Leader in Identity Management and Digital Payments

www.voicetrust.com © VOICETRUST eServices - strictly confidential

Leader in Identity Management and Digital Payments

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www.voicetrustgroup.com © VOICETRUST eServices - strictly confidential 2

The Wonderful world of Biometrics Welcome to


Biometrics is, in the simplest definition, something you are.

It is a physical characteristic unique to each individual.

Has been in use to identify individuals as early as the ancient Egypt.

Today, it is becoming more and more popular to identify and authenticate

people for accessing secure areas and systems.

What is Biometrics ?


Face Recognition

Finger Printing

Hand Geometry

Palm Vein

Iris Recognition

Voice Recognition Retina Scan

Signatures

DNA

Biometric Types


Voice Biometrics

While pins and passwords will become a relic of the past, voice is emerging as a viable authentication method for online and mobile transactions. Known as ‘Voice Biometrics’ or ‘VoicePrint’, this unique method will become the preferred way of conducting safe and secure financial transactions.

A voice print is as distinctive as a finger print or palm print, thereby separating one individual from another. As a unique, unmistakable authentication system, Voice Biometrics will prevent the risk of unauthorized access, duplication and fraudulent access to business applications.


National & Homeland Security Securing borders, Counter-terrorism, Intelligence gathering, Sample collection of known

terrorists.

Law Enforcement

To identify criminals and/or prove a crime in the court of law.

Enterprise & E-government Services

Identity Management for government entities like Emirates Identity Authority (EIDA).

Banking Transactions

For secured personal details and business transactions such as Online banking,

POS, Tele-banking.

National & Homeland Security

Law Enforcement Enterprise & e-

Government Banking Transactions

Identity Management

Application Domains


General Information about biometrics…


Errors

Accepting the wrong person Terms: False Acceptance (FA) False Positive (FP) False Match (FM) False Alarm The rate (probability): False Acceptance Rate (FAR) False Positive Rate (FPR) False Match Rate (FMR) False Alarm Probability


Errors

Rejecting the right person Terms used: False Rejection (FR) False Negative (FN) False Non-Match (FNM) Miss The rate (probability): False Rejection Rate (FRR) False Negative Rate (FNR) False Non-Match Rate (FNMR) Miss Probability


Customizing Error Rates

Change the threshold to customize error rates.

Lower the threshold to decrease the False Rejection Rate

This will increase the False Acceptance Rate

Sue

Score

Rose John Bob Allan

False Rejection

threshold

False Acceptance


DET (Detection Error Trade-off) Curve

Plot that maps error probabilities

Equal Error Rate (1.1%) Miss Probability = 1.1 % False Alarm = 1.1%

Fals

e R

ejec

tio

n R

ate

(%)

False Acceptance Rate (%)


Errors

Equal Error Rate (EER) The rate where:

False Acceptance Rate =

False Rejection Rate


ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) Curve

Similar to DET curves

Plots:

– error rates (false acceptance vs false rejection) or

– sensitivity (e.g. true acceptance vs false acceptance)


Let’s look at a few types of biometric systems...


Resistance to Spoofing?

Liveness Detection

Can the system detect that the biometric sample is not from a live person?


Fingerprint Recognition

Features Minutiae

Patterns

Sensors Optical

Ultrasonic

Capacitance

Captures ridges and valleys on the surface of a finger



Minutia Features:

Ridge ending

Bifurcation

Short Ridge



Features: Patterns

Arch, Loop or Whorl

ARCH LOOP WHORL



Sensor: Optical

captures a digital image (camera)

Potential problems:

– Scratched or dirty touch surface

– Quality of the skin on the finger

• Dirt, marked fingers

• Eroded skin (can cause fingerprint to not be visible)

– Easily fooled by an image or fake fingerprint

– Liveness detector required



Sensor: Ultrasonic (look beneath the skin)

– Uses high frequency sound waves to penetrate the epidermal layer of skin

– Reflected waves form image of the fingerprint

Advantages:

– Does not depend on clean, undamaged skin

– Not affected by scratched or dirty sensing surface



Sensors: Capacitance

– Uses electrical current to generate an image of ridges and valleys

Two parallel-plates are used:

– the sensor plate, and

– the conductive dermal layer (under the top skin layer called the epidermis)



Passive capacitance senses the volume of air in valleys.

