Metadata on the Exchange rate statistics Last updated 26 February 2021

Afghanistan

Capital Kabul

Central bank Da Afghanistan Bank

Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.gov.af/

Currency Afghani

ISO currency code AFN

Subunits 100 puls

Currency circulation Afghanistan

Legacy currency Afghani

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

AFA

Conversion rate 1,000 afghani (old) = 1 afghani (new); with effect from 7 October 2002

Currency history 7 October 2002: Introduction of the new afghani (AFN); conversionrate: 1,000 afghani (old) = 1 afghani (new)

IMF membership Since 14 July 1955

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

22 March 1963 - 1973: Pegged to the US dollar 1973 - 1981: Independently floating 1981 - 31 December 2001: Pegged to the US dollar 1 January 2002 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 5 September 2010: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 6 September 2010 - 31 March 2011: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 April 2011 - 4 April 2017: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 5 April 2017 - 3 May 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 4 May 2018: Other managed arrangement

Time series BBEX3.A.AFN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.AFN.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.AFN.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.AFN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AFN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.AFN.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.AFN.USD.CA.AC.A01

Albania

Capital Tirana

Central bank Bank of Albania

Central bank's website http://www.bankofalbania.org/

Currency Albanian lek

ISO currency code ALL

Subunits 100 qindarka

Currency circulation Albania

Legacy currency Albanian lek

Conversion rate 10 Albanian lek (old) = 1 Albanian lek (new); with effect from 16August 1965

Currency history 16 August 1965: Introduction of the new Albanian lek (ALL);conversion rate: 10 Albanian lek (old) = 1 Albanian lek (new)

IMF membership Since 15 October 1991

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

10 September 1991 - 30 June 1992: Pegged to a currency basket 1 July 1992 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 14 February 2009: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) Since 15 February 2009: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.ALL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ALL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ALL.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.ALL.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ALL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ALL.USD.CA.AC.A01

Algeria

Capital Algiers

Central bank Banque d'Algerie

Central bank's website http://www.bank-of-algeria.dz/

Currency Algerian dinar

ISO currency code DZD

Subunits 100 centimes

Currency circulation Algeria

Legacy currency Algerian new franc

Conversion rate 1 Algerian new franc = 1 Algerian dinar; with effect from 10. April 1964

Currency history 1 January 1960: Introduction of the Algerian new franc; conversionrate: 100 Algerian franc = 1 Algerian new franc 10 April 1964: Introduction of the Algerian dinar (DZD); conversionrate: 1 Algerian new franc = 1 Algerian dinar

IMF membership Since 26 September 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 September 1997

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

21 January 1974 - 30 September 1994: Pegged to a currency basket 1 October 1994 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 31 December 2008: Floating (market-determinedwith more frequent modes of intervention) 1 January 2009 - 14 June 2018: Other managed arrangement(oriented to a currency basket) Since 15 June 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change) Algeria maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.DZD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.DZD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.DZD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.DZD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.DZD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.DZD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.DZD.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.DZD.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.DZD.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.DZD.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.DZD.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.DZD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.DZD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.DZD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.DZD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.DZD.USD.CA.AA.A01

BBEX3.M.DZD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.DZD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Angola

Capital Luanda

Central bank Banco Nacional de Angola

Central bank's website https://www.bna.ao/

Currency Kwanza

ISO currency code AOA

Subunits 100 cêntimos

Currency circulation Angola

Legacy currency Readjusted kwanza

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

AOR

Conversion rate 1,000,000 readjusted kwanza = 1 kwanza; with effect from 13December 1999

Currency history 20 January 1954: Introduction of the Angolan escudo; conversion rate:1 Angolar = 1 Angolan escudo 8 January 1977: Introduction of the kwanza (AOK); conversion rate: 1Angolan escudo = 1 kwanza 1 October 1990: Introduction of the new kwanza (AON); conversionrate: 1 kwanza = 1 new kwanza 3 July 1995: Introduction of the readjusted kwanza (AOR); conversionrate: 1,000 new kwanza = 1 readjusted kwanza 13 December 1999: Introduction of the kwanza (AOA); conversionrate: 1,000,000 readjusted kwanza = 1 kwanza

