LCCM Research Digest (May-July 2009 ed.)

8/4/2019 LCCM Research Digest (May-July 2009 ed.)

1/12OIIK Rgyghrin Dcmgyt 8

Mgegrho Vgrigvtcle

Tgogqcycle .TQ# hy nlwygnlod hvvocheig nhy

ho}hsy bgge iledgyigedcemos qcg}gd hy tng ceahklwybllb twbg tlmgtngr }ctn cty qcg}gr bgcem jel}e hy

tng irweins ilwin vlthtl% Kwin nhy bgge yhcd hblwt

cty yggkcem wygawoegyy ce tng hrgh la ceytcoocem

gdwihtcleho dcyicvoceg hed ytwds nhbcty gyvgichoos

hklemyt tng slwemytgry% ]ctn cty hoogmgdos hddcitcqg

httctwdg h qcg}gr dgqgolvy dwg tl cty nsveltci owrg la

ynl}cem httrhitcqg qcywhoy rhtngr tnhe lqgrohvvcem

tg~ty ce blljy hed khmhpcegy ce dgyircbcem ehrrhtcqgy/

leg acedy ce tngk klrg voghywrg hed ge`lskget rhtngr

tnhe ce ynggr alet+ycpgd ogttgry hed }lrdy vrcetgd legctngr bllj vrcet lr eg}y vrcet vhvgr%

Heltngr hrmwkget cy cty ahyt vhigd qcywho iloohmg

hed klethmg% Tng httrhitcle la dcmctcpgd gdctcem

geilwrhmgy tng qcg}gr tl hvvrgichtg tng ohemwhmg la

acok% Wedgrythedcem ycmey hed yskbloy tnrlwmn qcywho

ygkcltciy hed yseth~ khjgy leg hvvrgichtcqg la tng

drhkhtci aol} gqge }ctnlwt tng kceckho wyg la

dcholmwgy lr klelolmwgy lr qlcig+lqgry%

Bwt tng dl}e ycdg la }ncin cy tng qcg}gry

gqgetwho dgvrgichtcle alr tng }rcttge }lrd% ]ncogvhcetgros vcitwrgy hed klqcem ckhmgy yggk klrgrgho/ tng g~gricyg tl dgqgolv legy agrtcogckhmcehtcle tnrlwmn tng hrt la rghdcem cy rgogmhtgdtl tng bhij bwregr% Tng rgywot/ tngrgalrg/ cy legyvhtngtci cegvtegyy tl vrldwig ckhmcegdvnltlmrhvny tnrlwmn }lrdy%

Ce Dgageyg la Tgogqcycle Qcg}cem

Tng vrgqhogeig la tgogqcycle qcg}cem/ nl}gqgr/ynlwod elt g~cyt kgrgos alr ynggr getgrthcekgetyyhjg% Vrlmrhky alr getgrthcekget ynlwod hoyl

ceytcoo qhowgy tl cty qcg}gry/ hobgct ce h ywbockceho}hs/ bgihwyg ct cy h ylicho rgyvleycbcocts tnhtynlwod ho}hsy bg wvngod% Hed tnht rgyvleycbcocts/tl kg/ cy ele+egmltchbog% C yhs tncy bgihwygiwrrget tgogqcycle vrlmrhkkcem ce cty getcrgtsileycyty la >6' getgrthcekget hy lvvlygd tl 26'la eg}y/ vwboci hed iwrrget haahcry%

Tng kgdcwk/ lr vrligyy/ la lwr tckg + gogitrci tginelolms + cy rgynhvcem hed rgytrwitwrcem vhttgrey la

ylicho cetgrdgvgedgeig hed gqgrs hyvgit la lwr vgryleho ocag% Ct cy alricem wy tl rgileycdgr hed rg+gqhowhtg

vrhitcihoos gqgrs tnlwmnt/ gqgrs hitcle/ hed gqgrs ceytctwtcle alrkgros thjge alr mrhetgd% Gqgrstncem cy

inhemcem0 slw/ slwr ahkcos/ slwr gdwihtcle/ slwr egcmnblrnlld/ slwr `lb/ slwr mlqgrekget/ slwr rgohtcle tl

tng ltngry% Hed tngsrg inhemcem drhkhtcihoos% KiOwnhe .831=#%

Tgogqcycle Qcg}cem hy Vltget Tllo ce Dgqgolvcem Irctciho hed

Irghtcqg Tncejcem Yjcooy0 H Trheyalrkhtcqg Gdwihtcle Vgryvgitcqg

Ihroctl V% Ihyh`g

VHHYIW hed VHIWILH Hiirgdctgd Khs @wos 2663

CEYCDG0

Cealrkhtcle Tginelolms

Gtnciy alr Vrlagyyclehoy

H Kced cy h Tgrrcbog Tncem tl]hytg

Molbho ]htgr Wyg

CYYE 8171+>=>>


2/12

OIIK Rgyghrin Dcmgyt 2

Bwt gqge }ctn hoo la tngyg alrkhty hqhcohbog ce olihotgogqcycle vrlmrhkkcem hrg vwt tlmgtngr/ qhowg+ohdgevhrhdcmky ynlwod ho}hsy bg ythvog ahrg% ]ns< Yckvosbgihwyg tgogqcycle qcg}cem/ alr hoo cetgety hedvwrvlygy/ gyvgichoos ce h ihvcthocyt ylicgts/ cy

ilkkgrichoos argg hed hqhcohbog hes}ngrg hedhestckg leg y}ctingy le tng ygt hed inhemginheegoy/ rgmhrdogyy hy tl }nlgqgr vwty ct le lr laa/}ngtngr yng bg h mrwkvs mrhees lr h t}l+sghr lodincod alr tng inheego inhemgr }coo ho}hsy bg tngrgalr tng iocij%

