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DOCUMUN" IIRSUNI1
ED 031907. ET 003 382
Movement and Growth Patterns and Their Effect on the Spatial Organization of Colleges. Colleges of AppliedArts and Technology.
Ontario Dept. of Education. Toronto. School Planning and Building Research Section.Pub Date 69Note-29p.EDRS Price MF -S025 NC -S1.55Descriptors-Camps Planning. Climatic Factors. *College Planning. *Colleges. *Growth Patterns. Master Plans.Organization. Pedestrian Traffic. Site Analysis. *Spatial Relationship
. Layouts of the campuses of nine American. English and Canadian Universitiesshow how five types of growth patterns (axial. linear, radial. precinctual andcellular/grid) provide for flexibility in expansion. The site of the campus. a majorinfluence in growth patterns. is discussed from the aspects of location, accessibility.physical characteristics, and climate. Pedestrian and vehicular movement patterns arealso illustrated and discussed. Plans and descriptive diagrams develop the themethroughout. (RK)
I
Col
lege
s of
App
lied
Art
s an
d T
echn
olog
y
OV
EM
EN
T A
ND
GR
OW
TH
PA
TT
ER
NS
and
thei
r ef
fect
on
the
spat
ial o
rgan
izat
ion
of c
olle
ges
prep
ared
by
Sch
ool P
lann
ing
& B
uild
ing
Res
earc
hS
ectio
nO
ntar
io D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion
and
John
Sul
livan
, MR
AIC
, MT
PIC
, AR
IBA
Lem
an-S
ulliv
an, a
rchi
tect
s an
d pl
anne
rsU
S D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F H
EA
LTH
. ED
UC
AT
ION
& W
ELF
AR
E
OF
FIC
E O
F E
DU
CA
TIO
N
TH
IS D
OC
UM
EN
T H
AS
BE
EN
RE
PR
OD
UC
ED
EX
AC
TLY
AS
RE
CE
IVE
D F
RO
M T
HE
PE
RS
ON
OR
OR
GA
NIZ
AT
ION
OR
IGIN
AT
ING
IT.
PO
INT
S O
F V
IEW
OR
OP
INIO
NS
ST
AT
ED
DO
NO
T N
EC
ES
SA
RIL
Y R
EP
RE
SE
NT
OF
FIC
IAL
OF
FIC
E O
F E
DU
CA
TIO
N
PO
SIT
ION
OR
PO
LIC
Y
© O
ntar
io D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion/
Tor
onto
1969
"PE
RM
ISS
ION
TO
RE
PR
OD
UC
E T
HIS
CO
PY
RIG
HT
ED
MA
TE
RIA
L H
AS
BE
EN
?A
NT
BY
hint
icus
to...
*:,0
3Le:
,3"O
t-es
t C-4
0ca
'oft
15.-
r. o
ritua
ski;
TO
ER
IC A
ND
OR
GA
NIZ
AT
ION
S O
PE
RA
TIN
GU
ND
ER
AG
RE
EM
EN
TS
WIT
H T
HE
U.S
. MIC
EO
F'
ED
UC
AT
ION
. FU
RT
HE
R R
EP
RO
DU
CT
ION
OU
TS
IDE
TH
E E
RIC
SY
ST
EM
RE
QU
IRE
S P
ER
MIS
SIO
NO
F
TH
E C
OP
YR
IGH
T O
WN
ER
."
PR
EF
AC
E
Col
lege
s of
App
lied
Art
s an
d T
echn
olog
y m
ust b
e co
nsi-
dere
d pa
rt o
f th
e to
tal e
duca
tiona
l sys
tem
. Her
e a
sele
ctgr
oup
of s
tude
nts,
who
hav
e co
mpl
eted
the
seco
ndar
y ed
u-ca
tion
leve
l, ar
e pr
ovid
ed w
ith a
cade
mic
and
pro
fess
iona
lqu
alif
icat
ions
for
dif
fere
nt s
peci
aliz
atio
ns. A
fun
ctio
nal c
las-
sifi
catio
n of
col
lege
s ca
n be
arr
ived
at b
y gr
oupi
ng th
emac
cord
ing
to th
e m
anne
r in
whi
ch th
ey c
ontr
ol th
e ed
uca-
tiona
l pro
cess
.In
this
rep
ort t
he d
iscu
ssio
n w
ill b
e lim
ited
to c
onsi
dera
tion
of s
ome
of th
e ph
ysic
al c
onse
quen
ces
resu
lting
fro
m th
eac
adem
ic p
rogr
am d
ivis
ions
. The
inte
nt is
to il
lust
rate
the
com
plex
ity in
volv
ed in
pla
nnin
g ne
w c
olle
ges,
and
the
read
ersh
ould
rem
embe
r th
at d
ecis
ions
in a
ny o
ne a
rea
will
bea
r a
rela
tion
to p
olic
ies
in o
ther
are
as a
nd, t
here
fore
, mus
t be
care
fully
eva
luat
ed in
that
con
text
.It
is im
poss
ible
to is
olat
e th
e ac
adem
ic p
rogr
am a
nd th
e so
-ci
al p
olic
y si
nce
the
aim
s of
hig
her
educ
atio
n ap
ply
to th
eec
onom
ic, s
ocia
l and
cul
tura
l wel
fare
of
a co
mm
unity
. "A
univ
ersi
ty s
houl
d pr
ovid
e an
exp
erie
nce
of li
ving
as
wel
l as
the
oppo
rtun
ity f
or le
arni
ngw
ithou
t thi
s, e
duca
tion
isde
hum
aniz
ed, t
he s
tude
nt h
imse
lf d
efra
uded
..
.."
' In
de-
scri
bing
the
aim
s of
hig
her
educ
atio
n in
Gre
at B
rita
in, t
heR
obbi
ns C
omm
ittee
sai
d, "
ther
e is
a f
unct
ion
that
is m
ore
diff
icul
t to
desc
ribe
con
cise
ly, b
ut th
at is
non
e th
e le
ss f
unda
-m
enta
l: th
e tr
ansm
issi
on o
f a
com
mon
cul
ture
and
com
mon
stan
dard
s of
citi
zens
hip.
"'A
vie
w o
f a
stud
ent's
life
is to
pro
vide
a m
ilieu
for
edu
ca-
tion,
for
livi
ng, l
earn
ing,
and
sha
ring
that
invo
lves
the
teac
h-in
g fa
cilit
ies,
the
soci
al f
acili
ties
and
his
plac
e of
res
iden
ce.
Dec
isio
ns c
once
rnin
g on
e sp
here
will
hav
e a
maj
or in
flue
nce
on th
e ot
hers
, bot
h in
rel
atio
n to
the
cam
pus
and
the
com
-m
unity
as
a w
hole
.T
he s
cope
of
this
pap
er w
ill b
e lim
ited
to th
e te
achi
ngfa
cili-
ties.
The
cam
pus
site
is b
eing
exa
min
ed h
ere
with
out c
onsi
d-er
atio
n of
the
larg
er c
omm
unity
. In
real
ity, h
owev
er, t
heco
mm
unity
mus
t be
cons
ider
ed in
all
aspe
cts
of c
ampu
spl
anni
ng. T
he im
port
ance
of
the
rela
tions
hips
of
the
cam
pus
to th
e co
mm
unity
and
of
the
resi
dent
ial a
ndso
cial
fac
ilitie
sto
the
acad
emic
mus
t alw
ays
be c
onsi
dere
d.
CO
NT
EN
TS
Typ
es o
f Aca
dem
ic S
truc
ture
s3
Tut
oria
l3
Dep
artm
enta
l4
Supr
a-D
epar
tmen
tal
4
Spa
tial O
rgan
izat
ion
5
Site
6L
ocat
ion
6
Acc
essi
bilit
y6
Phys
ical
Cha
ract
eris
tics
6C
limat
e7
Gro
wth
Pat
tern
s8
Flex
ibili
ty8
Typ
es o
f G
row
th P
atte
rns
9A
xial
9L
inea
r12
Rad
ial
15Pr
ecin
ctua
l18
Cel
lula
r G
rid
20
Mov
emen
t Pat
tern
s23
Veh
icul
ar23
Info
rmat
ion
23Se
rvic
es23
Ped
estr
ian
Mov
emen
t24
Axi
al24
Lin
ear
25R
adia
l27
Prec
inct
ual
27C
ellu
lar
Gri
d27
Tra
ditio
nal O
xbrid
ge C
olle
ge, E
ngla
nd
TY
PE
S O
FA
CA
DE
MIC
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
Tut
oria
l
The
arc
hite
ctur
al e
xpre
ssio
n of
an
acad
emic
str
uctu
re is
wel
lill
ustr
ated
in th
e tr
aditi
onal
Oxf
ord/
Cam
brid
ge C
olle
ges.
The
con
side
rabl
e em
phas
is th
ese
colle
ges
plac
e on
the
soci
alas
wel
l as
the
inte
llect
ual a
spec
ts o
f hig
her
'edu
catio
n is
re-
flect
ed in
the
build
ing
form
s. T
he b
asic
con
cept
of s
ocia
lgr
oupi
ng is
a fu
nctio
n w
hich
find
s its
exp
ress
ion
in th
e co
urt-
yard
form
. The
cou
rtya
rds
furn
ish
a fr
amew
ork
with
inw
hich
dis
sim
ilar
elem
ents
plac
es o
f res
iden
ce, d
inin
g ha
llan
d ch
apel
can
be e
asily
rel
ated
. The
qua
ndra
ngle
form
,w
ith b
uild
ing
heig
hts
limite
d to
wal
k-up
dis
tanc
es, p
rovi
des
an a
esth
etic
ally
ple
asin
g ve
rnac
ular
. The
cou
rtya
rd fo
rmfu
rnis
hes
a pr
inci
ple
of g
row
th w
here
by e
lem
ents
can
be
eas-
ily a
dded
to th
e ch
ain
over
the
year
s w
ithou
t dis
rupt
ing
the
soci
al p
atte
rn a
nd v
isua
l har
mon
y.T
he c
once
pt o
f soc
ial g
roup
ings
is p
artic
ular
ly w
ell d
elin
eat-
ed in
thre
e-di
men
sion
al fo
rm a
t Cam
brid
ge. T
he c
ourt
yard
defin
es a
com
mun
ity o
f sch
olar
s an
d pr
ovid
es a
cces
s to
var
-io
us s
tairc
ases
. The
mov
emen
t of p
eopl
e di
agon
ally
acr
oss
the
rect
angu
lar
gree
n cr
eate
s an
ani
mat
ion
quite
difk
rent
from
mov
emen
t thr
ough
the
perip
hera
l arc
ades
of a
mon
as-
tic c
lois
ter.
The
sta
ircas
es a
re th
e co
res
of s
mal
ler
soci
algr
oupi
ngs
in a
larg
er c
ompl
ex. T
he s
ub-g
roup
ing
usua
llyco
nsis
ts o
f a s
et o
f ser
vice
roo
ms
at th
e en
try,
a fe
llow
in r
es-
iden
ce o
n th
e lo
wer
leve
l and
sch
olar
s ab
ove,
ran
ged
off a
serie
s of
land
ings
and
ves
tibul
es, a
sys
tem
whi
ch g
ener
ates
ahi
gh d
egre
e of
per
sona
l con
tact
. Tra
ditio
nally
, the
re a
re n
oin
tern
al c
orrid
ors.
Arc
hite
ctur
ally
, thi
s al
low
ed a
rel
atin
gof
uni
ts o
f diff
eren
t hei
ght.
The
new
uni
vers
ities
of Y
ork
in E
ngla
nd a
nd S
anta
Cru
z in
Cal
iforn
ia h
ave
adop
ted
the
Oxb
ridge
Tut
oria
l app
roac
h as
the
basi
s of
thei
r ac
adem
ic s
truc
ture
. The
str
uctu
re is
re-
flect
ed in
the
noda
l cha
ract
eris
tics
of th
eir
mas
ter
plan
s.H
owev
er, s
ince
nei
ther
has
use
d th
e co
urty
ard
form
of b
uild
-in
g, th
ey p
rovi
de c
onve
nien
t exa
mpl
es w
ith w
hich
to il
lus-
trat
e th
e va
riety
of a
rchi
tect
ural
inte
rpre
tatio
ns w
hich
can
be g
iven
to s
imila
r ac
adem
ic s
truc
ture
s.
Som
e ed
ucat
ors
belie
ve th
at a
udio
-vis
ual t
each
ing
aids
and
com
pute
rs w
ill g
ive
rise
to a
n in
crea
se in
tuto
rial
-cen
tred
prog
ram
s. I
deal
ly, t
his
wou
ld a
llow
eac
h in
divi
dual
to f
ol-
low
his
ow
n un
ique
cou
rse
of s
tudy
; tea
chin
g m
achi
nes,
un-
like
teac
hers
, wou
ld b
e av
aila
ble
for
unlim
ited
peri
ods,
at
any
time,
and
soc
ial s
ituat
ions
res
ultin
g fr
om th
e re
gula
rize
dm
ovem
ent t
hrou
gh c
omm
only
sha
red
spac
es w
ould
be
less
freq
uent
. The
refo
re, t
he s
truc
turi
ng o
f in
form
al s
ocia
l pat
-te
rns
wou
ld b
e of
the
utm
ost i
mpo
rtan
ce.
