LAURIER LAURIER SETTLING THE WESTSETTLING THE WEST

ELECTION OF 1900ELECTION OF 1900 THE ISSUES SINCE 1896 WERE:THE ISSUES SINCE 1896 WERE: THE MANITOBA SCHOOLS ACT THE MANITOBA SCHOOLS ACT THE ALASKA BOUNDARY DISPUTETHE ALASKA BOUNDARY DISPUTE IMPERIAL PREFERENCE IMPERIAL PREFERENCE CONTINUING THE NATIONAL POLICYCONTINUING THE NATIONAL POLICY CONTINUATION OF RWY CONSTRUCTIONCONTINUATION OF RWY CONSTRUCTION THE ECONOMIC BOOM THE ECONOMIC BOOM THE BOER WAR ETCTHE BOER WAR ETC ALL WERE SOLVED WITH COMPROMISE OR WERE ALL WERE SOLVED WITH COMPROMISE OR WERE

NOT COMPLETELY CONTROVERSIAL IN 1900NOT COMPLETELY CONTROVERSIAL IN 1900 LAURIER’S CANADA FIRST POLICY SEES HIM TO LAURIER’S CANADA FIRST POLICY SEES HIM TO

VICTORY WITH 128-78-8VICTORY WITH 128-78-8

LAURIER’S LOSSESLAURIER’S LOSSES

ANDREW BLAIR RWY AND CANALS ANDREW BLAIR RWY AND CANALS MINISTERMINISTER

HENRI BOURASSAHENRI BOURASSA

STUDENTS NOW READ PAGES 287-292 AND STUDENTS NOW READ PAGES 287-292 AND ANSWER QUESTION SHEET ON ANSWER QUESTION SHEET ON IMMIGRATIONIMMIGRATION

WHEN DONE GO OVER QUESTIONSWHEN DONE GO OVER QUESTIONS

QUESTIONS ON IMMIGRATIONQUESTIONS ON IMMIGRATION1.1. WHY DID THE UNPRECEDENTED WHY DID THE UNPRECEDENTED

GROWTH THAT OCCURRED IN THE GROWTH THAT OCCURRED IN THE UNITED STATES BETWEEN 1865-UNITED STATES BETWEEN 1865-1900, HINDER DEVELOPMENT WITHIN 1900, HINDER DEVELOPMENT WITHIN CANADA? THIS HELPED LEAD TO CANADA? THIS HELPED LEAD TO THE INFERIORITY COMPLEX THE INFERIORITY COMPLEX CANADIANS SUFFER FROM WHEN CANADIANS SUFFER FROM WHEN COMPARING OURSELVES TO OUR COMPARING OURSELVES TO OUR SOUTHERN NEIGHBORS. DOES THIS SOUTHERN NEIGHBORS. DOES THIS FEELING STILL EXIST TODAY??FEELING STILL EXIST TODAY??

ANSWER QUE 1ANSWER QUE 1 US GROWTH BRINGS PEOPLE IN THE THOUSANDS. US GROWTH BRINGS PEOPLE IN THE THOUSANDS.

FEW COME HERE AS NOT AS HOSPITABLE, NOR FEW COME HERE AS NOT AS HOSPITABLE, NOR WEALTHYWEALTHY

WHEN YOU LIVE NEXT TO GIANT YOU ARE OFTEN WHEN YOU LIVE NEXT TO GIANT YOU ARE OFTEN OVERLOOKEDOVERLOOKED

EVEN TODAY WE FEEL WEAK NOT BECAUSE WE EVEN TODAY WE FEEL WEAK NOT BECAUSE WE ARE, BUT BECAUSE COMPARED TO US WE ARE ARE, BUT BECAUSE COMPARED TO US WE ARE SMALLSMALL

TO MAKE IT BIG AS CANADIAN WE MUST BE TO MAKE IT BIG AS CANADIAN WE MUST BE SUCCESSFUL IN US. THINK SPORTS, MUSIC, TV SUCCESSFUL IN US. THINK SPORTS, MUSIC, TV ETC.ETC.

2. 2. DESCRIBE THE POTENTIAL THAT DESCRIBE THE POTENTIAL THAT EXISTED IN 1896 TO EXPAND THE EXISTED IN 1896 TO EXPAND THE CANADIAN SHARE OF THE GLOBAL CANADIAN SHARE OF THE GLOBAL WHEAT MARKET? WHAT FACTORS WHEAT MARKET? WHAT FACTORS GUARANTEED THAT CANADA COULD GUARANTEED THAT CANADA COULD BECOME A MAJOR EXPORTER OF BECOME A MAJOR EXPORTER OF WHEAT?WHEAT?

ANSWER QUE 2ANSWER QUE 2 THE POTENTIAL FOR CANADIAN WHEAT EXPORT THE POTENTIAL FOR CANADIAN WHEAT EXPORT

WAS IMMENSE. WAS IMMENSE.

