LAW OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE AMERICAS Subclasses KIA-KIP North America Introduction

Prospecting a new Class for the American Indigenous peoples The new classification schedule on Law of the Indigenous Peoples in the Americas (Classes KIA-KIP North America) currentlyin draft stage is a subclass of the Library of Congress Classification( LCC) Class K (Law) andwill conclude for the time being the regionalcomparative law classification schedule for theAmericas Classes KDZ-KIX

Emerging project The various stages of research for subject classification of the initial classesKIA-KIK and the ldquosiftingrdquo of the Web have revealed that the critical mass of resources inparticular primary sources produced by the individual Aboriginal or tribal governments and theoutput of their organizations or inter-operational institutions together with the secondaryliterature are mainly to be found on the Web ndash dispersed unorganized and for that matterobscure

To this date however both information seekers and information providers are hard pressed by anuneasy reality the obvious gap between availability and accessibility of information Search and research are still confronted with problems such as

lt paucity of (commercial) printingpublishing of current legal materials lt collections on law and sociology of Indigenous peoples one of a kind and mostly

little publicized are held only by a few bona fide and specialist institutions lt programs with limited access or lt information on the subject which may be buried in relevant anthropological

archeological or ethnological sources usually in older collections on the History of the Americas And to this point even

lt Class KF (Law of the United States) the only place in the LCC which has asection on American Indian law and law-related materials (KF8220+) does notreflect the sovereign status and autonomy of the Indian nations nor does it reflectcurrent Indian law making and law developments

For these reasons LC took the lead with a new classification schedule for the law of IndigenousPeoples in the Americas in order to provide for

lt first an arrangement of the many Indigenous entities residing in the Americas thatreflects their constitutionallegal status and self-governance

lt second a subject organization for laws and governmental functions and lt third a better structured and broader access to such information

I The structure of the regional class for Law of the Americas (KDZ-KIX)

The layout of the draft schedule is based on the geo-political structure of LC Class G(Geography) Regional arrangements in related or overlapping LC Classification fields inparticular Class F (America Local history) were evaluated for their structure as well Since Class E99+ (by old LC policy) includes all subjects relating to Aboriginals and Indians in the Americasthis class and the collections built by it have been scrutinized

(1) Outline The complete outline of KDZ-KIX shows all the subclasses for the law of countriesin the Americas and where the Indigenous law development files in the sequence of those subclasses

1

KDZ KDZ3001+ KE KF KG-KGH KGJ-KGZ KH-KHW

KIA-KIXKIA-KIP KIA1-158 KIA159-19

KIA21-9180 KIA21-100

KIA111-300 KIA351-1701

KIA1741-2049 KIA2101-9180

KIB-KID KIB1-1000

KIB1101-11292 KIB1131-9511

KIC2001-20432 KIC2081-KID6031

KIE-KIKKIE1-3920

KIF221-292 KIF301-3251

KIF3301-3375 KIF3378-3445 KIF3501-7460

LAW OF THE AMERICAS

America North America General (Comparative) Greenland Canada United States Mexico and Central America West Indies Caribbean Area

South America

LAW OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE AMERICAS

North America General (Comparative) History

Arctic and sub-Arctic Regions Regional Comparative Aboriginal Law

Greenland see KDZ3001+ Northern Canada

General (Comparative) Aboriginal peoples and communities Inuit

Alaska General (Comparative) Alaska Natives and communities Other

jurisdictionsCanada

Regional comparative Aboriginal law

Northern Canada see KIA111+ Eastern Canada

General (Comparative) Aboriginal peoples and communities

Including First Nations and MeacutetisWestern Canada

General (Comparative) Aboriginal peoples and communities

Including First Nations and Meacutetis United States

Regional comparative American Indian law

Northeast Atlantic Including New EnglandGeneral (Comparative) American Indians

South Including the Old Southwest General (Comparative) History Indian Territory American Indians

2

KIE-KIK United States ndash Continued

North Central

KIG1-112 KIG201-7440

Including the old Northwest Territory General (Comparative) American Indians

Pacific Northwest

KIH1-112 KIH401-7100

Also known as the Old Oregon Country General (Comparative) American Indians

New Southwest KIJ1-92 KIJ101-9530

General (Comparative) American Indians

KIL-KIPKIL1+

Mexico and Central America (currently explored) General (Comparative)Countries with Indigenous populations

(KIS-KIX) South America

States in the US or provinces in Canada - in both countries the 1st order subdivisions - are absent from the new development since the Indigenous peoples are or will be on a one-to-one level withthe respective federal governments

(2) Geographical principle In concept the new class (the final component of the current Class KDZ-KHW as the Outline shows) adheres to the principles of regionalism and jurisdictionalitywhich has pre-determined for all LC law classes under the letters K-KZ the hierarchy

lt first by regions here the regions and sub-regions of KIA-KIK in which Aboriginals and American Indians reside The regional comparative law the introductory chapter of each regional schedulecomprises such comparative components as for example inter-tribal organizationsand corporations active on the regional level as well as international componentsfor example inter-governmental organizations in the Arctic and sub-Arctic region

lt second by jurisdictions The term jurisdiction as we understand it here signalizesindependence and self-governance of a corporate organization which resides in aparticular geographic region as one of the three orders of government ie federalstateprovincial and Aboriginaltribal

(3) Sovereignty and jurisdictionality The legalconstitutional status of AboriginalTribal government is based in the

(a) United States on the Act of Congress of June 18 1934 better known as the Indian Reorganization (Wheeler-Howard) Act of 1934 lt In the 1930s by authority of the US Government about a third of the tribes or tribal

groups on US territory organized themselves as federal corporations by authority ofthe Act under adopted constitutions and by-laws or charters

lt Today ca 564 tribal corporate entities have been formally recognized and areldquoacknowledged to have immunities and privileges by virtue of their government-toshygovernment relationship with the federal government of the United States as well as

3

responsibilities powers certain limitations and obligationsrdquo lt Federally recognized (ie sovereign) tribes determine the requirements for tribal

membership and citizenship which is acquired by formal enrollment the criteria are usually set forth in their constitutions by-laws articles of incorporation or codesEnrollment records the ldquorollsrdquoare maintained by the tribes although the USDepartment of the InteriorBureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) retains control over thebase rolls For most tribes admission as a member is based on the proof of lineage ornative ldquoblood quantumrdquo at the end of the lineal kinship line

lt The list of ldquoacknowledged or recognizedrdquo tribes under most current corporate namesis published routinely in the Federal Register by the BIA

Name authority work plays a very important role for establishing all tribal jurisdictionsorganizations in the LC authority files lt As a first step at the begin of this project the LC Policy and Standards Division has

determined that the appropriate MARC 21 field in name authority records willhenceforth be the 151 (Geographic name) field for tribes recognized by the USGovernment as autonomoussovereign entities instead of the previously used 110(Corporate name) field This was in keeping with the guidance provided in rule 2135of the Anglo American Cataloguing Rules 2nd edition (AACR2) to treat suchcorporate entities as sovereign tribal governments

lt For establishing new or updating existing name authority records of AmericanIndian jurisdictions the BIA is to date the principal authority on Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible to Receive Services from the US Bureau of Indian Affairs

lt The list of tribes maintained by the Bureau has been used and is regularly checkedfor updates LC authority files ie name authorities and subject authorities havebeen compared for currency against the Bureaursquos file as well as against other bonafide resources such as those of the

lt US Department of Justice lt United States Governmentrsquos Official Web Portal (httpUSAgov Government

AgenciesTribal Governments) and lt Tribal government and Tribal organization Web sites

(b) Canada The development of the jurisdictional ie constitutional and legal status of Aboriginal corporate entities in Canada took historically a very different path and is stillevolving

lt Prior to the Confederation the Canadian government signed treaties with theAboriginal peoples mostly trading aboriginal landownership for treaty rights andreserve lands To cement it into law the Canadian federal government passed theIndian Act in 1876

lt By virtue of this Act still in 1951 the government decided whom to recognize asIndian those registered with the federal government and entered into the nationalIndian register would be recognized often termed as ldquoStatus Indiansrdquo in contrast tothe ldquonon-Status Indiansrdquo Registration under the Act also provided entrance into thecommunity and in the course of time resulted in eligibility for certain benefitsprovided by the government

lt After adoption of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982 and in particular the Constitution Act of 1982 which acknowledged Aboriginal and Treaty rights (Section 35 of the Constitution Act) of the three recognized cultural groups Indians Inuit (in the Canadian North) and Meacutetis made amendments to the Indian Act necessary since the original registration rules favored the male component of theAboriginal population

lt In particular the 1985 Amendment (the so called Bill C-31) was to correct thissituation and had a tremendous impact on registration and band membership