Dep
artm
enta
lT
he d
epar
tmen
tal a
cade
mic
str
uctu
re h
as it
s ow
n ro
ots
inth
e G
erm
an tr
aditi
on o
f st
ress
ing
the
teac
hing
and
res
earc
hro
les
of h
ighe
r ed
ucat
ion.
Thi
s is
the
basi
s of
the
acad
emic
prog
ram
of
mos
t col
lege
s an
d un
iver
sitie
s fo
unde
d in
the
nine
teen
th c
entu
ry, h
ence
it is
the
trad
ition
al o
rgan
izat
iona
lpa
ttern
ado
pted
by
mos
t Am
eric
an, C
anad
ian
and
Eng
lish
univ
ersi
ties.
A d
epar
tmen
t is
devo
ted
to th
e te
achi
ng o
f a
part
icul
ar s
ubje
ct a
nd is
hea
ded
by a
dea
n or
cha
irm
an. T
hesi
ze o
f in
divi
dual
dep
artm
ents
may
var
y gr
eatly
. The
de-
part
men
t's p
rim
ary
func
tion
is th
e te
achi
ng o
f its
ow
n st
u-de
nts.
Int
erac
tion
with
oth
er d
isci
plin
es is
oft
en li
mite
d to
the
serv
ice
teac
hing
of
stud
ents
fro
m o
ther
dep
artm
ents
and
of s
tude
nts
who
may
be
follo
win
g a
mul
ti-su
bjec
t cou
rse.
In
man
y ca
ses
the
depa
rtm
ent c
onta
ins
its o
wn
acco
mm
oda-
tion
lect
ure
room
s, o
ffic
es, r
esea
rch
faci
litie
s an
d ev
enlib
rari
es a
nd lo
unge
s. T
he a
uton
omou
s na
ture
of
man
y un
i-ve
rsity
dep
artm
ents
is s
how
n by
thei
r in
divi
dual
edi
fice
s, f
orex
ampl
e, th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Mat
hem
atic
s B
uild
ing.
Stud
ents
are
taug
ht in
gro
ups
at f
ixed
tim
es. T
his
invo
lves
the
mov
emen
t of
stud
ents
fro
m te
achi
ng s
pace
to te
achi
ngsp
ace
at r
egul
ated
inte
rval
s. T
he m
ovem
ent p
atte
rns
of th
est
uden
ts p
rovi
de th
e co
nnec
tion
betw
een
depa
rtm
ents
.H
ence
, the
link
ages
bet
wee
n th
e m
ajor
dep
artm
ents
on
cam
pus
beco
me
an im
port
ant f
acto
r in
mas
ter
plan
ning
.C
entr
al f
acili
ties,
suc
h as
libr
ary
and
adm
inis
trat
ion
offi
ces
and
soci
al f
acili
ties,
suc
h as
the
unio
n ar
e us
ually
loca
ted
atth
e po
ints
of
max
imum
con
flue
nce.
Fre
quen
tly, r
esid
entia
lac
com
mod
atio
n is
pla
ced
at a
per
iphe
ral l
ocat
ion.
The
tra-
ditio
nal c
ampu
s pl
an e
xpre
ssio
n of
this
aca
dem
ic s
truc
ture
isth
e qu
adra
ngle
gre
en.
4
Sup
ra-D
epar
tmen
tal
At p
rese
nt, m
any
educ
ator
s ar
e cr
eatin
g ac
adem
ic p
ro-
gram
s on
a m
odif
ied
depa
rtm
enta
l bas
is. T
he o
verl
appi
ngan
d in
tera
ctio
n be
twee
n di
scip
lines
is s
een
to b
e in
telle
ctua
l-ly
stim
ulat
ing
in th
at it
com
bine
s th
e st
udy
of a
spe
cial
tyw
ith th
e un
ders
tand
ing
of it
s ge
nera
l org
aniz
atio
n. T
hebr
oade
r ap
proa
ch a
void
s cr
eatin
g ar
tific
ial b
arri
ers
betw
een
subj
ects
that
are
bes
t tre
ated
toge
ther
. Fro
m th
e ad
min
istr
a-tiv
e po
int o
f vi
ew th
ere
may
be
less
was
tage
of
acad
emic
spac
e, a
nd f
ewer
con
flic
ts a
nd f
rust
ratio
ns in
an
inte
grat
edsy
stem
than
in a
rig
id d
epar
tmen
tal s
yste
m. A
rchi
tect
ural
ly,
this
is e
xpre
ssed
in c
ampu
s pl
ans
and
stru
ctur
es w
hich
are
desi
gned
to e
ncou
rage
bot
h fo
rmal
and
info
rmal
inte
ract
ion
betw
een
disc
iplin
es a
nd p
eopl
e. C
omm
on li
brar
ies
and
loun
ges
may
pro
vide
bot
h fo
rmal
and
info
rmal
mix
ing
and
stud
ying
situ
atio
ns. I
nfor
mal
mee
tings
can
be
enco
urag
edby
the
care
ful d
esig
n of
ped
estr
ian
circ
ulat
ion
syst
ems
whi
chin
vite
stu
dent
s an
d st
aff
to w
ithdr
aw f
rom
the
mai
n st
ream
of tr
affi
c in
to s
ettin
gs d
esig
ned
for
conv
ersa
tion.
In s
ome
inst
ance
s, th
e w
ither
ing
away
of
sepa
rate
dep
art-
men
ts a
nd th
e cr
eatio
n of
wid
er f
ield
s of
stu
dy h
ave
led
to a
com
plet
e re
orga
niza
tion
and
rest
ruct
urin
g of
the
cam
pus
spac
es in
term
s of
fun
ctio
nal a
ctiv
ities
.The
Uni
vers
ityof
Illi
-no
is' C
hica
go C
ircl
e C
ampu
s is
an
exam
ple
of th
is ty
pe o
far
rang
emen
t. H
ere,
all
facu
lty o
ffic
es a
re lo
cate
d in
a to
wer
bloc
k at
the
entr
ance
to th
e si
te a
nd a
ll th
e la
rge
lect
ure
spac
es a
re g
roup
:..-d
toge
ther
in th
e ce
ntre
of
the
site
. The
resu
lt is
a m
axim
um m
ixin
g of
dis
cipl
ines
in th
e fo
rmal
clas
sroo
m s
pace
s. H
owev
er, t
he p
hysi
cal s
egre
gatio
n of
fac
-ul
ty o
ffic
es h
as m
ade
stud
ent-
teac
her
cont
act d
iffi
cult.
Whe
n th
is a
ppro
ach
is u
sed
in c
onju
nctio
n w
ith c
ompu
ter
time-
tabl
ing,
maj
or s
avin
gs in
fac
ulty
tim
e an
d bu
ildin
gsp
ace
shou
ld b
e ac
hiev
ed. O
ne o
f th
e da
nger
s of
the
syst
emis
that
the
stud
ent m
ay o
pera
te in
an
unst
ruct
ured
wor
ld a
ndsu
ffer
fro
m a
loss
of
orie
ntat
ion
and
iden
tity.
The
re is
no
thre
e-di
men
sion
al e
cho
of h
is c
ours
e of
stu
dy a
nd th
ere
is n
oho
me
base
with
whi
ch to
iden
tify.
The
stu
dent
ope
rate
sfr
om a
lock
er if
he
com
mut
es, o
r a
bedr
oom
if h
e liv
es n
ear
the
acad
emic
bui
ldin
gs. T
he li
bera
l pro
visi
on o
f ca
refu
llylo
cate
d so
cial
spa
ces
thro
ugho
ut th
e ca
mpu
s be
com
es v
itally
impo
rtan
t.
SP
AT
IAL
OR
GA
NIZ
AT
ION
Alth
ough
the
type
of a
cade
mic
pro
gram
will
indi
cate
prin
ci-
ples
to b
e fo
llow
ed in
the
spat
ial o
rgan
izat
ion
of th
e ca
mnu
s,th
ere
can
be n
o si
ngle
mas
ter
plan
exp
ress
ion
of a
n ac
aocm
-ic
pro
gram
. Nor
, for
that
mat
ter,
doe
s th
eph
ysic
al a
rran
ge-
men
t of a
cam
pus
prec
lude
the
futu
rere
stru
ctur
ing
of th
eac
adem
ic p
hilo
soph
y.C
erta
in b
asic
con
side
ratio
ns in
the
spat
ialo
rgan
izat
ion
of a
cam
pus
are
com
mon
toal
l typ
es o
f mas
ter
plan
ning
. The
initi
al d
ecig
ions
take
n re
gard
ing
the
dist
ribut
ion
ofac
tiviti
esw
ill h
ave
a fu
ndam
enta
l effe
ct o
n th
e ac
cept
able
mov
emen
tan
d gr
owth
pat
tern
s of
the
colle
ge.
The
hie
rarc
hy o
f act
iviti
es is
the
sing
le s
tron
gest
orga
niza
-tio
nal f
orce
in m
aste
r pl
anni
ng. T
he c
entr
allo
catio
n in
the
cam
pus
plan
is u
sual
ly r
eser
ved
for
thos
e ac
tivity
spa
ces
that
are
mos
t fre
quen
tly u
sed
by a
ll m
embe
rs o
f the
col
legi
ate
com
mun
ity. T
owar
ds th
e pe
riphe
ry th
ere
is a
gra
dual
de-
crea
se in
den
sity
to th
ose
activ
ity s
pace
s us
ed b
y th
e fe
wes
tnu
mbe
rs fo
r th
e lo
nges
t per
iods
of t
ime.
The
sam
e ap
proa
chis
use
d in
cam
puse
s pl
anne
d by
the
tuto
rial
mod
el.
How
ever
, in
this
type
of c
ampu
s, th
eov
eral
l com
plex
isus
ually
firs
t div
ided
into
sub
-gro
upin
gs. T
hehi
erar
chy
ofac
tiviti
es is
then
app
lied
to th
e ar
rang
emen
tof
the
sub-
grou
ping
s. E
ven
with
this
type
of a
lloca
tion
ther
e ar
e us
ually
faci
litie
s w
hich
are
sha
red
by th
e to
tal c
ompl
ex.
The
act
ivity
spa
ces
that
tend
to b
e ce
ntra
llylo
cate
d ar
ete
achi
ng fa
cilit
ies
of a
hig
h de
nsity
and
hig
h ch
ange
-ove
rfr
eque
ncy
such
as
audi
toriu
ms,
lect
ure
thea
tres
,au
dio-
visu
alla
bs a
nd n
on-t
each
ing
faci
litie
s su
ch a
s lib
rarie
s,ad
min
istr
a-tiv
e of
fices
, ind
oor
athl
etic
s, lo
unge
s, c
omm
onan
d di
ning
room
s. O
n th
e pe
riphe
rysp
ecia
lized
teac
hing
spa
ces,
hig
hly
serv
iced
are
as, r
esea
rch
labs
and
facu
lty o
ffice
s ar
elo
cate
d.
In a
cam
pus
site
of r
estr
icte
d di
men
sion
s, th
eor
gani
zatio
nsh
ould
be
deve
lope
d on
ver
tical
as
wel
l as
horiz
onta
lpla
nes,
and
the
perip
hery
may
pro
duce
hig
her
leve
ls.
The
libr
ary
has
been
cal
led
the
mos
t vita
l pie
ceof
equ
ipm
ent
in th
e un
iver
sity
. Pol
icy
deci
sion
s co
ncer
ning
the
orga
niza
-tio
n of
the
libra
ry fa
cilit
ies
are
dire
ctly
rel
ated
toth
e ac
a-de
mic
str
uctu
re a
nd a
re v
ery
impo
rtan
t in
dete
rmin
ing
the
patte
rn o
f soc
ial i
nter
actio
h. T
helo
catio
n an
d ty
pe o
f li-
brar
y fa
cilit
ies
shou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
a c
ritic
al fa
ctor
in a
na-
lysi
ng p
ossi
ble
grow
th a
nd m
ovem
ent p
atte
rns.
5
SIT
E
The
site
of
the
cam
pus
will
exe
rt a
str
ong
infl
uenc
e on
the
grow
th a
nd m
ovem
ent p
atte
rns
of th
e co
llege
com
plex
. The
fact
ors
affe
ctin
g th
e se
lect
ion
of th
e si
te s
houl
d be
the
sub-
ject
of
a se
para
te p
rovi
ncia
l and
reg
iona
l stu
dy.
