Lcture Notes - Tissues

7/23/2019 Lcture Notes - Tissues

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Epithelial and Connective

Tissues• Epithelial tissues

– Classes

– Junctions

– Glands

• Connective Tissues

– Matrix

– Cells

– Types



4 Types of Tissue

1)Epithelium

2)Connective3)Muscle

4)Nervous



Tissues !roups of cells closely associated that

have a si"ilar structure and perfor" a related function

• #our types of tissue

– Epithelial = covering

– Connective = support– Muscle $ "ove"ent

– Nervous $ control

• Most or!ans contain all 4 types• Connective tissue has non%livin! extra%

cellular "aterial &"atrix) 'et(een itscells



E*T+E,*-, T*../E.• .heets of cells

• .peciali0ed contacts1cell 2unctions &see 'elo()• asal la"ina protein scaoldin! secreted 'y

epithelial cells

• ase"ent "e"'rane reticular 5'ers &crossed

colla!en net(or6) that supports epitheliu"%%really associated connective tissue

• Connective tissue support

• Nutrients fro" capillaries in underlyin!

connective tissue• Nerves pass throu!h

• Easily re!enerates

• E7!7 s6in8 linin! of !ut8 "ucous "e"'ranes



• Simple: 2ust

one layer or cellshape

• Stratifed:

"ultiple layersand cell shapes

Classes of Epithelia



.i"ple Epithelia

Type Cell shape Example

.9ua"ous .9uashed Endotheliu" &lines 'loodvessels)8 "esotheliu"

&serous linin! of ce lo")

Cu'oidal Cu'ed :alls of !lands

Colu"nar Colu"ns ,inin! of !ut tu'e;so"eti"es (ith cilia li6e

linin! of uterine tu'e

seudo%strati5ed #lat cells !ive rise

to colu"ns

:ith cilia in respiratory

tu'es to "ove

"ucous1particles out of

lun!s



.trati5ed Epithelia

• .9ua"ous

– E7!7 epider"is

• Transitionalepitheliu"

– E7!7 urinarystructures%%'ladder

– .tretches fro" <cells to 3 cells

thic6 as 'ladder5lls and expands





Can =ou *dentify theClasses of Epitheliu">

-

C

?

E@ui0A

A



Cell Junctions

• ?es"oso"e 'indin! spots'et(een cells (ith proteins called

cadherins• Ti!ht 2unctions i"per"ea'le

– E7!7 !ut tu'e8 doesnBt let en0y"esfro" !ut into 'lood strea"

• Gap 2unctions tu'es that let s"all"olecules pass 'et(een cells





#eatures of -pical .urfaceof Epitheliu"

Microvilli &ex) in s"all intestine

#in!er%li6e extensions of the plas"a"e"'rane of apical epithelial cell

*ncrease surface area for a'sorptionCilia &ex) respiratory tu'es

:hip%li6e8 "otile extensions

Moves "ucus8 etc7 over epithelial surface%(ay

#la!ella &ex) sper"ato0a

Extra lon! cilia



#eatures of ,ateral .urfaceof Epitheliu"

• Cells are connected to nei!h'orin! cellsvia

– roteins%lin6 cells to!ether8 interdi!itate

– Contour of cells%(avy contour 5ts to!ether

– Cell Junctions

• ?es"oso"es%adhesive spots on lateral sides

• Ti!ht Junctions%at apical area8 plas"a "e"'raneof ad2acent cells fuse8 nothin! passes

• Gap 2unction%spot%li6e 2unction occurrin!any(here8 lets s"all "olecules pass



#eatures of the asal .urface of Epitheliu"

• asal la"ina supportive sheet 'et(eenepitheliu" and underlyin! connective tissue

– .elective 5lter

• ase"ent "e"'rane $ 'asal la"ina plusunderlyin! reticular 5'er layer

– -ttaches epitheliu" to connective tissue 'elo(

• .o"eti"es the t(o are used interchan!ea'ly



#eatureA

&na"e and location on cell)

• Cilia

• Ti!ht

2unction• Microvilli

• ase"ent"e"'rane

D

3

4

3

D

4

epithelial cells that "a6e



epithelial cells that "a6e

and secrete a (ater%'asedsu'stance

• Exocrine Glands– .ecrete su'stance onto 'ody

surface or into 'ody cavity

– +ave ducts

– E7G78 salivary8 "a""ary8pancreas8 liver

• Endocrine Glands– .ecrete product into 'lood strea"

– Either stored in secretory cells or infollicle surrounded 'y secretorycells

– +or"ones travel to tar!et or!an toincrease response

– No ducts



CNNECT*FE T*../E.

• -reolar tissueH as "odel

• /niversal in 'ody

• /nderlies epitheliu"8 supportscapillaries8 s"all nn7

• -l(ays ori!inates fro""esenchy"e

• CE,,. in M-TI*



Extracellular "atrix

• #i'ers

– Colla!en !ives structure

– Ieticular 5'ers &crossed colla!en)!ives order

– Elastin !ives elasticity

• Ground su'stance– Jelly%li6e "aterial "ade of su!ar%

protein "olecules &proteo!lycans)



Cells of Connective

Tissues• #i'ro'lasts "a6e 5'ers

• *""une cells in areolar tissue

– Macropha!es– las"a cells

– Mast cells

– Neutrophils8 ,y"phocytes





,ooseH connective tissues

• -dipose tissue "ostly under s6inand in "esenteries

• Ieticular or!ani0ed 3%? net(or6of 5'ers that support lots of cells

– E7!7 "arro(8 spleen8 ly"ph nodes

?enseH Connective



?enseH Connectivetissues

• *rre!ular– Thic6 5'ers runnin! in "any planes

– E7!7 der"is8 5'rous capsules around or!ans

• Ie!ular

– -li!ned parallel 5'ers

– Iesists tension

– E7!7 tendon8 li!a"ents8 aponeuroses

–.o"eti"es (ith elastic 5'ers &e7!7li!a"entu" nuchae)



ther Connective Tissues

• one

• Cartila!e

• lood

Documents

Lcture Notes - Tissues