HUGE TRACTS OF FERTILE LAND THAT COULD HUGE TRACTS OF FERTILE LAND THAT COULD RIVAL THE BEST WHEAT HARVESTS IN THE WORLDRIVAL THE BEST WHEAT HARVESTS IN THE WORLD

PLUS VERY SMALL DOMESTIC POPULATION SO PLUS VERY SMALL DOMESTIC POPULATION SO COULD EXPORT THIS WHEATCOULD EXPORT THIS WHEAT

PROBLEM WAS THAT IN 1897 ONLY 22,000 PEOPLE PROBLEM WAS THAT IN 1897 ONLY 22,000 PEOPLE LIVED ON THE LAND.LIVED ON THE LAND.

NEED PEOPLE ON THE LAND TO FARM THE LANDNEED PEOPLE ON THE LAND TO FARM THE LAND

THIS INCREASE IN PRODUCTIVITY WOULD THIS INCREASE IN PRODUCTIVITY WOULD ESTABLISH WEALTH, INDEPENDENCE, AND ESTABLISH WEALTH, INDEPENDENCE, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.

3. 3. WHO WAS CLIFFORD SIFTON? WHAT WHO WAS CLIFFORD SIFTON? WHAT ROLE IS HE TO PLAY IN CANADIAN ROLE IS HE TO PLAY IN CANADIAN HISTORY?HISTORY?

4. SIFTON ADVERTISED CANADA’S 4. SIFTON ADVERTISED CANADA’S WEST AS “THE LAST, BEST WEST”. WEST AS “THE LAST, BEST WEST”. WHAT DO YOU THINK HE MEANT BY WHAT DO YOU THINK HE MEANT BY THIS? DO YOU THINK IT WAS THIS? DO YOU THINK IT WAS ENTIRELY ACCURATE? WAS THE ENTIRELY ACCURATE? WAS THE CAMPAIGN SUCCESSFUL?CAMPAIGN SUCCESSFUL?

ANSWER QUE 3 ANSWER QUE 3 CLIFFORD SIFTON WAS LAURIER’S MINISTER OF CLIFFORD SIFTON WAS LAURIER’S MINISTER OF

INTERIOR. INTERIOR.

AS MINISTER OF INTERIOR HIS JOB WAS TO AS MINISTER OF INTERIOR HIS JOB WAS TO SETTLE THE WESTSETTLE THE WEST

HE IS THE ONE WHO BRINGS OVER THE HE IS THE ONE WHO BRINGS OVER THE IMMIGRANTS IN THE THOUSANDSIMMIGRANTS IN THE THOUSANDS

HE DEVELOPS CANADIAN WEST, AND HELPS HE DEVELOPS CANADIAN WEST, AND HELPS ESTABLISH A COUNTRY FROM EAST TO WEST.ESTABLISH A COUNTRY FROM EAST TO WEST.

HE ALSO ESTABLISHES THE MULTICULTURALISM HE ALSO ESTABLISHES THE MULTICULTURALISM AS HE DID NOT CARE IF NEW IMMIGRANTS WERE AS HE DID NOT CARE IF NEW IMMIGRANTS WERE FROM WESTERN EUROPE OR EASTERN EUROPE.FROM WESTERN EUROPE OR EASTERN EUROPE.

RATHER THAN WASPS, HE WANTED FARMERS.RATHER THAN WASPS, HE WANTED FARMERS.

ANSWER QUE 4ANSWER QUE 4

LAST BEST WEST MEANT THAT OUR WEST STILL LAST BEST WEST MEANT THAT OUR WEST STILL OPEN FOR IMMIGRATION WHILE THE US WAS NOW OPEN FOR IMMIGRATION WHILE THE US WAS NOW OFFICIALLY FILLED UP AND CLOSEDOFFICIALLY FILLED UP AND CLOSED

IN THIS IT WAS ACCURATE, AS FOR BEST, IN THIS IT WAS ACCURATE, AS FOR BEST, PERHAPS NOT ENTIRELY TRUE BUT THE LAND PERHAPS NOT ENTIRELY TRUE BUT THE LAND WAS VERY FERTILE, IF UNFORGIVING.WAS VERY FERTILE, IF UNFORGIVING.

THE CAMPAIGN AND PROMISES MADE TO THE THE CAMPAIGN AND PROMISES MADE TO THE EUROPEANS WERE SUCCESSFUL IN BRINGING EUROPEANS WERE SUCCESSFUL IN BRINGING OVER THOUSANDS OF IMMIGRANTS, SO YOU OVER THOUSANDS OF IMMIGRANTS, SO YOU MUST SAY YES IT WAS SUCCESSMUST SAY YES IT WAS SUCCESS

