8/13/2019 Latin America Notes 2

1/4

Slave trade

Ancient- go to Slavic areas, warfarelosing side goes into slave trade, punishment. Nota perpetual(lifetime) condition

Modern- develops in 1500s. Due to trade, exploration, Christianity, and labor needs.Joint-Stock Companies

Dutch West India Co. (1621) French West India Co. (1664) Royal Africa Co. (1672)

Asiento- license for trade

Enslavement by Africans- How Africans made slaves of other Africans

Prisoners of war Captives in commercial slave raids Condemned criminals Condemned debtors People accused of witchcraft People kidnapped and held for ransom Captives were ransomed

Coffle- group of people that go from the interior to the coastline (slaves from Africa)

Castles = fortsend of line for the coffle

Crown Control Conquest created new social system and economy Crown tried to prevent casual relations and marriage between Europeans, Indigenous, and

Africans

Cedula de Gracias a SacarCedula de Gracias a Sacar

License to make legally white Gain access to universities, officers commissions, government posts, priesthood,

convents and other institutions officially closed to castas

Privateer/ Pirate- need license (called letter of marque) England, France, Netherlandscant be

at war--all hate the Spanish

What did rivals do to challenge Spains exclusive trade?

Contraband import and export Attack major and minor Spanish ports

8/13/2019 Latin America Notes 2

2/4

8/13/2019 Latin America Notes 2

3/4

Ferdinand 6very good at picking advisors

1743 Treatise

Initiatives of Charles 3

Attempted to revive Spanish industry by removing stigma attached to manual labor Establish state-owned textile factories Invited foreign technical experts into Spain Encouraged technical education Curbed privileges of stock breeders corporation

Political Reform

Restructuring of administrationRio de la Plata

Concern over larger volume of contraband in region Fear of foreign attack (British and Portuguese)

Intendant System

Colonies transferred to system between 1782-1790 (French idea) Hope of increasing royal revenues from colonies through greater administrative

efficiency

Intendant = provincial governorEarly Resistance (Bourbons are people)

What is allowing this unrest?

Bourbon policies under Charles IVo

Appeared to be a success in colonies

o Administration more efficient, defenses improved, commerce swelled,government revenues increased

Creoles upset by many of changes Threatened or succeeded in reducing their status and influence

Poor governance in Iberia and colonies Napoleon

o 1807 France invaded Portugal with permission of Spaino Spain little more than satellite of French government

Jose Gabriel (Tupac Amaru IItook name of last Incan ruler)

Well educated, wealthy Peruvian mestizo Lineal descendent of the Inca

o Tried repeatedly to effect change for his people through legal channels 1780

o Led Indian revolt with an army of 80,000 meno Executed regional Corregidor- took name of Tupaco Swept through southern highlands of Peru and present day Bolivia

8/13/2019 Latin America Notes 2

4/4

The Plan

Complete independence from Spain, expulsion of pennisulares, abolition of viceroy,audiencia, and Corregidor, restoration of Inca empire, elimination of caste system,

suppression of mita system, elimination of great estates, permit small landholding,

encourage trade

Pachacuti

The great overthrowo Total inversion of existing social order and return to idealized Inca empireo Desire to avenge cruelties of conquest and centuries of exploitation

Overall Importance

Begins seeds of colonial insurrections Plants ideas of Indigenous roots to insurrections which will help unify Creole ideals

(think Mexico)

Revolt of the Comuneros1781

Violent protest against tax increaseo Disruption spread through much viceroyaltyo Not looking for independence, protesting within system not against it