4

KDZ KDZ3001+ KE KF KG-KGH KGJ-KGZ KH-KHW

KIA-KIXKIA-KIP KIA1-158 KIA159-19

KIA21-9180 KIA21-100

KIA111-300 KIA351-1701

KIA1741-2049 KIA2101-9180

KIB-KID KIB1-1000

KIB1101-11292 KIB1131-9511

KIC2001-20432 KIC2081-KID6031

KIE-KIKKIE1-3920

KIF221-292 KIF301-3251

KIF3301-3375 KIF3378-3445 KIF3501-7460

LAW OF THE AMERICAS

America North America General (Comparative) Greenland Canada United States Mexico and Central America West Indies Caribbean Area

South America

LAW OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE AMERICAS

North America General (Comparative) History

Arctic and sub-Arctic Regions Regional Comparative Aboriginal Law

Greenland see KDZ3001+ Northern Canada

General (Comparative) Aboriginal peoples and communities Inuit

Alaska General (Comparative) Alaska Natives and communities Other

jurisdictionsCanada

Regional comparative Aboriginal law

Northern Canada see KIA111+ Eastern Canada

General (Comparative) Aboriginal peoples and communities

Including First Nations and MeacutetisWestern Canada

General (Comparative) Aboriginal peoples and communities

Including First Nations and Meacutetis United States

Regional comparative American Indian law

Northeast Atlantic Including New EnglandGeneral (Comparative) American Indians

South Including the Old Southwest General (Comparative) History Indian Territory American Indians

2

KIE-KIK United States ndash Continued

North Central

KIG1-112 KIG201-7440

Including the old Northwest Territory General (Comparative) American Indians

Pacific Northwest

KIH1-112 KIH401-7100

Also known as the Old Oregon Country General (Comparative) American Indians

New Southwest KIJ1-92 KIJ101-9530

General (Comparative) American Indians

KIL-KIPKIL1+

Mexico and Central America (currently explored) General (Comparative)Countries with Indigenous populations

(KIS-KIX) South America

States in the US or provinces in Canada - in both countries the 1st order subdivisions - are absent from the new development since the Indigenous peoples are or will be on a one-to-one level withthe respective federal governments

(2) Geographical principle In concept the new class (the final component of the current Class KDZ-KHW as the Outline shows) adheres to the principles of regionalism and jurisdictionalitywhich has pre-determined for all LC law classes under the letters K-KZ the hierarchy

lt first by regions here the regions and sub-regions of KIA-KIK in which Aboriginals and American Indians reside The regional comparative law the introductory chapter of each regional schedulecomprises such comparative components as for example inter-tribal organizationsand corporations active on the regional level as well as international componentsfor example inter-governmental organizations in the Arctic and sub-Arctic region

lt second by jurisdictions The term jurisdiction as we understand it here signalizesindependence and self-governance of a corporate organization which resides in aparticular geographic region as one of the three orders of government ie federalstateprovincial and Aboriginaltribal

(3) Sovereignty and jurisdictionality The legalconstitutional status of AboriginalTribal government is based in the

(a) United States on the Act of Congress of June 18 1934 better known as the Indian Reorganization (Wheeler-Howard) Act of 1934 lt In the 1930s by authority of the US Government about a third of the tribes or tribal

groups on US territory organized themselves as federal corporations by authority ofthe Act under adopted constitutions and by-laws or charters

lt Today ca 564 tribal corporate entities have been formally recognized and areldquoacknowledged to have immunities and privileges by virtue of their government-toshygovernment relationship with the federal government of the United States as well as

3

responsibilities powers certain limitations and obligationsrdquo lt Federally recognized (ie sovereign) tribes determine the requirements for tribal

membership and citizenship which is acquired by formal enrollment the criteria are usually set forth in their constitutions by-laws articles of incorporation or codesEnrollment records the ldquorollsrdquoare maintained by the tribes although the USDepartment of the InteriorBureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) retains control over thebase rolls For most tribes admission as a member is based on the proof of lineage ornative ldquoblood quantumrdquo at the end of the lineal kinship line

lt The list of ldquoacknowledged or recognizedrdquo tribes under most current corporate namesis published routinely in the Federal Register by the BIA

Name authority work plays a very important role for establishing all tribal jurisdictionsorganizations in the LC authority files lt As a first step at the begin of this project the LC Policy and Standards Division has

determined that the appropriate MARC 21 field in name authority records willhenceforth be the 151 (Geographic name) field for tribes recognized by the USGovernment as autonomoussovereign entities instead of the previously used 110(Corporate name) field This was in keeping with the guidance provided in rule 2135of the Anglo American Cataloguing Rules 2nd edition (AACR2) to treat suchcorporate entities as sovereign tribal governments

lt For establishing new or updating existing name authority records of AmericanIndian jurisdictions the BIA is to date the principal authority on Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible to Receive Services from the US Bureau of Indian Affairs

lt The list of tribes maintained by the Bureau has been used and is regularly checkedfor updates LC authority files ie name authorities and subject authorities havebeen compared for currency against the Bureaursquos file as well as against other bonafide resources such as those of the

lt US Department of Justice lt United States Governmentrsquos Official Web Portal (httpUSAgov Government

AgenciesTribal Governments) and lt Tribal government and Tribal organization Web sites

(b) Canada The development of the jurisdictional ie constitutional and legal status of Aboriginal corporate entities in Canada took historically a very different path and is stillevolving

lt Prior to the Confederation the Canadian government signed treaties with theAboriginal peoples mostly trading aboriginal landownership for treaty rights andreserve lands To cement it into law the Canadian federal government passed theIndian Act in 1876

lt By virtue of this Act still in 1951 the government decided whom to recognize asIndian those registered with the federal government and entered into the nationalIndian register would be recognized often termed as ldquoStatus Indiansrdquo in contrast tothe ldquonon-Status Indiansrdquo Registration under the Act also provided entrance into thecommunity and in the course of time resulted in eligibility for certain benefitsprovided by the government

lt After adoption of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982 and in particular the Constitution Act of 1982 which acknowledged Aboriginal and Treaty rights (Section 35 of the Constitution Act) of the three recognized cultural groups Indians Inuit (in the Canadian North) and Meacutetis made amendments to the Indian Act necessary since the original registration rules favored the male component of theAboriginal population

lt In particular the 1985 Amendment (the so called Bill C-31) was to correct thissituation and had a tremendous impact on registration and band membership

4

KIE-KIK United States ndash Continued

North Central

KIG1-112 KIG201-7440

Including the old Northwest Territory General (Comparative) American Indians

Pacific Northwest

KIH1-112 KIH401-7100

Also known as the Old Oregon Country General (Comparative) American Indians

New Southwest KIJ1-92 KIJ101-9530

General (Comparative) American Indians

KIL-KIPKIL1+

Mexico and Central America (currently explored) General (Comparative)Countries with Indigenous populations

(KIS-KIX) South America

States in the US or provinces in Canada - in both countries the 1st order subdivisions - are absent from the new development since the Indigenous peoples are or will be on a one-to-one level withthe respective federal governments

(2) Geographical principle In concept the new class (the final component of the current Class KDZ-KHW as the Outline shows) adheres to the principles of regionalism and jurisdictionalitywhich has pre-determined for all LC law classes under the letters K-KZ the hierarchy

lt first by regions here the regions and sub-regions of KIA-KIK in which Aboriginals and American Indians reside The regional comparative law the introductory chapter of each regional schedulecomprises such comparative components as for example inter-tribal organizationsand corporations active on the regional level as well as international componentsfor example inter-governmental organizations in the Arctic and sub-Arctic region

lt second by jurisdictions The term jurisdiction as we understand it here signalizesindependence and self-governance of a corporate organization which resides in aparticular geographic region as one of the three orders of government ie federalstateprovincial and Aboriginaltribal

(3) Sovereignty and jurisdictionality The legalconstitutional status of AboriginalTribal government is based in the

(a) United States on the Act of Congress of June 18 1934 better known as the Indian Reorganization (Wheeler-Howard) Act of 1934 lt In the 1930s by authority of the US Government about a third of the tribes or tribal

groups on US territory organized themselves as federal corporations by authority ofthe Act under adopted constitutions and by-laws or charters

lt Today ca 564 tribal corporate entities have been formally recognized and areldquoacknowledged to have immunities and privileges by virtue of their government-toshygovernment relationship with the federal government of the United States as well as

3

responsibilities powers certain limitations and obligationsrdquo lt Federally recognized (ie sovereign) tribes determine the requirements for tribal

membership and citizenship which is acquired by formal enrollment the criteria are usually set forth in their constitutions by-laws articles of incorporation or codesEnrollment records the ldquorollsrdquoare maintained by the tribes although the USDepartment of the InteriorBureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) retains control over thebase rolls For most tribes admission as a member is based on the proof of lineage ornative ldquoblood quantumrdquo at the end of the lineal kinship line

lt The list of ldquoacknowledged or recognizedrdquo tribes under most current corporate namesis published routinely in the Federal Register by the BIA