5. 5. SIFTON WAS OFTEN QUOTED AS SAYING SIFTON WAS OFTEN QUOTED AS SAYING HE WANTED IMMIGRANTS THAT WERE HE WANTED IMMIGRANTS THAT WERE “STALWART PEASANTS IN SHEEP-SKIN “STALWART PEASANTS IN SHEEP-SKIN COATS, BORN ON THE SOIL, WHOSE COATS, BORN ON THE SOIL, WHOSE FOREFATHERS HAVE BEEN FARMERS FOREFATHERS HAVE BEEN FARMERS FOR TEN GENERATIONS, WITH A STOUT FOR TEN GENERATIONS, WITH A STOUT WIFE, AND A HALF DOZEN CHILDREN…” WIFE, AND A HALF DOZEN CHILDREN…” WHAT DOES SIFTON SEE AS THE VIRTUES WHAT DOES SIFTON SEE AS THE VIRTUES OF THESE PEOPLE? WHERE WAS HE OF THESE PEOPLE? WHERE WAS HE LIKELY TO FIND SUCH PEOPLE? DO YOU LIKELY TO FIND SUCH PEOPLE? DO YOU THINK THESE WERE THE PEOPLE CANADA THINK THESE WERE THE PEOPLE CANADA NEEDED?NEEDED?

ANSWER QUE 5ANSWER QUE 5

THESE PEOPLE WERE THE HARDWORKING PEASANT THESE PEOPLE WERE THE HARDWORKING PEASANT CLASS OF EASTERN EUROPECLASS OF EASTERN EUROPE

THEY ARE USED TO WORKING HARD LONG HOURSTHEY ARE USED TO WORKING HARD LONG HOURS

THEY ARE WILLING TO WORK FOR THEIR OWN FUTURE THEY ARE WILLING TO WORK FOR THEIR OWN FUTURE SUCCESSSUCCESS

THEY WOULD BE USED TO LIVING IN QUESTIONABLE THEY WOULD BE USED TO LIVING IN QUESTIONABLE CONDITIONS UNTIL THEY COULD PROSPERCONDITIONS UNTIL THEY COULD PROSPER

THEY WERE EXACTLY WHAT THE WEST NEEDED. HARD THEY WERE EXACTLY WHAT THE WEST NEEDED. HARD WORKERS TO DEVELOP, AND LARGE FAMILIES TO WORKERS TO DEVELOP, AND LARGE FAMILIES TO POPULATEPOPULATE

BY ALLOWING THEM TO KEEP TRADITIONS, AND BY ALLOWING THEM TO KEEP TRADITIONS, AND CULTURE, WE BECAME THE MOSAIC.CULTURE, WE BECAME THE MOSAIC.

6. 6. LOOKING AT THE POPULATION LOOKING AT THE POPULATION EXPLOSION THAT OCCURRED IN EXPLOSION THAT OCCURRED IN THE WEST BETWEEN 1896-1915 YOU THE WEST BETWEEN 1896-1915 YOU WOULD HAVE TO SAY THAT IN WOULD HAVE TO SAY THAT IN TERMS OF SETTLING THE WEST, TERMS OF SETTLING THE WEST, LAURIER AND SIFTON WERE LAURIER AND SIFTON WERE SUCCESSFUL. HOWEVER, WHAT SUCCESSFUL. HOWEVER, WHAT SORTS OF DRAMATIC CHANGES SORTS OF DRAMATIC CHANGES WERE WROUGHT WITH THE SUDDEN WERE WROUGHT WITH THE SUDDEN INFLUX OF SO MANY “PEASANTS INFLUX OF SO MANY “PEASANTS WITH SHEEP SKIN COATS”?WITH SHEEP SKIN COATS”?

ANSWER QUE 6ANSWER QUE 6

CANADIAN MOSAICCANADIAN MOSAIC

CHALLENGE TO DEMOGRAPHICSCHALLENGE TO DEMOGRAPHICS

RACISMRACISM

LANGUAGE DIVISION INCREASELANGUAGE DIVISION INCREASE

PROBLEMS FOR SCHOOLING ISSUES IN WESTPROBLEMS FOR SCHOOLING ISSUES IN WEST

7. LIST SOME OF THE MINORITY 7. LIST SOME OF THE MINORITY GROUPS THAT CAME FROM GROUPS THAT CAME FROM EUROPE. INDICATE WHERE THEY EUROPE. INDICATE WHERE THEY CAME FROM, AND FOR WHAT CAME FROM, AND FOR WHAT REASON THEY CHOSE TO COME TO REASON THEY CHOSE TO COME TO CANADA?CANADA?

