Law Commission Report No. 228- Need for Legislation to Regulate Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinics as Well as Rights and Obligations of Parties to a Surrogacy

8/19/2019 Law Commission Report No. 228- Need for Legislation to Regulate Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinics as W…

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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

LAW

COMMISSION

OF

INDIA

NEED FOR LEGISLATION TO REGULATE ASSISTED

REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY CLINICS AS WELL AS

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF PARTIES TO A

SURROGACY

Report No. 228

AUGUST 200

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LAW COMMISSION OF INDIA

!REPORT NO. 228"




SURROGACY

S#$%&tte' to t(e U)&o) M&)&*ter o+ L,- ,)' #*t&/e

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http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/


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D.O. No. 6(3)/157/2009-LC (LS) 5 August, 2009

Dear Dr eera!!a "o#$% ,

Su'&et Nee* +or Leg#s$at#o to regu$ate Ass#ste* e!ro*ut#eeo$og% C$##s as e$$ as #gts a* O'$#gat#oso+ art#es to a Surroga%

a +orar*#g ere#t te 22t e!ort o+ te La Co#ss#oo+ *#a o te a'oe su'&et.

2. e or$*s seo* a* *#as +#rst (# #tro +ert#$#8at#o) 'a'%,au!r#%a a$#as Durga as 'or # o$:ata o Oto'er 3, 197 a'out toots a+ter te or$*s +#rst 'o%, Lou#se ;o% ua$ !ote% #s !roe* a*te $#eage ot#ues. Soe autors !ut #t as +o$$os The parentsconstruct the child biologically, while the child constructs the parents

socially. e !ro'$e oeer ar#ses e te !arets are ua'$e toostrut te #$* troug te oet#oa$ '#o$og#a$ eas. +ert#$#t% #ssee as a a&or !ro'$e as :#s#! a* +a#$% t#es are *e!e*et o

!roge%. ?ere# surroga% oes as a su!ree sa#our.

4. e $ega$ #ssues re$ate* #t surroga% are er% o!$e> a* ee*to 'e a**resse* '% a o!rees#e $eg#s$at#o. Surroga% #o$eso+$#t o+ ar#ous #terests a* as #sruta'$e #!at o te !r#ar% u#t

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o+ so#et% #8. +a#$%. No-#teret#o o+ $a # t#s :ott% #ssue #$$ ot 'e !ro!er at a t#e e $a #s to at as ar*et *e+e*er o+ ua $#'ert%a* a #struet o+ *#str#'ut#o o+ !os#t#e et#t$eets. At te saet#e, !ro#'#t#o o ague ora$ grou*s #tout a !ro!er assesset o+so#a$ e*s a* !ur!oses # surroga% a sere ou$* 'e #rrat#oa$.At#e $eg#s$at#e #teret#o #s re@u#re* to +a#$#tate orret uses o+ tee teo$og% #.e. A a* re$#@u#s te oooe* a!!roa to$ega$#8at#o o+ surroga% a*o!te* #terto. e ee* o+ te our #s toa*o!t a !ragat# a!!roa '% $ega$#8#g a$tru#st# surroga%arrageets a* !ro#'#t oer#a$ oes.

5. e su'&et as suo motu ta:e u! +or stu*%. "ost #!ortat !o#ts# regar* to te r#gts a* o'$#gat#os o+ te !art#es to a surroga% a*

r#gts o+ te surrogate #$* te !ro!ose* $eg#s$at#o sou$* #$u*e ae 'ee g#e # t#s e!ort.

#t ar regar*s,

Bours s#ere$%,

(Dr A. La:saa)

Dr ". eera!!a "o#$%,#o "##ster o+ La a* ;ust#e,=oeret o+ *#a,Sastr#


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SURROGACY

Cotets age Nos.

. NODCON 9-16

. ?E DA ASSSED EODCE 17-19EC?NOLO=B (E=LAON)


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ots a+ter te or$*s +#rst 'o%, Lou#se ;o% ua$ !ote% #s !roe* a*

te $#eage ot#ues. Soe autors !ut #t as +o$$os The parents

construct the child biologically, while the child constructs the parents

socially. e !ro'$e oeer ar#ses e te !arets are ua'$e to

ostrut te #$* troug te oet#oa$ '#o$og#a$ eas. +ert#$#t% #s

see as a a&or !ro'$e as :#s#! a* +a#$% t#es are *e!e*et o

!roge%. ?ere# surroga% oes as a su!ree sa#our.