Oliho Ihbog Tgogqcycle

Ce Kgtrl Khecoh/ YjsIhbog hed Molbho Dgytces hrgtng vrckhrs ihbog lvgrhtlry% YjsIhbog hoyl nhyvrlqceicho haacochtgy/ }ncin ihrrs tng alrkgr-y brhed

hed vrlmrhkkcem khs qhrs arlk tng leg vrlqcdgd ceKgtrl Khecoh% Ce 2661/ dcmctho ihbog }hy ohweingd%Tncy elt leos khdg hddctcleho inheegoy vlyycbog bwthoyl vrg+vhcd ihbog ygrqcig% Bltn ilkvhecgy hoyl laagrihbog cetgregt }ngrg ihbog tgogqcycle cy bwedogd gctngrargg lr ht h dcyilwet%

Bgycdgy ihbog/ dcrgit+tl+nlkg yhtgooctg cy laagrgdtnrlwmn Drghk Tgogqcycle hed nhy vrg+vhcd qhrchety%

Jgs Ileigvty la Irctciho Tncejcem

8% Irctciho tncejcem cy h vrldwitcqg hed vlyctcqghitcqcts%

2% Irctciho tncejcem cy h vrligyy/ elt helwtilkg%

9% Irctciho tncejcem ihe bg trcmmgrgd bs vlyctcqggqgety hy }goo hy egmhtcqg legy%

4% Irctciho tncejcem ceqloqgy aggocemy hy }goo hyrghyley%

Irctciho Qcg}cem Ileigvty

Tng jgs ilkvleget tl kgdch octgrhis cywedgrythedcem tng yskbloy/ cealrkhtcle/ cdghy/qhowgy/ hed kgyyhmgy tnht gkhehtg arlk tngkgdch% Irctciho qcg}cem ileigvty }ncin hvvos tlhoo qcywho kgdch/ hed gyvgichoos TQ/ hrg0 .8# tngdcrgitcle la tng ihkgrh }coo haagit nl} hvhrtciwohr yigeg cy vgrigcqgd: .2# h dcrgitlr iheinllyg h ihkgrh vlyctcle tl ckvhrt hoklyt hesdgycrgd kgyyhmg: .9# gqge tnlwmn tng gqget cy"ocqg/" tng dcrgitlr ihe ytcoo "gdct" tng gqget bsygogitcem }ncin ihkgrh }coo vlrtrhs tng gqget:.4# hatgr he gqget/ tng gdctlr ihe `w~thvlyg hygrcgy la ckhmgy tl ileqgs qcrtwhoos hes dgycrgdkgyyhmg%

WOTRH%A% .e%d%#% ZH ahkcos }htincem tgogqcycle ce tng ocqcem rllk[% Rgtrcgqgd @wos 2/ 2663 arlk nttv0,,}}}%mgttsckhmgy%ilk,dgthco,>>2>=138,Vnltldcyi%


3/12


Kldgoy alr Irctciho Qcg}cem

Qcg}gry ynlwod acryt hyj tngkygoqgy tngalool}cem }nge }htincem tgogqcycle0 }nht cy tncyvrlmrhk-y vlcet la qcg}/ }nht ceagrgeigy ihe bgdrh}e arlk tng vrlmrhk/ }nht vgrywhycqgtginecxwgy hrg wygd/ hed }nht gqcdgeig cy wygd tlywvvlrt tng vrlmrhk-y hrmwkget< Hatgr tncy cectchoxwgytclecem/ ygvhrhtg kldgoy ihe bg wygd alrqcg}cem eg}y vrlmrhky/ vloctciho hdqgrtcygkgety lr

dgbhtgy/ cetgrqcg}y/ getgrthcekget vrlmrhky/yvlrty/ lr ilkkgrichoy%]nht qhowgy dlgy tng vrlmrhk ileqgs% Nlelr ileacdgetchocts%

Tng vrceicvog la nlegyts g~tgedy tl cyywgy laileacdgetchocts la cealrkhtcle }ngegqgr leg nhy khdghe g~vocict vrlkcyg tl nlelr ileacdgetchocts lr/ ckvocictos/}nge vrcqhtg cealrkhtcle elt dcrgitos rgohtgd tl tngvgralrkheig la leg-y dwtcgy bgilkgy hqhcohbog% Tnggtnciho ileigre cy tl rgyvgit hoo lbocmhtcley laileacdgetchocts tl gkvolsgry/ iocgety/ hed wygry weogyydcyinhrmgd arlk ywin lbocmhtcley bs rgxwcrgkgety latng oh} lr ltngr rceic ogy la tncy Ildg%

Hyylichtcle alr Ilkvwtcem Khincegrs .HKI# Mgegrho Klrho Ckvgrhtcqgy


6/12


Tng BIY kgkbgryncv ilqgry hoo liiwvhtcleyrgogqhet tl tng wyg la ilkvwtgry hed ct cy eltvlyycbog tl dgaceg tng Ildg ce tgrky dcrgitosrgogqhet tl ghin cedcqcdwho kgkbgr% Alr tncyrghyle tng Ildg cy ygt lwt ce t}l ogqgoy tl gehboggqgrs kgkbgr tl rghin hvvrlvrchtgcetgrvrgthtcley% Ht Ogqgo Leg/ h ygrcgy la brcgaythtgkgety dgaceg tng gogkgety la vrhitcig tl bglbygrqgd/ }ncog Ogqgo T}l/ rgagry tltng rhtclehogalr tng Ogqgo Leg ythtgkgety dgiohrgd%