Active capacitance applies voltage in a charging /discharging cycle and compares voltages.

Advantages:

– Harder to spoof

– Not impacted by unclean fingers, damaged epidermal skin or unclean sensing surface


Facial Recognition

Captures facial features

Features Landmarks Structure Textures

Sensors Digital Camera 3D sensors


Facial Recognition

Features: Landmarks & Structure

– Identify relative position, size, and/or shape of the eyes, nose, cheekbones, and jaw, for example


Facial Recognition

Features: Textures

– Uses visual details of the skin (lines, patterns, spots)


Facial Recognition

Sensor: Digital Camera

– Any standard digital camera can be used. Facial recognition apps now exist for most smartphones.


Facial Recognition

Advantages:

– Uses existing devices

Disadvantages:

– Performance depends on conditions (lighting, angle,…)

– Obstructions cause problems (e.g. sunglasses, long hair)

– Profile views problematic

– Facial expressions can cause performance problems (e.g. large smile)

– Many systems are easy to spoof with photos or digital images

– Liveness detection required


Facial Recognition

Sensor: 3D sensor/scanner

– The device captures the 3D geometry of a person’s face (contour of eye sockets, shape of nose, chin,…)

Advantages:

– Not impacted by changes in lighting

– Works from multiple viewing angles

Disadvantages:

– Requires a special camera, or

– A standard camera must capture many angles. Significant post-processing is required.


Voice Biometrics

Captures physical and behavioral vocal features

Features Anatomical features comprising of size and shape of vocal tract (lungs, throat, mouth, tongue)

Behavioral features (accent, inflection, pitch, …)

Sensors Telephone, mobile, microphone


Voice Biometrics

Two types of voice biometrics:

1. Text dependent or “fixed sentence”

2. Text independent or “free-speech”


Voice Biometrics

Text-Dependent

Requires matching of specific utterances

Enrollment Verification Example 1 “My voice is my password” “My voice is my password”

Example 2

“one”, “five”, ”seven”, ”nine” “nine”, “five”, “one”, “seven”


Voice Biometrics

Text-Independent

Based on free-form speech

Enrollment Verification or Identification

A sample of a person speaking in any language and saying any words.

A sample of a person speaking in any language and saying any words


Voice Biometrics

Advantages

– Does not require a special capture device (uses existing microphones, telephones and mobile devices)

– Can be used locally or remotely

– Non-intrusive

– Convenient


Voice Biometrics

Advantages – Text Dependent

– Short enrollment process

– Short verification process

– Accurate with a short audio sample


Voice Biometrics

Advantages – Text Independent

– Can enroll speakers from free form speech, including existing recordings.

– Can perform identification from free-form speech

– Can perform verification during a free-form conversation

– Can be used in combination with ASR for authentication with a random pass-phrase, preventing replay attacks

– Can be used covertly

– examples:

– Real-time Identity AlertsTM

– detect person of interest on a signal intercept


Voice Biometrics

Disadvantages - Text-Dependent:

– Vulnerable to replay attacks

– Channel variability not often handled adequately – Enrollment and Verification should be performed on the same channel (telephone, cell phone, microphone)

– Most systems have difficulty when a speaker has a cold (channel variability issue)


Voice Biometrics

Disadvantages - Text-Independent:

– Requires more data during enrollment (typically 30 seconds or more)

– Verification/Identification performance not as accurate as text-dependent, especially with short utterances


Eye Biometrics

Two types of eye biometrics:

Iris Recognition Retinal Recognition


Iris Recognition

Features - Localizes inner and outer boundaries of the pupil - Extracts a bit pattern encoding