ANSWER QUE 7ANSWER QUE 7

MENNONITES: 1870’S GERMAN MENNONITES: 1870’S GERMAN PROTESTANTS FROM RUSSIA. THEY CAME PROTESTANTS FROM RUSSIA. THEY CAME HERE BECAUSE OF SOME PERSECUTION IN HERE BECAUSE OF SOME PERSECUTION IN RUSSIAN RELIGION MIX, AND TO AVOID RUSSIAN RELIGION MIX, AND TO AVOID MILITARY SERVICE IN CZARIST RUSSIAMILITARY SERVICE IN CZARIST RUSSIA

ICELANDERS: CAME IN 1840’S AFTER ICELANDERS: CAME IN 1840’S AFTER ERUPTION IN ICELAND HINDERED FOOD ERUPTION IN ICELAND HINDERED FOOD PRODUCTION. THEY SETTLED IN PRODUCTION. THEY SETTLED IN MANITOBA AND BECAME LAKE FISHERMEN. MANITOBA AND BECAME LAKE FISHERMEN. GIMLI IS SETTLEMENTGIMLI IS SETTLEMENT

JEWS: 1880’S FLEEING ALMOST ALL JEWS: 1880’S FLEEING ALMOST ALL OF EUROPE. POGROMS POWERFUL OF EUROPE. POGROMS POWERFUL AT THIS TIME SO FOR RELIGIOUS AT THIS TIME SO FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM MANY LEFT.FREEDOM MANY LEFT.

UKRAINIANS: 1890’S CAME FROM UKRAINIANS: 1890’S CAME FROM RUSSIA. THEY ARE GREAT FARMING RUSSIA. THEY ARE GREAT FARMING CLASS. MOVE FROM THE RUSSIAN CLASS. MOVE FROM THE RUSSIAN BREADBASKET TO THE CANADIANBREADBASKET TO THE CANADIAN

DOUKHOBORS: FROM RUSSIA. TO DOUKHOBORS: FROM RUSSIA. TO AVOID MILITARY SERVICEAVOID MILITARY SERVICE

CLIFFORD SIFTON

LAURIER’S MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR, AND FATHER OF THE CANADIAN MOSAIC

ADD FOR WORKERS SHOWSNEED FOR MEN AND ATTEMPTTO GET THEM FROM USA

ADD FOR CANADIAN LAND IN EUROPE.

THE LAST BEST WEST ADTHAT APPEARED ACROSSUSA AND EUROPE

THE FAMOUS SODDY HOUSE MOST EARLY IMMIGRANTS BUILT

THE NEW CANADA 1905

CANADIANIZATION OF CANADACANADIANIZATION OF CANADA

IMPERIAL CONFERENCE FOR QUEEN VICTORIA’S DIAMOND IMPERIAL CONFERENCE FOR QUEEN VICTORIA’S DIAMOND JUBILEEJUBILEE

BOER WAR COMPROMISEBOER WAR COMPROMISE

ALASKA BOUNDARY DISPUTEALASKA BOUNDARY DISPUTE

IMMIGRATION DECREASES BRITISH SENTIMENT WITH NEW IMMIGRATION DECREASES BRITISH SENTIMENT WITH NEW IMMIGRANTSIMMIGRANTS

1904 MILITIA ACT STATES HEAD OF CDN MILITIA MUST BE 1904 MILITIA ACT STATES HEAD OF CDN MILITIA MUST BE CANADIAN. (REMEMBER HUTTON)CANADIAN. (REMEMBER HUTTON)

DIDN’T GO TOO FAR AS WARNED BY BR THAT FULL DIDN’T GO TOO FAR AS WARNED BY BR THAT FULL INDEPENDENCE MEANT NO BRITISH SUPPORTINDEPENDENCE MEANT NO BRITISH SUPPORT

1900 ELECTION1900 ELECTION 1896 LAURIER’S COMPROMISES HAD DONE FINE.1896 LAURIER’S COMPROMISES HAD DONE FINE.

THE ISSUES SINCE 1896 WERE THE MANITOBA SCHOOLS ACTTHE ISSUES SINCE 1896 WERE THE MANITOBA SCHOOLS ACT

THE ALASKA BOUNDARY DISPUTETHE ALASKA BOUNDARY DISPUTE

IMPERIAL PREFERENCE AND CONTINUING THE NATIONAL POLICYIMPERIAL PREFERENCE AND CONTINUING THE NATIONAL POLICY

CONTINUATION OF RAILWAY CONSTRUCTIONCONTINUATION OF RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION

THE ECONOMIC BOOMTHE ECONOMIC BOOM

THE BOER WAR ETCTHE BOER WAR ETC

CHARLES TUPPER COULD OFFER LITTLE IN OPPOSITION AS CHARLES TUPPER COULD OFFER LITTLE IN OPPOSITION AS LAURIER WAS CANADA FIRST BUT LUKEWARM IMPERIALISTLAURIER WAS CANADA FIRST BUT LUKEWARM IMPERIALIST