Name authority work plays a very important role for establishing all tribal jurisdictionsorganizations in the LC authority files lt As a first step at the begin of this project the LC Policy and Standards Division has

determined that the appropriate MARC 21 field in name authority records willhenceforth be the 151 (Geographic name) field for tribes recognized by the USGovernment as autonomoussovereign entities instead of the previously used 110(Corporate name) field This was in keeping with the guidance provided in rule 2135of the Anglo American Cataloguing Rules 2nd edition (AACR2) to treat suchcorporate entities as sovereign tribal governments

lt For establishing new or updating existing name authority records of AmericanIndian jurisdictions the BIA is to date the principal authority on Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible to Receive Services from the US Bureau of Indian Affairs

lt The list of tribes maintained by the Bureau has been used and is regularly checkedfor updates LC authority files ie name authorities and subject authorities havebeen compared for currency against the Bureaursquos file as well as against other bonafide resources such as those of the

lt US Department of Justice lt United States Governmentrsquos Official Web Portal (httpUSAgov Government

AgenciesTribal Governments) and lt Tribal government and Tribal organization Web sites

(b) Canada The development of the jurisdictional ie constitutional and legal status of Aboriginal corporate entities in Canada took historically a very different path and is stillevolving

lt Prior to the Confederation the Canadian government signed treaties with theAboriginal peoples mostly trading aboriginal landownership for treaty rights andreserve lands To cement it into law the Canadian federal government passed theIndian Act in 1876

lt By virtue of this Act still in 1951 the government decided whom to recognize asIndian those registered with the federal government and entered into the nationalIndian register would be recognized often termed as ldquoStatus Indiansrdquo in contrast tothe ldquonon-Status Indiansrdquo Registration under the Act also provided entrance into thecommunity and in the course of time resulted in eligibility for certain benefitsprovided by the government

lt After adoption of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982 and in particular the Constitution Act of 1982 which acknowledged Aboriginal and Treaty rights (Section 35 of the Constitution Act) of the three recognized cultural groups Indians Inuit (in the Canadian North) and Meacutetis made amendments to the Indian Act necessary since the original registration rules favored the male component of theAboriginal population

lt In particular the 1985 Amendment (the so called Bill C-31) was to correct thissituation and had a tremendous impact on registration and band membership

4

responsibilities powers certain limitations and obligationsrdquo lt Federally recognized (ie sovereign) tribes determine the requirements for tribal

membership and citizenship which is acquired by formal enrollment the criteria are usually set forth in their constitutions by-laws articles of incorporation or codesEnrollment records the ldquorollsrdquoare maintained by the tribes although the USDepartment of the InteriorBureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) retains control over thebase rolls For most tribes admission as a member is based on the proof of lineage ornative ldquoblood quantumrdquo at the end of the lineal kinship line

lt The list of ldquoacknowledged or recognizedrdquo tribes under most current corporate namesis published routinely in the Federal Register by the BIA

Name authority work plays a very important role for establishing all tribal jurisdictionsorganizations in the LC authority files lt As a first step at the begin of this project the LC Policy and Standards Division has

determined that the appropriate MARC 21 field in name authority records willhenceforth be the 151 (Geographic name) field for tribes recognized by the USGovernment as autonomoussovereign entities instead of the previously used 110(Corporate name) field This was in keeping with the guidance provided in rule 2135of the Anglo American Cataloguing Rules 2nd edition (AACR2) to treat suchcorporate entities as sovereign tribal governments

lt For establishing new or updating existing name authority records of AmericanIndian jurisdictions the BIA is to date the principal authority on Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible to Receive Services from the US Bureau of Indian Affairs

lt The list of tribes maintained by the Bureau has been used and is regularly checkedfor updates LC authority files ie name authorities and subject authorities havebeen compared for currency against the Bureaursquos file as well as against other bonafide resources such as those of the

lt US Department of Justice lt United States Governmentrsquos Official Web Portal (httpUSAgov Government

AgenciesTribal Governments) and lt Tribal government and Tribal organization Web sites

(b) Canada The development of the jurisdictional ie constitutional and legal status of Aboriginal corporate entities in Canada took historically a very different path and is stillevolving

lt Prior to the Confederation the Canadian government signed treaties with theAboriginal peoples mostly trading aboriginal landownership for treaty rights andreserve lands To cement it into law the Canadian federal government passed theIndian Act in 1876

lt By virtue of this Act still in 1951 the government decided whom to recognize asIndian those registered with the federal government and entered into the nationalIndian register would be recognized often termed as ldquoStatus Indiansrdquo in contrast tothe ldquonon-Status Indiansrdquo Registration under the Act also provided entrance into thecommunity and in the course of time resulted in eligibility for certain benefitsprovided by the government

lt After adoption of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982 and in particular the Constitution Act of 1982 which acknowledged Aboriginal and Treaty rights (Section 35 of the Constitution Act) of the three recognized cultural groups Indians Inuit (in the Canadian North) and Meacutetis made amendments to the Indian Act necessary since the original registration rules favored the male component of theAboriginal population

lt In particular the 1985 Amendment (the so called Bill C-31) was to correct thissituation and had a tremendous impact on registration and band membership

4

lt The 1995 change in policy by recognizing ldquoAboriginal inherent right to self-governmentrdquo paired with the 1996 Royal Commission Report on AboriginalGovernment opened the way to new treaties but also implementation of non-treatyforms of negotiations for Aboriginal self-government beyond the band-internal by-law powers

Today - besides a number of successfully completed self-government negotiations - suchnegotiations are under way virtually across Canada in a range of different processes butinvolving regularly Aboriginal groups (or their representatives for example the First Nations Leadership Councils or the Assembly of First Nations) the Federal governmentand a Provincial government (local to the negotiating Aboriginal group(s))

For information on Aboriginal peoplescommunities constitutionallegal statusand their political organizations in the Canadian regions the principal resources consulted are lt Documentation of the Parliamentary Information and Research Service Library of

Parliament Canada lt the (Department of ) Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada

(AANDC) lt the Aboriginal Canada Portal (ACP) launched in 2001 under the auspices of the

Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development The latter offers access through over 7500 Websites and portals to Aboriginal organizations andcommunities of the Inuit First Nations and Meacutetis and

lt Library and Archives Canada (LAC)

(4) The List of jurisdictions Instead of one alphabetical list of peoples and communities for theentire region of the United States or Canada they are presented by the region in which these Indianor Aboriginal groups reside Each group is assigned a unique number or number span withinstruction as to which one of the specifically developed subject tables is to be applied

II The content Rights and law of the Indigenous

(1) Recent legal tradition has cast laws relating to Indigenous peoples in North America into two categories termed as

lt Federal Indian law This category refers to federal laws and regulationsimpacting on Indigenous peoples rights and affairs In the Library of CongressClassification this law is classed currently with the national legal systemseg Law of the United States Class KF8201-8210 and Law of Canada ClassKE7701-7722

lt Indigenous Aboriginal or Tribal law This category refers to the law as itwas developed by a particular Indigenous group (band or tribe) and practicedwithin the grouprsquos territorial boundaries ie applied by and to the membersof the group residing on a reservation township village ranch or other suchgeographic entity Included are the constitutions and by-laws that wereadopted pursuant to either the Indian Reorgnization Act (US) or pursuant totreaties negotiations etc by Aboriginal groups with federal or provincialauthorities (Canada)

This set of sub-classes KIA-KIK (Arctic and sub-Arctic Canada and the United States) are onlyconcerned with the latter category for the time being This does not preclude that at an appropriatetime the ldquoFederal Indian lawrdquomay be optionally classed in the KIA-KIK schedules if so desiredrather than in KF8200+ and KE7701+

5

(2) Comparative Aboriginal and American Indian law Both schedule groups commence with a broad classification of generalia and subjects addressing general developments discussions orconcerns in the region at large These schedules are KIB (Canada) and KIE (US) comparable to thefederal law arrangements in schedules KF and KE respectively

(3) Uniform subject tables The Aboriginal or tribal law proper is presented in a set of uniform subjecttables to be applied to the jurisdictions as instructed KIA-KIX1 (30 No) KIA-KIX2 (100 No) KIAshyKIX3 (Cutter No) and KIA-KIX4 (1 No Form Division Table for general works)

(4) Subject patterns For patterning of the subject arrangements of the new schedule the Classes K(Law in General) KF (Law of the United States) and KEKEO (Law of Canada and Ontario) werecomparatively evaluated (including all bibliographic records in the data base classed in the numberranges for Indigenous peoples of these schedules)

For the subjects proper a wide variety of Web resources were investigated In particular for theCanadian subject tables public documentation dealing with the scope of Negotiation of Inherent Aboriginal Self-Government with a definitive range of subjects slated for Aboriginal jurisdiction wereconsulted those subjects are extending ldquoto matters that are internal to the group integral to its distinctAboriginal culture and essential to its operation as a government or institutionrdquo