IMF membership Since 19 September 1989

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

8 January 1977 - 24 April 1994: Pegged to the US dollar 25 April 1994 - 30 June 1996: Other managed floating 1 July 1996 - 29 September 1998: Pegged to the US dollar 30 September 1998 - 24 January 1999: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 25 January 1999 - 30 March 2001: Independently floating 31 March 2001 - 31 May 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 June 2005 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 1 October 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 2 October 2009 - 31 October 2010: Other managed arrangement 1 November 2010 - 16 September 2014: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 17 September 2014 - 4 June 2015: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 5 June 2015 - 14 April 2016: Other managed arrangement 15 April 2016 - 8 January 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation)

Since 9 January 2018: Other managed arrangement

Comment Independent (from Portugal) since 11 November 1975

Time series BBEX3.A.AOA.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AOA.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.AOA.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AOA.USD.CA.AC.A01

Antigua and Barbuda

Capital St John's

Central bank Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

Central bank's website https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/

Currency East Caribbean dollar

ISO currency code XCD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Dominica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts andNevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and (since 17July 1968) Grenada

Legacy currency British West Indies dollar

Conversion rate 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar; with effect from6 October 1965

Currency history 6 October 1965: Introduction of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD);conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar

IMF membership Since 25 February 1982

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

22 November 1983

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

6 October 1965 - 6 July 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling(Eastern Caribbean Currency Union) Since 7 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar (Eastern CaribbeanCurrency Union)

Comment Antigua and Barbuda participates in the Eastern Caribbean CurrencyUnion. Independent since 1 November 1981 (formerly: British colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Argentina

Capital Buenos Aires

Central bank Banco Central de la República Argentina

Central bank's website https://www.bcra.gob.ar/default.asp

Currency Argentine peso

ISO currency code ARS

Subunits 100 centavos

Currency circulation Argentina

Legacy currency Austral

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

ARA

Conversion rate 10 000 austral = 1 Argentine peso; with effect from 1 January 1992

Currency history 1 January 1970: Currency changeover from the Argentine peso (pesomoneda nacional) to the Argentine peso (peso; ISO code ARP) at therate of 100:1 1 June 1983: Currency changeover from the Argentine peso (peso)to the Argentine peso (peso argentino; ISO code ARP) at the rate of10,000:1 14 June 1985: Introduction of the austral (ARA); conversion rate:1,000 Argentine peso = 1 austral 1 January 1992: Introduction of the Argentine peso (ARS); conversionrate: 10,000 austral = 1 Argentine peso

IMF membership Since 20 September 1956

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

14 May 1968

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

31 July 1975 - 30 January 1976: Pegged to the US dollar 31 January 1976 - 11 May 1978: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 12 May 1978 - 5 July 1982: Independently floating 6 July 1982 - 10 December 1989: Other managed floating 11 December 1989 - 18 March 1991: Independently floating 19 March 1991 - 10 February 2002: Pegged to the US dollar 11 February 2002 - 31 May 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 June 2006 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 30 September 2008: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 October 2008 - 31 December 2009: Floating (market-determinedwith more frequent modes of intervention) 1 January 2010 - 16 December 2015: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change)

Since 17 December 2015: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.ARS.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ARS.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ARS.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ARS.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ARS.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ARS.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ARS.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.ARS.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.ARS.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.ARS.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.ARS.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.ARS.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ARS.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ARS.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ARS.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ARS.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ARS.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ARS.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ARS.EUR.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.ARS.EUR.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.ARS.EUR.CA.AC.A02 BBEX3.M.ARS.USD.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.ARS.USD.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.ARS.USD.CA.AC.A02

Armenia

Capital Yerevan

Central bank Central Bank of Armenia

Central bank's website http://www.cba.am

Currency Armenian dram

ISO currency code AMD

Subunits 100 luma

Currency circulation Armenia

Legacy currency Russian rouble

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

RUR

Conversion rate 200 Russian rouble = 1 Armenian dram; with effect from 22.November 1993

Currency history 22 November 1993: Introduction of the Armenian dram (AMD);conversion rate: 200 Russian rouble (RUR) = 1 Armenian dram

