Late Blight is Here! by Judson Reid and Carol MacNeil

Since our last newsletter Late Blight has been con-firmed in a number of upstate NY locations including Genesee (on potato) and Ontario (on tomato) counties. Symptoms include large, dark water soaked lesions on the leaves, stems and tomato fruit or potato tubers. While the fruit and tubers do show dry rots these can be infected rapidly with Bacterial Soft Rot and diagnostic symptoms of Late Blight soon will be obliterated. The disease advances so quickly that a healthy crop can be lost in days. Late Blight severity values (see table on next page) along with the pres-ence of inoculum puts all tomato and potato plantings in our region of New York at high risk. We are fortunate that Cornell is a world leader in research on the pathogen that causes Late Blight with several plant pathologists covering different aspects of the disease. Professor Bill Fry re-searches changes in genotype of the pathogen (Phytothphora infestans). Although the population could be different based on the next sample sent in to his lab, it seems ‘US23’ is the prevalent genotype for tomatoes, which account for the majority of confirmed cases in NY. Professor Tom Zitter indi-cates that US23 (in addition to US22 and US24) is sensitive to mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold Bravo). Rotation with a different mode of action is urged to prevent resistance and preserve the efficacy of mefenoxam. (Note from JG: The isolates have not been determined from our area so we do not know if they are sensitive to Ridomil. Hope-fully we will know something next week.)

Volume 7, Issue 24 September 7, 2011

Cooperative Extension Cornell Vegetable Program

Cornell University

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Contents General

Online Courses for Beginning Farmers ................... 2 Winter Tunnel IPM ................................................. 6

Dates .......................................................................... 2

Sponsors ..................................................................... 7

Weather Charts .......................................................... 7

Crops Crops: Tidbits & Insights ................................... 4 & 5 Cabbage & Cole Crops: Cabbage Looper & SWM ... 3 Dry Bean: Estimating Yields .................................... 4 Dry Bean Production Drops Sharply........................ 4 Onions: Fall Cover Crops for Muck Soils ................. 4 Onions: Curing Onions for Maximum Quality ......... 5 Onion Harvest Tips for Best Quality ........................ 6 Potato/Tomato: Late Blight is Here! ....................... 1 Sweet Corn: Trap Network Report, 9/6/11 ............. 6 Tomato Quality Declines with Dew ......................... 3

Continued on next page

Late blight on ripe fruit Photo: S. Johnson, U of ME

External late blight symptoms

Photo: E. Banks, OMAFRA

September 7, 2011 Volume 7, Issue 24 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 2

Continued from cover

Dates... September 15 – Importance of Planting Right Over the Zone with Zone Till Field Corn, 10 am – noon, North Avon Rd, be-tween Jenks and Oak Openings Rd, north of Rts. 5 & 20 (just east of I-390). Trial by Coyne Dairy, Agrinetix, ACS and Cornell. Call 585-473-1100 for more info.

September 18 - CSA: An Introduction to Membership Farming, 9 am – 4:30 pm, CCE Cattaraugus Co, 28 Parkside Dr, Ellicottville, NY 14731. Join Stew Ritchie (Native Offer-ings Farm), David Schummer (Canticle Farms) and Dan Oles (Promised Land CSA) for a discussion of CSA member recruit-ment, crop planning, share pricing, commu-nications. Cost - $25 for NOFA-NY members; $40 for others. Pre-register with Katie at (585) 271-1979 x512.

September 21 – NYS Dry Bean Field Meet-ing, Bergen* (4:45 pm) and Stafford* (6 pm), until 8:30 pm. 1.25 DEC plus CCA cred-its. Sponsored by King Cole Bean and NY Bean, LLC. Black, light and dark red kidney varieties/ breeding lines, current bean dis-eases, Western bean cutworm, zone till beans, cover crops to suppress weeds/ dis-eases, and more. Pre-registration for supper is requested. The complete agenda/directions were emailed to CVP enrollees or see it at: http://blogs.cce.cornell.edu/cvp/. Contact Carol MacNeil at 585-313-8796 or crm6@cornell.edu.

