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LAVIS III Language acquisition and social integration of Hispanics in NE Mississippi. Patricia M. Lestrade Mississippi State University. Effects of Immigration Laws. 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) Amnesty Provision in IRCA 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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LAVIS IIILAVIS IIILanguage acquisition and Language acquisition and
social integration of social integration of Hispanics in NE MississippiHispanics in NE Mississippi
Patricia M. LestradePatricia M. Lestrade
Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State University
Effects of Immigration LawsEffects of Immigration Laws
1986 Immigration Reform and Control 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)Act (IRCA)
Amnesty Provision in IRCAAmnesty Provision in IRCA
1994 North American Free Trade 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)Agreement (NAFTA)
Purposes of studyPurposes of study
Hispanic demographicsHispanic demographics
Hispanic opinions about life in MSHispanic opinions about life in MS
Language acquisition and use Language acquisition and use
V
VI
IV
III
I
II
NE Mississippi
20 counties
Tupelo
Starkville
Eupora
Questionnaire in TupeloQuestionnaire in Tupelo(54 volunteers)(54 volunteers)
31 Interviews in Eupora, Starkville, 31 Interviews in Eupora, Starkville,
and Tupeloand Tupelo
II
Population 34,400
500 Latinos
Starkville
Population 22,000
300 Latinos
Eupora
Population 2,300
90 Latinos
Demographic resultsDemographic results(85 informants)(85 informants)
Young: Average age 29.5Young: Average age 29.5
70% married; 90% live with family70% married; 90% live with family
54%: 8-12 yrs of school54%: 8-12 yrs of school
35%: 1-6 years of school35%: 1-6 years of school
<10% speak English well <10% speak English well
Number of Years in Mississippi
0
10
20
30
<=1 2 3-4 5-7 8-13 >13
Years
Res
pond
ents
Interviews
Questionnaires
Language Use
0
25
50
At home At work With boss
Res
pond
ents
Spanish
English
Services to Hispanics in NE Mississippi
• Churches: Spanish services and English classes• Community college: English classes• Established Latino residents
Self-Evaluation of English Proficiency
0
10
20
“understandand speak
well”
“understandwell and make
myselfunderstood”
“understandand speak a
little”
“understandmore or less”
Res
po
nd
ents
Poor course attendancePoor course attendance
Teachers do not speak SpanishTeachers do not speak Spanish
Vocabulary inappropriateVocabulary inappropriate
SchedulingScheduling
All classes very elementaryAll classes very elementary
Television as language aidTelevision as language aid
40 of 54 have satellite access40 of 54 have satellite access
Only 20 of 40 watch any English Only 20 of 40 watch any English language programminglanguage programming
7 of 14 without satellite never watch 7 of 14 without satellite never watch televisiontelevision
English at workEnglish at work
Repetition by customersRepetition by customers
Gestures and paralinguistic cuesGestures and paralinguistic cues
Bilingual or sympathetic co-workersBilingual or sympathetic co-workers
Away from workAway from work
Avoid asking questionsAvoid asking questions
Watch cash register totalsWatch cash register totals
Point to menu itemsPoint to menu items
Go out with someone who speaks Go out with someone who speaks EnglishEnglish
Living in MississippiLiving in Mississippi
Why Mississippi? Why Mississippi?
Work, cost of living, safetyWork, cost of living, safety
Language problem?Language problem?
Racism? Not like the SouthwestRacism? Not like the Southwest
Factors in favor of language Factors in favor of language maintenancemaintenance
Cultural transmissionCultural transmission
Identity markerIdentity marker
Support for Spanish in the communitySupport for Spanish in the community
Growing popularity of SpanishGrowing popularity of Spanish
Limited English acquisitionLimited English acquisition
Factors favoring language shiftFactors favoring language shift
Distance from borderDistance from border
Dispersion of MS LatinosDispersion of MS Latinos
Need to communicateNeed to communicate
Desire for economic success Desire for economic success
Challenges for MississippiChallenges for Mississippi
Social and economic integrationSocial and economic integration
Information disseminationInformation dissemination
Education for Latino advocacyEducation for Latino advocacy
TranslatorsTranslators
Language educators: Spanish and Language educators: Spanish and English as a Second LanguageEnglish as a Second Language
Maintenance of economic growthMaintenance of economic growth
SummarySummary
Demographics follow US patterns Demographics follow US patterns
Very recent Latino arrivalVery recent Latino arrival
Mostly first generation Mostly first generation
Positive climate for SpanishPositive climate for Spanish
MS unprepared to meet needsMS unprepared to meet needs