IMF membership Since 28 May 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

29 May 1997

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

28 May 1992 - 21 November 1993: Use of the Soviet/Russian roubleas legal tender 22 November 1993 - 31 May 2006: Independently floating 1 June 2006 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with no predeterminedpath for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 30 June 2008: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 1 July 2008 - 2 March 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 3 March 2009 - 11 March 2013: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 12 March 2013 - 3 November 2014: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 4 November 2014 - 1 January 2017: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) Since 2 January 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate withina narrow band without any political obligation) Armenia maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.AMD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AMD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AMD.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.AMD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AMD.EUR.CA.AC.A01

BBEX3.M.AMD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Aruba

Capital Oranjestad

Central bank Centrale Bank van Aruba

Central bank's website https://www.cbaruba.org/cba/home.do

Currency Aruban florin

ISO currency code AWG

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Aruba

Legacy currency Netherlands Antillean guilder

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

ANG

Conversion rate 1 Netherlands Antillean guilder = 1 Aruban florin; with effect from 1January 1986

Currency history 1 January 1986: Introduction of the Aruban florin (AWG); conversionrate: 1 Netherlands Antillean guilder = 1 Aruban florin

IMF membership Since 15 February 1961

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 February 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Since June 1940: Pegged to the US dollar

Comment On 1 January 1986, Aruba obtained its status as an autonomouscountry within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Prior to this period,Aruba formed part of the Netherlands Antilles.

Time series BBEX3.A.AWG.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.AWG.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.AWG.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AWG.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.AWG.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.AWG.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.AWG.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.AWG.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.AWG.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AWG.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.AWG.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.AWG.USD.CA.AC.A01

Australia

Capital Canberra

Central bank Reserve Bank of Australia

Central bank's website http://www.rba.gov.au/

Currency Australian dollar

ISO currency code AUD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Australia, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Kiribati, Nauru, NorfolkIsland, Tuvalu

Legacy currency Australian pound

Conversion rate 1 Australian pound = 2 Australian dollars; with effect from 14 February1966

Currency history 14 February 1966: Introduction of the Australian dollar (AUD);conversion rate: 1 Australian pound = 2 Australian dollars

IMF membership Since 5 August 1947

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 July 1965

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 September 1974 - 28 November 1976: Pegged to a currencybasket 29 November 1976 - 11 December 1983: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis acurrency basket Since 12 December 1983: Independently floating

Time series BBEX3.A.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.AUD.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AUD.USD.CM.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A02

Austria

Capital Vienna

Central bank Oesterreichische Nationalbank

Central bank's website https://www.oenb.at/

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Schilling

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

ATS

Conversion rate 13.7603 schilling = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999

Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:13.7603 schilling = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from 2002onwards also in cash form)

IMF membership Since 27 August 1948

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 August 1962

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

29 March 1973 - 12 March 1979: Pegged to a currency basket(European common margins arrangement) 13 March 1979 - 8 January 1995: Pegged to a currency basket(European Monetary System) 9 January 1995 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Azerbaijan

Capital Baku

Central bank Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan

Central bank's website http://www.cbar.az

Currency Azerbaijan manat

ISO currency code AZN

Subunits 100 qapik

Currency circulation Azerbaijan

Legacy currency Azerbaijan manat

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

AZM

Conversion rate 5,000 Azerbaijan manat (old) = 1 Azerbaijan manat (new); with effectfrom 1 January 2006

Currency history August 1992: Introduction of the Azerbaijan manat (AZM) in parallel tothe Soviet rouble (SUR) at the rate of 10 Soviet rouble = 1 Azerbaijanmanat Since 15 December 1993: Currency conversion from Russian rouble(RUR) to Azerbaijan manat at the rate of 10:1 1 January 1994: The Azerbaijan manat becomes the sole legaltender 1 January 2006: Introduction of the new Azerbaijan manat (AZN);conversion rate: 5,000 Azerbaijan manat (old) = 1 Azerbaijan manat(new)

IMF membership Since 18 September 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