September 28 - Practical Tools for Small Vegetable Farms, 10 am - 12:30 pm, Honey-hill Farm, 6241 Price Rd, Livonia 14487. Small vegetable farms need to have simple, affordable, and flexible equipment. Will demonstrate a multi-functional tractor-mounted tool that has been designed to save labor for family-operated farms. The field day will feature the tool being used for potato harvesting and garlic planting. Please register for this event by visiting the NOFA-NY Shopping page or by calling Katie at (585)271-1979 ext 512.

December 2 - Processing Sweet Corn and Snap Bean Advisory Meeting, NYSAES Jor-dan Hall, Geneva, NY. Coffee at 9:30 am, Sweet Corn 10:00-11:30am, Snap Beans 12:30-3:00 pm. Contact Julie Kikkert for more info.

December 13 - Processing Pea, Beet and Carrot Advisory Meeting, First United Methodist Church, Batavia. Coffee at 9:30 am, meeting 10:00 to Noon. Contact Julie Kikkert for more info.

See Professor Zitter’s updated Fungicide Roster, which incorporates the genetic findings of the Fry lab on our website http://cvp.cce.cornell.edu. To stay up-to-date on new outbreaks online at www.usablight.org.

Contact Carol MacNeil at 585-313-8796 or crm6@cornell.edu or John Gibbons at 716-474-5238 or jpg10@cornell.edu if you think you may have Late Blight. Put 5 – 10 fresh, green, tur-gid, whole leaflets/stems with lesions in a dry plastic bag, seal, store at room tempera-ture, and get to us ASAP/within 24 hours. For more photos of LB on foliage and fruit of potato or tomato go to: http://www.hort.cornell.edu/lateblight * For more sites: http://newa.cornell.edu/ Crop Pages, Potatoes, LB.

**Airport stations, with RH increased to estimate field conditions

Location* Week Total Location Week Total

Albion 8 95 Geneva 15 128

Appleton 13 101 Lafayette 17 181

Baldwinsville 13 NA Lodi 6 75

Buffalo** 9 130 Portland 5 87

Ceres NA NA Ransomville 4 72

Elba NA NA Sodus 11 89

Farmington 9 90 Williamson 5 91

Fayette 9 87 Wellsville** 11 154

Late Blight Severity Value Accumulation 9/06/11

Online Courses for Beginning Farmers

This fall the Northeast Beginning Farmer Project will offer 7 online courses. Courses typically start in mid-October, are 6 weeks long, cost $175, and include both real-time meetings (online webinars) and reading and activities on-your-own. The courses are taught by experienced Cooperative Extension educators, farmers and other specialists. No academic credit, but those who successfully complete a course receive a certificate and are eligible for Farm Service Agency (FSA) borrower training credit, which can improve eligibility to receive a low-interest FSA loan.

Courses to help you build the "invisible infrastructure" of your farm business: Our introductory-level course for those still in the exploring and early plan-ning stages, BF 101: Square One, to help you get clear about your goals, skills, and available resources. If you're ready to write a full business plan, sign up for the BF 202: Planning to Stay in Business, which will help you prepare to seek funding from banks and other lenders Need guidance setting up financial recordkeeping? Then BF 104: Financial Records is for you.

On the production side, we offer: BF 120: Veggie Farming - This jam-packed course has now been divided into two parts (with BF 121 offered in January). BF 120 covers planning, budgeting, site selection and planting, while BF 121 takes you through season-long care, harvest, and marketing. Consider taking BF 105: Machinery and Equipment, before you buy more equipment, to help you weigh your options and make smart decisions about what's best for your farm scale. BF 110: Soil Health introduces growers to practical on-farm applications of soil health concepts. This course will incorporate an optional field day at a farm in Northern NY that demonstrates soil health improvement on a working farm.

To pre-register contact Violet Stone at 607-255-9227 or vws7@cornell.edu For more on the courses visit http://nebeginningfarmers.org/online-courses.

The Cornell Small Farm Program

September 7, 2011 Volume 7, Issue 24 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 3

Cabbage & Cole Crops: Cabbage Looper & Scleratinia White Mold

C. Hoepting, CVP: Cabbage looper (CL) can be hard to kill when they get large, and should ideally be killed when they are small. CL larvae are light green with a prominent white strip along each side of the body. CL can be distinguished from other worm pests by its characteristic “looping” habit when it moves and reach 1.5 inches long when mature (Fig. 1). Early CL damage resembles that of dia-mondback moth (DBM) feeding on the undersides of the lower leaves. Larger larvae make ragged holes in the leaves and generally feed on the base of the head. Presence of larvae and frass in heads of fresh market cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower can render them unmarketable. A large CL causes 5 times more damage than DBM. To control large CL, high rates of pyrethroids (Baythroid, Brigade, Mustang Max, Pounce and other permethrin formulations, Danitol, Hero, Asana and Warrior) may be needed. Also, Radiant, Synapse, Coragen, Voliam Xpress and Avaunt provide excellent control of large CL.

