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Leadership. A lesson in effective leadership elements, traits, and styles. Basic Elements of Leadership. Leadership is the art of influencing and directing people to accomplish the mission Being a leader means more than winning an election or receiving a title - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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A lesson in effective leadership elements, traits, and styles
Leadership
Chapter 7, Lesson 1
Leadership is the art of influencing and directing people to accomplish the mission
Being a leader means more than winning an election or receiving a title
A leader directs others toward a common goal Any member can be a leader when he or she
influences the others to help the group reach its goal
Basic Elements of Leadership
Chapter 7, Lesson 1
The Air Force Leadership Concept The Air Force’s concept of leadership has two elements: •the mission •and the people who must carry out the mission
Photo courtesy of U.S. Air Force Officer Opportunities
Chapter 7, Lesson 1
The Air Force Leadership Concept
Mission—The primary task of an organization is to perform its mission The leader’s primary responsibility is to lead team members to carry out the mission successfully Yet a leader must never forget the importance of the team’s people
Chapter 7, Lesson 1
The Air Force Leadership Concept
People—People perform the mission They are the heart of the organizationWithout their support, any team will fail A leader’s responsibilities include caring for and supporting team members
Photo Courtesy of Ilene Perlmam
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
Traits of Effective Leaders
Effective leaders have certain traits that make up the foundation of their approach to their work
These traits form their character
Your character defines you as a leader
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
Six Traits of Effective Leaders
Many traits go into building a strong character
For you, as a future leader, six traits are essential:
Integrity
Loyalty
Commitment
Energy
Decisiveness
Selflessness
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
Integrity
Having integrity means establishing a set of values and adhering to them
Integrity means being a whole person—in mind, body, and spirit
Integrity is a total commitment to the highest personal and professional standards
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
Loyalty
Loyalty is faithfulness or allegiance—to superiors, peers, and subordinates Leaders must display loyalty to their team members before they can expect members to be loyal to them
Photo courtesy of Ilene Perlman
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
Commitment
Dedicated service is the hallmark of the leader
A leader must demonstrate total dedication to the United States, the Air Force, and the team
This commitment sets an example for team members
Commitment is contagious
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
EnergyEnergy is an enthusiasm
and drive to take the initiative
Throughout history, successful leaders have demonstrated both mental and physical energy
They approached assigned tasks aggressively
They had the perseverance and stamina to stay the course
Photo courtesy of Clipart.com
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
DecisivenessDecisiveness is a willingness
to actA leader must make timely
decisions and then effectively communicate those decisions to the team
Decisiveness includes the willingness to accept responsibility for one’s actions
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
Selflessness
Selflessness is the ability to sacrifice personal needs and wants for a greater cause
Leaders put accomplishing their mission and caring for their people before their own welfare or desires
Willingness to sacrifice is essential to military service
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
Selflessness
Selflessness includes the courage to face and overcome difficulties and physical dangers
It also includes the need to make difficult decisions—this is moral courage Photo courtesy of Clipart.com
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
Commitment in a LeaderProbably nothing is as
important in a leader as commitment to the job
Indicators of a strong personal commitment in a leader are the
“3 Es”:
nthusiasmnergy
mpathyGraphics courtesy of Clipart.com
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
Commitment in a Leader
These three forces (“3 Es”) define you as a leader and keep you motivated to lead
Without them, you’d find no flavor or color in your work
It would be “just a job”
Photo courtesy of Clipart.com
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
Enthusiasm
Enthusiasm is great excitement for and interest in a subject or cause It’s the underlying force that pushes people to become leadersTry as you might, it’s hard to find a successful unenthusiastic leader
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
Energy and PersonalityEnergy as a character trait is the
willingness to take on a job and see it to completion
But leaders also have another kind of energy—the energy of personality
Leaders are serious about their individuality—they are not comfortable following the herd
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
Empathy
Empathy is the ability to show compassion for people
It’s the capacity to feel what others feel and to act on that solidarity
Photo courtesy of Clipart.com
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
Empathy
People who show empathy can usually see beneath the surface to the root causes of problems Good leaders empathize with their team membersEmpathy inspires trust
Photo courtesy of Clipart.com
Chapter 7, Lesson 3
Knowing Yourself and Your RoleTo be a successful leader, you must
recognize your strengths or abilities, as well as your limitations
You must then build on your strengths and try to overcome your weaknesses
As a leader, you must understand your own role
Chapter 7, Lesson 3
Knowing Yourself and Your RoleYou must also
understand how your team contributes to the overall mission of the organization
Finally, you must make sure that each team member understands how his or her role relates to the mission Photo courtesy of Clipart.com
Chapter 7, Lesson 3
Setting the ExampleSetting an example means
giving people a strong model to imitate
As a leader, you must set the standard for your team by your actions as well as your words
If you are arrogant or domineering, you will command little respect
Photo courtesy of Ilene Perlman
Chapter 7, Lesson 3
Setting the ExampleSelf-control is also essential—a leader
who cannot control himself or herself cannot control others
Lack of self-discipline in a leader destroys the team’s unity and its ability to perform
Chapter 7, Lesson 3
MotivateA leader’s greatest
challenge is to motivate team members to achieve the high standards set for them
The ability to generate enthusiasm about the mission may be the single most important factor in leadership
Photo courtesy of Ilene Perlman
Chapter 8, Lesson 1
Leadership Behavior
Becoming a good leader requires training and practice It’s helpful to understand the difference between leadership and management:• Leadership is the art of influencing and directing people to accomplish the mission •Management is supervising the use of resources to achieve team objectives • In essence, you lead people, and you manage things
Chapter 8, Lesson 1
How Does a Leader Get People to Accomplish a Mission?