30 November 2004

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

18 October 1992 - 23 May 1994: Pegged to the Soviet/Russianrouble 24 May 1994 - 29 September 1998: Independently floating 30 September 1998 - 31 January 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 February 2005 - 31 December 2005: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 January 2006 - 10 March 2008: Crawling peg (moving central ratewithout a band) 11 March 2008 - 29 April 2008: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 30 April 2008 - 31 May 2008: Other managed arrangement 1 June 2008 - 20 December 2015: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 21 December 2015 - 13 April 2017: Other managed arrangement Since 14 April 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation)

Azerbaijan maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.AZN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AZN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AZN.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.AZN.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AZN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AZN.USD.CA.AC.A01

Bahamas

Capital Nassau

Central bank Central Bank of The Bahamas

Central bank's website https://www.centralbankbahamas.com/

Currency Bahamian dollar

ISO currency code BSD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Bahamas

Legacy currency Bahamas pound; 1 Bahamas pound = 20 shillings = 240 pence

Conversion rate 7 shillings = 1 Bahamian dollar; with effect from 25 May 1966

Currency history 25 May 1966: Introduction of the Bahamian dollar (BSD); conversionrate: 7 shillings = 1 Bahamian dollar

IMF membership Since 21 August 1973

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

5 December 1973

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

25 May 1966 - 1 February 1970: Pegged to the British pound sterling Since 2 February 1970: Pegged to the US dollar

Comment Independent since 10 July 1973 (formerly: British colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.BSD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BSD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BSD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BSD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BSD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BSD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BSD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BSD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BSD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BSD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BSD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BSD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Bahrain

Capital Manama

Central bank Central Bank of Bahrain

Central bank's website http://www.cbb.gov.bh/

Currency Bahraini dinar

ISO currency code BHD

Subunits 1,000 fils

Currency circulation Bahrain

Legacy currency Gulf rupee (parity in relation to the the Indian rupee)

Conversion rate 10 Gulf rupees = 1 Bahraini dinar; with effect from 16 October 1965

Currency history 16 October 1965: Introduction of the Bahraini dinar (BHD); conversionrate: 10 Gulf rupees = 1 Bahraini dinar

IMF membership Since 7 September 1972

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

20 March 1973

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

31 March 1973 - 25 January 1978: Pegged to the US dollar 26 January 1978 - 14 August 1978: Pegged to the SDR 15 August 1978 - 30 March 1999: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands Since 31 March 1999: Conventional peg (exchange rate guaranteebut no irrevocable parity)

Comment Independent since 14 August 1971

Time series BBEX3.A.BHD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BHD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BHD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BHD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Bangladesh

Capital Dhaka

Central bank Bangladesh Bank

Central bank's website https://www.bb.org.bd/index.php

Currency Taka

ISO currency code BDT

Subunits 100 poisha

Currency circulation Bangladesh

Legacy currency Pakistani rupee

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

PKR

Conversion rate 1 Pakistani rupee = 1 taka; with effect from 1 January 1972

Currency history 1 January 1972: Introduction of the taka (BDT); conversion rate: 1Pakistani rupee = 1 taka

IMF membership Since 17 August 1972

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

11 April 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1 January 1972 - 12 August 1979: Pegged to the British poundsterling 13 August 1979 - 30 May 2003: Pegged to a currency basket 31 May 2003 - 31 December 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2007 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 3 October 2010: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 4 October 2010 - 18 December 2011: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 19 December 2011 - 6 February 2013: Other managed arrangement 7 February 2013 - 9 January 2017: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 10 January 2017: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central ratewith an annual minimum rate of change) Bangladesh maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.

Comment Independent (from Pakistan) since 26 March 1971.