S#rro5,/1 : %e,)&)5

1.3 e or* FsurrogateG as #ts or#g# # Lat# F surrogatusG, !ast

!art##!$e o+ F surrogareG, ea#g a su'st#tute, tat #s, a !erso a!!o#te*

to at # te !$ae o+ aoter. us a surrogate oter #s a oa o

'ears a #$* o 'ea$+ o+ aoter oa, e#ter +ro er o egg or +ro

te #!$atat#o # er o' o+ a +ert#$#8e* egg +ro oter oa.Aor*#g to te


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a%. e e!ort o+ te Co#ttee o+ @u#r% #to ?ua ert#$#8at#o a*

E'r%o$og% or te aro: e!ort (194) *e+#es surroga% as te

!rat#e ere'% oe oa arr#es a #$* +or aoter #t te #tet#o

tat te #$* sou$* 'e a*e* oer a+ter '#rt.

1.4 e


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I)'&, , repro'#/t&e to#r&*% 'e*t&),t&o)

1.7 oer#a$ surroga% agreeets, te surrogate oter eters

#to a agreeet #t te o#ss#o#g ou!$e or a s#g$e !aret to 'earte 'ur*e o+ !rega%. retur o+ er agree#g to arr% te ter o+ te

!rega%, se #s !a#* '% te o#ss#o#g aget +or tat. e usua$ +ee

#s arou* I25,000 to I30,000 # *#a # #s arou* 1/3r* o+ tat #

*ee$o!e* outr#es $#:e te SA. #s as a*e *#a a +aoura'$e

*est#at#o +or +ore#g ou!$es o $oo: +or a ost-e++et#e treatet +or

#+ert#$#t% a* a o$e 'ra o+ e*#a$ tour#s as +$our#se* o te

surrogate !rat#e. A #*ustr% #s o a 25,000 rore ru!ee !ot o+ go$*.

Aa*, a sa$$ to # =u&arat, as a@u#re* a *#st#t re!utat#o as a

!$ae +or outsour#g oer#a$ surroga%. t sees tat o's # *#a

are o ret # tras$ates #to 'a'#es +or +ore#gers a* *o$$ars +or *#a

surrogate oters.

Le5,; ,)' %or,; &**#e*

1. e ora$ #ssues asso#ate* #t surroga% are !rett% o'#ous, %et o+

a e%e-o!e#g ature. #s #$u*es te r#t##s tat surroga% $ea*s to

oo*#t#8at#o o+ te #$*, 'rea:s te 'o* 'etee te oter a* te

#$*, #ter+eres #t ature a* $ea*s to e>!$o#tat#o o+ !oor oe #

u*er*ee$o!e* outr#es o se$$ te#r 'o*#es +or oe%. Soet#es,

!s%o$og#a$ os#*erat#os a% oe # te a% o+ a suess+u$

surroga% arrageet.

1.9 As +ar as te $ega$#t% o+ te oe!t o+ surroga% #s oere* #t

ou$* 'e ort#$e to et#o tat Art#$e 16.1 o+ te Universal

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Declaration of Human Rights 1!" sa%s, inter alia, tat Je a* oe

o+ +u$$ age #tout a% $##tat#o *ue to rae, at#oa$#t% or re$#g#o ae

te r#gt to arr% a* +ou* a +a#$%K. e ;u*##ar% # *#a too as

reog#8e* te re!ro*ut#e r#gt o+ uas as a 'as# r#gt. or #stae,

# #. $. %arthasarthi v. Government of &ndhra %radesh1, te A*ra

ra*es ?#g Court u!e$* Jte r#gt o+ re!ro*ut#e autoo%K o+ a

#*##*ua$ as a +aet o+ #s Jr#gt to !r#a%K a* agree* #t te *e#s#o

o+ te S Su!ree Court # 'ac( T. )(inner v. )tate of *(lahoma2, #

arater#se* te r#gt to re!ro*ue as Joe o+ te 'as# ##$ r#gts o+

aK. Ee # 'aved v. )tate of Haryana3, toug te Su!ree Court

u!e$* te to $##g #$*re or to *e'ar a !erso +ro otest#g a

%anchayati Ra+ e$et#o #t re+ra#e* +ro stat#g tat te r#gt to

!roreat#o #s ot a 'as# ua r#gt.