Sensor Camera (uses subtle infrared illumination to capture intricate details)

Captures intricate details of the iris


Iris Recognition

Advantages:

– Accurate (one of the most accurate of biometric technologies)

– Fast & Safe

– Irises are stable – they do not change over a lifetime (except in the case of injury)

– Resistant to false matching (FAR = 1 in 1.2M)


Iris Recognition

Disadvantages:

– Some devices can be fooled by high quality images

– Some devices are difficult to adjust

– The eye must be line-up correctly

– Liveness detection required (e.g. can use light to invoke pupil dilation)


Retinal Recognition

Capture the unique patterns of blood vessels at the back of the eyeball by casting a beam of low-energy infrared light into a person’s eye as they look through a scanner's eyepiece

Iris


Retina Biometrics

Advantages: – Retinal patterns are highly distinctive traits – Every eye has its own totally unique pattern

of blood vessels (the eyes of identical twins are distinct)

– Each pattern normally remains stable over a person’s lifetime (can be affected by disease)

– Considered one of the best biometric for performance/accuracy

– Used for access control in very high security environments


Retina Biometrics

Disadvantages: – Intrusive and inconvenient – Ineffective for the blind and those with

cataracts – Affected by disease such as glaucoma,

diabetes, high blood pressure, and autoimmune deficiency syndrome

– Capture is difficult. (An individual must place their eye very close to the lens of the retina-scan device and remain perfectly still while focusing on a revolving light)

– Any movement can interfere with the process. (Enrollment can easily take more than a minute)


Palmprint Biometrics

Similar to fingerprint systems

Palmprint systems use ridges, principal lines and wrinkles on the surface of the palm

Advantages:

– Larger surface provides for a greater number of possible features for extraction

Disadvantages:

– Palmprint scanners are usually bulkier and more expensive than fingerprint scanners


Hand Geometry Biometrics

Uses the size and shape of the hand

Advantages:

– Ease of use

Disadvantages:

– Hand geometry is not unique and should be combined with another form of verification

– Not recommended for identification (unless combined)


Some behavioral biometrics…


Gait Biometrics

Analyzes human motion (‘locomotion’)

Advantages:

– Can be measured from a distance

Disadvantages:

– Not as reliable as other biometrics

– Gait impacted by footwear, terrain, fatigue, injury, training/weight loss


Typing Rhythm Biometrics

Uses keystroke dynamics (rhythm) such as “dwell time” (key-press time) and “flight time“ (time between key up and key down)

Data is obtained by keystroke logging. The phrase typed is of no use. How a phrase is typed is of importance.

Advantages:

– Can detect when an authenticated user has been replaced at the keyboard

Disadvantages:

– Not as reliable as physical biometrics


Signature Biometrics

Uses the physical characteristics of signing such as pressure applied, speed, and stroke order. (Some systems also compare the actual signature image.)

Advantages:

– Difficult to mimic signing behavior (easier to mimic the signature)

– Low false acceptance rate

– Not perceived to be invasive

Disadvantages:

– People don’t always sign in a consistent manner


Voice Biometrics….


Into the intriguing world of Voice Biometrics……


Natural It is quite natural to

speak.

Low Cost. Does not require any additional hardware

or special device.

Convenient. Allows remote user

authentication

Simple. Can be used with any Telephone or Mobile.

Scalable. Reachable to 4 billion

mobile users

Unique. Generated by 14 body

organs

Robust High accuracy

Voice Biometrics – Advantages


Uniqueness of the Human Voice

Voice biometrics differs from all other forms of biometrics as voice is a complex function created and generated by at least 14 different physical organs.

FIG: PHYSICAL ORGANS RESPONSIBLE FOR CREATING UNIQUE CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS & DATAPOINTS

In a 4-second voice sample, there are over 200,000 data points with 1,200 characteristic parameters

The spoken phrases are rich in vowels. VOICETRUST has patented the selection of such phrases according to their phonetic suitability.