Scleratinia white mold (SWM) may be a problem for storage bound cabbage. Infected areas on the plant become covered with fluffy white mold. Leaves wilt, affected tissues become soft and watery and the infection spreads throughout the plant. Pea-sized black sclerotia can be found embedded in the white mold (Fig. 2). SWM may spread from infected to healthy heads in storage bins. Keep fields clean of weeds, especially ragweed and velvet leaf as these weeds are very susceptible to SWM. Avoid mechanical damage and store into clean sanitized bins or at least ones that have sat in the hot sun for a couple of months. The SWM fungus can survive on wooden pallet boxes and cause further infections in storage. Ro-tate out of cabbage with non-susceptible crops to SWM such as sweet corn or grains. Endura fungicide is labeled in NY for control of SWM (also labeled for Alternaria leaf spot and Botrytis) – use 6 – 9 oz prior to disease development.

Fig. 1 Cabbage looper mature larvae.

Fig. 2 Cabbage head infected with white mold. Note black sclerotia indicated in the circles.

Tomato Quality Declines with Dew

J. Reid, CVP: As much as I like the weather, I must concede that the cooler, longer nights of September lead to decreased fruit quality in tomatoes. When there is a film of dew on the tomato for an ex-tended period of time russets and cracks develop on the shoul-ders of the tomatoes (see picture). These cracks are problem enough to drop the fruit grade to #2, however secondary fungi can make the fruit unmarketable. There are a number of fungi

that will do this, including Alter-naria species (see picture). One

of these, A. solani, causes Early Blight, a destructive foliar disease which will overwinter in the soil and on stakes. We highly rec-ommend 2-year rotation away from tomatoes and

potatoes to reduce Alter-naria problems. Staking,

mulching and pruning to re-duce soil contact with the fruit

are also important management steps. Sprays? Look at the Late Blight section of this week’s Veg Edge and you will be covered for Early Blight and other Alternaria.

September 7, 2011 Volume 7, Issue 24 Veg Edge Weekly

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Continued on next page

Estimating Dry Bean Yields

Growers can estimate dry bean yields by determining the average number of plants/acre, pods/plant and seeds/pod in several small, representative spots. Only count seed, pods that will mature.

First, count the total plants per 1/1,000th acre to determine plant population. Make at least three counts in separate sections of the field, average these numbers, then multiply this number by 1,000. Use the table below to determine the length of row you’ll need to measure.

Second, within a representative plant stand, randomly select five plants each from at least five randomly selected spots in the field. Pull and count the pods from each plant. Then count the seeds per pod. Average the number of pods/plant as well as averaging the number of seeds/pod. (Accuracy can be improved by counting seeds and pods from at least 10 plants for each of the five spots in the field.)

Third, you need the average number of seeds per pound, depending upon the class of bean grown. You can use the table be-low, but seeds per pound can vary a lot for different varieties within a bean class. (You can use the number for your variety listed in a recent issue of Don Halseth’s, Cornell, Dry Bean Variety Fact Sheet – NYS. C. MacNeil)

Finally, do the calculations: 1) (Ave. # of seeds/pod) x (ave. # of pods/plant) = average # of seeds/plant. 2) (Ave. # of seeds/plant) x (# of plants/ 1/1,000th of an acre) x (1000) divided by the

# of seeds/pound of the variety = yield in pounds/acre.

Bob Battel, MI State Extension, 8/30

Row width (in.)

Length of row to equal 1/1,000th acre

15 34’ 10"

22 23’ 9"

30 17’ 5"

Bean class Ave. # of seeds/lb.

Black 2,000 - 3,000

Kidney 800 – 1,000

CROPS Tidbits & Insights

DRY BEANS See articles (to the left) on Estimating Dry Bean Yields and Dry Bean Production Drops Sharply.