III The language of the schedules Indigenous peoples

The language of the schedule with often only fine differences in the overall terminology takes localusage in account This is easily discerned by a parallel study of the schedules for the Arctic Canada andthe United States Differences in terms for the same subject are not editorial oversights but reflect ingeneral the language taken primarily from local or regional legal sources in order to provide better accesswith accurate terms Sources and resources were searched in particular for the proper noun ordenomination distinguishing the different groups of ethnic peoples in North America to be introduced inthe classification

International law in general does not provide an exact legal definition of ldquoIndigenous peoplesrdquo althoughparticular international instruments established ldquosome criteriardquo In both forums domestic andinternational however the category ldquoIndigenous peoplesrdquodistinguishes the group and its members fromcollectivities such as ldquominoritiesrdquoand other (ethnic) components of society A critical element in thedetermination of the attribute Indigenous or Tribal for a group is ldquohistorical continuity and ancestralrelationshiprdquo with societies in a territory that pre-dates conquest and colonization Thus followingcommon practice the term Indigenous peoples has been adopted for this classification as the overarchingterm while for the sub-Regions Arcticsub-Arctic Canada and the United States local usage wasobserved

(1) For Canada the term Aboriginals is used as the preferred general and official designation for the three distinct groups Indians Inuit and Meacutetis (Canadian Constitution Act of 1982 section 25 and 35)

(a) Since the 1970s First Nations seems to have slowly replaced Indians (sometimes perceivedas pejorative) and the term ldquobandrdquoas part of the name of a community Therefore the term First Nations is used in this classification where appropriate

(b) The Resolution 2010-01 of the Inuit Circumpolar Council (chartered in 1980 as a multinational NGO for protection and advancement of Inuit rights and a Permanent Participant on the Arctic Council) denounced the exonym Eskimo used to designate Arctic peoples As laid down in the Charter ldquoInuit means Indigenous members of the Inuit homelandldquo including the Inupiat Yupik (ofAlaska) Inuvialuit Inuit (of Canada) Kalaallit (of Greenland) and Yupik (of RussiaSiberia) TodayInuit is the term commonly used for Arctic peoples of Canada regardless of fine ethniclinguisticdistinctions It is therefore consistently applied in this classification

6

(c) The third group of peoples residing in all of the Canadian regions are the Meacutetis peoplecommonly defined as ldquopeople of both Aboriginal and European descent and speaking either FrenchEnglish or an Aboriginal languagerdquo The term Meacutetis is used in this classification

(2) All Indigenous peoples of Alaska are currently represented collectively by the term Alaska Natives Included in this ldquocollectiverdquoare the principal 5 groups Aleuts Athabascans Inupiat and Yupik (both considered Inuit) and the Southeast Coastal Tlingit and Haida (Indians) IndividualIndigenous jurisdictions (peoples and communities) of Alaska are entered in this classification underthe name as recognized by the US Department of the InteriorBIA

(3) In the United States the term given preference at this time seems to be American Indians although Indian Tribes and the adjective form Tribal as well as Native (eg Alaska Natives or the National Native American Bar Association) are still in use For this classification the term American Indians has been adopted

IV Web resources and the role of online classification

The development took full advantage of the existing linking and correlation functionality of Library ofCongress online classification Multi-lateral links to areas in related disciplines in the LCClassification system provide rich information on anthropology ethno-geography local history socialand political sciences law etc thus expanding the scope of the new class in the interest of a broaderaudience or special user community

For the jurisdictional organizational and subject structure the development relies heavily on Websources For example the general bibliography a very important component of the regional schedulesprovides the listing for the major governmental organizational or bibliographic institution Web sites Because Web sites in many instances offer subject information otherwise difficult to obtain anAppendix to the schedules was developed with the list of the URLs in the order of the classification Alittle icon (star) in this draft classification indicates the presence of an electronic resource thus relatingthe entry in the classification to the Appendix At this point the list of Web resources is not complete and is expected to grow

At a later stage of the development through an envisioned Portal for Indigenous peoplesrsquo informationthese will be actual links either to authoritative government Web sites (tribal governments included) orto other electronic resources in particular of those institutions which provide either full-text digitalcollections or serve as conduits (indexes) to other Web resources on modern style constitutional andorganizational developments of a people association or federation etc

V Maps and other cartographic sources as visual enhancement of the classification

This classification pioneers also the use of cartographic materials as visual aids for the user in accessinginformation ie guiding by diagramsmaps that overlay the current geopolitical arrangement of NorthAmerica into the geographic regions of the schedule For examples click on the links below

httpwwwlocgovlocclasswebdemomapdemohtml (Principal regions of North America for this classification)

httpwwwlocgovlocclasswebdemous-maphtml (US regions KIF-KIK)

In addition cartographic reviews and references to cartographic materials are used to visualize thehistorical territorial evolution of Indian country such as

7

(2) Comparative Aboriginal and American Indian law Both schedule groups commence with a broad classification of generalia and subjects addressing general developments discussions orconcerns in the region at large These schedules are KIB (Canada) and KIE (US) comparable to thefederal law arrangements in schedules KF and KE respectively

(3) Uniform subject tables The Aboriginal or tribal law proper is presented in a set of uniform subjecttables to be applied to the jurisdictions as instructed KIA-KIX1 (30 No) KIA-KIX2 (100 No) KIAshyKIX3 (Cutter No) and KIA-KIX4 (1 No Form Division Table for general works)

(4) Subject patterns For patterning of the subject arrangements of the new schedule the Classes K(Law in General) KF (Law of the United States) and KEKEO (Law of Canada and Ontario) werecomparatively evaluated (including all bibliographic records in the data base classed in the numberranges for Indigenous peoples of these schedules)

For the subjects proper a wide variety of Web resources were investigated In particular for theCanadian subject tables public documentation dealing with the scope of Negotiation of Inherent Aboriginal Self-Government with a definitive range of subjects slated for Aboriginal jurisdiction wereconsulted those subjects are extending ldquoto matters that are internal to the group integral to its distinctAboriginal culture and essential to its operation as a government or institutionrdquo

III The language of the schedules Indigenous peoples

The language of the schedule with often only fine differences in the overall terminology takes localusage in account This is easily discerned by a parallel study of the schedules for the Arctic Canada andthe United States Differences in terms for the same subject are not editorial oversights but reflect ingeneral the language taken primarily from local or regional legal sources in order to provide better accesswith accurate terms Sources and resources were searched in particular for the proper noun ordenomination distinguishing the different groups of ethnic peoples in North America to be introduced inthe classification

International law in general does not provide an exact legal definition of ldquoIndigenous peoplesrdquo althoughparticular international instruments established ldquosome criteriardquo In both forums domestic andinternational however the category ldquoIndigenous peoplesrdquodistinguishes the group and its members fromcollectivities such as ldquominoritiesrdquoand other (ethnic) components of society A critical element in thedetermination of the attribute Indigenous or Tribal for a group is ldquohistorical continuity and ancestralrelationshiprdquo with societies in a territory that pre-dates conquest and colonization Thus followingcommon practice the term Indigenous peoples has been adopted for this classification as the overarchingterm while for the sub-Regions Arcticsub-Arctic Canada and the United States local usage wasobserved

(1) For Canada the term Aboriginals is used as the preferred general and official designation for the three distinct groups Indians Inuit and Meacutetis (Canadian Constitution Act of 1982 section 25 and 35)

(a) Since the 1970s First Nations seems to have slowly replaced Indians (sometimes perceivedas pejorative) and the term ldquobandrdquoas part of the name of a community Therefore the term First Nations is used in this classification where appropriate

(b) The Resolution 2010-01 of the Inuit Circumpolar Council (chartered in 1980 as a multinational NGO for protection and advancement of Inuit rights and a Permanent Participant on the Arctic Council) denounced the exonym Eskimo used to designate Arctic peoples As laid down in the Charter ldquoInuit means Indigenous members of the Inuit homelandldquo including the Inupiat Yupik (ofAlaska) Inuvialuit Inuit (of Canada) Kalaallit (of Greenland) and Yupik (of RussiaSiberia) TodayInuit is the term commonly used for Arctic peoples of Canada regardless of fine ethniclinguisticdistinctions It is therefore consistently applied in this classification

6

(c) The third group of peoples residing in all of the Canadian regions are the Meacutetis peoplecommonly defined as ldquopeople of both Aboriginal and European descent and speaking either FrenchEnglish or an Aboriginal languagerdquo The term Meacutetis is used in this classification

(2) All Indigenous peoples of Alaska are currently represented collectively by the term Alaska Natives Included in this ldquocollectiverdquoare the principal 5 groups Aleuts Athabascans Inupiat and Yupik (both considered Inuit) and the Southeast Coastal Tlingit and Haida (Indians) IndividualIndigenous jurisdictions (peoples and communities) of Alaska are entered in this classification underthe name as recognized by the US Department of the InteriorBIA