Loca
tion
The
pri
mar
y co
nsid
erat
ion
resu
lting
fro
m th
e ch
oice
of
site
is th
e re
latio
nshi
p of
the
cam
pus
to th
e co
mm
unity
. Thi
sre
latio
nshi
p in
volv
es th
e ex
tra-
curr
icul
ar r
ole
of th
e ca
mpu
sin
the
com
mun
ity, g
oing
bey
ond
its p
rim
ary
educ
atio
nal
func
tion
and
the
com
mun
ity's
rol
e in
the
func
tioni
ng o
f th
eca
mpu
s. T
he c
omm
unity
's r
ole
is u
sual
ly s
ocia
l, pr
ovid
ing
gath
erin
g pl
aces
, res
iden
tial a
ccom
mod
atio
n, a
nd e
cono
mic
supp
ort f
or th
e co
llege
and
the
stud
ents
.N
ew c
ampu
ses
tend
to b
e lo
cate
d in
the
coun
trys
ide.
The
prac
tical
rea
sons
of
loca
tion
are
obvi
ousl
y in
flue
nced
by
cam
pus
grow
th. H
ighe
r ed
ucat
ion
faci
litie
s re
quir
e a
rang
eof
fle
xibi
lity
whi
ch is
mor
e ea
sily
dev
elop
ed in
a n
on-u
rban
loca
tion.
Cam
puse
s do
not
dev
elop
in a
n or
derl
y m
anne
rth
at c
an b
e ne
atly
pha
sed
with
the
obso
lese
nce
of e
xist
ing
build
ings
on
the
bord
ers
of a
n ur
ban
site
. How
ever
, phy
sica
lre
mov
al f
rom
the
com
mun
ity m
ay a
lso
impl
y a
subt
le k
ind
of s
egre
gatio
n fr
om e
very
-day
life
whi
ch m
ay n
ot b
e he
alth
yfo
r ei
ther
the
acad
emic
or
the
secu
lar
com
mun
ity.
Acc
essi
bilit
yN
o m
atte
r ho
w g
reat
the
degr
ee o
f se
greg
atio
n, th
e ca
mpu
san
d th
e co
mm
unity
are
link
ed b
y tr
ansp
orta
tion
syst
ems.
The
pol
icie
s of
the
colle
ge a
nd c
omm
unity
mus
t be
care
fully
coor
dina
ted
in th
is f
ield
. For
exa
mpl
e, if
the
cam
pus
dele
-ga
tes
its r
esid
entia
l rol
e to
the
com
mun
ity (
as it
doe
s en
tirel
yin
com
mut
er c
ampu
ses)
, eas
y ac
cess
to th
e ca
mpu
s m
ust b
epr
ovid
ed. I
f th
is is
to b
e en
tirel
y by
pri
vate
car
s, th
e ro
adsy
stem
of
the
com
mun
ity m
ust b
e ab
le to
han
dle
the
traf
fic
with
out c
ausi
ng c
onge
stio
n. I
f pu
blic
tran
spor
t fac
ilitie
s ar
eto
be
used
they
mus
t be
capa
ble
of b
eari
ng th
e lo
ad. A
nex
ampl
e of
this
inte
r-re
latio
nshi
p is
sho
wn
in th
e M
anch
es-
ter
Edu
catio
nal P
reci
nct R
epor
t. In
itial
ly, t
he u
nive
rsity
in-
tend
ed th
at a
larg
e pe
rcen
tage
of
stud
ents
wou
ld li
ve a
tho
me
and
com
mut
e to
cam
pus
by b
us. S
tudi
es s
how
ed th
at
6
it w
ould
be
impo
ssib
le to
acc
omm
odat
e su
ffic
ient
bus
spa
ceon
the
city
's s
tree
ts. A
s a
resu
lt, th
e un
iver
sity
incr
ease
d th
eam
ount
of
resi
denc
e fa
cilit
ies
and
of s
tude
nt p
arki
ng o
n th
esi
te, a
nd th
e ci
ty r
e-ro
uted
a p
ropo
sed
rapi
d tr
ansi
t rou
te(m
onor
ail)
thro
ugh
the
cam
pus.
As
a re
sult
the
univ
ersi
tyw
as a
ble
to c
arry
ahe
ad it
s pl
ans
for
expa
nsio
n to
mee
t the
dem
ands
of
incr
easi
ng e
nrol
men
t.T
o a
grea
ter
or le
ss e
xten
t eve
ry u
nive
rsity
is f
aced
with
the
prob
lem
of
auto
mob
iles:
how
man
y to
allo
w in
, and
whe
reto
put
them
. It i
s in
tere
stin
g th
at a
hig
h de
gree
of
pede
stri
anan
d ve
hicu
lar
segr
egat
ion
is n
ot o
nly
acce
pted
but
oft
ende
man
ded
by h
ighe
r ed
ucat
ion
inst
itutio
ns. E
xist
ing
colle
ges
and
univ
ersi
ties,
pla
nned
alo
ng a
nor
mal
str
eet s
yste
m, a
retr
ying
a v
arie
ty o
f m
etho
ds to
exc
lude
car
s fr
om a
t lea
st a
part
of
the
cam
pus.
Phy
sica
l Cha
ract
eris
tics
Eac
h si
te h
as it
s un
ique
phy
sica
l cha
ract
eris
tics
sub-
soil
cond
itons
, top
ogra
phy,
land
scap
e an
d m
icro
-clim
ate
whi
ch m
ust b
e ca
refu
lly e
valu
ated
in th
e sp
atia
l org
aniz
atio
nof
a c
ampu
s. A
dver
se s
ub-s
oil c
ondi
tons
may
nec
essi
tate
cost
ly b
uild
ing
foun
datio
ns, l
imit
the
econ
omic
ally
fea
sibl
ew
eigh
t of
the
stru
ctur
e, o
r ev
en p
rohi
bit c
onst
ruct
ion
on p
art
of th
e si
te.
The
mas
ter
plan
and
the
arch
itect
's s
truc
ture
s m
ust b
e in
harm
ony
with
the
topo
grap
hy. C
erta
in la
nd f
orm
s m
ay g
en-
erat
e a
part
icul
ar ty
pe o
f de
velo
pmen
t. T
he s
lope
of
the
land
is a
fac
tor
affe
ctin
g m
ovem
ent.
Dra
mat
ic v
aria
tions
in th
eco
ntou
rs m
ay li
mit
grow
th. T
his
is n
ot to
say
that
a f
lat s
iteis
pre
fera
ble
to a
slo
ping
one
. It i
s th
e re
spon
sibi
lity
of th
ear
chite
ct to
exp
loit
the
natu
ral c
hara
cter
istic
s of
any
site
and
to e
xplo
it na
tura
l des
irab
le f
eatu
res
econ
omic
ally
. The
re
may
be
tree
s, s
hrub
s, w
ild f
low
ers,
etc
., th
at c
anbe
util
ized
to c
reat
e a
natu
ral f
eatu
re o
n th
e ca
mpu
s. A
dditi
onal
pla
nt-
ing,
exc
avat
ion
and
eart
h m
ovem
ent m
ay a
ugm
ent e
xist
ing
feat
ures
but
the
land
scap
ing
need
s to
be
plan
ned
as im
agin
a-tiv
ely
as th
e ar
chite
ctur
e. I
t sho
uld
be tr
eate
d as
a p
ositi
vede
sign
ele
men
t and
not
be
mer
ely
an a
fter
thou
ght.
With
our
urb
an p
atte
rns
of li
ving
the
mic
ro-c
limat
e of
apa
rtic
ular
site
is a
n al
mos
t for
gotte
n fa
ctor
. How
ever
, far
m-
ers
still
kno
w it
wel
l; th
ey r
ealiz
e th
atla
nd f
orm
s cr
eate
lo-
caliz
ed a
ir f
low
s th
at p
rote
ct s
ome
port
ions
of
grou
nd a
ndex
pose
oth
ers.
Thi
s is
mor
e ob
viou
s on
asi
te w
ith w
ell
mou
lded
con
tour
s bu
t is
of e
qual
impo
rtan
ce o
n th
e pl
ains
.T
he e
ffec
t of
build
ings
on
the
mic
ro-c
limat
e is
just
beg
inni
ngto
be
reco
gniz
ed. F
or e
xam
ple,
tow
er b
lock
s ac
cele
rate
and
reve
rse
the
win
d di
rect
ion
at g
roun
d le
vel.
In s
ome
case
s,th
epe
dest
rian
pla
zas
so c
aref
ully
squ
eeze
d in
at t
he b
ase
of o
ff-
ice
tow
ers
are
unin
habi
tabl
e.A
t San
Mat
eo C
olle
ge in
San
Mat
eo C
alif
orni
a, p
edes
tria
npa
ths
are
cano
pied
for
wea
ther
pro
tect
ion.
The
y pr
ovid
esh
ade
in h
ot w
eath
er b
ut c
reat
e ed
ies
of a
ir w
hich
sw
eep
rain
unde
r th
em. T
he e
ffec
ts o
f m
an-m
ade
stru
ctur
es o
n th
em
ovem
ent o
f ai
r is
dif
ficu
lt to
pre
dict
. Arc
hite
cts
are
utili
z-in
g w
ind
tunn
els
in o
f de
r to
test
mod
els
for
desi
red
cond
i-tio
ns o
f sh
elte
r or
exp
osur
e.
Clim
ate
Prec
ipita
tion,
tem
pera
ture
ran
ges
and
prev
ailin
g w
inds
,co
nsid
ered
in r
elat
ion
to th
e us
e of
the
build
ings
, will
impo
sede
sign
con
ditio
ns o
n ou
tdoo
r an
d in
door
pat
hs o
f m
ove-
men
t.A
sev
ere
clim
ate
redu
ces
acc,
Tta
ble
outd
oor
wal
king
dis
t-an
ces.
For
exa
mpl
e, a
num
ber
of y
ears
ago
Nor
thw
este
rnU
nive
rsity
bui
lt a
larg
e cl
assr
oom
bui
ldin
g se
vera
l blo
cks
from
the
rest
of
thei
r te
achi
ng f
acili
ties.
The
stu
dent
s ha
d to
wal
k al
ong
the
edge
of
Lak
e M
ichi
gan
to r
each
the
build
ing.
Dur
ing
win
ter,
the
win
d bl
owin
g of
f th
e la
ke m
ade
wal
king
agon
y, a
nd th
e st
uden
ts s
oon
lear
ned
toav
oid
regi
ster
ing
for
win
ter
clas
ses
loca
ted
in th
at b
uild
ing.
Rec
ent e
xpan
sion
of
the
cam
pus
has
been
mad
e by
land
fill
into
the
lake
. The
larg
e cl
assr
oom
bui
ldin
g is
no
long
er is
olat
ed a
nd th
e ne
wco
nstr
uctio
n sh
elte
rs th
e pe
dest
rian
pat
h w
hich
is n
o lo
nger
on th
e w
ater
's e
dge,
with
the
resu
lt th
atst
uden
ts n
o lo
nger
shun
cla
sses
in th
e bu
ildin
g.T
he d
egre
e of
pro
tect
ion
requ
ired
for
ped
estr
ian
mov
emen
tin
a c
limat
e as
var
iabl
e as
Can
ada'
s is
dif
ficu
lt to
agr
eeup
on. C
hang
ing
stan
dard
s of
livi
ngha
ve te
nded
to d
ecre
ase
wal
king
tim
e in
ver
y co
ld o
r ve
ry h
ot w
eath
er. I
t is
likel
yth
at th
is tr
end
will
con
tinue
. Alte
rnat
ely,
som
e pe
ople
fin
dco
ntac
t with
the
natu
ral c
limat
e ps
ycho
logi
cally
invi
gora
t-in
g. T
he u
se o
f cl
imat
e co
ntro
lled
spac
es f
or p
edes
tria
nm
ovem
ent w
ill u
ndou
bted
ly c
ontin
ue to
incr
ease
but
it is
high
ly d
esir
able
that
alte
rnat
ive
exte
rnal
rou
tes
also
be
prov
-id
ed.
7
IIMP
IIIM
PT
GR
OW
TH
PA
TT
ER
NS
Fle
xibi
lity
Con
side
rat:o
ns
Typ
es o
f Cha
nge
to b
e A
ccom
mod
ated
No
fina
l out
com
e ca
n be
pre
dict
ed f
or a
col
lege
cam
pus.
Est
imat
es o
f ul
timat
e si
ze a
re o
f lim
ited
valu
e in
long
-ter
mpl
anni
ng, w
hen
acad
emic
pol
icy
chan
ges
may
aff
ect b
oth
the
phys
ical
and
soc
ial s
truc
ture
of
the
colle
ge, a
nd te
chno
l-og
ical
adv
ance
s m
ay p
rovi
de n
ew m
eans
of
shel
teri
ng, s
erv-
icin
g, tr
ansp
ortin
g, a
nd e
duca
ting
the
lear
ning
com
mun
ity.