GREENS Spinach seedings have been going strong with good germination taking place quickly. Cool wet weather has helped move the crop along. Lettuce plantings are growing well. Growers need to watch for aphids and tarnished plant bugs damaging the young lettuce plants. Scout every couple of days. Flea beetles are still active and attacking mustard and other brassica plantings. Use radish or Chinese cab-bage seeding as a trap crop. Seed heavy in a border row and treat the trap crop to knock down the flea beetle population.

ONIONS The late spring and delayed planting is taking its toll as these onions are not going down very well. Plant cover crops when possible to prevent soil erosion and to soak up any re-maining nitrogen left in the soil, thus prevent-ing it from being lost into waterways and pol-luting them. Nitrogen taken up by a cover crop will be released back into the soil after the cover crop dies in the spring and will be available for the onion crop next season.

POTATOES More wet weather has occurred over the past week and will continue for much of this week. More vine killing is ongoing in many fields and harvesting is getting underway when weather permits. On fields that were planted late be diligent on late blight control until they are vine killed.

If you wash potatoes going into storage the most basic treatment to reduce disease is the use of AgClor 310, a chlorine formulation designed for produce wash water. It can re-duce the spread of pathogenic bacteria in the water. The level of chlorine in municipal water is much too low to have any beneficial effect on produce! For potatoes the chlorine level should be maintained between 65 -125 ppm, in water with a pH adjusted to between 6 – 7.5. Recheck the chlorine level frequently as soil and organic matter can quickly tie it up. Use new clean foam rollers to reduce as much excess moisture as possible so potatoes dry quickly.

For the following materials it’s important to use spray nozzles that produce very fine drop-lets for even coverage and minimal wetting. Keep tubers moving and rotating on the belt. Afterwards, ensure good air movement to promote tuber drying before packing or stor-ing.

From Vegetables & Melons Outlook, 8/25 - Driven by sharply lower planted area, the U.S. dry edible bean crop is forecast at 20.5 million hundredweight (cwt) this fall, down 36% from a year earlier. Black acreage is down 25%, light red kidneys down 22%, dark red kidneys up 5%, pintos down 52%, navies down 31%, and cranberries down 2%. USDA will release the first official estimate of production by class in the December 11 Crop Production report. In the coming year, prices for all dry bean classes are expected to average above a year earlier. With dwindling dry bean stocks and good dry bean de-mand expected for this year’s small crop, aggregate dry bean prices will likely strengthen into mid-2012. See the complete report at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/VGS/2011/08Aug/VGS346.pdf

Dry Bean Production Drops Sharply

From Vegetables & Melons Outlook, 8/25

Suggested Fall Cover Crops for Muck Soils C. Hoepting, CVP: Oats: 0.75-1 bu/acre will winter kill and the residue will protect fields early in the spring. Avoid heavy seeding rates as soils will not dry out in the spring. Do not plant later than Sept. 30.

Spring Barley: 0.75-1 bu/acre will winter-kill and leaves a residue into early spring. Warm temperatures in the spring will cause the residue to dissipate quickly. Do not plant later than Sept. 30.

Winter Barley: 0.75-1 bu/acre will remain green in the spring. Do not plant after Oct. 15.

Winter Rye: 0.75-1 bu/acre will remain green in the spring, but must be plowed early. Vigorous growth causes stems and fiber to be a problem for some planting equipment. Do not plant later than Oct. 15.

September 7, 2011 Volume 7, Issue 24 Veg Edge Weekly

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CROPS

Bio-Save is a biological pre-storage treatment which has been shown in university tests to reduce the spread in storage of Fusarium dry rot and Helminthosporium silver scurf (SS). Bio-Save can be applied on a conveyor belt, by dip, or spray. Apply 500 grams (17.6 oz)/30 gallons of water, which treats 3,000 cwt. Use continuous agitation to ensure proper suspension.

Mertect 340-F is also a pre-storage treatment against Fusarium but resistance makes disease control unpredictable. Fusarium gets started on harvest wounds so be sure skins are set before harvest, temperatures are appropriate, and the harvester has been adjusted to limit bruising.

Phostrol, and other labeled phosphorous acid products, is labeled as a pre-storage treatment for suppression of the spread of late blight (LB) and pink rot (PR) in storage. Not recommended for fresh market potatoes especially if enlarged lenticels are present as darkening of this tissue can occur.