1.10 No, #+ re!ro*ut#e r#gt gets ost#tut#oa$ !rotet#o, surroga%

# a$$os a #+ert#$e ou!$e to e>er#se tat r#gt a$so gets te sae

ost#tut#oa$ !rotet#o. ?oeer, &ur#s*#t#os # ar#ous outr#es ae

e$* *#++eret #es regar*#g te $ega$#8at#o o+ surroga%. Eg$a*,

surroga% arrageets are $ega$ a* te Surroga% Arrageets At

195 !ro#'#ts a*ert#s#g a* oter as!ets o+ oer#a$ surroga%.

te S a$so, oer#a$ surroga% sees !ro#'#te* # a% states. te

+aous #aby case4, te Ne ;erse% Su!ree Court, toug a$$oe*

usto*% to o#ss#o#g !arets # te J'est #terest o+ te #$*K, ae

to te o$us#o tat surroga% otrat #s aga#st !u'$# !o$#%. t ust

1 A 2000 A. . 1562 316 S 5353 (2003) SCC 3694 537 A.2* 1227

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'e ote* tat # te S, surroga% $as are *#++eret # *#++eret states.

1.11 + te 19 #aby case # te S +ore* a% to !ut o $ega$

t#:#g a!s, te tat %ear a$so sa Austra$#a 'att$#g #t so#eta$

eru!t#os oer te $ir(man sisters- case # #tor#a. L#*a #r:a

agree* to gestate te geet# #$* o+ er o$*er s#ster "agg#e. e 'a'%

g#r$, a$$e* A$#e, as a*e* oer to "agg#e a* er us'a* at '#rt.

#s s!ar:e* u ou#t% a* $ega$ *e'ate a* soo Austra$#a states

atte!te* to sett$e te $ega$ o!$#at#os # surroga%. No # Austra$#a,

oer#a$ surroga% #s #$$ega$, otrats # re$at#o to surroga%

arrageet ue+orea'$e a* a% !a%et +or so$##t#g a surroga%

arrageet #s #$$ega$.

Mot(er(oo' ,) e)&5%,

1.12 ?o surroga% a $ea* to a arra% o+ $ega$ o!$e>#t#es regar*#g

oteroo* as so '% 'aycee #. v. )uperior ourt 5. A #$* as 'or

to a surrogate oter us#g s!er a* eggs +ro ao%ous *oors

'eause te #+ert#$e ou!$e as ua'$e to reate te#r o e'r%o us#g

te # #tro +ert#$#8at#o te#@ues. e ou!$e ose to use ao%ous

*oors rater ta as:#g te surrogate to use er o eggs 'eause o+ te

#aby case # Ne ;erse% # # te surrogate a* eetua$$% re+use*

to a* oer te 'a'% sa%#g tat se as #ts '#o$og#a$ oter a* err#gt to ra#se te #$* !re-e!te* te o#ss#o#g !aretsG. e #$*

tus a* +#e !eo!$e o ou$* $a% $a# to !aretoo* a geet# oter,

a o#ss#o#g oter, a surrogate oter, a geet# +ater a* a

5 42 Ca$.A!!.4 71 (1996)

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o#ss#o#g +ater. Oe ot !r#or to te '#rt o+ te 'a'% ;a%ee te

#te*e* !arets ;o a* Luae se!arate* a* ;o sougt to res#* #s

o'$#gat#os u*er te surroga% otrat so as to ao#* a#g to !a% #$*-

su!!ort +or ;a%ee. Luae sougt 'ot usto*% a* su!!ort +ro er e>-

us'a*. e ourt 'att$e ot#ue* a* +or tree %ears ;a%ee *#* ot ae

a $ega$ !aret. A Ca$#+or#a ourt grate* te!orar% usto*% o+ te 'a'%

;a%ee to Luae a* or*ere* ;o to !a% +or #$*-su!!ort.

1.13 D#++eret outr#es ae ta:e *#++eret sta*s to a**ress t#s #ssue.

, te surrogate oter #s te $ega$ oter, vide set#o 27(1) o+ te

?ua ert#$#sat#o a* E'r%o$og% At 1990. Set#o 30 o+ te sa#* At

at te sae t#e !ro#*es tat #+ te surrogate oter osets to te #$*

to 'e treate* as te #$* o+ te o#ss#o#g !arets te ourt a% a:e

a !areta$ or*er to tat e++et. #s set#o a$so !ro#'#ts g##g or ta:#g

o+ oe% or oter 'ee+#t (oter ta e>!eses reasoa'$% #urre*) #

os#*erat#o o+ te a:#g o+ te or*er or a*#g oer o+ te #$*.