Using Voice Biometrics mainly consists of the following two processes. 1. Enrollment / Registration

a. This is the process of capturing voice samples from the user through a Telephone or a mobile device and feeding this data to the Voice biometric engine.

b. The Voice biometric engine uses these samples to generate what is known as a unique “Voice-Model” or a “Voice-Print” for each individual.

2. Verification / Authentication Once the user’s Voice-Print is already available in the system, the user can gain remote

access to various services by going though a Voice verification process.

a. Here, the user is challenged by the Voice Verifier to say or repeat some words/sentences using a Telephone or a Mobile device.

b. The Voice Verifier compares the user’s speech against the stored “Voice-Print” and based on the results of the comparison, either provides or rejects access to the user.

Using Voice Biometrics – The Process


In the News around the World

Voice Biometrics ….


May 03, 2009. Philippines Pension Scheme Uses Voice Biometrics The Philippines government has rolled out voice biometric service for its GSIS (Government Service Insurance System) pension payments service for about 1.5 million pensioners. The service makes it possible for pensioners to carry out financial transactions with GSIS over the phone, rather than at GSIS offices and kiosks.

June 11, 2009. National Australia Bank replaces PINS with Voice Biometrics Voice-based security solution is now available to NAB’s 3.3 million personal banking customers . The new speech security service will enable customers calling NAB’s customer contact centre to register their voice pattern and use this for authentication on subsequent calls.

Voice Biometric services – in the News

2004. VolksWagen Bank introduces voice biometric Services One of the largest providers of internet-based banking services in Germany with around 940,000 customers and a consolidated asset base of Euro. 34 billion, VW bank launches voice biometric services for password resets for it’s internal staff.

2001 Allianz Group launches voice recognition system for password reset One of the leading integrated financial services providers worldwide with 151,000 employees worldwide, and more than 76 million customers in about 70 countries, Allianz Bank launches automated password reset solutions using voice biometrics.


12 June, 2009. Australian financial services security using voice biometrics Telephone customers of Aviva Australia financial services group are authenticated using voice biometrics system. In what is a first for the Australian life insurance and wealth management industry, Aviva will utilize the voice biometric capability to transform the way it interacts with its customers and advisors. Simply by using the unique characteristics of the member's voice, the identity of callers to Aviva can be quickly verified and the call routed to the most appropriate resource.

19 April, 2010. Banks Adopt High Enrolment Rate with Voice Biometrics services Voice biometric services have been successfully deployed at three banks in Israel for use in contact centres with enrolment rates exceeding 100,000 users per month. Bank HaPoalim, Bank Leumi, and Discount Bank have all rolled out secure Voice Biometric applications to the public. Applications include PIN reset and PIN-less access to contact centres, self-service eBanking password reset and Real-Time Fraudsters Detection.

22 September, 2009. Voice-based self services assist New Zealand Ministry The New Zealand Ministry of Social Development (NZMSD) has won a 2009 Telecommunications Users Association of New Zealand (TUANZ) Award, following the introduction of speech recognition services into its Work and Income contact centre. The centre receives approximately 6.5 million incoming calls annually. The voice-enabled technology has increased the call capacity and enhanced the service to clients.

Voice Biometric services – in the News


Some services and applications in the banking sector …….

Voice Biometrics….


Automate caller

recognition

Protect your

Passwords

Automate your

Password resets

via Telephone

Substitute your

RSA Tokens

Secure your shopping

on the web

LAW ENFORCEMENT

VPN LOGIN

PASSWORD RESET

CLICK & CARD

Use your voice to

prove you are alive

Secure your POS

transactions

Protect your Check from

frauds

CHECK VERIFICATION SECURE STUDENT

CLICK AND VOICE

Remotely access your results

and submit your tests

Protect Homeland and

people

User’s Voice Print Voice

Authentication

PROOF-OF-LIFE

VOICESAFE

Applications and Services

CALLER

IDENTIFICATION


User Enrolls by calling the

service.