Liming is something potato growers are often hesitant to do because of the fear of scab and fields occasionally end up with soil pH levels in the mid to upper 4’s. Nutrients, especially phosphorus, are tied up at low pHs and aluminum is soluble and toxic at really low pHs. Maintain-ing a soil pH between 5.2 and 5.4 for potatoes reduces scab risk while balancing nutrient availability. (Obviously many growers have soil with much higher pHs, or grow a variety of crops requiring higher pHs. They need to use scab resistant potato varieties.) If the soil pH is below 5.2 growers should lime with 1/2 to 1 ton of finely ground limestone per acre (high % Effective Neutralizing Value - ENV) in the fall. Use dolomitic or calcitic limestone depending on magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) levels in the soil. Have your soils tested now to deter-mine the most beneficial and cost effective use of crop nutrients. Go to: http://www.dairyone.com/AgroOne/default.htm to order free soil boxes and information sheets!

PROCESSING CROPS Take note of the Processing Advisory Meetings as listed in the dates section.

SNAP BEANS The weather continues to be conducive for rots, spots and molds. Again, not much can be done with beans at or near the harvest stage. Corn earworm trap catches have been high the last few weeks (see the Weekly Sweet Corn Trap section) and may feed on snap beans. We are also watching reports on Western Bean Cutworm (WBC). This is a known pest of corn and dry beans. So far, it hasn’t been reported in commercial fields of snap beans. However, researchers at the University of Guelph, Ridgetown have conducted feeding studies where WBC egg masses were placed on snap bean plants. WBC chewed “window-pane” holes in the leaf surface, leaving only the trans-parent cuticle intact. They also fed on the snap bean pods, creating deep tunnels through the pod and into the seed. We will continue to keep an eye on this pest and let you know if it becomes a threat to commercial snap bean fields. No need to worry this year as the peak flights of WBC are done.

SWEET CORN Bird and raccoon damage has been high in some fields. Traps and noise haven’t proved to be very effective. More research is needed to determine what better practices can be used to help protect the crop. Several fields are showing more than 25% damage from animals.

VINE CROPS Powdery mildew has kicked up taking down winter squash plantings. These plantings may have already been suffering from stress of the hot dry summer. On the other hand, other squash fields have actually started to show new vine growth, flowering, and setting some new fruit. These fields have had irrigation and good access for spray equipment to get decent spray coverage. If the market demand remains high, it seems worthwhile to keep the squash vines growing to gain that extra production.

Tidbits & Insights (continued)

Western Bean Cutworm feeding damage on snap beans

under research conditions. Photo: Univ. of Guelph

Curing Onions for Maximum Quality

C. Hoepting, CVP: Temperature – artificial curing can be done with outside air, which is heated to approxi-mately 77°F or 3-5 °F above the ambient air temperature. Higher temperatures, up to 90°F can be used if onions are of high qual-ity with several layers of good skins. Higher temperatures are favorable for develop-ment of bacterial diseases. Black mold is more likely to develop when temperatures exceed 82°F. A lower temperature, down to 68°F should be used if onions are poorly skinned, have been touched by frost or

placed into the onion boxes while filling to increase air circulation.

Dryer Volume - the wetter/greener the onions going into a dryer, the fewer should be put into it.

Check Dryer Conditions – RH and tempera-ture of the air going into and out of the boxes should be monitored and adjust-ments made accordingly. Check air flow. Air will take the path of least resistance. Use a smoke test to show you where and how the air is moving.

have bacterial diseases. Best skin color develops at 75-90°F.

Relative humidity (RH) - should not fall below 65% or exceed 80%. RH going into the boxes should ideally be 50% and less than 100% coming out.

Airflow - should be no less than 3 cubic feet per minute per cubic foot of product. Be aware that when bulb size is down, air cir-culation through the boxes is reduced (onions pack tighter with smaller air spaces in between). An empty bushel crate can be

September 7, 2011 Volume 7, Issue 24 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 6

From Abby Seaman, NYS IPM Program: European corn borer are being caught at low levels and at only five of the locations reporting this week. Corn earworm numbers took a big jump at several locations, with numbers indicating the need for a 4-6 day (adding a day for the lower temperatures) spray schedule at many locations. Fall armyworm numbers also increased significantly at several locations this week. Keep an eye on the latest fields for ragged FAW feeding damage in the whorl, and larvae in the emerging tassel.