128-78-8 LIBERAL VICTORY, LAURIER’S SECOND MAJORITY128-78-8 LIBERAL VICTORY, LAURIER’S SECOND MAJORITY

1904 ELECTION 1904 ELECTION (More of the Same)(More of the Same)

ECONOMY GOOD BECAUSE OF RWY BOOMECONOMY GOOD BECAUSE OF RWY BOOM

ECONOMIC BOOM FROM SETTLEMENT OF WEST, ECONOMIC BOOM FROM SETTLEMENT OF WEST, HARDROCK MINING ETCHARDROCK MINING ETC

CDN FIRST POLICY AND COMP STILL WINNINGCDN FIRST POLICY AND COMP STILL WINNING

NEW IMMIGRANTS SUPPORT LAURIERNEW IMMIGRANTS SUPPORT LAURIER

FACES NEW CONSERVATIVE LEADER ROBERT BORDENFACES NEW CONSERVATIVE LEADER ROBERT BORDEN

QUE, WEST VERY PRO LAURIER. LOSES ONTARIO BY TENQUE, WEST VERY PRO LAURIER. LOSES ONTARIO BY TEN

139-75 VICTORY FOR LAURIER. THIRD MAJORITY IN A ROW139-75 VICTORY FOR LAURIER. THIRD MAJORITY IN A ROW

THE WESTTHE WEST 1905 POPULATION OF WEST WARRANTED PROVS.1905 POPULATION OF WEST WARRANTED PROVS.

ALTA AND SASK CREATED (AUTONOMY BILLS OF 1905)ALTA AND SASK CREATED (AUTONOMY BILLS OF 1905)

BUFFALO? LAND TO BC/MANITOBA? SPLIT NORTH SOUTH? BUFFALO? LAND TO BC/MANITOBA? SPLIT NORTH SOUTH? SPLIT EAST WEST?SPLIT EAST WEST?

WENT EAST WEST SPLIT TO BASICALLY TODAYWENT EAST WEST SPLIT TO BASICALLY TODAY

REP IN HOUSE AND SENATE, FEDS CONTROL NATURAL REP IN HOUSE AND SENATE, FEDS CONTROL NATURAL RESOURCES, SUBSIDY BASED ON POPULATION. NO DEBTRESOURCES, SUBSIDY BASED ON POPULATION. NO DEBT

SCHOOLING BIGGER ISSUE. NORTH-WEST SCHOOLS ACT SCHOOLING BIGGER ISSUE. NORTH-WEST SCHOOLS ACT (1875) CALLED FOR ENGLISH AND FRENCH SCHOOLS. NO (1875) CALLED FOR ENGLISH AND FRENCH SCHOOLS. NO ONE THERE FRENCH, SO MANY SAID WASTE OF MONEYONE THERE FRENCH, SO MANY SAID WASTE OF MONEY

CLIFFORD SIFTON CALLS FOR THEIR REMOVALCLIFFORD SIFTON CALLS FOR THEIR REMOVAL

ORIGINALLY LAURIER DOES NOT ACT, SO SIFTON ORIGINALLY LAURIER DOES NOT ACT, SO SIFTON LEAVES GOV’TLEAVES GOV’T

EVENTUALLY COMP SIMILAR TO MANITOBA, BUT EVENTUALLY COMP SIMILAR TO MANITOBA, BUT TOO LATE TO APPEASE SIFTON TOO LATE TO APPEASE SIFTON

SIFTON FELT LAURIER KOWTOWING TO SIFTON FELT LAURIER KOWTOWING TO CATHOLICS AND FRENCHCATHOLICS AND FRENCH

BOURASSA LEFT BECAUSE TOO ENGLISH, SIFTON BOURASSA LEFT BECAUSE TOO ENGLISH, SIFTON BECAUSE TOO FRENCH. DAYS OF BECAUSE TOO FRENCH. DAYS OF COMPROMISING RUNNING OUT FOR LAURIERCOMPROMISING RUNNING OUT FOR LAURIER

FURTHER STEPS TO FURTHER STEPS TO NATIONHOODNATIONHOOD

1907 JOSEPH POPE UNDER SECRETARY FOR LAURIER1907 JOSEPH POPE UNDER SECRETARY FOR LAURIER

HE HAD BEEN IN OFFICE SINCE 1891HE HAD BEEN IN OFFICE SINCE 1891

AFTER ALASKA HE BEGAN TO AGREE THAT CANADA AFTER ALASKA HE BEGAN TO AGREE THAT CANADA NEEDED FOREIGN RELATIONS CONTROLNEEDED FOREIGN RELATIONS CONTROL

1907 CANADA TRYING TO NEGOTIATE JAPANESE 1907 CANADA TRYING TO NEGOTIATE JAPANESE IMMIGRATION TREATY, BUT BRITAIN TAKING A LONG TIME IMMIGRATION TREATY, BUT BRITAIN TAKING A LONG TIME AS MORE CONCERNED WITH GERMANYAS MORE CONCERNED WITH GERMANY

1909 LAURIER FOUNDS DEPT OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS. 1909 LAURIER FOUNDS DEPT OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS. MODEST AT FIRST, COPY DOCUMENTS FOR CANADA ETC.MODEST AT FIRST, COPY DOCUMENTS FOR CANADA ETC.