The
pla
nnin
g pr
oces
s m
ust b
e ke
pt f
lexi
ble,
rea
dy to
ada
ptto
aca
dem
ic, s
ocia
l and
tech
nolo
gica
l cha
nges
, yet
at a
lltim
es r
etai
ning
an
over
all p
lan
for
the
colle
ge a
s a
cohe
rent
entit
y.C
hang
e in
Sca
leA
fle
xibl
e sy
stem
of
orga
niza
tion
mus
t be
foun
d th
at w
illpe
rmit
a va
riet
y of
type
s of
cha
nge.
The
obv
ious
type
is a
chan
ge in
sca
leth
at is
, in
the
num
ber
of s
tude
nts
en-
rolle
d. T
his
may
be
caus
ed b
y a
sign
ific
ant v
aria
tion
in th
epo
pula
tion
of th
e co
llege
's b
asic
cat
chm
ent a
rea,
or
chan
g-in
g so
cial
sta
ndar
ds a
nd e
mpl
oym
ent n
eeds
. Alth
ough
chan
ge in
sca
le is
now
ass
ocia
ted
with
an
incr
ease
in s
tude
nten
rolm
ent,
this
has
not
alw
ays
been
true
. In
the
past
, cri
ses
such
as
the
depr
essi
on, W
orld
War
II
and
the
Kor
ean
War
have
cau
sed
a de
crea
se in
tota
l stu
dent
enr
olm
ent a
nd a
sig
-ni
fica
nt c
hang
e in
the
mal
e fe
mal
e st
uden
t rat
io a
nd, h
ence
,a
chan
ge in
the
dem
and
for
part
icul
ar c
ours
es.
Cha
nges
in O
rgan
izat
ion
Hig
her
educ
atio
n is
in a
sta
te o
f fl
ux. T
he m
etho
ds e
m-
ploy
ed in
teac
hing
and
the
need
s w
hich
they
sat
isfy
are
chan
ging
and
this
aff
ects
the
orga
niza
tion
of th
e ac
adem
icpr
ogra
m w
hich
in tu
rn, a
ffec
ts th
e lo
catio
n, ty
pe a
ndsi
ze o
fth
e ca
mpu
s co
mpo
nent
s an
d th
eir
linka
ges.
It i
s di
ffic
ult t
ofo
reca
st th
e ex
act n
atur
e of
cha
nges
that
will
nee
d to
be
ac-
com
mod
ated
. Inc
reas
ing
spec
ializ
atio
n m
ay d
eman
d a
prov
isio
n of
sm
alle
r un
its, y
et tr
ends
tow
ard
inte
r-de
part
-m
enta
l org
aniz
atio
n m
ay in
dica
te la
rger
uni
ts. T
he w
ide-
spre
ad u
se o
f el
ectr
onic
teac
hing
aid
s m
ay c
ause
a r
evol
u-tio
n in
the
basi
c co
ncep
ts o
f th
e or
gani
zatio
n of
the
acad
em-
ic p
rogr
am. T
he p
hysi
cal e
ffec
t of
TV
link
s be
twee
n te
ach-
ers
and
stud
ents
on
the
phys
ical
for
mof
hig
her
educ
atio
nal
faci
litie
s is
dif
ficu
lt to
for
esee
.
Cha
nge
in G
roup
ings
Soci
al a
nd te
chno
logi
cal d
evel
opm
ents
may
mak
e tr
aditi
on-
al a
nd c
onte
mpo
rary
gro
upin
gs o
bsol
ete.
For
exa
mpl
e, in
term
s of
bot
h ac
adem
ic p
rogr
am a
nd p
hysi
cal f
acili
ties,
sci
-en
ce c
ours
es a
re f
requ
ently
sep
arat
ed f
rom
art
s co
urse
s.In
the
futu
re th
is m
ay n
ot b
e a
valid
div
isio
n of
dis
cipl
ines
.O
bsol
esce
nce
Ove
r th
e co
urse
of
year
s, b
uild
ings
det
erio
rate
and
will
re-
quir
e re
plac
ing.
Cha
nges
in s
cale
, org
aniz
atio
n an
d gr
oup-
ing
may
res
ult i
n bu
ildin
gs b
ecom
ing
unsu
itabl
e fo
r th
eir
orig
inal
fun
ctio
ns. F
lexi
bilit
y as
a c
rite
rion
in d
esig
n co
uld
help
to f
ores
tall
obso
lesc
ence
alth
ough
gen
eral
eco
nom
icco
nditi
ons
tend
to d
elay
or
acce
lera
te it
.
Gro
wth
and
cha
nge
in B
uild
ings
"The
sub
ject
of
grow
th a
nd c
hang
e in
bui
ldin
gs is
one
that
has
rece
ntly
rec
eive
d co
nsid
erab
le a
ttent
ion
from
arc
hite
cts
and
plan
ners
..
.A
lthou
gh s
ome
wri
ters
hav
e te
nded
to a
t-tr
ibut
e to
bui
ldin
gs a
lmos
t org
anic
pro
pert
ies
of g
row
th, a
ndha
ve s
ugge
sted
typi
cal g
row
th c
urve
s an
d lif
e sp
ans
for
cer-
tain
bui
ldin
g ty
pes,
it is
wor
th r
emem
beri
ng th
at a
dditi
ons
and
alte
ratio
ns to
bui
ldin
gs a
re m
ade
quite
sim
ply
in r
e-sp
onse
to th
e ne
eds
of th
e or
gani
zatio
n w
hich
they
hou
sefo
r ex
ampl
e, in
crea
ses
in p
opul
atio
n, c
hang
ing
activ
ities
or
chan
ging
spa
ce s
tand
ards
and
that
the
root
cau
ses
ofbu
ildin
g gr
owth
, and
cha
nge
mus
t be
soug
ht a
t the
se le
vels
.A
bui
ldin
g is
bou
nd to
be
adde
d to
or
exte
nded
in la
rge
in-
crem
ents
, and
the
tota
l are
a of
acc
omm
odat
ion
incr
ease
s in
a se
ries
of
step
s, w
hile
pop
ulat
ion
tend
s to
gro
w a
t a s
tead
ier
rate
..
.th
is h
as c
onse
quen
ces
on th
e va
ryin
g pa
ttern
of
unde
r an
d ov
er u
tiliz
atio
n th
roug
hout
the
build
ing'
shi
stor
y. "
'
Fle
xibi
lity
Crit
eria
It is
diff
icul
t how
ever
, to
defin
e cr
iteria
for
flexi
bilit
y in
am
aste
r pl
an. T
he f
ollo
win
g fa
ctor
s in
the
orga
niza
tion
ofph
ysic
al e
lem
ents
sho
uld
be c
onsi
dere
d:T
hrou
gh th
e ca
mpu
s th
ere
shou
ld b
e a
max
imum
fre
e-do
m o
f as
soci
atio
n, c
hoic
e an
d co
mm
unic
atio
n fo
r st
uden
ts,
facu
lty a
nd s
taff
.
Eac
h ph
ase
of th
e de
velo
ping
cam
pus
shou
ld b
e ca
pabl
eof
fun
ctio
ning
eff
icie
ntly
and
not
dep
end
on f
urth
er g
row
thta
king
pla
ce.
The
cam
pus
shou
ld b
e ca
pabl
e of
gro
wth
with
out d
efor
-m
atio
n or
dis
tort
ion.
Furt
her
phas
es s
houl
d be
pla
nned
in s
uch
a w
ay th
at th
eyw
ill n
ot in
terf
ere
with
the
exis
ting
cam
pus.
The
mas
ter
plan
sho
uld
allo
w f
or th
e ch
ange
and
re.
new
alof
its
elem
ents
.A
t the
des
ign
stag
e th
e m
ulti-
use
and
adap
tabi
lity
ofsp
aces
and
cha
nges
of
func
tion
of s
pace
s sh
ould
be
prov
ided
for.
Ada
ptat
ion
of tr
ansp
orta
tion
syst
ems
and
park
ing
ac-
com
mod
atio
n to
cha
nges
in c
ampu
s or
gani
zatio
n.
Typ
es o
f Gro
wth
Pat
tern
s
In th
e fo
llow
ing
sect
ions
sev
eral
type
s of
cam
pus
plan
s ar
eex
amin
ed in
rel
atio
n to
thei
r gr
owth
pat
tern
s as
cau
sed
byan
incr
ease
in s
cale
.A
xial
An
axia
l pat
tern
of
grow
th is
use
d so
fre
quen
tly in
the
deve
l-op
men
t of
cam
pus
mas
ter
plan
s, th
at it
mig
ht b
e re
ferr
ed to
as th
e tr
aditi
onal
pla
n. T
he b
asic
org
aniz
ing
prin
cipl
e is
ace
ntra
l axi
s or
spa
ce a
roun
d w
hich
bui
ldin
gs a
re a
rran
ged.
A c
entr
al s
pace
, spi
ne, m
all o
r qu
adra
ngle
is th
e or
gani
zing
feat
ure
arou
nd w
hich
oth
er s
truc
ture
s an
d ar
eas
are
ar-
rang
ed. T
he a
xial
pat
tern
sta
rts
with
a c
ore
build
ing
whi
ch,
in th
e ea
rly
stag
es, m
ay h
ouse
the
who
le u
nive
rsity
.E
xten
sion
fro
m th
is f
irm
ly e
stab
lishe
d ce
ntre
gro
ws
alon
gth
e ax
es e
stab
lishe
d by
the
cent
ral s
pace
. It s
houl
d be
pos
si-
ble
to m
ove
the
cent
re o
f ac
tivity
as
deve
lopm
ent t
akes
plac
e.T
he te
rm a
xial
impl
ies
one
dom
inan
t gro
wth
and
mov
emen
tpa
ttern
. In
addi
tion,
ther
e ar
e us
ually
sec
onda
ry p
aths
of
grow
th. T
he tr
aditi
onal
use
of
the
axia
l gro
wth
pri
ncip
le h
asbe
en a
pplie
d to
a d
epar
tmen
tal a
cade
mic
pro
gram
. Eac
hdi
scip
line
is h
ouse
d in
a s
epar
ate
build
ing;
allo
win
g th
e de
-pa
rtm
ent t
o gr
ow o
utw
ards
fro
m th
e m
ajor
axi
s. P
iece
mea
lde
velo
pmen
t is
sim
ple
sinc
e ea
ch n
ew a
dditi
on c
an b
e an
indi
vidu
al b
uild
ing
whi
ch is
rel
ated
to th
e to
tal c
ompl
ex o
nly
at th
e po
int w
here
it c
onta
cts
the
pede
stri
an m
all.
The
re is
ada
nger
that
this
arr
ange
men
t may
lead
to a
n un
desi
rabl
ese
para
tion
of in
terr
elat
ed d
isci
plin
es.
The
cor
e of
this
type
of
cam
pus
is d
efin
ed b
y th
e lo
cus
ofgr
eate
st s
tude
nt c
once
ntra
tion.
At S
an M
ateo
Jun
ior
Col
-le
ge, t
he tw
o pe
dest
rian
mal
ls w
hich
for
m p
rinc
iple
axe
s in
-te
rsec
t in
fron
t of
the
adm
inis
trat
ion
build
ing,
gym
nasi
um,
libra
ry a
nd s
tude
nt c
entr
e. T
he o
ther
bui
ldin
gs a
re lo
cate
dal
ong
the
axes
acc
ordi
ng to
aca
dem
ic a
ffin
ity. A
s yo
u m
ove
outw
ards
fro
m th
e co
re th
ere
is le
ss c
omm
unic
atio
n. I
n th
isex
ampl
e, p
arki
ng a
nd s
port
s fi
elds
are
fou
nd o
n th
e pe
ri-
pher
y, s
ince
long
er p
erio
ds o
f tim
e ar
e sp
ent i
n sp
orts
seve
ral h
ours
or
the
afte
rnoo
n ra
ther
than
fif
ty m
inut
es a
sfo
r a
lect
ure.
The
re is
con
tact
with
a c
ar o
nly
twic
e du
ring
one'
s st
ay o
n ca
mpu
son
arr
ival
and
on
depa
rtur
e. B
yde
sign
ing
road
s in
a p
erip
hery
loop
and
pro
vidi
ng p
arki
ng a
tth
is p
oint
, aut
omob
iles
are
elim
inat
ed f
rom
the
cent
re c
am-
pus.
Seg
rega
tion
of v
ehic
les
and
pede
stri
ans
is a
chie
ved.
In
such
a s
yste
m, s
ervi
ce a
cces
s m
ust s
till b
e pr
ovid
ed to
the
cent
ral c
ampu
s.T
he U
nive
rsity
of
Chi
cago
Cir
cle
Cam
pus
is a
n ex
ampl
e of
axia
l pla
nnin
g w
ith a
fun
ctio
nal a
lloca
tion
of u
ses.