System Requests for Voice Samples

System Generates a unique Voice-Print for the user and stores in

the database.

Voice Enrollment

User provides voice samples

Customers can enroll for various kinds of services using their voice by calling the service number. The system requests the user to provide his/her voice samples by either asking the user to utter random text or asking the user to repeat the text as uttered by the system. The system uses these samples to generate a unique voice-print and stores this in the user database.

Voice Biometric System

Biometric Engine


User calls the service.

System challenges the user to repeat

words/digits.

System compares samples with stored

Voice-print.

Secure Tele-Banking

User repeats words/digits.

System provides access to tele-banking services.

1.Transer money. 2.Pay Bills. 3. Change Cash PIN

Customers can now enroll for this service using their voice and subsequently gain access to all tele-banking services by using their voice. This simple service eliminates any chance of the customer account being accessed by any fraudulent means. Below illustration assumes that the user has already been enrolled with the service.


Biometric Engine


Biometric Engine


Bank

Cheque Verification Request

Secure Check Verification

High net-worth customers can now enroll for this service using their voice and subsequently pre-authenticate their cheques by using their voice to ensure that the cheque has indeed been issued by him (genuine user). This simple service eliminates any chance of a cheque being issued by any fraudulent means. Below illustration assumes that the user has already been enrolled with the service.

User Account


Biometric Engine


User calls the service.

System challenges the user to repeat

words/digits.

System compares samples with stored

Voice-print.

Automated Password Reset

User repeats words/digits.

Customers can now enroll for this service using their voice and subsequently request for a password reset using their voice. This service fully automates the password reset process, thus eliminating the need to have a manual help-desk staff thereby reducing cost and increasing staff productivity.

System connects to the Banking system and resets

the password.

System converts new password into speech and plays to the User

Banking Systems


Biometric Engine


Biometric Engine


Voicerust Brief Profile


Ramphastos Investments

VT ME Holding BV.

VoiceTrust eServices Pakistan

VoiceTrust GmbH

VoiceTrust Technologies

Inc

VoiceTrust eServices

North America Inc

VoiceTrust eServcies Canada

VC Bank Ltd

Middle East Europe US Canada

Active Legal Entity By Dec 2011

VoiceTrust eServices

MENA FZ LLC

VT POL FZ LLC

VT mPayments FZ LLC

Within One Year

VoiceTrust Holding BV

Secure Payments

Group*

Group Entity * Secure payments group: 50% voting rights and 43% shareholding.

VoiceTrust Group Structure


Patent Portfolio

Mobile Telephone system

EP1531459 US 6934849

Voice Access EP 08101082.9

US20080192901 PCT/EP2008/051117

Mobile Signature EP 1953762A2

US20080177550 PCT/EP2008/050782

Virtual Credit Card EP1172771 US 6934849

Voice Token PCT/EP2008/053468

Hybrid Voice Verification

US20080281600

Mobile Money Transfer Prepaid US 11/970,088

Voice ID Card US 11/969,998

Mobile Money Transfer PCT application filed

12/12/2008

Safe Click Shopping

EP 1172770

Phoneme Suitability and Keyword Selection

German patent No. 102007005704

PCT/EP2008/051019

Improved Speaker Recognition

US2007233483 EP1843325

Robust Speaker Recognition

US2007276663 EP1860647 Multi-Level-Technique

for Speaker Verification PCT/EP2008/052023

Replay Attack Recognition EP06010748.9 US 11/482,549

VoiceTrust

IP Portfolio

Our solutions are built on a strong patent portfolio


Reference customers at a glance

http://www.amb-generali.de/internet/amb/amb_inter.nsf/ContentByKey/HOME-123456-DE-p

http://www.michelin.fr/fr/groupe_france/home.jsp


Contents

Thank You

Estelle Byrne

Business Development Manager

VoiceTrust eServices MENA FZ LLC

Mobile Number: +971 50 259 0275

Email: [email protected]

Documents

Leader in Identity Management and Digital Payments