BRITAIN STILL THE SIGNATORY POWER. POPE IN CHARGEBRITAIN STILL THE SIGNATORY POWER. POPE IN CHARGE

Sir Joseph Pope: first under-secretary of the Department of External Affairs

1909 JOINT COMMISSION TO LOOK AT 1909 JOINT COMMISSION TO LOOK AT OUTSTANDING CANADIAN AND AMERICAN OUTSTANDING CANADIAN AND AMERICAN BILATERAL ISSUESBILATERAL ISSUES

BRITAIN TO SIGN, BUT WE NEGOTIATEBRITAIN TO SIGN, BUT WE NEGOTIATE

THIS SHOWS USA ACCEPTANCE, AS WELL THIS SHOWS USA ACCEPTANCE, AS WELL AS BRITISH THAT WE HAVE OWN VOICEAS BRITISH THAT WE HAVE OWN VOICE

FIRST ISSUE WAS BORDERS, AND FIRST ISSUE WAS BORDERS, AND WATERWAYS. THREE YANKS, THREE WATERWAYS. THREE YANKS, THREE CANUCKS, NO BRITS. MAJOR STEP UPCANUCKS, NO BRITS. MAJOR STEP UP

NAVAL ISSUENAVAL ISSUE 1907 BRITISH IMPERIAL CONFERENCE1907 BRITISH IMPERIAL CONFERENCE

LAURIER SENIOR STATESMAN FROM FIRSTLAURIER SENIOR STATESMAN FROM FIRST

BRITISH WANT MONEY FOR NAVYBRITISH WANT MONEY FOR NAVY

LAURIER BALKS AS SEES THIS AS STEP BACKLAURIER BALKS AS SEES THIS AS STEP BACK

BRITISH SAY NEED HELP AS LOSING NAVAL RACE TO BRITISH SAY NEED HELP AS LOSING NAVAL RACE TO GERMANS. DREADNOUGHT CLASS EXPENSIVE, NEED HELP GERMANS. DREADNOUGHT CLASS EXPENSIVE, NEED HELP FROM COLONIES. ENGLISH CANADA YES, FRENCH CAN NOFROM COLONIES. ENGLISH CANADA YES, FRENCH CAN NO

LORD FISHER WANTS PREEMPTIVE STRIKE AGAINST LORD FISHER WANTS PREEMPTIVE STRIKE AGAINST GERMANY, BUT KING EDWARD VII REFUSES FEARING WARGERMANY, BUT KING EDWARD VII REFUSES FEARING WAR

LORD FISHER ADMIRAL OF THEFLEET

WINSTON CHURCHILL (CENTER) ASFIRST LORD OF THE ADMIRALTY

HMS DREADNOUGHTHMS DREADNOUGHT

1909 CHURCHILL ANNOUNCES TO HOUSE THAT IN 1909 CHURCHILL ANNOUNCES TO HOUSE THAT IN 3 YEARS CONTROL OF SEAS MAY BE LOST3 YEARS CONTROL OF SEAS MAY BE LOST

FISHER RECALLS SHIPS FROM ALL OVER EMPIRE FISHER RECALLS SHIPS FROM ALL OVER EMPIRE FOR DEFENSEFOR DEFENSE

LAURIER SEES HIS OUT, WHY NOT HAVE CDN LAURIER SEES HIS OUT, WHY NOT HAVE CDN NAVY HERE SO BRITISH NAVY CAN GO TO EUROPENAVY HERE SO BRITISH NAVY CAN GO TO EUROPE

PROBLEM WE HAVE NO SHIPS, SO LET’S BUY THEM PROBLEM WE HAVE NO SHIPS, SO LET’S BUY THEM FROM BRITAINFROM BRITAIN

WE PAY GOOD MONEY FOR BAD SHIPS!WE PAY GOOD MONEY FOR BAD SHIPS!

BRITAIN GETS MONEY FOR NAVY, WE GET OWN BRITAIN GETS MONEY FOR NAVY, WE GET OWN NAVY SO EVERYONE HAPPY? NO ONE HAPPY THIS NAVY SO EVERYONE HAPPY? NO ONE HAPPY THIS TIMETIME

QUE SEES THIS AS GIVING MONEY TO BRITAIN FOR QUE SEES THIS AS GIVING MONEY TO BRITAIN FOR IMPERIALISM, WHILE CANADA SEES THIS AS TIN IMPERIALISM, WHILE CANADA SEES THIS AS TIN POT NAVY THAT SUCKSPOT NAVY THAT SUCKS

IN END NEITHER SHIP SEES REAL ACTION IN WWI, IN END NEITHER SHIP SEES REAL ACTION IN WWI, BOTH SCRAPPED BY 1916BOTH SCRAPPED BY 1916

RICHARD MCBRIDE BUYS THREE OLD USA SUBS RICHARD MCBRIDE BUYS THREE OLD USA SUBS TO CONTRIBUTE AND THE CDN NAVY IS BORNTO CONTRIBUTE AND THE CDN NAVY IS BORN