(3) In the United States the term given preference at this time seems to be American Indians although Indian Tribes and the adjective form Tribal as well as Native (eg Alaska Natives or the National Native American Bar Association) are still in use For this classification the term American Indians has been adopted

IV Web resources and the role of online classification

The development took full advantage of the existing linking and correlation functionality of Library ofCongress online classification Multi-lateral links to areas in related disciplines in the LCClassification system provide rich information on anthropology ethno-geography local history socialand political sciences law etc thus expanding the scope of the new class in the interest of a broaderaudience or special user community

For the jurisdictional organizational and subject structure the development relies heavily on Websources For example the general bibliography a very important component of the regional schedulesprovides the listing for the major governmental organizational or bibliographic institution Web sites Because Web sites in many instances offer subject information otherwise difficult to obtain anAppendix to the schedules was developed with the list of the URLs in the order of the classification Alittle icon (star) in this draft classification indicates the presence of an electronic resource thus relatingthe entry in the classification to the Appendix At this point the list of Web resources is not complete and is expected to grow

At a later stage of the development through an envisioned Portal for Indigenous peoplesrsquo informationthese will be actual links either to authoritative government Web sites (tribal governments included) orto other electronic resources in particular of those institutions which provide either full-text digitalcollections or serve as conduits (indexes) to other Web resources on modern style constitutional andorganizational developments of a people association or federation etc

V Maps and other cartographic sources as visual enhancement of the classification

This classification pioneers also the use of cartographic materials as visual aids for the user in accessinginformation ie guiding by diagramsmaps that overlay the current geopolitical arrangement of NorthAmerica into the geographic regions of the schedule For examples click on the links below

httpwwwlocgovlocclasswebdemomapdemohtml (Principal regions of North America for this classification)

httpwwwlocgovlocclasswebdemous-maphtml (US regions KIF-KIK)

In addition cartographic reviews and references to cartographic materials are used to visualize thehistorical territorial evolution of Indian country such as

7

(c) The third group of peoples residing in all of the Canadian regions are the Meacutetis peoplecommonly defined as ldquopeople of both Aboriginal and European descent and speaking either FrenchEnglish or an Aboriginal languagerdquo The term Meacutetis is used in this classification

(2) All Indigenous peoples of Alaska are currently represented collectively by the term Alaska Natives Included in this ldquocollectiverdquoare the principal 5 groups Aleuts Athabascans Inupiat and Yupik (both considered Inuit) and the Southeast Coastal Tlingit and Haida (Indians) IndividualIndigenous jurisdictions (peoples and communities) of Alaska are entered in this classification underthe name as recognized by the US Department of the InteriorBIA

(3) In the United States the term given preference at this time seems to be American Indians although Indian Tribes and the adjective form Tribal as well as Native (eg Alaska Natives or the National Native American Bar Association) are still in use For this classification the term American Indians has been adopted

IV Web resources and the role of online classification

The development took full advantage of the existing linking and correlation functionality of Library ofCongress online classification Multi-lateral links to areas in related disciplines in the LCClassification system provide rich information on anthropology ethno-geography local history socialand political sciences law etc thus expanding the scope of the new class in the interest of a broaderaudience or special user community

For the jurisdictional organizational and subject structure the development relies heavily on Websources For example the general bibliography a very important component of the regional schedulesprovides the listing for the major governmental organizational or bibliographic institution Web sites Because Web sites in many instances offer subject information otherwise difficult to obtain anAppendix to the schedules was developed with the list of the URLs in the order of the classification Alittle icon (star) in this draft classification indicates the presence of an electronic resource thus relatingthe entry in the classification to the Appendix At this point the list of Web resources is not complete and is expected to grow

At a later stage of the development through an envisioned Portal for Indigenous peoplesrsquo informationthese will be actual links either to authoritative government Web sites (tribal governments included) orto other electronic resources in particular of those institutions which provide either full-text digitalcollections or serve as conduits (indexes) to other Web resources on modern style constitutional andorganizational developments of a people association or federation etc

V Maps and other cartographic sources as visual enhancement of the classification

This classification pioneers also the use of cartographic materials as visual aids for the user in accessinginformation ie guiding by diagramsmaps that overlay the current geopolitical arrangement of NorthAmerica into the geographic regions of the schedule For examples click on the links below

httpwwwlocgovlocclasswebdemomapdemohtml (Principal regions of North America for this classification)

httpwwwlocgovlocclasswebdemous-maphtml (US regions KIF-KIK)

In addition cartographic reviews and references to cartographic materials are used to visualize thehistorical territorial evolution of Indian country such as

7

lt land tenure changes by major events such as removal and relocation or lt land cessions (either by treaty or deed) or lt changes as a consequence of allotment legislation (regional as well as local)

and impact thereof on Indian culture areas environment and resources This information is introducedeither as reference to Class G or with links to digital images of maps as further illustration of thesubject

Jolande E GoldbergPolicy and Standards OfficeAccessions and Bibliographic Access DirectorateThe Library of Congress Washington DC 20540

8

VI Appendices

Appendix KIA Electronic Resources ndash In Order of Classification

KIA General North America (General)ArcticSubarcticNorthern Canada Alaska

KIA1 General

EarthRights Internationalhttpwwwearthrightsorgaboutmission-statement

NativeWeb httpwwwnativeweborgresourceslaw_legal_issues

KIA2 American Indian Law Review httpadamslawoueduailr

KIA63 Indigenous Law Journal httpwwwindigenouslawjournalcom

KIA123 Tribal law journalhttptljunmedu

KIA155 Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs)Cultural survival

httpwwwculturalsurvivalorgIndian Law Resource Center

httpwwwindianlaworgenaboutInternational Indian Treaty Council (IITC)

httpwwwtreatycouncilorg KIA157 Institutes Research Centers Academies

Center for the World Indigenous Studieshttpcwisorgwho_we_are

Native American amp Indigenous Studies AssociationhttpnaisaorgGovernance

KIA17 Colonialism and establishment of political boundaries MapsDistribution of Indian tribes ca1600 -1800

httphdllocgovlocgmdg3301ect000669Regions 1694

httphdllocgovlocgmdg3300ct000122Early political division 1764

Htphdllocgovlocgmdg3300ar011300Colonial powers ca1775

httphdllocgovlocgmdg3300ar002000Colonial powers ca1783

httphdllocgovlocgmdg3300ar010000Regions ca1805

httphdllocgovlocgmdg3300ct000175

9

VI Appendices

Appendix KIA Electronic Resources ndash In Order of Classification

KIA General North America (General)ArcticSubarcticNorthern Canada Alaska

KIA1 General

EarthRights Internationalhttpwwwearthrightsorgaboutmission-statement

NativeWeb httpwwwnativeweborgresourceslaw_legal_issues

KIA2 American Indian Law Review httpadamslawoueduailr

KIA63 Indigenous Law Journal httpwwwindigenouslawjournalcom

KIA123 Tribal law journalhttptljunmedu

KIA155 Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs)Cultural survival

httpwwwculturalsurvivalorgIndian Law Resource Center

httpwwwindianlaworgenaboutInternational Indian Treaty Council (IITC)

httpwwwtreatycouncilorg KIA157 Institutes Research Centers Academies

Center for the World Indigenous Studieshttpcwisorgwho_we_are

Native American amp Indigenous Studies AssociationhttpnaisaorgGovernance

KIA17 Colonialism and establishment of political boundaries MapsDistribution of Indian tribes ca1600 -1800

httphdllocgovlocgmdg3301ect000669Regions 1694

httphdllocgovlocgmdg3300ct000122Early political division 1764

Htphdllocgovlocgmdg3300ar011300Colonial powers ca1775

httphdllocgovlocgmdg3300ar002000Colonial powers ca1783

httphdllocgovlocgmdg3300ar010000Regions ca1805

httphdllocgovlocgmdg3300ct000175

9

KIA General ndash Continued

KIA22

KIA24

KIA253

KIA28

KIA29

KIA30

KIA33

KIA495

KIA50

KIA

KIA111

KIA112

ArcticStat httpwwwarcticstatorgAboutaspx

NGOs Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC) httpwwwinuitorg Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami

httpwwwitkcaabout-itk

IGOs Aleut International Association (AIA)

httpwwwarcticpeoplesorgaleutlayout=item Arctic Athabaskan Council (AAC)

httpwwwarcticathabaskancouncilcomArctic Council (AC)

httpwwwarctic-councilorgindexphpenArctic Council Indigenous Peoplesrsquo Secretariat (IPS)

httpwwwarcticpeoplesorgaboutInuit Circumpolar Council (ICC)

httpwwwinuitorg Political organizations

Gwichrsquoin Council International (GCI) httpwwwgwichinorg

Education Polar Law Institute University of AkureyriIceland

httpwwwpolarlawis Academies etc

Arctic Institute of North America (AINA)httpwwwarcticucalgarycaindexphppage=asg_nwt

University of the Arctic (Thematic Network on Arctic Law)httpwwwuarcticorgSingleArticleaspxm=1060ampamid=11366