Cla
ssro
oms,
adm
inis
trat
ion
spac
e an
d la
bora
tori
es f
or e
ach
disc
iplin
e ar
e gr
oupe
d to
geth
er in
sep
arat
e st
ruct
ures
. The
axes
of
grow
th a
re d
efin
ed a
t the
ped
estr
ian
leve
l of
mov
e-m
ent.
Gro
und
leve
l cir
cula
tion
is le
ft p
rim
arily
for
veh
icle
s.T
he c
entr
al o
rgan
izin
g fe
atur
e is
an
agor
a on
the
roof
of
the
lect
ure
room
blo
ck w
hich
pro
vide
s a
plac
e fo
r in
form
alga
ther
ings
and
for
mal
mee
tings
in g
ood
wea
ther
.
9
San
Mat
eo J
unio
r C
olle
ge
it
030
060
0 F
t
Tec
hn ic
aoc
atio
nal
catio
nal A
rts
dent
Cen
tre
dini
nist
titio
n
The
atre
Veh
icul
ar T
raffi
c
*? P
edes
tria
n T
raffi
c
Uni
vers
ity o
f Illi
nois
, Chi
cago
Circ
le C
ampu
s, C
hica
go,
U.S
.A.
940
080
010
00 F
t
11
11
Lin
ear
In s
ome
resp
ects
, lin
ear
grow
th is
a ty
pe o
f ax
ial
grow
th.
The
dif
fere
nce
bein
g th
at a
line
ar d
evel
opm
ent h
as a
sing
lesp
ine
and
henc
e on
ly o
ne p
rinc
iple
dir
ectio
n of
gro
wth
,fro
mth
e en
ds o
f th
e sp
ine.
The
sub
-sys
tem
s, d
epar
tmen
ts,
func
-tio
ns, c
olle
ges,
etc
., ca
n de
velo
p, w
ithin
lim
its, a
tri
ght a
n-gl
es a
way
fro
m th
e sp
ine.
Dev
elop
men
t of
this
type
is li
mite
dby
the
avai
labi
lity
of n
ew la
nd a
nd b
y th
e ea
se o
fint
erac
tion
from
one
end
to th
e ot
her.
Sim
on F
rase
r U
nive
rsity
is a
n ex
ampl
e of
the
use
of a
linea
rgr
owth
pat
tern
to e
ncou
rage
the
over
lapp
ing
and
mer
ging
oftr
aditi
onal
dis
cipl
ines
. The
spi
ne s
tret
ches
fro
m s
tude
nt r
esi-
denc
es a
t one
end
to th
e qu
adra
ngle
of
teac
hing
spa
ces
at th
eot
her.
The
maj
or c
omm
unal
fac
ilitie
s, li
brar
y, g
ymna
sium
,th
eatr
e an
d ba
llroo
m a
re p
lugg
ed in
to th
e sp
ine
at in
term
e-di
ate
loca
tions
. Ped
estr
ian
vehi
cula
r tr
affi
c is
seg
reat
edve
rtic
ally
. A tr
ansp
orta
tion
cent
re is
loca
ted
in a
n in
term
e-di
ate
poin
t in
the
spin
e. P
arki
ng g
arag
es a
re p
rovi
ded
at th
elo
wer
leve
ls u
nder
the
pede
stri
an m
all.
The
Uni
vers
ity o
f B
ath
in E
ngla
nd u
ses
linea
r de
velo
pmen
tfo
r a
depa
rtm
enta
l aca
dem
ic p
rogr
am. T
he c
entr
alsp
ine
whi
ch is
cal
led
the
para
de, i
s w
here
the
mos
t sta
tic c
omm
un-
al s
pace
s of
the
cam
pus
are
loca
ted.
The
se a
rere
side
nces
and
the
gene
ral t
each
ing
spac
es o
f ea
ch s
choo
l or
depa
rt-
men
t. T
he le
ss d
eter
min
ed a
nd m
ore
heav
ily s
ervi
ced
spac
esbr
anch
off
fro
m e
ither
sid
e of
the
para
de.
The
mas
ter
plan
is o
rgan
ized
to a
llow
eas
y ad
ditio
nof
ele
-m
ents
with
out d
isru
ptio
n of
the
exis
ting
cam
pus
until
the
stud
ent p
opul
atio
n re
ache
s 5,
000.
Eac
h gr
owth
elem
ent
cont
ains
a c
entr
al u
se f
acili
ty s
uch
as a
thea
tre,
som
e co
m-
mun
al f
acili
ties
whi
ch th
e pl
anne
rs h
ave
defi
ned
as g
roup
cent
res
(stu
dent
uni
on),
and
res
taur
ant
base
s. T
hese
are
lo-
cate
d al
ong
the
para
de. E
ach
scho
ol h
as a
com
mun
al n
ucle
-us
bor
deri
ng o
n th
epa
rade
.
Sim
on F
rase
r U
nive
rsity
, Brit
ish
Col
umbi
a, C
anad
a
Res
iden
ceS
tude
nt C
entr
e
MIS
Libr
ary
=1:
1313
E:1
Cla
ssro
oms
IMM
I=um
Nom
=
MIN
N M
IRN
I' II
Adm
inis
trat
ion
110
1111
1111
1 I
ME
I MO
MIM
P in
Mie
=l
111
I11.
.11
111
MO
MI
I in
MI
-- 1
111
Sci
ence
Com
plex
Uni
vers
ity o
f Bat
h, E
ngla
nd
Gen
eral
Tea
chin
gR
esid
entia
l.-
J=1.
4,-
--,
Labo
rato
ries
Sec
tion
A-A
Com
mun
al F
acili
ties
Par
ade,
Roa
d U
nder
Labo
rato
ries
Labo
rato
ries
Labo
rato
ries
Circ
ulat
ion
rout
esS
ectio
n B
-BD
ucts
Rad
ial G
row
thR
adia
l gro
wth
pat
tern
s de
pend
on
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
ast
rong
cen
tral
cor
e. S
econ
dary
ele
men
ts c
onne
ct d
irec
tlyw
ith th
e co
re a
t one
end
, pro
vidi
ng c
lose
cont
act w
ith th
ece
ntre
and
with
the
othe
r el
emen
ts. T
he o
ther
end
of
each
elem
ent p
roje
cts
into
the
land
scap
e an
d ha
sa
sens
e of
de-
tach
men
t fro
m th
e w
hole
com
plex
. The
axi
al ty
pe o
fex
pan-
sion
at t
he o
uter
end
s is
pos
sibl
e w
ithou
t dis
rupt
ing
the
col-
lege
life
at t
he c
entr
e.T
he c
ore
coul
d be
com
pare
d to
an
agor
a or
mar
ket p
lace
inol
d to
wns
. It i
s th
e po
int w
here
all
path
scr
oss
to c
reat
e a
max
imum
of
soci
al in
ter-
actio
n; it
is h
ere
that
the
com
mun
-al
fac
ilitie
s of
the
colle
ge a
re lo
cate
d.
At S
carb
orou
gh C
olle
ge (
Phas
e O
ne),
the
cent
ral f
ocus
isth
e m
eetin
g pl
ace
off
whi
ch a
re r
ange
d th
e ad
min
istr
ativ
eof
fice
s. T
he m
eetin
g pl
ace
itsel
f pr
ovid
es th
e so
cial
foc
us f
orth
e co
llege
and
is im
med
iate
ly a
djac
ent t
o th
e ca
fete
ria,
book
sto
re a
nd li
brar
y fa
cilit
ies.
The
win
g ex
tend
ing
to th
ew
est h
ouse
s th
e sc
ienc
e gr
oup,
labo
rato
ries
, lec
ture
thea
tres
,fa
culty
off
ices
and
res
earc
h la
bs. T
he e
ast w
ing
is d
evot
ed to
the
hum
aniti
esth
e la
rge
audi
tori
ums,
larg
e an
d sm
all
lect
ure
thea
tres
, and
fac
ulty
off
ices
. Ext
ensi
on to
the
colle
geca
n be
mad
e by
add
ition
s to
the
exis
ting
win
gs a
nd b
y ad
d-in
g ne
w li
near
ele
men
ts.
The
new
cam
pus
at I
rvin
e C
alif
orni
a al
sous
es a
rad
ial p
rin-
cipl
e of
gro
wth
but
in a
ver
y di
ffer
ent c
onte
xt. T
he p
lan
is in
the
form
of
a gi
ant w
heel
with
a 3
0-ac
re p
ark
as th
e hu
b an
dsi
x sp
okes
rad
iatin
g fr
om it
. Eac
h sp
oke
is a
rran
ged
axia
llyw
ithin
itse
lf. T
he p
rinc
ipal
spo
ke c
onta
ins
all t
he g
ener
alus
efa
cilit
ies
libra
ry, s
tude
nt c
entr
e an
d ad
min
istr
atio
n bu
ild-
ings
. In
the
othe
r qu
adra
ngle
spo
kes,
max
imum
usag
ebu
ildin
gs a
re lo
cate
d ne
ares
t the
hub
. Mov
ing
away
fro
mth
e ce
ntre
are
fou
nd g
radu
ate
faci
litie
s, r
esea
rch
labo
rato
-ri
es a
nd h
ousi
ng. A
thle
tic f
acili
ties
are
on th
e pe
riph
ery.
Add
ition
s to
the
cam
pus
are
mad
e in
itial
ly b
y ad
ding
"spo
kes"
unt
il th
e ci
rcle
of
six
quad
rang
les
has
been
com
-pl
eted
. Eac
h qu
adra
ngle
ele
men
t can
grow
out
war
ds f
rom
the
cent
re. A
t the
per
imet
er o
f th
e w
heel
ther
e w
ill a
lso
bero
om f
or la
tera
l ext
ensi
ons.
How
ever
, the
cam
pus
beco
mes
very
spr
awlin
g an
d th
e di
stan
ces
acro
ss th
e di
amet
er te
nd to
be to
o gr
eat t
o al
low
eas
y in
ter-
actio
n. T
he h
ub w
here
the
cent
ral l
ife
of th
e ca
mpu
s w
ould
be
expe
cted
to b
e fo
und
isem
pty.
The
pro
visi
on o
f a
thir
ty-a
cre
core
par
k pe
rmits
fu-
ture
ext
ensi
on o
f th
e ce
ntra
l fac
ilitie
s in
war
ds.
15
Sca
rbor
ough
Col
lege
, Uni
vers
ity o
f Tor
onto
, Ont
ario
, Can
ada
T.V
. Stu
dio
Caf
eter
ia
Lect
ure
The
atre
Mee
ting
Pla
ce
Offi
ces
Labs
and
Offi
ces
Labs
and
Offi
ce
Isis
i.....
.1o
5010
0 F
t.
Uni
vers
ity o
f Cal
iforn
ia, I
rvin
e C
ampu
s, C
alifo
rnia
, U. S
. A.
Stu
dent
Hou
sing
IN
No
ow%
esH
uman
ity
Life
Sci
ence
Gat
eway
Pla
za
Par
k
I## - es
IIE
ngin
eerin
poS
tr**
*a
%
Phy
sica
l Sci
ence
so a
I8
ellt, 11
wow
s' s
Soc
ial S
cien
ce
r
1-11
.--4
--0-
4
Stu
dent
Hou
sing
080
0 F
eet
17
Prec
inct
ual
In th
e pr
ecin
ctua
l for
m o
f ca
mpu
sor
gani
zatio
n th
e co
mpl
exis
bro
ken
dow
n in
to b
alan
ced
com
pone
nts.
The
idea
is to
have
equ
ality
of
com
pone
nt im
port
ance
. The
reis
no
maj
orfe
atut
g in
the
patte
rn. T
he c
ompo
nent
s m
ayco
nsis
t of
func
-tio
ns, d
epar
tmen
ts, o
r be
ele
men
ts c
onta
inin
gal
l fea
ture
s of
univ
ersi
ty li
fe. G
row
th c
an b
e de
velo
ped
in a
nydi
rect
ion
beca
use
ther
e is
no
cent
ral f
ocus
to w
hich
elem
ents
hav
e to
be d
irec
tly r
elat
ed.
18
The
Uni
vers
ity o
f Y
ork
in E
ngla
ndad
opte
d a
prec
inct
ual
grow
th p
atte
rn to
acc
omm
odat
e a
tuto
rial
aca
dem
ic p
ro-
gram
. The
re is
no
cent
ral c
ampu
sin
the
trad
ition
al s
ense
. Anu
mte
r of
nod
es w
ere
crea
ted
so th
atfa
cilit
ies
wou
ld b
ew
ithin
a c
ircl
e w
hose
rad
ius
repr
esen
ts f
ive
min
utes
wal
king
time.
