The Age of RevolutionSpanish America

Why start a revolution?

Revolutionaries:USA =

Conditions of the monarchy:King Carlos IV Corrupt Bankrupt = higher taxes, selling office War with England = destruction of the navy

Conditions in the colonies: High Taxes Hegemony Patriarchy, double-standards for male/female behavior No representation in government Limited freedom for women, peasants No freedom for slaves Church controlled life Caste System Spanish monopolies on trade and industry Unemployment

1. What reasons do you have to start revolution? 2. How would you defeat the Spanish?3. How would you change the conditions in the colonies?4. Your ideal society after the revolution?

Aristocracy, Democracy, Monarchy, Communism, Anarchy, Oligarchy?

You are a: Slave Mestizo Indigenous Woman White, born in the colonies = Creole Priest Wealthy Americano * European born = Peninsular

The EnlightenmentThe Social Contract

“Man was born free, and everywhere he is in chains”Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1787)

Are humans innately selfless? Or, innately selfish?

State of Nature Social Contract

Popular Sovereignty

Hobbes "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short“

“bellum ominum contra omnes” (meaning war of all against all)

Eugène Delacroix, La Liberté Guidant le Peuple

Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon Crossing the Alps

Francisco Goya, Nor This, from the series, “The Disasters of War”

Portugal and Brazil 1807 — Portuguese refuse to close ports and

declare war on England France invades in response Prince João and royal court fled to Rio de Janeiro

“By 1810, a startling contrast existed. The Portuguese crown was closer than ever to Brazil. The Spanish crown, usurped by a foreigner, was further than ever from Spanish America.”

Jacques-Louis David, The Death of Marat

The Ideals of a Revolution Betrayed