1.14 *#a, aor*#g to te Nat#oa$ =u#*e$#es +or Are*#tat#o,

Su!er#s#o a* egu$at#o o+ A C$##s, eo$e* # 2005 '% te *#a

Cou#$ o+ "e*#a$ esear (C") a* te Nat#oa$ Aa*e% o+

"e*#a$ S#ees (NA"S), te surrogate oter #s ot os#*ere* to 'e

te $ega$ oter. e '#rt ert#+#ate #s a*e # te ae o+ te geet#

!arets. e S !os#t#o as !er te =estat#oa$ Surroga% At 2004 #s

!rett% s##$ar to tat o+ *#a.

I)'&,) B,$1 M /,*e

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1.15 #aby an+i /amada v. Union of 0ndia6 oere*

!ro*ut#o/usto*% o+ a #$* "a Baa*a g#e '#rt '% a surrogate

oter # Aa*, =u&arat u*er a surroga% agreeet #t er etere*

#to '% Dr Bu:# Baa*a a* Dr :u+u# Baa*a o+ ;a!a. e s!er a*

oe +ro Dr :u+u# Baa*a, 'ut egg +ro a *oor, ot +ro Dr Bu:#

Baa*a. ere ere atr#o#a$ *#sor*s 'etee te o#ss#o#g

!arets. e geet# +ater Dr :u+u# Baa*a *es#re* to ta:e usto*% o+

te #$*, 'ut e a* to retur to ;a!a *ue to e>!#rat#o o+ #s #sa. e

"u##!a$#t% at Aa* #ssue* a '#rt ert#+#ate #*#at#g te ae o+ te

geet# +ater. e #$* as 'or o 25.07 200 a* oe* o

03.0.200 to Ar%a ?os!#ta$ # ;a#!ur +o$$o#g a $a a* or*er s#tuat#o

# =u&arat. e 'a'% as !ro#*e* #t u ee*e* are #$u*#g 'e#g

'reast+e* '% a oa.

1.16 e gra*oter o+ te 'a'% "a, "s E#:o Baa*a +$e +ro

;a!a to ta:e are o+ te #$* a* +#$e* a !et#t#o # te Su!ree Court

u*er art#$e 32 o+ te Cost#tut#o. e Court re$egate* er to te

Nat#oa$ Co#ss#o +or rotet#o o+ C#$* #gts ost#tute* u*er te

Co#ss#os +or rotet#o o+ C#$* #gts At 2005. $t#ate$%, 'a'%

"a $e+t +or ;a!a # te are o+ er geet# +ater a* gra*oter.

I*r,e;& 5,1 /o#p;e


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1.17 erea+ter as # te es te srae$# ga% ou!$eGs ase7. e ga%

ou!$e Boata a* Oer ou$* ot # srae$ a*o!t or ae a surrogate

oter. e% ae to "u'a#. Boata *oate* #s s!er. e%

se$ete* a surrogate.


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a $og a#t +or so a% %ears, te *#a Cou#$ o+ "e*#a$ esear

(C") as oe out #t a *ra+t Ass#ste* e!ro*ut#e eo$og%

(egu$at#o)


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$eg#t#ate #$* o+ te ou!$e or te s#g$e !erso, as te ase a% 'e. +

te o#ss#o#g ou!$e se!arates or gets *#ore* a+ter go#g +or

surroga% 'ut 'e+ore te #$* #s 'or, te a$so te #$* sa$$ 'e

os#*ere* to 'e te $eg#t#ate #$* o+ te ou!$e.

2.5 e


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re$eat $as # +ore.