Tncy hrtciog ilqgry Ogqgo Leg leos tl g~vohce}nht ghin kgkbgr kwyt dl ce rgyvgit la ncy lrngr }lrj hed rgyvleycbcocts% Tngyg hrg tngythtgkgety vrlqcdgd ce tng BIY Ildg la Vrhitcigce Ogqgo leg%

2% Brctcyn Ilkvwtgr Ylicgts .BIY#% Tng BrctcynIlkvwtgr Ylicgts }hy h ildg la iledwit hedildg la vrhitcig alr ilkvwtgr vrlagyyclehoy cetng Wectgd Jcemdlk% Tncy }hy ceilrvlrhtgd ce@wos 83>4 hed }hy ihoogd tng BIY Ildg laVrhitcig% Tncy ildg ygty tng vrlagyyclehoythedhrdy la ilkvgtgeig/ iledwit hed gtncihovrhitcig alr ilkvwtcem ce tng Wectgd Jcemdlk% Ctileycyty/ gyygetchoos/ la h ygrcgy la ythtgkgety}ncin vrgyircbg kceckwk ythedhrdy la vrhitcig/

tl bg lbygrqgd bs hoo kgkbgry% Ct cy ileigregd}ctn vrlagyycleho rgyvleycbcocts/ nhqcem hookgkbgry rgyvleycbog tl iocgety/ tl wygry/ tl tngYthtg hed ylicgts ht ohrmg% Tnlyg kgkbgry }nlhrg gkvolsggy hoyl nhqg rgyvleycbcoctcgy tl tngcrgkvolsgry hed gkvolsgry- iwytlkgry hed/ latge/tl h Trhdg Wecle%

8% Vgryleho rgxwcrgkgety

8%8 Jggv nckygoa/ hed ywblrdcehtgycealrkgd la ywin eg} tginelolmcgy/vrhitcigy/ ogmho rgxwcrgkgety hedythedhrdy hy hrg rgogqhet tl ncy dwtcgy%

8%2 Geywrg ywblrdcehtgy hrg trhcegd ce lrdgrtl bg gaagitcqg ce tngcr dwtcgy hed tlxwhocas alr ceirghygd rgyvleycbcoctcgy%

8%9 Hiigvt leos ywin }lrj hy ng bgocgqg ngcy ilkvgtget tl vgralrk hed elt ngycthtgtl lbthce hddctcleho g~vgrtcyg arlkhvvrlvrchtgos xwhocacgd cedcqcdwhoy }ngrg

hdqcyhbog%

8%4 Hitcqgos yggj lvvlrtwectcgy alr ceirghycemgaacicgeis hed gaagitcqgegyy tl tngbgegact la tng wygr hed la tng wotckhtgrgicvcget%

2% Lrmhecyhtcle hed khehmgkget

2%8 Vohe/ gythbocyn hed rgqcg} lb`gitcqgy/thyjy hed lrmhecphtcleho ytrwitwrgy alrnckygoa hed ywblrdcehtgy/ tl ngov kggtlqgrhoo lb`gitcqgy%

2%2 Geywrg tnht hes yvgicaci thyjy hrg

hyycmegd tl cdgetcacgd cedcqcdwhoyhiilrdcem tl tngcr jel}e hbcocts hedilkvgtgeig%

2%9 Gythbocyn hed khcethce inheegoy lailkkwecihtcle arlk hed tl ygeclry/gxwhoy hed ywblrdcehtgy%

2%4 Bg hiilwethbog alr tng xwhocts/tckgocegyy hed wyg la rgylwrigy ce tng}lrj alr }ncin ng cy rgyvleycbog%

9% Iletrhitcem

9%8 Yggj g~vgrt hdqcig ce tng vrgvhrhtcle lahes alrkho iletrhit%

9%2 Geywrg tnht hoo rgxwcrgkgety hed tngvrgicyg rgyvleycbcocts la hoo vhrtcgyhdgxwhtgos ilqgrgd ce hes iletrhit lrtgedgrcem vrligdwrgy%

4% Vrcqhis/ ygiwrcts hed cetgmrcts

4%8 Hyigrthce hed gqhowhtg hoo vltgetcho rcyjy ceh vhrtciwohr vrl`git }ctn rgmhrd tl tng ilyt/

gaagitcqgegyy hed vrhitcihbcocts lavrlvlygd ogqgoy la ygiwrcts%

4%2 Rgilkkged hvvrlvrchtg ogqgoy la ygiwrcts/ilkkgeywrhtg }ctn tng hetcicvhtgd rcyjy/hed hvvrlvrchtg tl tng eggdy la tng iocget%

4%9 Hvvos/ klectlr hed rgvlrt wvle tnggaagitcqgegyy la tng hmrggd ogqgoy laygiwrcts%

4%4 Geywrg tnht hoo ythaa hrg trhcegd tl thjggaagitcqg hitcle tl vrltgit ocag/ dhth hedgxwcvkget .ce tnht lrdgr# ce tng gqget ladcyhytgr%

4%7 Thjg hoo rghylehbog kghywrgy tl vrltgitileacdgetcho cealrkhtcle arlk cehdqgrtgetlr dgocbgrhtg ckvrlvgr hiigyy lr wyg%

4%1 Geywrg tnht ilkvgtget vglvog hrghyycmegd tl bg rgyvleycbog alr tnghiiwrhis hed cetgmrcts la tng dhth ce tngdhth acog hed ghin vhrt la helrmhecphtcle-y dhthbhyg%