Where CEW numbers remain low, scout for ECB and FAW larvae, egg masses, and damage, using a threshold of 15% infested plants at tassel emergence, and 5% infested plants in silk stage fields. See Trap Catches chart on next page.

Onion Harvest Tips for Best Quality

C. Hoepting, CVP: 1) Be sure onions are well dried and necks tight (i.e. the tissue does not slide when you roll the neck be-tween your fingers) before harvesting/topping. Bacterial diseases, Botrytis Neck rot and black mold can enter into and move through green tissue into the bulbs. These diseases do not infect or move in dry tissue.

2) Do not harvest onions when conditions reach 90 °F and 90% relative humidity, be-

vesting by adjusting the chain speed to make sure the chain is always full. This will help reduce rolling and bumping of the bulbs. Reduce drops to 6” and pad sharp surfaces. Bruises provide direct entry points for diseases to get started.

5) Grade out damaged or rotten bulbs be-fore putting them into storage. Damaged bulbs give off moisture which is favorable for development of diseases in storage.

cause black mold (BM) could develop. Har-vest dry onions during the cooler part of the day or wait until a cooler day.

3) Leave 2-3 inches of neck on the bulb. This increases the distance from the cut surface to the bulb for fungal and bacterial pathogens to travel. If the neck dries down before the disease gets to the bulb, the bulb should be sound in storage.

4) Minimize mechanical injury during har-

Winter Tunnel IPM

J. Reid, CVP: Step 3- Sprays for tunnels Last week we revealed that high tunnels can be quite inhospitable to beneficial insects as inside temperatures go below outside air temps. Thus- the later in the year, the less effective any release of benefi-cials. The next tool we can turn to for pest management is insecticidal sprays, both OMRI approved and otherwise. In New York current interpretation of pesticide law requires that both the pest and crop be on the label. Labeled sprays for field production may be used in-side a tunnel, unless there is a specific greenhouse prohibition (i.e. Do Not Use in Greenhouses). This truly restricts the number of options. For example with aphids in winter tunnels, we cannot use 6 of the most common and effective field materials. Surprisingly, we are left with some options that are rather hazardous in comparison to what is on the prohibited list.

For this, and other reasons, our current NESARE project is focusing on ‘softer’ materials that have less potential impact on the applicator, consumer and environment. For example, aphids can be controlled with Beauveria bassiana, a natural fungal pathogen (available in OMRI and non-OMRI formulations). Cabbage worms, common in winter tunnels, can be controlled with Bts, another natural insecticide used by organic and conventional growers. However in both these cases, temperature can influence the effect of the natural pesticide. According the Cornell Vegetable Guidelines, Bts are “most effective under warm weather conditions”.

We do have a few other softer spray materials in the tool box includ-ing Azadirachtin and crop oils. Using these in combination with the natural pathogens above has given us positive results in our on-farm trials (see chart). However, there are dangers of spraying in the cold months. We find that foliage is likely more tender when grown in low light conditions inside and thus can burn when sprayed with labeled rates of some oil products (see photo of radishes). We also are faced with the reality of temperatures below freezing. Hitting a greens crop with a liquid spray in freezing temperatures would of course ruin the crop. So we can see that like beneficials, sprays can work but are

limited by temperature in winter tunnels. This takes us away from specific management tools and suggests we look at the tunnel as a whole to promote crop health. Rotation is part of this holistic ap-proach and will be covered next week in our final installment of Winter Tunnel IPM.

If you are growing greens in a tunnel, or are interested in doing so,

contact Judson to participate in our program (585) 313-8912.

WNY Sweet Corn Trap Network Report, 9/6/11

Tunnel radishes burned by spray.

Volume 7, Issue 24 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 7

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* Airport stations ** Data from other station/airport sites is at: http:// newa.cornell.edu/ Weather Data, Daily Summary and Degree Days.