History Generalhttpmusejhuedujournalsethnohistoryv046464reedy-maschnerhtml

Environment Arctic Institute of North America

httpwwwarcticucalgarycaindexphppage=wildlife Arctic Health

httpwwwarctichealthorg

Northern Canada

Nunavik Bibliography http136159147171nunavik Law gateways (Portals) Web directories

Aboriginal Connections Directory httpdirectoryaboriginalconnectionscomCanadaindexhtml

Aboriginal Mallhttpwwwaboriginalmallcom

First Nation Information Projecthttpwwwaboriginalcanadacomfirstnationdirfnnwthtm

10

KIA Northern Canada ndash Continued

KIA1152

KIA120

KIA120

KIA178

KIA2302

KIA240

KIA2554

KIA2692

KIA

KIA17415

KIA1746

KIA1754

Political organizationsInuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ITK)

httpwwwitkcaabout-itkKitikmeot Inuit Association

httpwwwpolarnetcapolarnetkiahtmKivalliq Inuit Association

httpwwwkivalliqinuitcahomehtmlQikiqtani Inuit Association

httpwwwqiacai18nenglishhomeshtm Deh Cho First Nations

httpwwwdehchoorghomehtm Gwichrsquoin Tribal Council

httpwwwgwichinntcahttpwwwtetlitgwichincaabouttetlitgwichin

Associations amp corporations Rat River Development Corporation

httpwwwtetlitgwichincaRatRiverDevelopmentCorporation Health

Inuit Tapiriit Kanatamihttpwwwitkcapublications

Nunavut Wellness httpnunavutwellnesscaenglishindexhtml

Sovereignty in the Arctichttpwwwitkcapublicationscircumpolar-declaration-sovereignty-arctic

Public property Inuit regional associationsInuvialuit Regional Corporation (IRC)

httpwwwircinuvialuitcomaboutfinalagreementhtmlMakivik Corporation (Quebec)

httpwwwmakivikorgNunatsiavut (Labrador)

httpwwwnunatsiavutcomNunavut Land Claims agreement

httplccnlocgovsn95018388Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated (NTI)

httpwwwtunngavikcomabout Alaska

Law gateways (Portals) Web directories Justice Center University of Alaska Anchorage

httpjusticeuaaalaskaedurlinksnativesindexhtml Political organizations

Alaska Federation of Natives (AFN)httpwwwnativefederationorgabouthistoryphp

Alaska Inter-Tribal Council (AITC)httpaitcorg

Alaska Native Justice Center httpwwwanjcorg

Aleutian Pribilof Islands Association httpwwwapiaicomaboutasppage=about

First Alaskans Institute httpwwwfirstalaskansorg

11

KIA Alaska ndash Continued

KIA1792 Native associations and corporations linkshttpwwwlbblawyerscomancsahtmcorpx

KIA1794 By nameAHTNA Incorporated

httpwwwahtna-inccomAleut Corporation

httpwwwaleutcorpcomArctic Slope Regional corporation

httpwwwasrccomsplashaspBering Straits Native Corporation

httpwwwberingstraitscomBristel Bay Native Corporation

httpwwwbbncnetCalista Corporation

httpwwwcalistacorpcomChugach Alaska Corporation

httpwwwchugach-akcomCook Inlet Region Inc (CIRI) httpwwwciricomcontenthome

Doyon Limited httpwwwdoyoncom

Koniag Incorporatedhttpwwwkoniagcomkoniagaboutuscfm

NANA Regional Corporation Inchttpwwwnanacom

Sealaska Corporationhttpwwwsealaskacompagewho_we_arehtml

Village corporationsAfognak Native Corporation

httpwwwafognakcom

KIA18105 Native cultural and intellectual property rightshttpanknuafeduIKSrightshtml

KIA18192 Native Health Organization

httpwwwanthcorgreflawsindexcfm KIA18213 Alcoholism in Alaska

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovpubmed6874159httpwwwncbinlmnihgovpubmed17602395

KIA1824 Nativetraditional ecology httpanknuafeduIKStekhtml

KIA1828 Alaska Native Knowledge NetworkhttpanknuafeduIKSecologyhtml

KIA1831 Native medicine Health organizations

Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium httpwwwanthcorgabt

Indian Health Service httpwwwihsgovHPDP

12

KIA Alaska ndash Continued

KIA1858 Constitutional law IRA era constitutions and by-lawshttpthorpeoueduIRAhtml

KIA1859 Alaska Reorganization Act 1936httpthorpeoueduIRAIRAbookactshtm

Public property KIA1918 Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council

httpwwwyritwcorgAboutUsAboutUstabid56Defaultaspx

Native land claims KIA 1920 Bibliography Law gateways (Portals)

Alaska Natives Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA portal)httpwwwancsanet

ANCSA Resource Center httpwwwlbblawyerscomancsahtm

Alaska Natives Claims Settlement Act 1971 httpuscodehousegovpopularnamespopularnameshtmletterA

Regional associations KIA1921 Bristol Bay Native Association

httpwwwbbnacomCopper River Native Assoc

httpwwwcrnativeorgTanana Chiefs Conference Inc (TCC)

httpwwwtananachiefsorg KIA1922 Association of Village Council Presidents

httpwwwavcporgCouncil of Athabascan Tribal Governments (CATG)

httpcatgorg KIA1944 Native courts and procedure Court Development

httpthorpeoueduAKtribalctindexhtml

13

Appendix KIB-KID Canada Electronic Resources ndash In Order of Classification

KIB Regional comparative

KIB3 Law gateways Web directories (Portals)Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC)

httpaandc-aadncgccaengAboriginal Canada Portal

httpwwwaboriginalcanadagccaacpsitensfenao20997htmlAboriginal Connections Directory (First Nations)

httpdirectoryaboriginalconnectionscomCanadaAthabasca University Digital Content Repository

httpauspaceathabascauca8080 Department of Justice Canada

httpwwwjusticegccaLibrary and Archives Canada (LAC)

httpwwwcollectionscanadaca0202012001_ehtmlMeacutetis Nation Gateway

httpwwwmetisportalscawp Political organizations

KIB12 Assembly of First Nations (AFN) httpwwwafnca

KIB122 Congress of Aboriginal Peoples (CAP)httpwwwabo-peoplesorg

KIB125 Meacutetis National Council (MNC)httpwwwmetisnationcahttpwwwCanadianmetiscom

KIB19 Treaties Aboriginal Canada Portal

httpwwwaboriginalcanadagccaacpsitensfenao20009html KIB22 Library and Archives CanadaAboriginal Documentary Heritage

httpwwwcollectionscanadacaaboriginal-heritage KIB23 Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC)

httpaandc-aadncgccaeng

KIB37 Legal researchFirst Nations Information Project (FNIP)

httpwwwjohncocomfirstnationIndigenous Studies Portal University of Saskatchewan

httpiportalusaskcaLibraries and Archives Canada Aboriginal Resources

httpwwwcollectionscanadagccaaboriginalindex-ehtmlLibrary of Parliament Parliamentary Information and Research

Service Documents and publicationshttpwwwparlgccaContentLOPResearchPublications

KIB39 Legal education Native Law Center of Canada University of Saskatchewan httpwwwusaskcanativelaw

KIB42 Indigenous Bar Associationhttpwwwindigenousbarcamain_ehtml

KIB47 Institutes Center for World Indigenous Knowledge and Research Athabasca University

httpauspaceathabascauca8080dspacehttpauspaceathabascaucaaboutjspabout

14

KIB Regional comparative ndash Continued

KIB50 MapsTerritorial evolutionAtlas of Canadahttpatlasnrcangccasiteenglishmapshistoricalhttphdllocgovlocgmdg3300ar004200

KIB32 Directories Canada First Nations and organizations directorieshttpsdiprod2inacgccaFNProfiles

KIB406 Mining First Nations Oil and Gas Management FNOGMM Acthttpwwwaadnc-aandcgccaeng1325088660590

KIB568 Environment Indigenous Environmental Network

HttpwwwienearthorgNational Environmental Coalition of Native Americans

httpwwwneconaindigenousnativeorg

KIB582 Health National Aboriginal Health Organization (NAHO)