Ylwrig0 nttv0,,gtnciy%cct%gdw

Brctcyn Ilkvwtgr Ylicgts .BIY# Ildg la Vrhitcig Ogqgo Leg


7/12

OIIK Rgyghrin Dcmgyt =

9% Ceytctwtg la Gogitrciho hed Gogitrleciy Gemceggry.CGGG#Ildg la Gtnciy% Tng CGGG .vrlelweigd hy C/trcvog G# cy he hyylichtcle dgdcihtgd tl tng alytgrcemla tginelolmciho ceelqhtcle hed g~igoogeig alr tngbgegact la nwkhects/ cy tng }lrody ohrmgyt tginecihovrlagyycleho ylicgts% Ct cy dgycmegd tl ygrqgvrlagyyclehoy ceqloqgd ce hoo hyvgity la tng gogitrciho/gogitrleci hed ilkvwtcem acgody hed rgohtgd hrghy layicgeig hed tginelolms tnht wedgrocg kldgreicqcocphtcle% Tnht cy/ CGGG cy h oghdcem hwtnlrcts lehrghy rhemcem arlk hgrlyvhig ysytgky/ ilkvwtgry

Ytggog/ J% .e%d%#% ZYicgetcyt G~hkcecem Kcirlincv[% Rgtrcgqgd @wos 2/ 2663arlk nttv0,,}}}%mgttsckhmgy%ilk,dgthco,YT668777,Vnltldcyi

8% tl hiigvt rgyvleycbcocts ce khjcem dgicycley

ileycytget }ctn tng yhagts/ nghotn hed }goahrg la

tng vwboci/ hed tl dcyiolyg vrlkvtos ahitlry tnht

kcmnt gedhemgr tng vwboci lr tng geqcrlekget:

2% tl hqlcd rgho lr vgrigcqgd ileaocity la cetgrgyt

}ngegqgr vlyycbog/ hed tl dcyiolyg tngk tl

haagitgd vhrtcgy }nge tngs dl g~cyt:

9% tl bg nlegyt hed rghocytci ce ythtcem iohcky lr

gytckhtgy bhygd le hqhcohbog dhth:

4% tl rg`git brcbgrs ce hoo cty alrky:

7% tl ckvrlqg tng wedgrythedcem la tginelolms/ cty

hvvrlvrchtg hvvocihtcle/ hed vltgetcho

ileygxwgeigy:1% tl khcethce hed ckvrlqg lwr tgineciho

ilkvgtgeig hed tl wedgrthjg tginelolmciho

thyjy alr ltngry leos ca xwhocacgd bs trhcecem lrg~vgrcgeig/ lr hatgr awoo dcyiolywrg la vgrtcegetockcthtcley:

=% tl yggj/ hiigvt/ hed laagr nlegyt irctcicyk latgineciho }lrj/ tl hijel}ogdmg hed ilrrgit

grrlry/ hed tl irgdct vrlvgros tng iletrcbwtcleyla ltngry:

>% tl trght ahcros hoo vgryley rgmhrdogyy la ywinahitlry hy rhig/ rgocmcle/ mgedgr/ dcyhbcocts/ hmg/lr ehtcleho lrcmce:

3% tl hqlcd ce`wrcem ltngry/ tngcr vrlvgrts/rgvwthtcle/ lr gkvolskget bs ahoyg lr khociclwyhitcle: hed

86% tl hyycyt ilooghmwgy hed il+}lrjgry ce tngcrvrlagyycleho dgqgolvkget hed tl ywvvlrttngk ce alool}cem tncy ildg la gtnciy%

Ylwrig0 nttv0,,}}}%cggg%lrm

Ceytctwtg la Gogitrciho hed Gogitrleciy Gemceggry .CGGG#Ildg la Gtnciy

hed tgogilkkwecihtcley tl bclkgdciho gemceggrcem/gogitrci vl}gr hed ileywkgr gogitrleciy hklemltngry%

Tngcr kgkbgry rgos le CGGG hy h ylwrig latgineciho hed vrlagyycleho cealrkhtcle/ rgylwrigyhed ygrqcigy% Ct alytgry he cetgrgyt ce tng gemceggrcemvrlagyycle hed hoyl ygrqgy ytwdget kgkbgry ceiloogmgy hed wecqgryctcgy hrlwed tng }lrod% Tng

kgkbgr ce hes mrhdg ynhoo ihrrs tng lbocmhtcle tlhbcdg bs tng CGGG Ildg la Gtnciy .CGGG Vlocis =%>#%Ocjg}cyg/ ce tngcr rgilmectcle la tng ckvlrtheig latginelolmcgy hy tngs haagit tng xwhocts la ocagtnrlwmnlwt tng }lrod/ hed ce hiigvtcem h vgryleholbocmhtcle tl tng vrlagyycle/ cty kgkbgry hed tngilkkwectcgy tngs ygrqg/ nhqg ilkkcttgdtngkygoqgy tl tng ncmngyt gtnciho hed vrlagyyclehoiledwit hed hmrgg le tng 86+vlcet gtnciho ildgy%

4% Vncocvvceg Ilkvwtgr Ylicgts .VIY#Ildg la Gtnciy% Tng Vncocvvceg IlkvwtgrYlicgts cy h vrgkcgrg lrmhecphtcle lacealrkhtcle tginelolms vrlagyyclehoy }ctnlqgr =66 kgkbgry ehtcle}cdg% VIYrgilmecpgy tng ceqhowhbog iletrcbwtcle la CTtl tng hdqheigkget la tng ehtcle% Yceig ctyalrkhtcle ce 831=/ VIY nhy yvghrnghdgdoliho hed cetgrehtcleho hitcqctcgy }ncin

ytrcqg tl iletcewlwyos vrlkltg/ vrltgit hedgenheig tng kgkbgry la tng CT vrlagyycle%