The
nod
es h
ave
a tr
i-pa
rt s
truc
ture
,ea
ch h
avin
g on
ece
ntra
l-co
re ty
pe f
acili
ty (
libra
ry, t
heat
re,
stud
ent u
nion
) to
help
est
ablis
h its
iden
tity
and
to e
nsur
em
axim
um c
omm
uni-
catio
n be
twee
n th
e no
des.
The
sec
ond
elem
ent c
onta
ins
fa-
cilit
ies
that
req
uire
lim
ited
flex
ibili
tyre
side
nces
and
gen
-er
al p
urpo
se te
achi
ng s
pace
suc
h as
sm
all
lect
ure
and
sem
i-na
r ro
oms.
The
thir
del
emen
t is
for
faci
litie
s re
quir
ing
exte
n-si
ve in
tern
al f
lexi
bilit
y, s
uch
as te
achi
ng s
pace
san
d re
sear
chfa
cilit
ies.
Thi
s is
loca
ted
on th
e pe
riph
ery
of th
esu
b-gr
oup
so th
at it
can
be
easi
lyex
pand
ed.
The
cam
pus
was
pla
nned
to a
llow
ase
rial
dev
elop
men
t of
the
tota
l com
plex
. Sin
ce e
ach
node
isco
mpl
ete
with
in it
self
,th
e ca
mpu
s ca
n be
dev
elop
ed in
self
-con
tain
ed s
tage
s.
Uni
vers
ity o
f Yor
k, E
ngla
nd
19
Cel
lula
r /G
ridC
ellu
lar
grow
th p
atte
rns
plac
e an
emph
asis
on
flex
ibili
ty.
The
ess
ence
of
the
cellu
lar
appr
oach
is to
dev
ise
a ba
sic
grid
rela
ted
to b
uild
ing
dim
ensi
ons
and
pede
stri
an m
ovem
ent
syst
ems.
The
gri
d is
spr
ead
acro
ssth
e w
hole
site
. If
the
site
is e
nlar
ged
the
grid
is s
impl
yex
tend
ed. T
he a
dvan
tage
of
this
app
roac
h is
that
the
syst
emha
s th
e po
tent
ial c
apac
ityfo
r ra
ndom
ext
ensi
on. M
any
grow
th p
atte
rns
are
poss
ible
with
in th
e ba
sic
dict
ates
of
the
grid
.If
a u
se in
the
cent
re o
fth
e si
te g
row
s, th
e sy
stem
perm
its a
djac
ent f
acili
ties
to s
lide
outw
ards
acr
oss
the
grid
or
cont
ract
toal
low
for
the
expa
n-si
on o
f th
e ce
ntra
l ele
men
ts.
At L
ough
boro
ugh
inL
eice
ster
, Eng
land
, the
con
cept
calls
for
the
spac
es w
ithin
the
grid
to b
e fl
exib
le. T
hein
here
ntpr
oble
m w
ith th
is ty
pe o
fde
sign
is a
loss
of
func
tiona
lef
fi-
cien
cy o
f ar
eas
beca
use
they
can
not
be d
esig
ned
for
a sp
ecif
-
ic u
se. T
his
cons
ider
atio
nha
s to
be
bala
nced
aga
inst
the
adva
ntag
es o
f be
ing
able
to c
onve
rt a
ny s
pace
to a
ny u
se.
20
Initi
al c
onst
ruct
ion
cost
s te
nd to
be
high
bec
ause
the
stru
c-tu
re a
nd s
ervi
ces
mus
t be
desi
gned
to a
ccom
mod
ate
unfo
re-
seen
use
s. T
he h
igh
initi
al c
ost m
ay b
e of
f-se
t by
low
er r
e-m
odel
ling
expe
nses
. The
gri
d sy
stem
ispa
rtic
ular
ly s
uita
ble
whe
re c
apita
l bui
ldin
g fu
nds
are
gran
ted
in r
elat
ivel
y sm
all
amou
nts;
sm
all u
nits
can
be
grad
ually
and
eas
ily a
dded
toth
e sy
stem
as
need
ed.
Whe
n th
is c
ellu
lar/
grid
app
roac
h is
used
for
the
mas
ter
plan
, the
des
igns
may
avo
id c
reat
ing
any
stro
ngce
ntra
l fo-
cus
on th
e ca
mpu
s.M
ajor
use
fac
ilitie
s ca
n be
dist
ribu
ted
thro
ugho
ut th
e ar
ea. O
n th
e ot
her
hand
a h
iera
rchy
of
cent
res
may
be
deve
lope
dth
roug
hout
the
grid
. The
cam
pus
plan
lead
s to
an
info
rmal
atm
osph
ere
and
arch
itect
ural
ly it
resu
lts in
an
intim
ate
scal
e of
bui
ldin
g.T
here
are
two
basi
c ty
pes
ofgr
id: d
irec
tiona
l and
non
-dir
ec-
tiona
l gri
d. T
he B
erlin
Fre
eU
nive
rsity
is a
n ex
ampl
e of
adi
rect
iona
l gri
d. T
he m
aste
r pl
anem
phas
izes
the
circ
ulat
ion
syst
em a
cros
s th
e le
ngth
of th
e si
te. A
pri
mar
y sy
stem
of
pede
stri
an r
oute
s 16
fee
t wid
e ru
npa
ralle
l to
each
oth
erac
ross
the
entir
e ca
mpu
s.A
t rig
ht a
ngle
s to
the
mai
n ar
ter-
ies
are
eigh
t foo
t wid
e se
cond
ary
circ
ulat
ion
path
s. T
hese
are
intr
oduc
ed a
sre
quir
ed. T
he p
edes
tria
n w
ays
are
on tw
ole
vels
and
bot
h le
vels
are
cov
ered
.T
he p
lann
ers
delib
erat
ely
avoi
ded
crea
ting
a ce
ntra
l foc
usbe
caus
e th
ey f
elt t
hat i
tw
ould
lim
it th
e fl
exib
ility
and
grow
th o
f th
eir
conc
ept.
The
cam
pus
is o
rgan
ized
on
a de
-pa
rtm
enta
l bas
is. L
arge
r, s
hort
-ter
m u
sefa
cilit
ies,
suc
h as
lect
ure
halls
, are
loca
ted
off
the
prim
ary
pede
stri
an r
oute
s,an
d sm
alle
r, lo
nger
-use
are
as,
such
as
labo
rato
ries
, sem
inar
room
s an
dof
fice
s ar
e lo
cate
d of
f th
ese
cond
ary
pede
stri
an
path
s.A
t Lou
ghbo
roug
h, a
non-
dire
ctio
nal g
rid
has
been
em
-pl
oyed
. Fif
ty-f
oot d
ivis
ions
with
15-
foot
cor
rido
rs b
etw
een
wer
e se
t out
inbo
th d
irec
tions
. The
50-
foot
grid
was
dev
el-
oped
thro
ugh
the
desi
gn o
f an
econ
omic
uni
nter
rupt
ed s
truc
-tu
ral s
pan
and
the
dete
rmin
atio
nof
a s
peci
fic
room
dim
en-
sion
. The
15-
foot
gri
d w
asde
velo
ped
for
serv
ices
. Ped
estr
i-an
mov
emen
tis
pla
nned
to c
ircu
late
thro
ugh
the
build
ings
them
selv
es.
Ber
lin F
ree
Uni
vers
ity, B
erlin
, Wes
t Ger
man
y
1I
II
I
Ai
040
0
Feet
21
Loug
hbor
ough
Uni
vers
ity, L
eice
ster
, Eng
land
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.iiili
lli.-
1.--
MO
VE
ME
NT
PA
TT
ER
NS
The
des
ign
of a
cam
pus
mas
ter
plan
invo
lves
the
effi
cien
tac
com
mod
atio
n of
a n
umbe
r of
dif
fere
nt ty
pes
of m
ovem
ent
syst
ems.
Thi
s se
ctio
n of
the
repo
rt is
lim
ited
to s
ome
aspe
cts
of th
e pr
imar
y pe
dest
rian
mov
emen
t pat
tern
s w
ithin
the
com
plex
and
with
onl
y th
at p
art o
f th
e ca
mpu
s th
at is
pri
-m
arily
ass
ocia
ted
with
the
acad
emic
pro
gram
of
the
colle
ge.
How
ever
, the
exi
sten
ce o
f ot
her
mov
emen
t sys
tem
s ca
nnot
be ig
nore
d si
nce
deci
sion
s co
ncer
ning
one
type
of
mov
emen
tw
ill h
ave
a re
al e
ffec
t on
othe
r ty
pes.
The
cam
pus
is a
lso
linke
d to
the
wid
er c
omm
unity
thro
ugh
its c
onne
ctio
ns w
ithth
e in
tern
al m
ovem
ent s
yste
ms.
Veh
icul
arT
he d
esir
e fo
r lim
itatio
n of
veh
icul
ar m
ovem
ent w
ithin
the
cam
pus
has
alre
ady
been
not
ed. T
here
fore
,in
the
follo
win
gse
ctio
ns, i
t is
assu
med
that
pri
vate
veh
icle
s ar
e ex
clud
edfr
om th
e ca
mpu
s. H
owev
er, i
t sho
uld
be n
oted
that
if th
eca
mpu
s sp
raw
ls e
xten
sive
ly, s
ome
type
of
vehi
cula
r tr
ans-
port
may
be
requ
ired
to q
uick
ly c
onve
y pe
ople
fro
m p
oint
topo
int.
In a
dditi
on, v
ehic
ular
acc
ess
to s
ome
part
s of
the
cam
pus
may
be
nece
ssar
y to
ser
ve th
e sp
ecia
l nee
dsof
off
i-ci
al v
isito
rs a
nd th
e ha
ndic
appe
d.V
ehic
ular
mov
emen
t pat
tern
s in
volv
e st
orin
g ve
hicl
es th
atar
rive
at t
he c
ampu
s. I
f th
e co
llege
has
a la
rge
prop
ortio
n of
stud
ents
com
mut
ing
by c
ar, p
arki
ng o
ccup
ies
maj
or la
ndar
ea. (
A p
arke
d ca
r ta
kes
up a
bout
the
sam
e ar
ea a
s a
pri-
vate
stu
dy b
edro
om.)
The
loca
tion
of te
rmin
al p
arki
ng f
a-ci
litie
s w
ill o
bvio
usly
infl
uenc
e pe
dest
rian
mov
emen
t.Se
rvic
e ve
hicl
es w
ill h
ave
to p
enet
rate
the
com
plex
to d
eliv
ereq
uipm
ent a
nd s
uppl
ies
and
to r
emov
e re
fuse
. The
re a
re a
vari
ety
of d
esig
n so
lutio
ns th
at w
ill p
erm
it th
e ne
cess
ary
serv
icin
g an
d st
ill m
aint
ain
a de
sira
ble
pede
stri
an e
nvir
on-
men
t. Po
ssib
le s
olut
ions
to th
e pr
oble
m r
ange
fro
m o
cca-
sion
al u
se b
y se
rvic
e ve
hicl
es o
f pe
dest
rian
mal
ls a
s ro
ads,
toun
derg
roun
d se
rvic
e tu
nnel
s, o
r th
e ra
isin
g of
the
pede
stri
anle
vel t
o al
low
fre
e ac
cess
for
veh
icle
s un
dern
eath
.
Info
rmat
ion
The
pro
blem
of
com
mun
icat
ion,
bot
h in
ter-
depa
rtm
enta
lan
d be
twee
n al
l ele
men
ts o
f th
e co
mpl
ex a
nd th
e co
mm
unity
mus
t be
cons
ider
ed a
nd d
efin
ed a
t an
earl
y st
age
in th
e pl
an-
ning
pro
cess
. The
type
of
acad
emic
pro
gram
and
the
teac
h-in
g m
etho
ds u
sed
may
req
uire
bot
h op
en a
nd c
lose
d-ci
rcui
tte
levi
sion
net
wor
ks. L
ink-
up w
ith a
cen
tral
com
pute
r sy
s-te
m m
ay b
e de
sira
ble
bot:i
for
adm
inis
trat
ive
and
teac
hing
purp
oses
.
Ser
vice
sIf
ther
e is
a c
entr
al h
eatin
g pl
ant t
here
will
be
a du
ct s
yste
mto
pro
vide
hea
t dis
trib
utio
n. H
eatin
g du
cts
may
be
loca
ted
unde
r pe
dest
rian
pat
hs to
min
imiz
e sn
ow r
emov
al p
robl
ems.
All
build
ings
on
cam
pus
will
req
uire
con
nect
ions
to th
eel
ectr
ical
, wat
er a
nd s
ewer
sys
tem
s. S
cien
ce la
bora
tori
esm
ay r
equi
re s
peci
al s
uppl
y sy
stem
s fo
r ch
emic
als
and
gase
san
d sp
ecia
l hea
vy d
uty
was
te d
ispo
sal s
yste
ms.