Httpnahocafirstnationsenglishtraditionalphp KIB587 Race health care and the law

httpacademicudaytoneduhealthindexhtm KIB Constitutional law KIB 6993 Royal Proclamation of 1763

httpavalonlawyaleedu18th_centuryproc1763asp KIB720 First Peoples National Party of Canada (FPNP)

httpwwwfpnpocca

KIB Eastern Canada

KIB 1112 Advocacy and development corporations and organizationsAnishinabek Nation see 1112U+

httpwwwanishinabekcaAssociation of Iroquois and Allied Indians

httpwwwaiaioncaAtlantic Policy Congress of First Nation Chiefs

(APCFNC)httpwwwapcfncca

Chiefs of Ontario (Confederacy of Nations)httpwwwchiefs-of-ontarioorg

Confederacy of Mainland Micmacshttpcmmnscom

Confederation of Nova Scotia Meacutetis httpwwwcanadianmetiscom

Federation of Newfoundland Indians httpwwwfninfcabackgrouhtm

Independent First Nation Alliance (IFNA)httpwwwifnaca

Innu Nation httpwwwinnuca

15

KIB Eastern Canada

KIB 1112 Advocacy and development corporations and organizations ndash Continued Labrador Inuit Association

httpwwwnunatsiavutcomLabrador Metis Nation

httpwwwlabmetisorgaboutaspMetis Nation of Ontario

httpwwwmetisnationorggovernancegoverning-structureaspxMikmaq Confederacy of Prince Edwards Island

httpwwwmcpeicaNishnabwe-Aski Nation

httpwwwnanoncaSix Nations of the Grand River Territory (Confederacy)

httpwwwsixnationscaProfilehtmThe Union of New Brunswick Indians

httpwwwunbiorgThe Union of Ontario Indians (Anishinabek Nation)

httpwwwanishinabekca KIB1120 Councils for provincialterritorial representation

Council of Conne River Micmacs httpwwwmfngovca

Grand Council of the Crees (Quebec)httpwwwgccca

Grand Council of Treaty 3 (GCT3)httpwwwtreaty3cagrandchiefgct3-info-historyphp

KIB11205 Other councils for provincialterritorial or regional representation A-ZMawiw Council

httpwwwmawiwcomindexhtmlMohawk Council of Kanawaacuteke

httpwwwkahnawakecomcouncilaspNative Council of Prince Edward Island

httpwwwncpeicomToronto Meacutetis Council

httpwwwtorontometiscouncilorgWersquoKopekwitk Meacutetis council

httpwwwgeocitiescomcapitolhillparliament4848200618

16

KIC Western Canada

KIC2001

KIC2002

KIC2009

KIC2012

KIC2013

KIC20135-14

KIC2015

Bibliography Pannekoek Frits A selected Western Canada Historical Resources

Bibliographyhttpauspaceathabascaucabrowsetype=author

Law gateways Web directories (Portals)British Columbia Ministry of Aboriginal RelationsReconciliations

httpwwwgovbccaarrtreatyregionalhtmlFirst Nations (British Columbia) treaties

Httpwwwbctreatynetfiles_3first_nationshtml IGO (BC)

httpwwwbctreatynetfiles_3aboutushtml Advocacy organizations

Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs (AMC)httpwwwmanitobachiefscomindex4htm

Confederacy of Treaty No6 First Nationhttpwwwtreaty6ca

Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations (FSIN)httpwwwfsincomaboutfsinconventionacthtml

Manitoba Meacutetis Federation Union of BC Indian Chiefs

httpwwwubcicbcca Treaty No7 Management Corporeation

httpwwwtreaty7org Treaty 8 Tribal Association

httpwwwtreaty8bccaabout Councils for provincialterritorial representation

Athabasca Tribal Council (ATC)httpwwwatc97orgorganizationhtml

BC Assembly of First Nations (BCAFN)httpwwwbcafnca

Council of Yukon First Nations httpwwwcyfnnet

Dakota Ojibway Tribal Council (DOTC)Httpwwwdotcmbcamembershtml

First Nations Summit (FNS)httpwwwfnsbccaaboutabouthtm

Grand Council Treaty No8httpwwwtreaty8ca

Ktunaxa Kinbasket Treaty CouncilHttpwwwktunaxaorgtreatyindexhtml

Meacutetis Provincial Council of British Columbia (MNBC)httpwwwmpcbcbccaaboutusaboutushtml

Meacutetis Settlements General Council (MSGC)httpwwwmsgccamainphppage=about

Southern Chiefs Organization (SCO)httpwwwscoincmbcaprojectsphp

Union of BC Indian Chiefs httpwwwubcicbcca

Manitoba Keewatinook Ininew Okimowin (MKIO)httpwwwmkonorthcom

United Native Nations (UNN)httpwwwunnsbccafaq_bachtm

Vancouver Aboriginal Councilhttpwwwvac-bccaabouthtml

17

KIC Western Canada ndash Continued

KIC2042 Surveys on legal activitieshttpwwwoag-bvggccadominoreportsnsfhtml06menu_ehtml

KID4991 Cree Portal httpwwwfirstnationsseekercaCreehtml

KID5700 Meacutetis Portal httpwwwcanadianmetiscomLinkshtm

KID5791 Metis Nation Saskatchewan httpmetnasasktelwebhostingcomgovernanceindexhtml

Appendix KIEndashKIK Electronic Resources ndash In Order of Classification

KIE-KIK United States

RegionalComparativeNortheast Atlantic South North Central Pacific Northwest New Southwest

Regional comparative

KIE2 Tribal law gateways (Portals) Web directories American Indian Resource Directory

httpwwwindiansorgResourceFedTribes99fedtribes99html

Federal Websites-Native Americans httpwwwoklibshareorgieclinkshtmNational Indian Justice Center

httpwwwnijcorgresourceshtml National Indian Law Library

httpwwwnarforgnilltriballaw University of Oklahoma Native American law digitization

projecthttpthorpeouedu

Tribal Court Clearinghouse Tribal Law and Policy Institute httpwwwtribal-instituteorgliststribal_lawhtm

USAgov US governments official Web portalhttpwwwusagovGovernmentTribal_Sitesindexshtml

US Department of the Interior Indian Affairs BIA httpwwwbiagovWhatWeDoindexhtm US Department of Justice Office of Tribal Justice

httpwwwusdojgovotjnapolicieshtm US Environmental Protection Agency Tribal Portal

httpwwwepagovtribalportalwhereyoulivetribes-a-zhtm

18

KIE-KIK United States

KIE12

KIE123

KIE125

KIE 128

KIEKIE17

KIE26

KIE28

KIE30

KIE52

KIE67

Regional comparative ndash Continued

Political organization National Congress of American Indians (NCAI)

httpncaiorgAbout80html Indian Law Resource Center

httpwwwindianlaworg Tribal Law and Policy Institute

httpwwwtribal-instituteorgliststlpihtm American Indian Development Associates

httpaidaincnet

Collections (Treaties Statutes) Charles J Kappler Laws and Treatieshttpdigitallibraryokstateedukapplervol2tochtmTreaties between the US and Native AmericansYale Law

SchoolAvalon Projecthttpavalonlawyaleedusubject_menusntreatyasp

Tribal Court ClearinghouseTribal codeshttpwwwtribal-instituteorglistscodeshtm

National Indian Law LibraryTribal codeshttpwwwnarforgnilltriballawonlinedocshtm

Native American constitution and law digitization projectUniversity of Oklahoma Law CenterTribal codeshttpthorpeoueducodeshtml

Directories Indian Casino Directory (by State)

httpindiancasinodirectoryorgindexhtmlTribal leaders

httpwwwbiagovidcgroupsxoisdocumentstextidc002652pdf

Research guidesAILA Native American Sites

httpwwwnativeculturelinkscomeducationhtmlAssociation for the Study of American Literatures (ASAIL)

httponcampusrichmondedufacultyASAILguideguidehtml

University of ArizonaLaw Libraryhttpwwwlawarizonaedulibrary

University of Georgetown Law Libraryhttpwwwllgeorgetowneduguidesnativeamericanlawcfm

Harvard Universityhttpwwwlawharvardedulibraryresearchguidesindexhtml

National Indian Law Libraryhttpwwwnarforgnill

University of Oklahoma Law Libraryhttpthorpeoueduresearchguideshtm

University of Tulsa Law Libraryhttpwwwlawutulsaedu

University of WashingtonIndian Law Researchhttpliblawwashingtonedurefindianhtml

19

KIE-KIK United States

Regional comparative ndash Continued

KIE 72 Particular law schools Tribal Legal Studies Programs Project Peacemaker

httpwwwtribal-instituteorglistspeace_makerhtm

Community legal services Indian legal aid KIE87 Cornell Law SchoolLegal Information Institute Native Law

httplawyerslawcornelledulawyersnative-americanstates KIE89 Oklahoma Indian Legal Services

httpwwwoilsonlineorg

KIE93 Indian law societies The American Indian bar National Native American Bar Association

httpwwwnativeamericanbarorg KIE97 National American Indian Court Judges Association (NAICJA)

httpwwwnaicjaorg KIE106 Tribal Law and Policy Institute

httpwwwtribal-instituteorgliststlpihtm

KIE110 General works Cohen Felix S httpthorpeoueducohenhtml

KIE115 HistoryMaps

US GenWeb Archives US Digital Map Libraryhttpusgenmaprootswebancestrycomusgenmaphtm

KIE118 Linguistics Semanticshttphdllocgovlocgmdg3301ect000724httpwwwnativeculturelinkscom