September 7, 2011

Weather Charts J. Gibbons, CVP:

ECB ECB

Location -E -Z CEW FAW WBC

Baldwinsville (Onondaga) NA NA NA NA NA

Batavia (Genesee) 0 0 33 9 NA

Bellona (Yates) 6 3 93 13 0

Eden (Erie) 0 0 0 0 0

Farmington (Ontario) 1 1 23 0 2

Great Valley (Cattaraugus) 0 0 3 0 0

Hamlin (Monroe) 1 1 68 7 0

LeRoy (Genesee) 0 0 12 0 NA

Lockport (Niagara) 0 0 4 0 0

Penn Yan (Yates) 2 2 31 17 0

Spencerport (Monroe) 0 0 6 2 0

Waterport (Orleans) 0 2 41 5 0

Williamson (Wayne) NA NA NA NA NA

WNY Pheromone Trap Catches: September 06, 2011

Rainfall (inch) Temp (°F)

Location Week Month Max Min

Albion 0.44 0.44 90 58

Appleton, North 1.09 1.09 83 52

Baldwinsville 0.51 0.51 87 56

Buffalo* 1.13 1.13 88 57

Ceres 3.87 3.87 90 51

Elba NA NA NA NA

Farmington 0.63 0.63 88 52

Geneva 0.63 0.58 89 55

Himrod NA NA 92 54

Knowlesville 1.25 1.25 90 58

Lafayette NA NA 87 52

Lodi 0.97 0.97 94 53

Lyndonville 0.83 0.83 89 56

Ransomville 1.25 1.25 89 57

Rochester* 1.20 1.20 89 55

Syracuse* 0.93 0.93 89 54

Williamson 1.60 1.60 83 57

Weekly Weather Summary: 8/30 - 9/05

Location 2011 2010 2009

Albion 2289 2415 1891

Appleton, North 1930 2142 1585

Buffalo 2422 2464 1963

Elba NA 2392 1562

Farmington 2215 2309 1803

Geneva 2419 2602 1970

Himrod 2389 2447 1929

Lafayette 2277 2262 1828

Lodi 2458 2596 NA

Lyndonville 2239 2428 1897

Ransomville 2285 2401 1832

Rochester 2394 2500 1868

Syracuse 2680 2568 2063

Wellsville 2052 2089 1557

Williamson 2288 2463 1876

Accumulated Growing Degree Days (AGDD) Base 50°F: Jan. 1 — September 05, 2011

Cooperative Extension Cornell Vegetable Program

Cornell University Serving Allegany, Cattaraugus,

Erie, Genesee, Monroe, Niagara,

Onondaga, Ontario, Orleans,

Seneca, Wayne and Yates Counties

Veg Edge Weekly is a seasonal weekly publication of the Cornell Vegetable Program providing information about crop development, pest activity and management, pesticide updates, local weather conditions, meetings and resources.

Veg Edge is published 28 times annually, monthly from October-May and weekly from May-September. If you have any questions about this publication, contact Julie Kikkert at 585-394-3977 x404 or jrk2@cornell.edu. Visit the Cornell Vegetable Program website at http://cvp.cce.cornell.edu/ for information on our research, upcoming events and enrolling in our program.

Cornell Cooperative Extension provides equal program and employment opportunities.

Robert Hadad 585-739-4065 Cell rgh26@cornell.edu

Christy Hoepting 585-721-6953 Cell cah59@cornell.edu

Julie Kikkert 585-313-8160 Cell jrk2@cornell.edu

Carol MacNeil 585-313-8796 Cell crm6@cornell.edu

Judson Reid 585-313-8912 Cell jer11@cornell.edu

Cornell Vegetable Program Extension Specialists

John Gibbons, 716-474-5238 Cell

Katie Klotzbach 585-732-2545 Cell

CVP Assistants

This publication contains pesticide recommendations. Changes in pesticide regulations occur constantly and human errors are possible. Some materials may no longer be available and some uses may no longer be legal. All pesticides distributed, sold or applied in New York State must be registered with the New York State Department of Environ-mental Conservation (DEC). Questions concerning the legality and/or registration status for pesticide usage in New York State should be directed to the appropriate Cornell

Cooperative Extension specialist or your regional DEC office.

Cornell Cooperative Extension and its employees assume no liability for the effectiveness or results of any chemicals for pesticide usage. No endorsement of products or com-panies is made or implied. READ THE LABEL BEFORE APPLYING ANY PESTICIDE.

Yates County Cornell Cooperative Extension 417 Liberty Street Penn Yan, NY 14527