Som
e se
rvic
e sy
stem
s ar
e di
rect
ly r
elat
ed to
the
com
mun
ica-
tions
net
wor
k. A
ll bu
ildin
gs w
ill r
equi
re te
leph
one
inst
alla
-tio
ns. O
ther
type
s of
com
mun
icat
ion
serv
ices
may
incl
ude
regu
lar
and
clos
ed c
ircu
it te
levi
sion
cab
les,
cab
le li
nks
to a
cent
ral c
ompu
ter,
and
tele
x.A
ll se
rvic
e in
stal
latio
ns m
ust b
e co
nsid
ered
in r
elat
ion
to th
egr
owth
pat
tern
s. T
his
is s
o th
at c
onne
ctio
ns to
new
bui
ldin
gsca
n be
mad
e na
tura
lly a
nd e
cono
mic
ally
, and
so
that
ser
vice
rout
es a
re n
ot r
estr
icte
d in
thei
r fu
ture
gro
wth
. The
des
ign
ofth
e se
rvic
e sy
stem
mus
t als
o pe
rmit
easy
acc
ess
for
mai
nte-
nanc
e.
23
PE
DE
ST
RIA
N M
OV
EM
EN
T
The
ped
estr
ian
mov
emen
t sys
tem
in a
col
lege
or
univ
ersi
tyha
s th
e fo
llow
ing
prim
ary
func
tions
: to
esta
blis
h ac
cess
toan
d lin
kage
bet
wee
n el
emen
ts, t
o pr
ovid
e in
form
al m
eetin
gsi
tuat
ions
, and
to e
nsur
e th
at r
amps
and
ele
vato
rs f
or th
e us
eof
the
elde
rly
and
the
hand
icap
ped
are
prov
ided
.Pe
dest
rian
cir
cula
tion
alon
g va
riou
s m
ovem
ent c
hann
els
is
asso
ciat
ed w
ith th
e ch
ange
over
bet
wee
n cl
asse
s. W
ithtim
e-ta
bled
cla
sses
, it i
s a
stra
ight
forw
ard
mat
ter
to c
ompu
te th
evo
lum
es o
f pe
dest
rian
mov
emen
t. M
axim
um f
igur
es a
ssum
e10
0 pe
rcen
t atte
ndan
ce. I
f th
e ac
adem
ic s
truc
ture
cal
lsfo
rm
uch
priv
ate
stud
y, th
e si
tuat
ion
beco
mes
com
plex
and
the
estim
atio
n of
mov
emen
t vol
umes
is a
mat
ter
of in
form
edan
d in
telli
gent
gue
ssw
ork,
at l
east
unt
il so
me
spec
ialis
t de-
vise
s a
form
ula.
The
cha
ract
er o
f m
ovem
ent i
s di
rect
ly r
elat
ed to
the
vol-
umes
invo
lved
. Nat
ural
ly, t
he s
urge
of a
thou
sand
stu
dent
sle
avin
g a
lect
ure
hall
will
be
an e
ntir
ely
diff
eren
t situ
atio
nth
an, s
ay, t
he c
hang
eove
r of
fiv
e re
sear
ch f
ello
ws
in a
labo
-ra
tory
.M
ovem
ent s
pace
s m
ust h
ave
the
capa
city
to c
ope
with
pea
klo
ads
with
out c
onge
stio
n. T
his
invo
lves
the
spac
es w
ithin
the
sub-
syst
emve
stib
ules
, cor
rido
rs, e
leva
tors
and
sta
irca
ses.
Mov
emen
t vol
umes
mus
t be
com
patib
le w
ith th
e su
rrou
nd-
ings
. A th
ousa
nd s
tude
nts
cann
ot e
rupt
into
a z
one
whe
requ
iet i
s a
prim
ary
envi
ronm
enta
l cri
teri
on, b
ut f
ive
rese
arch
fello
ws
wou
ld n
ot c
reat
e a
maj
or d
istu
rban
ce in
suc
h a
zone
.M
ovem
ent v
olum
es c
an b
e m
anip
ulat
ed to
a c
erta
in d
egre
e.A
gro
up o
f a
thou
sand
stu
dent
s m
ay e
xit i
nto
alo
bby
de-
sign
ed f
or th
at c
apac
ity o
r th
ere
mig
ht b
e fo
ur d
iffe
rent
exit
poin
ts w
hich
wou
ld b
reak
the
flow
into
fou
r 25
0 vo
lum
es.
The
aca
dem
ic o
r so
cial
eve
nt a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith th
e m
ovem
ent
patte
rn is
an
inte
gral
par
t of
the
phys
ical
desi
gn c
onsi
dera
-tio
ns. T
he m
ovem
ent p
atte
rn o
f a
thou
sand
stu
dent
sle
avin
ga
bask
etba
ll ga
me
isto
tally
dif
fere
nt th
an th
e pa
ttern
form
ed b
y th
e sa
me
num
ber
leav
ing
a ch
urch
ser
vice
. In
the
latte
r ca
se, i
t mig
ht b
e de
sira
ble
to q
uick
ly d
ispe
rse
the
flow
in o
rder
to m
aint
ain
a m
edita
tive
atm
osph
ere.
In
the
form
erca
se, i
t cou
ld p
rove
dist
urbi
ng to
exi
t fro
m a
n ex
citin
g at
h-le
tic a
tmos
pher
e in
to a
pac
ific
env
iron
men
t.T
he c
reat
ion
of a
tmos
pher
e is
an
arch
itect
ural
prob
lem
in-
volv
ing
the
man
ipul
atio
n of
spa
ces,
vol
umes
, sca
le, a
cous
-tic
s, li
ght a
nd te
xtur
e. W
ithin
any
cam
pus
com
plex
ther
e
24
shou
ld d
evel
op a
wid
e va
riet
y co
rres
pond
ing
to th
e m
any
diff
eren
t act
iviti
es o
f th
e ca
mpu
s.Pe
dest
rian
mov
emen
t pat
tern
s an
d gr
owth
pat
tern
s ar
e in
-te
rdep
ende
nt. T
he n
orm
al c
lass
tim
e pa
ttern
allo
ws
a te
n-m
inut
e in
terv
al f
or s
tude
nts
to c
hang
e cl
assr
oom
s. T
he s
tu-
dent
has
to c
olle
ct h
is b
elon
ging
s, p
ut o
n a
coat
, lea
ve th
ecl
assr
oom
, mov
e to
ano
ther
roo
m a
nd s
it do
wn
with
inth
istim
e sp
an. N
orm
al w
alki
ng s
peed
is 2
50 f
eet p
er m
inut
e. I
ffi
ve m
inut
es a
re a
llow
ed f
or a
ctua
l wal
king
, the
n no
stu
dent
can
be e
xpec
ted
to tr
avel
mor
eth
an 1
,750
fee
t bet
wee
ncl
asse
s. T
his
does
not
mea
n th
at 1
,750
fee
t is
the
limit
ofan
y ca
mpu
s de
velo
pmen
t, bu
tth
at m
ovem
ent p
atte
rns
have
to b
e ca
refu
lly s
tudi
ed to
ens
ure
that
ast
uden
t is
not b
eing
aske
d to
mak
e an
impo
ssib
le. j
ourn
ey b
etw
een
clas
ses.
Inor
dina
ry s
ituat
ions
it h
as b
een
foun
d th
at, i
n ge
nera
l, pe
ople
are
will
ing
to w
alk
for
ten
min
utes
. If
the
trip
is lo
nger
than
this
, the
y w
ill s
eek
som
e ty
pe o
f ve
hicu
lar
tran
spor
t.
Axi
alIn
the
trad
ition
al ty
pe o
f ax
ial c
ampu
s pl
an, p
edes
tria
nlin
-ka
ge b
etw
een
elem
ents
bec
omes
the
unif
ying
des
ign
feat
ure.
Axi
al a
nd li
near
type
s of
mov
emen
t pat
tern
s le
ad to
hea
vyco
ncen
trat
ions
of
pede
stri
an tr
affi
c on
mai
n w
alkw
ays.
Thi
sre
sults
in a
tend
ency
for
mal
ls to
dev
elop
an
expr
essw
aych
arac
ter
you
can
wav
e to
som
eone
but
the
pres
s of
peo
-pl
e di
scou
rage
s st
oppi
ng to
talk
. The
refo
re, f
requ
ent a
reas
are
requ
ired
whe
re p
eopl
e ca
n st
epas
ide
to c
onve
rse.
At S
an M
ateo
Col
lege
the
plan
ners
hav
e pr
ovid
edla
rge
ter-
race
s sp
aced
fre
quen
tly a
long
the
mai
n ac
cess
to e
ncou
rage
info
rmal
mee
ting
situ
atio
ns. T
he te
rrac
es a
re lo
cate
d at
the
poin
ts o
f gr
eate
st a
ctiv
ity, t
he c
limat
e be
ing
cond
uciv
e to
linge
ring
out
side
. Bec
ause
the
site
slo
pes,
the
path
s ha
vebe
en r
ampe
d to
acc
omm
odat
e th
e ch
ange
s in
leve
l.Ter
race
sar
e co
-ord
inat
ed w
ith r
amp
loca
tions
to e
xplo
it th
e m
agni
fi-
cent
vie
ws
that
can
be
seen
fro
m th
e ca
mpu
s.C
olon
nade
d w
alkw
ays
emph
asiz
e th
e lin
king
cha
ract
eris
ticof
the
mal
ls a
nd f
orm
al la
ndsc
ape
plan
ting
emph
asiz
esth
edi
rect
iona
l cha
ract
er o
f th
e m
alls
. The
per
iphe
ral r
oad
al-
low
s ve
hicu
lar
acce
ss to
all
build
ings
, thu
s le
avin
gth
e in
teri
-or
of
the
cam
pus
entir
ely
for
pede
stri
an m
ovem
ent.
The
use
of
elev
ated
ped
estr
ian
way
s at
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f Il
li-no
is C
hica
go C
ircl
e C
ampu
s ac
cent
uate
s th
e lin
kage
fun
c-tio
n of
the
axes
. Inf
orm
al m
eetin
g si
tuat
ions
are
con
fine
d to
the
cent
ral s
quar
e si
nce
ther
e ar
e no
oth
er p
lace
s to
with
-dr
aw f
rom
the
mov
emen
t flo
w. I
n th
e ce
ntra
l spa
ce a
sm
all
amph
ithea
tre
has
been
cre
ated
whi
ch p
rovi
des
an id
eal p
lace
for
stud
ents
to ta
lk o
r ho
ld la
rge
mee
tings
.Si
nce
pede
stri
an m
ovem
ent h
as b
een
elev
ated
, the
gro
und
leve
l bec
omes
ava
ilabl
e fo
r ve
hicl
es. I
t is
also
pos
sibl
e fo
rpe
dest
rian
s to
"sh
ort c
ircu
it" th
e fo
rmal
ele
vate
d ro
utes
sinc
e se
cond
ary
info
rmal
ped
estr
ian
mov
emen
t is
poss
ible
at
grou
nd le
vel.
Sinc
e th
is is
ent
irel
y a
com
mut
er c
ampu
s, la
rge
car
park
ing
area
s ar
e pr
ovid
ed o
n th
e pe
riph
ery.
At p
rese
nt, t
hese
are
com
plet
ely
divo
rced
fro
m th
e ca
mpu
s m
ovem
ent s
yste
ms.
The
re is
a n
earb
y ra
pid
tran
sit s
top
and
the
high
-lev
el p
edes
-tr
ian
rout
es g
ive
dire
ct a
cces
s to
the
stat
ion.
Line
arA
t bot
h Si
mon
Fra
ser
Uni
vers
ity in
Bri
tish
Col
umbi
a an
dB
ath
Uni
vers
ity in
Eng
land
, the
ped
estr
ian
spin
e is
the
basi
sof
the
cam
pus
orga
niza
tion.
Bot
h ca
mpu
ses
wer
e co
ncei
ved
as s
ingl
e un
its. T
he c
once
ntra
tion
of m
ovem
ent a
long
the
axis
has
bee
n us
ed to
cre
ate
a liv
ely
cam
pus
core
, and
a v
ar-
iety
of
mee
ting
situ
atio
ns h
ave
been
car
eful
ly d
esig
ned
alon
gth
e sp
ine.
At S
imon
Fra
ser,
the
low
er le
vels
of
the
cent
ral p
art o
f th
em
all p
rovi
de te
rmin
al p
arki
ng s
truc
ture
s fo
r th
e co
mm
uter
s.A
cces
s to
the
elev
ated
par
t of
the
mal
l is
thro
ugh
a se
ries
of
cour
tyar
ds o
ff w
hich
are
loca
ted
stud
ent m
eetin
g ro
oms.