The leader must base his or her approach on the situation Situational leadership is a leadership model based on the concept that there is no single best way to influence and lead people Two orientations on the leader’s part—orientation toward people and orientation toward task—are key to understanding situational leadership
Chapter 8, Lesson 1
Orientation Toward TaskTask behavior is the leader’s involvement in defining the duties and responsibilities of an individual or a group
Task behaviors include directing team members on what to do, how to do it, and when to do it
Photo courtesy of Clipart.com
Chapter 8, Lesson 1
Four Leadership Styles
The Leadership GridSupporting - S3
High Supportive BehaviorLow Directive Behavior
Coaching - S2High Directive Behavior
High Supportive Behavior
Delegating - S4Low Supportive BehaviorLow Directing Behavior
Directing - S1High Directive Behavior
Low Supportive Behavior
Chapter 8, Lesson 1
Directing (Style 1)
The leader provides specific instructionsClosely supervises team members as they
perform their tasksHigh task orientation and a low
relationship orientationPeople lack competence but are
enthusiastic and committed
Chapter 8, Lesson 1
Directing (Style 1)
Typical telling behaviors include:• directing others what to do• supervising them closely• following up to ensure they
complete their tasks
Chapter 8, Lesson 1
Coaching (Style 2)
The leader closely supervises task completion and following up
Provides explanations and opportunities for clarification from team members
People who have some competence but lack commitment
Chapter 8, Lesson 1
Coaching (Style 2) Typical selling behaviors include:• supervising closely• following up• explaining
relationships between tasks and team goals
• encouraging questions
• supporting progress Photo courtesy of Clipart.com
Chapter 8, Lesson 1
Supporting (Style 3) The leader helps and supports team
members’ efforts toward completing the task by sharing ideas and responsibility for decision making with his or her team members
People who have competence but lack confidence or motivation
Chapter 8, Lesson 1
Supporting (Style 3) Participating behaviors
include:• asking team members
for ideas• listening• encouraging others to
try out their ideas• allowing others to
structure their tasks• sharing control and
accountability Photo courtesy of Clipart.com
Chapter 8, Lesson 1
Delegating (Style 4)
The leader turns responsibility for decision making, problem solving, and implementation over to team members
People who have both competence and commitment
Chapter 8, Lesson 1
Delegating (Style 4) Delegating behaviors include:• setting task boundaries• letting others make their own
decisions• allowing members to chart their
own courses of action• giving group members the freedom
they need to do the job well• providing help when asked• monitoring progress
http://www.slideshare.net/sherooo83/situational-leadership-ii
Situational Leadership Model
• Forming• Storming• Norming• Performing
Tuckman’s Model – Team Dynamics
Baseball – Players play in fixed positions, but don’t play as a team.Football – Players play on the team, but one position has to be effective for the team’s success.Tennis Doubles Team – Best Type of Team – Players use strengths and weaknesses to overcome difficulties.
Drucker’s Teams
Situations and Team Capabilities
Followership
Ability
Willingness
Confidence
Proactive
The Importance of Good Followership
“Before you can lead, you have to learn to follow”Followership is displaying the attitudes, behaviors, and actions that help a leader succeed at leading A dynamic follower who shares the leader’s goals and values is an invaluable team member
Chapter 8, Lesson 2
The Follower RelationshipThroughout your life you will be a follower in one role or another
For example, on a sports team, you follow the lead of the captain or coach
Chapter 8, Lesson 2Photo courtesy of Thinkstock Images
The Follower RelationshipThe relationship between follower and leader
sometimes blurs
During a single day, a team member’s role might flip back and forth from leader to follower
A group of business leaders was asked to list traits they looked for in leaders and followers. The traits they chose were similar: • Leader: honest, competent, forward-looking,
inspiring
• Follower: honest, competent, dependable, cooperative
Chapter 8, Lesson 2
Followers Have PowerAs a member of a group, you probably possess certain skills or knowledge that no one else does To the degree that the team needs your knowledge and skills, you as a follower can exert considerable power Your skill may even be the power of your personality
Chapter 8, Lesson 2
The Readiness Factors of Followers
Readiness is how prepared a team member is to carry out a particular task or tasks
Team members are at different levels of readiness as they face each task
The leader’s job is to help followers gain the knowledge and skills they need to perform at the highest level they can
Chapter 8, Lesson 2
The Readiness Factors of Followers
Three factors determine readiness:
• ability
• willingness
• confidence
Chapter 8, Lesson 2Photo courtesy of Ilene Perlman
Ability of Followers
Ability is the knowledge, experience, and skill a team member or a team brings to a task
If you are a leader, first consider the task you will be assigning and its desired outcome
Then decide which followers are best suited, by knowledge, skill, and experience, to handle that task
Chapter 8, Lesson 2
Willingness of FollowersWillingness is the degree to which a team member or a team shows confidence, commitment, and motivation to accomplish a task Willingness consists of the ability to do the work, a sense of duty in doing it, and a desire to do it Ability and willingness work in tandem
Chapter 8, Lesson 2
Confidence of FollowersAs team members learn more and become more competent,
their confidence level will increaseConfidence is a team member’s level of energy, enthusiasm,
and commitment As a leader, you must be aware of your followers’ changing
levels of confidence and competence
Chapter 8, Lesson 2