Ce hiilrdheig }ctn cty lb`gitcqg alrvrlagyycleho g~igoogeg/ VIY }coo bg tngoghd lrmhecphtcle tnht }coo wvnlod tngncmngyt ogqgo la vrlagyycleho bgnhqclr hediledwit% Tncy }hy }rcttge ce tngcr ildg lagtnciy ythtgkget la vrceicvogy hedvrlagyycleho iledwit alr hoo kgkbgry la tng


8/12

OIIK Rgyghrin Dcmgyt >

ylicgts% Hy dgacegd ce cty iletg~t/ he CealrkhtcleTginelolms Vrlagyycleho cy ylkgleg }nldgqgolvy lr vrlqcdgy cealrkhtcle tginelolmsvrldwity hed,lr ygrqcigy tl tng vwboci% Tnwy/ ng lryng kwyt hbcdg bs tng vrghkbog ythtgd bgol}0

Vncocvvceg Ilkvwtgr Ylicgts .VIY#

Ildg la Gtnciy

VRGHKBOG0

C }coo wyg ks yvgicho jel}ogdmg hed yjcooy

alr tng bgegact la tng vwboci% C }coo ygrqg gkvolsgry

hed iocgety }ctn cetgmrcts/ ywb`git tl he lqgrrcdcem

rgyvleycbcocts tl tng vwboci cetgrgyt/ hed C }coo

ytrcqg tl genheig tng ilkvgtgeig hed vrgytcmg la

tng vrlagyycleho% Bs tngyg/ C kghe0

8% C }coo vrlkltg vwboci jel}ogdmg/wedgrythedcem hed hvvrgichtcle lacealrkhtcle tginelolms:

2% C }coo ileycdgr tng mgegrho }goahrg hed vwbocimlld ce tng vgralrkheig la ks }lrj:

9% C }coo hdqgrtcyg mlldy lr vrlagyycleho ygrqcigy

ce h ioghr hed trwtnawo kheegr:

4% C }coo ilkvos hed ytrcitos hbcdg bs tngcetgoogitwho vrlvgrts oh}y/ vhtget oh}y hedltngr rgohtgd oh}y ce rgyvgit la cealrkhtcletginelolms:

7% C }coo hiigvt awoo rgyvleycbcocts alr tng }lrjwedgrthjge hed }coo wtcocpg ks yjcooy }ctnilkvgtgeig hed vrlagyyclehocyk:

1% C }coo khjg trwtnawo ythtgkgety le ks hrghy lailkvgtgeig hy }goo hy tng ihvhbcoctcgy hedxwhoctcgy la ks vrldwity hed ygrqcigy:

=% C }coo elt dcyiolyg lr wyg hes ileacdgetchocealrkhtcle lbthcegd ce tng ilwryg lavrlagyycleho dwtcgy }ctnlwt tng ileyget la tngvhrtcgy ileigregd/ g~igvt }nge rgxwcrgd bsoh}:

Hy h }nlog/ ct ihe bg eltcigd tnht tngygmwcdgocegy hed ythedhrdy }grg alrkwohtgd yltnht CT vrlagyycleho }coo bg vrlvgros mwcdgd bsncy ildg la gtnciy hy ng vrhitcigy ncyvrlagyycle% ]ngrgqgr ng lr yng cy ce tng }lrod/vrlvgr iledwit hed ythedhrdy kwyt bgvwrywgd% Tncy geywrgy tnht el nhrk cy dleg/nlegyts hed cetgmrcts cy lbygrqgd ce tng}lrjvohig/ ileacdgetchocts la cealrkhtcle cyrgilmecpgd/ CT arhwdy hrg hqlcdgd dgigvtcle/kcycetgrvrgthtcle/ cdgetcas tngat hed brcbgrs hrgelt hool}gd/ hed/ ahcr wyg hed oh}awo hity tlvrltgit hoo wygry hrg ckvogkgetgd%

Ce hddctcle/ tng vrckhrs kcyycle lavrlqcdcem tginelolms ywvvlrt tl tnglrmhecphtcle cy ckvogkgetgd bs tng CT ythaa hytngs hiigyy gogitrleci cealrkhtcle ysytgky hyrgxwcrgd bs hdkcecytrhtcle hed ythaa% Tncyhiigyy ckvlygy wvle tng CT ythaa tngrgyvleycbcocts hed lbocmhtcle tl wyg ysytgky cehe gtnciho/ vrlagyycleho/ hed ogmho kheegr tnhtcy ytrcitos }ctnce ngr lr ncy hwtnlrcpgd `lbaweitcle% Tngrgalrg/ tngyg ythedhrdy ygrqg hymwcdg tl hoo tng CT wygry hed vrlagyyclehoy yltnht vrlbogky ihe bg vrgqgetgd% Tncy kgheyileacdgeig hed trwyt hklem tng wygry }coo bgywythcegd/ CT vrlagyycle }coo bg genheigd bsjggvcem hbrghyt }ctn eg} tginelolmcgy/vrhitcigy/ ogmho rgxwcrgkgety hed ythedhrdy/hiilwethbcocts la ythaa alr tng xwhocts/ tckgocegyyhed wyg la rgylwrigy ce tng }lrj cydgkleytrhtgd hed hoo vltgetcho rcyjy ce hvhrtciwohr vrl`git }ctn rgmhrd tl tng ilyt/gaagitcqgegyy hed vrhitcihbcocts la vrlvlygdogqgoy la ygiwrcts hrg hyigrthcegd% Hy haceho eltg/ CT ildg la gtnciy ihe mrghtos ngov