KIE140 Pre-1830 to 1830 Maps

httphdllocgovlocgmdg3300ar001201httphdllocgovlocgmdg3300ar004200

httphdllocgovlocgmdg3300ar009101 KIE150 1830 to 1934

httpwwwlocgovrrprogrambibourdocsIndianhtmlMapshttphdllocgovlocgmdg3300ct000815

KIE160 1934 to 1945 httpthorpeoueduIRAIRAbookactshtm

KIE170 Haas Theodore H Ten years of tribal government under IRAhttpthorpeoueduIRAIRAbookindexhtml

KIE475 American Indian Territoriality Research GuidehttpthorpeouedutreatisesAIT20hdr20pdfsindexhtm

KIE490 Indian Land Tenure Foundation Curriculum and resources httpwwwiltforgresources

20

KIE-KIK United States

KIE Regional comparative ndash Continued

KIE610 Indian Land cessions in the US (1784-1894)httpmemorylocgovammemamlawlwss-ilchtml

KIE610 Royce Charles C (1845-1923) Maps on Indian land cessions httphdllocgovlocgmdg3701emgct00002

KIE1062 National Indian Gaming Associationhttpwwwindiangamingorg

KIE1462 Court Appointed Special Advocates Program for Abused Children (CASA)httpwwwcasaforchildrenorgsite

KIE1462 Indian Country Child Trauma Centerhttpwwwicctcorglinks1htm

KIE1462 National Indian Child Welfare Association (NICWA)httpwwwnicwaorgabouthistoryindexasp

Medical legislation KIE1521 American Indian Health portal

httpamericanindianhealthnlmnihgov KIE1522 Indian Health Service

httpwwwihsgov KIE15395 Indian tobacco Sacred origin of tobacco

httpacademicudaytoneduhealthsyllabitobaccolesson03htm KIE1543 Alcoholic beverages Liquor Ordinances (Collective)

httpwwwbiagovidcgroupsxoisdocumentstextidc009135pdf

KIE16135 Office of the White House (Executive Order 13021)httpwwwedgovaboutinitslistwhtcedlite-indexhtml

KIE1614 Indian education and organizationsAmerican Indian Studies Research Institute (AISRI)

httpwwwindianaedu~aisriindexshtmlCenter for Indian Education (CIE)

HttpcoeasueducieNational Indian Education Association (NIEA)

HttpwwwnieaorgTribal Education Departments National Assembly (TEDNA)

httpwwwtednaorgaboutmissionhtm KIE1645 American Indian College Fund

httpwwwcollegefundorgAmerican Indian Higher Education Consortium

httpwwwaihecorgaboutindexcfmOffice of Indian Education (US Dept of Education)

Httpwww2edgovaboutofficeslistoeseoie KIE1658 National Advisory Council on Indian Education (US Dept of Education)

httpwww2edgovaboutofficeslistoeseoienaciehtml

21

KIE-KIK United States

KIE Regional comparative ndash Continued

KIE1673 Science and the arts Institutions The American Indian Science amp Engineering Society (AISES)

httpwwwaisesorgAboutUsInstitute of American Indian Arts (IAIA)

httpwwwiaiaeducollegeindexphp KIE1697 National NAGPRA law and regulations

httpww wnpsgovhistorynagpraMANDATESINDEXHTM

Constitutional law KIE1725 US Dept of Justice Indian Sovereignty Policy

httpwwwjusticegovotjnapolicieshtm KIE1744 Indian Reorganization Act era constitutions and charters

httpthorpeoueduIRAhtml KIE2097 Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 (ICRA)

httpwwwtribal-instituteorglistsicra1968htm KIE2145 Blood quantum

httpwwwbiagovDocumentLibraryindexhtm

KIE 2362 Indian Land Tenure Foundation httpwwwiltforgresourcesland-tenure-history

KIE2393 Indian housing National American Indian Housing Council httpwwwnaihcnet

Courts Tribal law gateways (Portals)Web directories

KIE2806 Tribal Court Clearing Househttpwwwtribal-instituteorglistsjusticehtm

KIE2808 Tribal drug courtshttpwwwtribal-instituteorglistsdrug_courthtm

KIE3060 Court Appointed Special Advocates (abused children)httpwwwcasaforchildrenorgsite

KIF Northeast Atlantic

Tribal law gateways (Portals)Web directories KIF222 Northeast Region US Fish amp Wildlife Service

httpwwwfwsgovnortheastnativeamericantribalsihtml Tribal laws and treaties

KIF249 Kappler Charles J Indian Treaties 1778-1883httpdigitallibraryokstateedukapplervol2tochtm

Maps 1642 httphdllocgovlocgmdg3300np000004 1700 httphdllocgovlocgmdg3300np000005

Iroquois Confederacy KIF328 The Great Binding Law (Constitution)

httpwwwindigenouspeoplenetiroqconhtm

22

KIE-KIK United States

KIF Northeast Atlantic ndash Continued

KIF344 Research guides ProgramsConnecticut States Library

httpwwwcsliborgindianshtm Mashantucket Pequot Tribe of ConnecticutCouncil

httpwwwmptnlawcomResearchAssistancehtmConnecticut States Library

httpwwwcsliborgindianshtmMashantucket Pequot Tribe of ConnecticutTribal Council

httpwwwmptnlawcomResearchAssistancehtm

KIF South

Tribal law gateways (Portals)Web directories KIF3302 Oklahoma Department of Libraries US Government Information on

Oklahomarsquos Federal Depository LibrarieshttpwwwodlstateokususinfopubsNative-American-Materialspdf

IGO KIF3309 Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission

httpwwwokgovoiacVirginia Council on Indians

httpwwwindiansvipnetorg KIF3312 Advocacy corporations

Native American Indian Association of Tennessee httpwwwnaiatnorg

South Carolina Indian Affairs Commission httpwwwsouthcarolinaindianaffairscomabouthtml

KIF3378 History GeneralHenry L Dawes The Indian Territory

httpetextlibvirginiaedutocmodengpublicDawIndihtml KIF3382 Tribal law gateways (Portals) Web directories A-Z

Archives Library Information Center (American Indians)httpwwwarchivesgovresearchalicreference

KIF3384 History1830 to 1887 Teaching with documents

httpwwwarchivesgoveducationlessonsfed-indian-policyMaps

1872 httphdllocgovlocgmdg4022cct002198 1873 httphdllocgovlocgmdg3701gct002649

1887 httphdllocgovlocgmdg4021ect000226 1889 httphdllocgovlocgmdg4021ect000225

23

KIE-KIK United States

South ndash Continued

KIF3387 History1887 to 1907 Maps

1892 httphdllocgovlocgmdg4021ect000224 1894 httphdllocgovlocgmdg4020rr002880 1898 httphdllocgovlocgmdg4020ct002099 1898 httphdllocgovlocgmdg4020ct002102 1899 httphdllocgovlocgmdg4022cct002106 1902 httphdllocgovlocgmdg4021gct002104 1903 httphdllocgovlocgmdg4022cct002107 1903 httphdllocgovlocgmdg4021pct002110 1905 httphdllocgovlocgmdg4020ct000282

KIG North Central

Political organizations KIG12 Advocacy corporations

Midwest Treaty Networkhttptreatyindigenousnativeorgmtnethtml

KIG14 Intertribal councils Great Lakes Inter-Tribal Council

httpwwwglitcorgInter-Tribal Council of Michigan Inc

httpwwwitcmiorg

KIG80 Community legal services Legal aid A-Z Northern Plains Indian law Center Tribal Judicial Institute

httpwwwlawundedunpilcWisconsin Judicare Inc

httpwwwjudicareorgilo

KIG85 Indian law societies Indian bar Northwest Indian Bar association

httpwwwnwibaorg

KIH Pacific Northwest

KIH2 Tribal law gateways (Portals)Web directories Washington State Court Directory

httpwwwcourtswagovcourt_dirorgs134html KIH12 Advocacy corporations

Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians httpwwwatnitribesorgAbout20ATNIhtml

KIH14 Inter-tribal councils Montana-Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council

httpwwwmtwytlccomresourceshtm KIH90 Indian law societies Indian bar

Northwest Indian Bar Association httpwwwnwibaorg

24

KIE-KIK United States ndash Continued

KIJ New Southwest Tribal law gateways (Portals)Web directories

KIJ2 National Indian Justice Center (NIJC)httpwwwnijcorgabout_ushtml

KIJ72 Law schools Faculties ProgramsSouthwest Center for Law and Policy

httpwwwswclaporg

Indian law societies Indian bar A-Z KIJ82 Hopi Foundation

httpwwwhopifoundationorg

25

26

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3
• Page 4
• Page 5
• Page 6
• Page 7
• Page 8
• Page 9
• Page 10
• Page 11
• Page 12
• Page 13
• Page 14
• Page 15
• Page 16
• Page 17
• Page 18
• Page 19
• Page 20
• Page 21
• Page 22
• Page 23
• Page 24
• Page 25
• Page 26