AT FIRST DEAL WITH BORDEN AND SUPPORT IN AT FIRST DEAL WITH BORDEN AND SUPPORT IN HOUSE. AS IMPERIALISTS REACT AGAINST THE HOUSE. AS IMPERIALISTS REACT AGAINST THE NAVAL BILL BORDEN TURNS AGAINST TO GET AN NAVAL BILL BORDEN TURNS AGAINST TO GET AN ISSUE TO FIGHT LAURIER WITHISSUE TO FIGHT LAURIER WITH

HMCS RAINBOW 1910

HMCS NIOBE 1911

CANADIAN SUBMARINE FLEETBC CIRCA 1914 AND THE MAN WHO FOUNDED THE CANADIAN SUBMARINE FLEET

WOMAN’S MOVEMENTWOMAN’S MOVEMENT

NEW WOMAN MOVEMENT, AN OFFSHOOT NEW WOMAN MOVEMENT, AN OFFSHOOT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

WOMEN BEGAN TO DEMAND RIGHTS WOMEN BEGAN TO DEMAND RIGHTS (BICYCLE A MAJOR FACTOR?)(BICYCLE A MAJOR FACTOR?)

WCTU ALSO A FACTORWCTU ALSO A FACTOR

CANADIAN SUFFRAGETTES LIKE EMILY CANADIAN SUFFRAGETTES LIKE EMILY MURPHY (SHE’S A REAL PERSON JANEY MURPHY (SHE’S A REAL PERSON JANEY CANUCK BOOKS), NELLIE MCCLUNG (PLAY)CANUCK BOOKS), NELLIE MCCLUNG (PLAY)

TO THE LEFT IS NELLIE MCCLUNG, AND ABOVETHE FIRST FEMALE PERSON, NOT EVE, BUT EMILY MURPHY

ELECTION OF 1908ELECTION OF 1908 REMEMBER BEFORE CONTROVERSY OF NAVYREMEMBER BEFORE CONTROVERSY OF NAVY

CLEANS UP IN WEST, AND QUE. LOSES ONTARIO, CLEANS UP IN WEST, AND QUE. LOSES ONTARIO, BC, MANITOBABC, MANITOBA

133-85-3133-85-3

WHILE ON THE DECLINE HIS POLICIES STILL WHILE ON THE DECLINE HIS POLICIES STILL CARRY THE DAYCARRY THE DAY

FOURTH MAJORITY IN A ROW. ONLY PM TO EVER FOURTH MAJORITY IN A ROW. ONLY PM TO EVER DODO

DOWNFALL OF LAURIERDOWNFALL OF LAURIER AFTER 1909 NAVAL CONTROVERSY LAURIER TAKES AFTER 1909 NAVAL CONTROVERSY LAURIER TAKES

VACATION TO WESTVACATION TO WEST

WANTS TO SEE HIS PROVINCES ON HIS RAILWAYSWANTS TO SEE HIS PROVINCES ON HIS RAILWAYS

TALKS TO FARMERS BEING HURT BY NATIONAL POLICY TALKS TO FARMERS BEING HURT BY NATIONAL POLICY DESPITE CROWS NEST PASS AGREEMENTDESPITE CROWS NEST PASS AGREEMENT

THEY ASK WHERE THE FREE TRADER OF 1891 WENTTHEY ASK WHERE THE FREE TRADER OF 1891 WENT

LAURIER BEGINS TO THINK NATIONAL POLICY HAS RUN ITS LAURIER BEGINS TO THINK NATIONAL POLICY HAS RUN ITS COURSE AND TIME FOR FREE TRADECOURSE AND TIME FOR FREE TRADE

AT JUST THIS TIME USA NEEDS RAW MATERIALS AND AT JUST THIS TIME USA NEEDS RAW MATERIALS AND COMES ASKING US FOR FREE TRADE (PRESIDENT TAFT)COMES ASKING US FOR FREE TRADE (PRESIDENT TAFT)

AT FIRST LAURIER HESITANT BUT THEN ENTERS NEGOTIATIONSAT FIRST LAURIER HESITANT BUT THEN ENTERS NEGOTIATIONS

1910 RECIPROCITY DEAL SIGNED, NEEDS TO BE RATIFIED IN BOTH1910 RECIPROCITY DEAL SIGNED, NEEDS TO BE RATIFIED IN BOTH

BORDER DESPONDENT THOUGHT HE’D LOSE AGAIN IN 1912.BORDER DESPONDENT THOUGHT HE’D LOSE AGAIN IN 1912.