9/12


]g ocqg ce h }lrod tnht cy ceirghycemos bgcem

dlkcehtgd bs tng vrlact hed ceilkg kltcqg/ hed lwrgdwihtcleho ysytgk cy tcotcem tl}hrdy tnht dcrgitcle% Chk yhddgegd tl lbygrqg tnht ce khes iloogmgy hedwecqgryctcgy hoo lqgr tng ilwetrs/ tng hrty hednwkhectcgy hed tng ocbgrho hrty iwrrciwowk hrg el}bgcem dg+gkvnhycpgd ce ahqlr la klrg vrhitciho hedtgineciho ilwrygy tnht }coo khjg mrhdwhtgyckkgdchtgos gkvolshbog hed klrg khrjgthbog ce tngilkkgricho }lrod%

Tngrg cy el dlwbt tnht mlld yicgetcaci hedtgineciho gdwihtcle cy mlld% Bwt ct cy }lrrscem tnhtltngr hbcoctcgy/ gxwhoos irwicho/ hrg ht rcyj la mgttcem

olyt ce tng ilkvgtctcqg hed ilkkgricho aowrrs%

Hy ylkgleg }nl nhy yvget klyt la ncy ocag cetnghtgr hed tng icegkh/ C el} aggo ilkvgoogd tlrhcyg ks ylocthrs qlcig hed haacrk tng qhowg la tnghrty hed tng nwkhectcgy hy ilregrytlegy la ncmngrgdwihtcle% Alr tng hrty hed nwkhectcgy hrg gyygetchotl gdwihtcle bgihwyg la tngcr dcrgit ileegitcle tlnwkhe g~vgrcgeig% Hy tng ahklwy lvgrh ylvrhel/Bgqgros Ycooy yhcd/ Hrt cy tng ycmehtwrg laicqcocphtcle%

Tng hrty hed nwkhectcgy hrg ce tngcr dcaagrget

}hsy klrg dcrgitos ileegitgd tl tng hitwho tg~twrghed vhttgre hed aow~ la nwkhe g~vgrcgeig% Tngs hrgogyy hbytrhit ce igrthce rgyvgity tnhe tng yicgeigy/hy }goo hy klyt ylicho yicgeigy%

Hoo lqgr tng }lrod/ ct cy rgilmecpgd tnht tl bg trwos}goo gdwihtgd leg kwyt elt leos oghre tl hvvrgichtgtng hrty/ bwt kwyt nhqg rcin lvvlrtwectcgy tl hitcqgosvhrtcicvhtg ce irghtcqg }lrj% Tng hrty hrg ohemwhmgytnht klyt vglvog yvghj/ iwttcem tnrlwmn cedcqcdwhodcaagrgeigy ce iwotwrg/ gdwihtcleho bhijmrlwed/ hedhbcocts% Tngs dgho klrg ckkgdchtgos }ctn tng qcycbog/hwdcbog/ hed vhovhbog }ctn rgvrgygethtcley la ocag

hy }g jel} ct/ lr hy ct kcmnt bg/ lr hy ct kcmnt htoghyt bg ckhmcegd% Tngs ihe brcem gqgrs ywb`git tlocag hed twre hbytrhitcley cetl ileirgtg rghocts%

Tng hbcoctcgy hyylichtgd }ctn tng nwkhectcgy hedtng hrty hrg hoyl qctho/ bltn tl tng nghotn la cedcqcdwhoehtcley hed tl tng irghtcle la h dgiget }lrodiwotwrg% Tngyg ceiowdg tng hbcocts tl tncej irctcihoos/ tltrheyiged oliho olshotcgy hed vhrlincho ileigrey hed

Hkgocth K% YhetlyAhiwotsYinllo la Cealrkhtcle Tginelolmshed Ilkvwtgr Ytwdcgy

dcrgit gqgrs CT wygry hitcley+ nl} tl vgralrk tngcr`lby yhtcyahitlrcos alr tng mlld la gqgrsleg/ }ngtngralr vgryleho lb`gitcqg lr alr vrlact%

Rgagrgeigy0

Bohij}go/ @%/ ! Brweeytgce/ J%/ .8331#% Gtnciy lailkvwtcem% Oledle0 Inhvkhe ! Nhoo%

Bsewk/ T% ! Rlmgryle/ Y% .Gdy%#% .2669#% IlkvwtgrGtnciy hed Vrlagyycleho Rgyvleycbcocts%Nlbljge/ Eg} @grygs0 @lne ]cogs%

@lneyle/ D% .2667#% Ilkvwtgr Gtnciy% Ce Args/ R%/ !]gookhe/ I% .Gdy%#% H Ilkvhecle tl hvvocgdgtnciy% Rgtrcgqgd @wos >/ 2663 arlknttv0,,}}}%bohij}goo rgagrgeig%ilk,vwboci,tlieldg8467899471\inwej\m3=>84678994714=

]goocqgr/ V% ]% .Gd%#% .266>#% Tng Ildg la

Vrlagyycleho Gtnciy0 H Mwcdg tl VrlagyyclehoIledwit ce tng Acgod la GdwihtclehoIlkkwecihtcley hed Tginelolms% Bollkcemtle/Cedcheh0 Tng Hyylichtcle alr GdwihtclehoIlkkwecihtcley hed Tginelolms%

Hyylichtcle alr Ilkvwtcem Khincegrs .8332#%Mgegrho klrho gkvgrhtcqgy% Rgtrcgqgd @weg 21/2663 arlk nttv0,,}}}%hik%lrm,hblwt,ildg+la+gtnciy,)ygit8

Brctcyn Ilkvwtgr Ylicgts .2661#% Ildg la iledwit

alr BIY kgkbgry% Rgtrcgqgd @weg 21/ 2663arlknttv0,,gtnciy%cct%gdw,ildgy,ilg,brctcyn %ilkvwtgr%yli%iledwit%2661%ntko