The
mos
t dra
mat
ic c
omm
unal
are
a is
the
acad
emic
qua
d-ra
ngle
whi
ch te
rmin
ates
the
mal
l in
the
form
of
a hu
gesp
ace-
fram
e ar
ea. T
his
indo
or /o
utdo
or a
rea
is a
n ex
pres
-si
on o
f th
e ar
chite
ct's
con
cept
of
the
univ
ersi
ty a
s a
com
-m
unity
whi
ch le
arns
fro
m b
oth
form
al a
nd in
form
al in
tera
c-tio
n. I
n ad
ditio
n to
pro
vidi
ng a
cces
s to
the
facu
lty o
ffic
esan
d th
e te
achi
ng s
pace
s, th
e qu
adra
ngle
is a
ple
asan
t pla
ceto
loite
r, p
rovi
ding
a v
arie
ty o
f su
b-ar
eas
idea
llysu
ited
toco
nver
satio
n an
d in
form
al m
eetin
g. A
lthou
gh th
e en
tire
mal
l is
a co
mm
unal
are
a, th
e pl
anne
rs h
ave
sepa
rate
d th
esp
ace
into
var
ious
fun
ctio
nsw
ith th
e te
achi
ng q
uadr
angl
e
loca
ted
at o
ne e
nd, a
nd th
e re
side
ntia
l fac
ilitie
s lo
cate
d at
the
othe
r. T
he li
brar
y an
d gy
mna
sium
are
loca
ted
in th
ece
ntre
.A
t the
Uni
vers
ity o
f B
ath,
whe
re th
e ce
ntra
l spi
ne is
term
ed"t
he p
arad
e", t
he a
rchi
tect
s ha
ve s
ough
t to
achi
eve
a m
axi-
mum
of
inte
grat
ion
betw
een
all t
ypes
of
activ
ities
. The
pa-
rade
is th
e fo
cus
of th
e ac
adem
ic a
nd c
omm
unity
life
of
the
cam
pus.
Car
s an
d pe
ople
are
sep
arat
ed b
yel
evat
ing
the
pede
stri
an s
pace
. Gro
up c
entr
es, s
ocia
l fac
ilitie
s an
d re
s-ta
uran
ts a
re lo
cate
d al
ong
the
entir
e le
ngth
of
the
para
de.
Stud
ent a
nd f
acul
ty h
ousi
ng b
lock
s sp
an a
cros
s th
e sp
ine
atfo
ur p
oint
s to
giv
e th
e sp
ace
a se
nse
of id
entit
y an
d to
cen
-tr
aliz
e a
port
ion
of th
e re
side
ntia
l acc
omm
odat
ion.
Tho
sesp
aces
that
are
com
mun
al to
the
univ
ersi
ty, f
orex
ampl
e:ad
min
istr
ativ
e of
fice
s, li
brar
ies
and
larg
e le
ctur
e ro
oms,
are
also
dis
trib
uted
alo
ng th
e pa
rade
. The
cam
pus
is s
ubdi
vide
din
to s
choo
ls o
f st
udy,
and
eac
h sc
hool
has
a s
ocia
l nuc
lei o
nth
e pa
rade
link
ing
it w
ith th
e la
rger
uni
vers
ity c
omm
unity
.
25
The
Uni
vers
ity o
f Bat
h, E
ngla
nd
Sta
ff C
omm
on-r
oom
Adm
inis
trat
ive
Offi
ces
Mai
n C
ircul
atio
n R
oute
s
26
Spe
cial
ized
Tea
chin
g S
pace
Gen
eral
Tea
chin
g S
pace
Sem
inar
Com
mitt
ee R
oom
Gen
eral
Tea
chin
g S
pace
Gen
eral
Com
mun
al A
rea
Rad
ial
The
rad
ial t
ype
of m
ovem
ent p
atte
rnfo
cuse
s on
a c
entr
alar
ea. A
t Sca
rbor
ough
Col
lege
, thi
s ta
kes
the
form
of
a sk
y-lig
hted
"m
eetin
g pl
ace"
thro
ugh
whi
ch e
very
one
mus
t pas
sto
mov
e fr
om o
nera
dial
arm
to a
noth
er. T
he m
eand
erin
gfo
rm o
f th
e ra
dial
arm
s w
asde
term
ined
by
the
site
con
tour
s.A
cces
s to
the
encl
osed
ped
estr
ian
"str
eet"
is a
lway
s at
gra
dele
vel,
with
the
mee
ting
plac
e re
solv
ing
the
one
stor
ey c
hang
ein
leve
l, be
twee
n th
e sc
ienc
ean
d hu
man
ities
win
gs. T
hem
eetin
g-pl
ace
stai
rs a
nd la
ndin
g ha
vebe
en d
esig
ned
topr
ovid
e an
info
rmal
sta
ge a
rea
for
larg
e ga
ther
ings
. On
Sund
ay a
fter
noon
s th
is s
pace
bec
omes
aco
mm
unity
con
cert
hall.
Sm
all c
onve
rsat
ion
area
sw
ith c
omfo
rtab
le lo
unge
furn
iture
are
loca
ted
arou
nd th
epe
riph
ery
of th
e lo
wer
leve
lof
the
spac
e. S
imila
r sm
all,
info
rmal
are
as a
re p
rovi
ded
alon
g th
e hu
man
ities
"st
reet
"op
posi
te th
e le
ctur
e-th
eatr
een
tran
ces.
The
se a
reas
hav
e a
num
ber
of g
lass
doo
rs w
hich
can
be o
pene
d to
exte
nd th
e lo
unge
spa
ce to
the
outs
ide
in
plea
sant
wea
ther
.A
t pre
sent
, par
king
is a
tgr
ound
leve
l to
the
nort
h of
the
build
ing.
A s
ervi
ce tu
nnel
run
sun
derg
roun
d fr
om th
e pa
rk-
ing
lot i
nto
the
base
men
t of
the
build
ing.
The
ele
men
ts o
f th
e ra
dial
pla
n of
the
Irvi
ne c
ampu
s ar
eco
nven
tiona
l qua
dran
gles
. The
ped
estr
ian
circ
ulat
ion
syst
emw
ithin
eac
h el
emen
t is
axia
l in
char
acte
r an
d si
mila
r to
the
San
Mat
eo c
ampu
s.V
ehic
ular
seg
rega
tion
is s
imila
rly
achi
eved
by
plan
ning
the
road
out
side
the
grea
test
ped
estr
i-an
mov
emen
t.In
form
al m
eetin
g ar
eas
are
desi
gned
with
in
each
qua
dran
gle
and
inte
r-ac
tion
betw
een
quad
rang
les
isin
tend
ed to
take
pla
ce in
the
larg
ece
ntra
l par
k. T
he C
alif
or-
nia
clim
ate
perm
its th
e ex
tens
ive
use
of o
utdo
or a
reas
.
Pre
cinc
tual
The
pre
cinc
tual
app
roac
h to
plan
ning
cal
ls f
or a
dis
pers
al o
fac
tiviti
es a
nd th
e av
oida
nce
of a
ny s
tron
gce
ntra
l fea
ture
.T
he p
edes
tria
n m
ovem
ent s
yste
man
d th
e tr
eatm
ent o
fsp
aces
bet
wee
nbu
ildin
gs r
elat
e th
e el
emen
ts to
one
anot
her.
At t
he U
nive
rsity
of
Yor
k in
Eng
land
the
noda
l are
as a
relin
ked
by p
edes
tria
n w
alkw
ays
soth
at th
e lin
kage
s ar
e bo
thvi
sual
and
fun
ctio
nal.
Vis
ual l
inka
geis
cre
ated
by
cove
ring
the
wal
kway
s. S
ince
ser
vice
duc
ts a
real
igne
d un
der
the
pe-
dest
rian
pat
hs, t
he li
nkag
e is
als
ofu
nctio
nal.
Mos
t stu
dent
activ
ity ta
kes
plac
e w
ithin
the
trip
let
elem
ent w
here
ther
ear
e co
mm
on r
oom
san
d di
ning
fac
ilitie
s. S
ocia
lin
tera
ctio
nw
ith th
e la
rger
uni
vers
ity c
omm
unity
is e
ncou
rage
d by
the
need
for
stu
dent
s to
vis
it ot
her
noda
l are
as to
util
ize
maj
orun
iver
sity
fac
ilitie
s.T
he n
orth
ern
Eng
lish
clim
ate
requ
ires
that
the
maj
or s
ocia
lar
eas
becl
imat
e-co
ntro
lled.
The
cam
pus
has
been
hand
-so
mel
y la
ndsc
aped
aro
und
anar
tific
ial l
ake
to p
rovi
de a
t-tr
activ
e vi
ews
from
a s
helte
red
area
,an
d th
e pa
rk a
nd g
ar-
dens
allo
wst
uden
tsto
with
draw
from
aca
dem
ic li
fein
fin
e w
eath
er. I
nfor
mal
lyla
ndsc
aped
fea
ture
s im
pose
in-
form
al r
athe
r th
an s
truc
ture
d m
ovem
entp
atte
rns.
Cel
lula
r/G
ridIn
the
cellu
lar/
gri
d m
etho
dof
cam
pus
plan
ning
only
the
basi
c st
ruct
urin
g pr
inci
ples
are
esta
blis
hed.
Sin
ce c
hang
-in
g co
ncep
ts o
f pl
anni
ng a
ndfl
exib
ility
for
m th
e ba
sis
ofth
e pl
anni
ng p
hilo
soph
y, n
o st
rong
cen
tres
of a
ctiv
ity a
recr
eate
d.A
t the
Ber
lin F
ree
Uni
vers
ity th
e pl
anne
rs s
ough
t to
enco
ur-
age
inte
r-de
part
men
tal m
ingl
ing
and
spon
tane
ous
soci
al
cent
res
thro
ugho
utth
e ca
mpu
s. T
he o
rgan
izat
ion
of c
over
ed
pede
stri
an r
oute
s fo
rms
the
basi
c gr
id a
nd c
hann
els
the
pe-
dest
rian
mov
emen
t. H
owev
er,
ther
e is
als
o a
syst
em o
f op
engr
een
spac
esde
velo
ped
thro
ugho
ut th
e ca
mpu
sfa
irly
inde
-pe
nden
t of
the
basi
c gr
id,
whi
ch p
rovi
de r
elie
f fr
om th
e se
-ve
rity
of
the
grid
mov
emen
t sys
tem
.T
he g
reen
spa
ces
also
prov
ide
com
mon
mee
ting
grou
nd b
etw
een
depa
rtm
ents
.The
com
plex
is s
ervi
ced
by a
nun
derg
roun
d ve
hicu
lar
syst
em.
The
mov
emen
t pat
tern
s at
Lou
ghbo
roug
h ar
e pe
rhap
s m
ore
stru
ctur
ed. P
edes
tria
n m
ovem
ent
is d
irec
ted
thro
ugh
the
build
ings
and
out
door
spa
ces
in a
n in
tegr
atin
g pa
ttern
whi
chte
nds
to s
tren
gthe
n th
ere
latio
nshi
ps b
etw
een
elem
ents
. In-
form
al m
eetin
g ar
eas
can
becr
eate
d by
dev
elop
ing
som
e of
the
50-f
oot s
quar
e si
tes
asco
urty
ards
. Soc
ial f
acili
ties,
stu
-de
nt u
nion
, res
taur
ants
,m
eetin
g ro
oms,
etc
., w
ill b
e di
s-pe
rsed
thro
ugho
ut th
e co
mpl
ex.
Pede
stri
an v
ehic
ular
seg
re-
gatio
n is
ach
ieve
d by
vert
ical
sep
arat
ion
of tr
affi
c sy
stem
s.
27
FO
OT
NO
TE
S
1. A
. E. S
lom
an, A
Uni
vers
ity in
the
Mak
ing,
Bri
tish
Bro
adca
stin
g C
orpo
ratio
n, 1
964,
p. 5
12.
Hig
her
Edu
catio
n, T
he R
epor
t of
the
Com
mitt
ee U
nder
the
Cha
irm
ansh
ip o
f L
ord
Rob
bins
,H
.M.S
.O.,
1965
,C
hapt
er 2
, Par
a. 2
83.
Bul
lock
, Dic
kens
, Ste
adm
an; o
p. c
it., p
. 15
AC
KN
OW
LED
GM
EN
TS
San
Mat
eo J
unio
r C
olle
geSa
n M
ateo
, Cal
ifor
nia,
U.S
.A.
1961
Arc
hite
ct /J
ohn
Car
l War
neck
e &
Ass
ocia
tes
Lan
dsca
pe A
rchi
tect
/Mic
hael
Pai
nter
Lan
dsca
pe A
rchi
tect
sIR
oyst
ow, H
anom
oto,
May
es &
Bec
kU
nive
rsity
of I
llino
is, C
hica
go C
ircle
,Chi
cago
, Illi
nois
,U
.S.A
.A
rchi
tect
s /S
kidm
ore,
Ow
ings
, & M
erri
ll, C
hica
goW
alte
r N
etsc
h (p
artn
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