III. SEMINAR ON SURROGACY BANE OR BOON<

3.1 A se#ar o JSurroga%


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3.2 e


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(#) at ou$* 'e te status o+ *#ore* '#o$og#a$

!arets # res!et o+ te usto*% o+ a surrogate #$*,

a*

(##) ou$* a '#o$og#a$ !aret/s 'e os#*ere* te $ega$

!aret o+ te surrogate #$*M

3.5 e asers *#susse* at te Se#ar ere

a) Surroga% # *#a #s $eg#t#ate 'eause o *#a $a

!ro#'#ts surroga%. o *eter#e te $ega$#t% o+

surroga% agreeets, te *#a Cotrat At ou$*

a!!$% a* terea+ter te e+orea'#$#t% o+ a% su

agreeet ou$* 'e #t# te *oa# o+ set#o 9 o+

te Co*e o+ C##$ roe*ure (CC). A$terat#e$%, te

'#o$og#a$ !aret/s a a$so oe a a!!$#at#o u*er

te =uar*#as a* ar*s At 190 +or see:#g a

or*er o+ a!!o#tet or a *e$arat#o as te guar*#a

o+ te surrogate #$*.

') te a'see o+ a% $a to goer surroga%, te

2005 =u#*e$#es a!!$%.


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('#o$og#a$) !arets. ?oeer, t#s a% ot 'e

!oss#'$e # ase o+ tose !arets o aot a*o!t #

*#a.

) *er Set#o 10 o+ te Cotrat At, a$$ agreeets

are otrats, #+ te% are a*e '% +ree oset o+

!art#es o!etet to otrat, +or a $a+u$

os#*erat#o a* #t a $a+u$ o'&et, a* are ot

e>!ress$% *e$are* to 'e o#*. ere+ore, #+ a%

surroga% agreeet sat#s+#es tese o*#t#os, #t #s a

e+orea'$e otrat. erea+ter, u*er set#o 9, CC,

#t a 'e te su'&et o+ a ##$ su#t 'e+ore a ##$ ourt

+or a*&u*#at#o o+ a$$ *#s!utes re$at#g to te

surroga% agreeet a* +or a *e$arat#o/#&ut#o

as to te re$#e+ !ra%e* +or.

*) As o+ to*a%, #t a% 'e state* tat a s#g$e or a ga%

!aret a 'e os#*ere* to 'e te usto*#a$ !aret '%

#rtue o+ 'e#g te geet# or '#o$og#a$ !aret o+ te

#$* 'or out o+ a surroga% arrageet. ;a!aese

'a'% "a Baa*aGs ase a* te srae$ ga% ou!$eGs

ase o +atere* te #$* # *#a are $ear e>a!$es

to esta'$#s tat t#s #s !oss#'$e. *er !aragra!

3.16.1 o+ te =u#*e$#es *ea$#g #t $eg#t#a% o+

#$*re 'or troug A (# as te 'as#s o+ te

$a# # te ;a!aese 'a'%Gs ase # te Su!ree

Court), t#s $a# a 'e a*e. ?oeer, o$% # a

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!et#t#o +or guar*#as#! u*er te =uar*#as a*

ar*s At a*/or # a su#t +or *e$arat#o # a ##$

ourt, te e>$us#e usto*#a$ r#gts a 'e a*&u*#ate*

'% a ourt o+ o!etet &ur#s*#t#o u!o a!!re#at#o

o+ e#*ee a* os#*er#g a$$ $a#s a*e # t#s

regar*.

e) Esset#a$$%, t#s #s a @uest#o # #$$ re@u#re

*eter#at#o # aor*ae #t te surroga%

agreeet 'etee te !art#es. ere ou$*

a!!aret$% 'e o 'ar to e#ter o+ te *#ore* !arets

$a##g usto*% o+ a surrogate #$* #+ te oter

!aret *oes ot $a# te sae. ?oeer, #+ te

usto*% #s oteste*, #t a% re@u#re a*&u*#at#o '% a

ourt o+ o!etet &ur#s*#t#o.

+) aser to t#s @uest#o #t a 'e state* tat te

'#o$og#a$ !arets ou$* 'e os#*ere* to 'e te $ega$

!arets o+ te #$* '% #rtue o+ te surroga%

agreeet e>eute* 'etee te a* te surrogate

oter. *er !aragra! 3.16.1 o+ te =u#*e$#es

*ea$#g #t $eg#t#a% o+ te #$* 'or troug

A, #t #s state* tat Ja #$* 'or troug A sa$$

'e !resue* to 'e te $eg#t#ate #$* o+ te ou!$e,

'or #t# e*$o:, #t oset o+ 'ot te s!ouses,

a* #t a$$ te atte*at r#gts o+ !aretage, su!!ort

a* #er#taeK. Ee # te 200 *ra+t


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u$es, a #$* 'or to a arr#e* ou!$e, a uarr#e*

ou!$e, a s#g$e !aret or a s#g$e a or oa, sa$$

'e te $eg#t#ate #$* o+ te ou!$e, a or oa,

as te ase a% 'e.