Ceytctwtg la Gogitrciho hed Gogitrleciy Gemceggry.e%d%#% CGGG ildg la gtnciy% Rgtrcgqgd @weg 21/2663 arlk nttv0,,}}}%cggg%lrm,vlrtho,vhmgy,cvlrthoy,hblwtwy,gtnciy,ildg%ntko

Vncocvvceg Ilkvwtgr Ylicgts .e%d%#% Ildg la gtnciy%Rgtrcgqgd @weg 27/ 2661 arlk nttv0,,}}}%viy+cit%lrm,ceycdgviy%vnv

H Kced cy h Tgrrcbog

Tncem tl ]hytg

Hrygecl @% Ocphyl


10/12


tl hvvrlhin cetgrehtcleho vrlbogky hy h ictcpge latng }lrod% Hed/ vgrnhvy klyt ckvlrthet/ tng hbcoctstl ckhmceg yskvhtngtcihoos tng vrgdcihkget laheltngr vgryle%

Tncy gyygetcho hbcocts ihe bg ihoogd tng ehrrhtcqgckhmcehtcle0 ct oghdy wy tl bg cetgoocmget rghdgry laltngr vglvogy ytlrcgy hed tl wedgrythed tngcrgkltcley hed }cyngy% Ilkvhyycle cy tng ygeyctcqctstl bg nwrt hed tl irs }nge vglvog hrg ywaagrcem hedhrg ce vhce/ hed tl bg nhvvs }nge vglvog hrgbogyygd }ctn mlld alrtweg% Tncy }coo wedgryilrg lwrilkkle nwkhects hed wedgryilrg tng ckvlrtheigla tng mcat la ocag% Leg la tng bgyt }hsy tl iwotcqhtgyskvhtns hed ilkvhyycle cy tnrlwmn ceytrwitcle ceoctgrhtwrg/ kwyci/ tnghtgr/ aceg hrty hed dheig%

Tl iwotcqhtg lwr ytwdgety ceegr gsg }g eggdihrgawoos irhatgd ceytrwitcle ce tng hrty hednwkhectcgy/ }ncin }coo brcem ytwdgety cetl ilethit}ctn cyywgy la mgedgr/ rhig/ gtnecicts hed irlyyiwotwrho g~vgrcgeig% Tng hrty hoyl ceytrwit ytwdgetyce bltn arggdlk hed ilkkwects%

Igicoog Mwcdltg+Hoqhrgp/ G~giwtcqg Dcrgitlr latng Ehtcleho Ilkkcyycle le Iwotwrg hed tng Hrty

g~vrgyygd ct klyt ywiiceitos ce ngr yvggin ht tng

]lrod Tnghtgr Dhs Igogbrhtcley ce Vhrcy Arheig ceKhrin 266=0 ]g ihe }ce tng }hr hmhceyt vlqgrts hedvloowtcle/ drwmy hed dcywects/ irckg hed ilrrwvtcletgrrlrcyk hed tsrhees/ cmelrheig hed ce`wytcig elt bsilkvwoycle bwt bs vgrywhycle/ elt bs alrig bwt bshrt%Tng hrty hrg h vl}grawo gemceg alr dgqgolvkgeth dsehkci alrig alr gdwihtcle hed h ihthosyt alr ylichinhemg%

Klrg tnhe yvggingy/ h vhcetcem/ h vlgk/ h ylemh vohs/ h dheig vcgig/ heckhtgd ogmgedy/ ceyvcrcemytlrcgy la olqg/ ngrlcyk hed ilwrhmg la ilkkctkget tng hrty ce ltngr }lrdy ihe brcem tng kgyyhmg hirlyy

hed ihrrs tng ircgy la incodrge tl ytlv tng qclogeighmhceyt khejced hed tng geqcrlekget% ]ctnlwt tnghrty/ }g }lwodet jel} }ngrg tl drh} lwr ytrgemtn hyh yvrcemblhrd tl rghin lwr mlhoy hed rghocpg lwdrghky la h bgttgr awtwrg%

Ct kwyt ythrt }ctn tng slwtn% Alr tngs rgvrgygetlklrrl}% Slwem vglvog kwyt bg cealrkgd tnrlwmniwotwrho yskbloy tnht tngs ihe rgohtg tl gkvhtncpg hedelt bg hocgehtgd/ ceqloqgd hed elt dcycetgrgytgd/ tlwedgrythed tng cyywgy hed ileegit tl tngcr dhcos

Vhrwemhl/ @% .266>#% Z]htgr+bhoheigd Kced[% ]htgrilolr hed Ilolrgd Vgeicoy le Vhvgr 86%7 ~ 84%7%


11/12


g~cytgeig% Tngs kwyt bg kltcqhtgd tl rgyvled tlhit hed tl dl ylkgtncem tl yncat tng bhoheig/ tl bgvhyyclehtg ce yloqcem tng vrlbogky tngs ygg hrlwedtngk%

]g eggd tl vrlqcdg tng awgo tnht }coo cmectg tngcrkcedy/ yvhrj tng hyvcrhtcley/ hed coowkcehtg tngcrtltho bgcem% Tng hrty ihe latge ygrqg hy tnht awgo%Tngs hrg tng }hsy }g hvvos lwr ckhmcehtcle/tnlwmnt/ hed aggocem tnrlwmn h rhemg la ohemwhmgy

tl coowkcehtg ocag ce hoo cty ksytgrs/ kcygrs/ dgocmnt/vcts/ hed }ledgr% Tngs hrg awedhkgetho gehbogrytnht ihe ngov wy gemhmg klrg ycmecacihetos }ctn lwrceegr ygoqgy hed tng }lrod hrlwed wy%

