordinates wish to use as role model are especially likely to posses REFERENT POWER

Examples: Students response to likely teacher would be diff than less popular teacher:

Buddy ryan fired as head couch of Philadelphia football team…… Players expressed fierce loyalty to him “ We’d do things for Buddy that we wouldn’t do for another coach, I ‘d sell my body 4 Buddy”

That’s Referent Power

Leadership

Autocratic VS Democratic Leadership

Leadership Traits

Traits are distinguishing qualities or characteristics of a person, such as intelligence, values & appearance Relationship between personal traits &

leaders success ? 3 Football coaches have diff personality

traits, but all are successful leaders of their football programs

Traits of a Good Leader

Honesty - Display sincerity, integrity in all your actions. Deceptive behavior will not inspire trust.

Competent - Your actions should be based on reason and moral principles.

Forward-looking Set goals and have a vision of the future.

Inspiring – Display confidence in all that you do. Take charge when necessary.

Intelligent - Read, study, and seek challenging assignments

Autocratic VS Democratic Leaders

A leader who tends to centralize authority and rely on legitimate, reward & coercive power to manage subordinates

Retain most of the authority to themselves

Task oriented

A leader who delegates authority to others, encourages participation & relies on expert and referent power to manage subordinates

Autocratic VS Democratic Leaders

Groups with Autocratic style of leadership performs well as the leader was present to supervise them

However group members displeased– close supervision & feelings of hostility frequently arose

Group performance almost as good, even performed well the leader was absent and left the group on its own

Empowerment of lower employees is popular trend in companies today

Boss centered or Subordinate centered depends on Organizational circumstances

Time pressure---takes too long for subordinates to learn how to make decisions- Autocratic style –

Skill difference —Greater the skill diff more autocratic the leader approach

New Leadership Approaches

Transactional Leader Charismatic Leader Transformational Leader Interactive Leaders Servant Leaders

Transactional Leadership

A leader who clarifies subordinates role and task requirements, initiates structure, provide rewards and display consideration for subordinates

Leadership that motivates subordinates high performance & punish them for low performance ----- not making any kind of dramatic changes

Transactional Leadership

Where leaders & followers are in some type of exchange relationship in order to

get needs met

“Example: superior give rewards to sales person for increasing monthly sales”

Charismatic Leaders

A leaders ability to motivate subordinates to do more than normally expected

An enthusiastic, self confident leader able to clearly communicate his or her vision of how good things could be

Have an emotional impact on subordinates Have a vision, masterful communication skills,

inspire trust, make group members feel capable & have high energy

Tend to emerge during crises

Bill Gate:-Despite his wide appeal, many consider Gates to be brash, out spoken too ail controlling & obsessed with demolishing the competition

( Still his name surfaces frequently in discussions of charisma )

Richard Branson:- Imaginative entrepreneur To him risking life is part of doing business

Dresses like Maverick “ Keeping up with Richard is almost impossible,

Ideas constantly pop out of his brain”

The dark side of charismatic leadership

Some believe that charismatic leadership can be exercised for evil purposes

Observed that some are unethical and lead their Org toward illegal & immoral ends

Transformational Leadership

A leader distinguish by a special ability to bring about innovation and change

businesses today “overmanaged & underled”- “Org complexity” , “productive change”

TL balance the demands of both

Have their eyes on the bigger picture of how much better things could be in their Org

Transformational leadership is precisely what developing countries need in order to change their current situation & advance to

the next level

Interactive Leaders

Women move into higher positions in organizations, they often possess a diff leadership style

A leader who is concerned with consensus building, is open and inclusive and encourages participation

Leadership that believes that the best performance results when people are excited about their work and feel good about themselves

This style is not limited to women, male managers are learning to adopt this style by developing their skills in attention to non verbal behavior, empathy, cooperation, collaboration & listening

Servant Leaders

A leader who works to fulfill subordinates needs and goals as well as to achieve the organizations larger mission

Sam Walton of Wal-Mart’s corporate culture was to lead from the top but run from the bottom ( provide workers with whatever they need to serve the customers- info, inspiration & then get out of the way)

Great leaders are those who serve others Leadership is about serving the community not

about exercising power and enjoying privilege

Do women managers lead in different ways than men?

Are male or female managers more effective as leaders ?

Summary