BIG BUSINESS IN ONTARIO AND QUE WORRIED SO THEY ATTACK BIG BUSINESS IN ONTARIO AND QUE WORRIED SO THEY ATTACK LIKE IN 1891LIKE IN 1891

USE SAME TACTICS; SUPPORT OPPOSITION WITH MONEY, AND USE SAME TACTICS; SUPPORT OPPOSITION WITH MONEY, AND THREATEN WORKERSTHREATEN WORKERS

CONSERVATIVES BEGIN FILIBUSTERCONSERVATIVES BEGIN FILIBUSTER

SIFTON AGAINST FREE TRADE AS SAID IT WOULD DESTROY SIFTON AGAINST FREE TRADE AS SAID IT WOULD DESTROY RAILWAYS AND ALL WORKERS WOULD LOSE JOBSRAILWAYS AND ALL WORKERS WOULD LOSE JOBS

USA SPEAKER OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ADDS FUEL TO USA SPEAKER OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ADDS FUEL TO ANTI US FIREANTI US FIRE

LAURIER OFF TO LONDON FOR CONFERENCELAURIER OFF TO LONDON FOR CONFERENCE

LAURIER RETURNS, STILL FILIBUSTERLAURIER RETURNS, STILL FILIBUSTER

CALLS SNAP ELECTION TO SHUT UP CONSERVATIVES CALLS SNAP ELECTION TO SHUT UP CONSERVATIVES EXPECTING TO WINEXPECTING TO WIN

IMPERIALISTS ANTI LAURIER, BIG BUSINESS, RAILWAYS, IMPERIALISTS ANTI LAURIER, BIG BUSINESS, RAILWAYS, AND NOW USA SPEAKER OF HOUSE OPENS HIS MOUTHAND NOW USA SPEAKER OF HOUSE OPENS HIS MOUTH

NOW LAURIER AGAIN CALLED AN AMERICAN SYMPATHIZER NOW LAURIER AGAIN CALLED AN AMERICAN SYMPATHIZER ESPECIALLY AFTER THE SPEAKER OF US SENATE MAKES ESPECIALLY AFTER THE SPEAKER OF US SENATE MAKES HIS COMMENTS AND ATTACKED BY ALL SIDESHIS COMMENTS AND ATTACKED BY ALL SIDES

BOURASSA CAMPAIGNS AGAINST LAURIER IN QUE BOURASSA CAMPAIGNS AGAINST LAURIER IN QUE RUNNING AUTONOMISTES HOPING TO GET MINORITY GOV’T RUNNING AUTONOMISTES HOPING TO GET MINORITY GOV’T AND INFLUENCE CDN POLICYAND INFLUENCE CDN POLICY

ANDREW BLAIR, CAMPAIGNS AGAINST LAURIER IN ANDREW BLAIR, CAMPAIGNS AGAINST LAURIER IN MARITIMES, SIFTON IN WEST, ETC.MARITIMES, SIFTON IN WEST, ETC.

LAURIER CANNOT CARRY THE DAY LOSES 118-87-16LAURIER CANNOT CARRY THE DAY LOSES 118-87-16

BOURASSA’S PLAN BACKFIRED, NOW HAVE BOURASSA’S PLAN BACKFIRED, NOW HAVE ENGLISH CANADIAN CONSERVATIVE MAJORITYENGLISH CANADIAN CONSERVATIVE MAJORITY

CONSERVATIVES DIDN’T RUN MANY CANDIDATES CONSERVATIVES DIDN’T RUN MANY CANDIDATES WHERE ANTI LAURIER SENTIMENT HIGH IN QUE WHERE ANTI LAURIER SENTIMENT HIGH IN QUE HOPING BOURASSA WOULD WIN HOPING BOURASSA WOULD WIN

LAURIER TOYS WITH RESIGNING, BUT NO HEIR. LAURIER TOYS WITH RESIGNING, BUT NO HEIR. STAYS LEADER OF LIBS UNTIL DEATH IN 1919STAYS LEADER OF LIBS UNTIL DEATH IN 1919

HE WAS VILIFIED IN QUE AS PRO BRITISH AND IN HE WAS VILIFIED IN QUE AS PRO BRITISH AND IN ENGLISH CANADA AS ANTI BRITISH HE ALWAYS ENGLISH CANADA AS ANTI BRITISH HE ALWAYS SAID NEITHER, HE WAS CANADIANSAID NEITHER, HE WAS CANADIAN

"Canada has been the inspiration of my life. I "Canada has been the inspiration of my life. I have had it before me as a pillar of fire by night have had it before me as a pillar of fire by night and a pillar of cloud by day, a policy of true and a pillar of cloud by day, a policy of true Canadianism, of moderation... of conciliation...". Canadianism, of moderation... of conciliation...".

AND SO ENDS OUR LOOK AT LAURIER FOR AND SO ENDS OUR LOOK AT LAURIER FOR NOW, WE WILL STILL MENTION HIM IN OUR NOW, WE WILL STILL MENTION HIM IN OUR WWI UNIT AS HE PLAYS AN IMPORTANT WWI UNIT AS HE PLAYS AN IMPORTANT PART AS LEADER OF OPPOSITION DURING PART AS LEADER OF OPPOSITION DURING THOSE YEARSTHOSE YEARS

TOMORROW QUIZ, THEN OFF TO BORDEN TOMORROW QUIZ, THEN OFF TO BORDEN AND THE FIELDS OF EUROPEAND THE FIELDS OF EUROPE

LAURIER’S GRAVE TODAY

OTTAWA’S NOTRE DAME CEMETERY