]nge slwem vglvog vwt le h vohs lr h dheigvcgig tlmgtngr tngs oghre tl illvgrhtg hed tngsaced tgrky ml bgsled trhdctcle hed hwtnlrcts ca tngshrg mlcem tl g~vrgyy tngkygoqgy }goo% Vhrtcicvhtcemce vohsy/ ylemy/ hed dheigy acooy incodrge }ctnnhvvcegyy tnht ihe ihrrs lqgr cetl tng rgyt la tngcrgdwihtcle%

]g iheelt }hytg tng kcedy la lwr incodrge le

ilwrygy tnht }coo ycemog+kcedgdos twre tngk cetl hehrks la ewrygy/ ihrgmcqgry/ ihoo igetgr hmgety/}godgry/ vowkbgry/ hed molbho lwtylwricemvrlqcdgry% ]nht }g eggd tl iwotcqhtg hed ewrtwrg cyhe hrks la }goo+rlwedgd ihrcem ictcpgey }nl hrgiwotwrg ihthosyty%

]g eggd tl ahqlr he gdwihtcle tnht iwotcqhtgytng irctciho ihvhictcgy/ tnht alytgry h ilkvog~wedgrythedcem la tng }lrod hed cty vglvogy hed tnhtgdwihtgy hed rgacegy tng ihvhicts alr yskvhtns% Ceynlrt/ he gdwihtcle tnht iwotcqhtgy nwkhe bgcemyrhtngr tnhe vrldwicem wygawo khincegy% Ca }g dl eltceycyt le tng irwicho ckvlrtheig la tng nwkhectcgyhed tng hrty/ tngs }coo drlv h}hs% Tngs dlet khjgklegs% Bwt tngs dl ylkgtncem ahr klrg vrgiclwy0tngs khjg h }lrod }lrtn ocqcem ce%

Rgagrgeigy0

Mcobgrt/ R% ! KiIhrtgr/ ]% .83>>#% Ocqcem }ctn Hrt.2ed gd%#% Eg} Slrj0 Hoargd H% Jelva%

nttv0,,}}}%brhcesxwltg%ilk,xwltgy,hwtnlry,b,

bgqgros\ycooy%ntko% Rgtrcgqgd le @wos 86/ 2663

Hrygecl @% OcphylG~giwtcqg DcrgitlrCetgrehtcleho Tnghtgr Ceytctwtg WEGYIL

Hych+Vhicaci Bwrghw

Ahiwots/ Dgvhrtkget la Khyy Ilkkwecihtcle

]htgr cy tng klyt ilkkle ywbytheig le Ghrtn/ilqgrcem =6 vgriget la tng vohegty ywrahig% Hoo ocqcemlrmhecyky ileycyt klytos la }htgr: alr g~hkvog/ nwkheblds cy hblwt 16' }htgr/ acyn hblwt >6'/ hed vohetybgt}gge >6' hed 36'% ]htgr cy egigyyhrs alr hooingkciho rghitcley tnht liiwr ce ocqcem igooy hed cy hoyl

tng kgdcwk tnrlwmn }ncin cealrkhtcle cy g~inhemgdbgt}gge igooy% Tng ywythcehbcocts la nwkhe dgqgolvkgetdgvgedy le tng nsdrlolmciho isiog/ yceig }htgr cygyygetcho alr alld vrldwitcle hed hoo ocqcem gilysytgky%

Argyn}htgr Rgylwrigy

Yncjolkhelq hed Mogcij .hy ictgd ce Wectgd EhtcleyGeqcrlekget Vrlmrhkkg ZWEGV[/ 2662# gytckhtgd tnht tngtltho qlowkg la }htgr le Ghrtn cy u8%4 bcoocle jk

9% Tng

qlowkg la argyn}htgr rgylwrigy cy u97 kcoocle jk9/ lr

hblwt 2%7' la tng tltho qlowkg/ hed t}l+tncrdy la tnht cyolijgd wv ce tng cigihvy hed mohicgry% Leos 6%9' cy alwedce rcqgry hed ohjgy% Klrg tnhe ecegts+ygqge vgriget la tng

}lrody }htgr cy ilethcegd ce lighey/ ngeig yhots hedweywcthbog alr drcejcem lr crrcmhtcle%

]htgr cy h rgeg}hbog rgylwrig/ khdg iletcewlwyhqhcohbog tnrlwmn ylohr gegrms/ }ncin gehbogy ct tgqhvlrhtg arlk lighey hed ohed/ rgdcytrcbwtcem ct hrlwetng }lrod% Tncy }htgr rwey laa ce rcqgry hed rgacooy lwhxwcagry% Le he heewho bhycy/ rhceahoo g~iggdgqhvlrhtcle le iletcegety bs 44/666 jk9% Tncy hklwet l}htgr rgtwrey tl tng lighey hy rcqgr hed mrlwed}htgrwelaa% Tncy cy ihoogd tng ]htgr Isiog%

Argyn}htgr Wyg

Ca tncy rwelaa }grg gqgeos dcytrcbwtgd ce yvhig he

tckg/ argyn}htgr rgylwrigy }lwod bg mrghtos ywaacicget tvrlqcdg }htgr alr hoo% H xwcij ihoiwohtcle ynl}y tnh}htgr hqhcohbog alr nwkhe ileywkvtcle rgvrgyge87/666 octgry vgr vgryle alr leg dhs% Nl}gqgr/ tncy acmwrg

Molbho ]htgr WygQgeheicl E% Yhetly/ @r%


12/12

Documents

LCCM Research Digest (May-July 2009 ed.)