g) ?oeer, te oot @uest#o # a% ar#se +or

*eter#at#o #s as to eter a &u*##a$ er*#t

*eter##g r#gts o+ !art#es # a surroga%

arrageet #s esset#a$ # res!et o+ a +ore#g

'#o$og#a$ !aret o #ses to ta:e te surrogate

#$* to #s/er outr% o+ or#g# or !eraet

res#*ee. t a 'e sa#* tat e#ter a *e$arat#o +ro

a ##$ ourt a*/or a guar*#as#! or*er ougt to 'e a

ust to o$us#e$% esta'$#s te r#gts o+ a$$ !art#es

a* to !reet a% +uture *#sre!a#es ar#s#g #

res!et o+ a% $a#s tereto.

IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 Surroga% #o$es o+$#t o+ ar#ous #terests a* as #sruta'$e

#!at o te !r#ar% u#t o+ so#et% #8. +a#$%. No-#teret#o o+

$a # t#s :ott% #ssue #$$ ot 'e !ro!er at a t#e e $a #s to at as

ar*et *e+e*er o+ ua $#'ert% a* a #struet o+ *#str#'ut#o o+

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!os#t#e et#t$eets. At te sae t#e, !ro#'#t#o o ague ora$

grou*s #tout a !ro!er assesset o+ so#a$ e*s a* !ur!oses #

surroga% a sere ou$* 'e #rrat#oa$. At#e $eg#s$at#e #teret#o #s

re@u#re* to +a#$#tate orret uses o+ te e teo$og% #.e. A a*

re$#@u#s te oooe* a!!roa to $ega$#8at#o o+ surroga% a*o!te*

#terto. e ee* o+ te our #s to a*o!t a !ragat# a!!roa '%

$ega$#8#g a$tru#st# surroga% arrageets a* !ro#'#t oer#a$

oes.

4.2 e *ra+t


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2 A surroga% arrageet sou$* !ro#*e +or +#a#a$

su!!ort +or surrogate #$* # te eet o+ *eat o+ te

o#ss#o#g ou!$e or #*##*ua$ 'e+ore *e$#er% o+ te

#$*, or *#ore 'etee te #te*e* !arets a*

su'se@uet #$$#gess o+ oe to ta:e *e$#er% o+ te #$*.

3 A surroga% otrat sou$* eessar#$% ta:e are o+ $#+e

#surae oer +or surrogate oter.

4 Oe o+ te #te*e* !arets sou$* 'e a *oor as e$$,

'eause te 'o* o+ $oe a* a++et#o #t a #$* !r#ar#$%

eaates +ro '#o$og#a$ re$at#os#!. A$so, te aes o+

ar#ous :#*s o+ #$*-a'use, # ae 'ee ot#e* #

ases o+ a*o!t#os, #$$ 'e re*ue*. ase te #te*e*

!aret #s s#g$e, e or se sou$* 'e a *oor to 'e a'$e to

ae a surrogate #$*. Oter#se, a*o!t#o #s te a% to

ae a #$* # #s resorte* to #+ '#o$og#a$ (atura$)

!arets a* a*o!t#e !arets are *#++eret.

5 Leg#s$at#o #tse$+ sou$* reog#8e a surrogate #$* to 'e te

$eg#t#ate #$* o+ te o#ss#o#g !aret(s) #tout tere

'e#g a% ee* +or a*o!t#o or ee *e$arat#o o+ guar*#a.

6 e '#rt ert#+#ate o+ te surrogate #$* sou$* ota# te

ae(s) o+ te o#ss#o#g !aret(s) o$%.

7 #gt to !r#a% o+ *oor as e$$ as surrogate oter sou$*

'e !rotete*.

Se>-se$et#e surroga% sou$* 'e !ro#'#te*.

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9 Cases o+ a'ort#os sou$* 'e goere* '% te "e*#a$

er#at#o o+ rega% At 1971 o$%.

4.3 e reoe* aor*#g$%.

(Dr ;ust#e A. La:saa)

Ca#ra

(ro+. Dr a#r "aoo*) (Dr

Documents

Law Commission Report No. 228- Need for Legislation to Regulate Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinics as Well as Rights and Obligations of Parties to a Surrogacy