Time series BBEX3.A.BDT.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BDT.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BDT.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BDT.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BDT.USD.CA.AB.A04

BBEX3.A.BDT.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BDT.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BDT.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BDT.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BDT.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BDT.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BDT.USD.CA.AC.A01

Barbados

Capital Bridgetown

Central bank Central Bank of Barbados

Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.org.bb/

Currency Barbados dollar

ISO currency code BBD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Barbados

Legacy currency East Caribbean dollar

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

XCD

Conversion rate 1 East Caribbean dollar = 1 Barbados dollar; with effect from 3December 1973

Currency history 6 October 1965: Introduction of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD);conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar 3 December 1973: Introduction of the Barbados dollar (BBD);conversion rate: 1 East Caribbean dollar = 1 Barbados dollar

IMF membership Since 29 December 1970

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

3 November 1993

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1949 - 4 July 1975: Pegged to the British pound sterling Since 5 July 1975: Pegged to the US dollar

Comment Independent since 30 November 1966 (formerly: British colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.BBD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BBD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BBD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BBD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BBD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BBD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BBD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BBD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BBD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BBD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BBD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BBD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Belarus

Capital Minsk

Central bank National Bank of the Republic of Belarus

Central bank's website http://www.nbrb.by

Currency Belarusian rouble

ISO currency code BYN

Subunits 100 kopecks

Currency circulation Belarus

Legacy currency Belarusian rouble

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

BYR

Conversion rate 10,000 Belarusian rouble (old) = 1 Belarusian rouble (new); with effectfrom 1 July 2016

Currency history 25 May 1992: Introduction of the Belarusian rouble (in the form of so-called zaichik coupons) in parallel to the Soviet rouble 20 August 1994: Introduction of the Belarusian rouble (BYB);conversion rate: 10 Belarusian rouble (zaichik coupons) = 1Belarusian rouble 1 January 2000: Introduction of the new Belarusian rouble (BYR);conversion rate: 1,000 Belarusian rouble (old) = 1 Belarusian rouble(new) 1 July 2016: Introduction of the new Belarusian rouble (BYN);conversion rate: 10,000 Belarusian rouble (old) = 1 Belarusian rouble(new)

IMF membership Since 10 July 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

05 November 2001

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

25 May 1992 - 30 December 1993: Pegged to the Soviet/Russianrouble 31 December 1993 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 31 December 2000: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2001 - 31 December 2004: Exchange rates within acrawling band 1 January 2005 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 1 January 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 2 January 2009 - 6 May 2010: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 7 May 2010 - 23 May 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 24 May 2011 - 18 September 2012: Other managed arrangement

19 September 2012 - 8 January 2015: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 9 January 2015 - 31 July 2018: Other managed arrangement Since 1 August 2018: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.BYN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BYN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.BYN.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.BYN.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.BYN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BYN.USD.CA.AC.A01

Belgium

Capital Brussels

Central bank National Bank of Belgium

Central bank's website http://www.nbb.be

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Belgian franc

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

BEF

Conversion rate 40.3399 Belgian francs = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999

Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:40.3399 Belgian franc = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from2002 onwards also in cash form)

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 February 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

24 April 1972 - 12 March 1979: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement) 13 March 1979 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)

Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04

Belize (until the end of May 1973: British Honduras)

Capital Belmopan

Central bank Central Bank of Belize

Central bank's website https://www.centralbank.org.bz/

Currency Belize dollar

ISO currency code BZD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Belize

Legacy currency British Honduran dollar

Conversion rate 1 British Honduran dollar = 1 Belize dollar; with effect from 1 June1973

Currency history 1 June 1973: Introduction of the Belize dollar (BZD); conversion rate:1 British Honduran dollar = 1 Belize dollar

IMF membership Since 16 March 1982

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

14 June 1983

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1 June 1973 - 13 May 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling Since 14 May 1976: Pegged to the US dollar

Comment Independent since 21 September 1981 (formerly: British colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.BZD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BZD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BZD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BZD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BZD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BZD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BZD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BZD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BZD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BZD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BZD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BZD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Benin (until 29 November 1975: Dahomey)

Capital Porto-Novo; Seat of Government: Cotonou

Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)

Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XOF

Currency circulation Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger,Senegal, Togo

IMF membership Since 10 July 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, West African Monetary Union; as of 1994, West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)

Comment Member state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union(UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine) Independent since 1 August 1960

Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Bermuda

Capital Hamilton

Central bank Bermuda Monetary Authority

Central bank's website https://www.bma.bm/

Currency Bermudian dollar

ISO currency code BMD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Bermuda

Legacy currency Bermuda pound

Conversion rate 1 Bermuda pound = 2.40 Bermudian dollar; with effect from 6February 1970

Currency history 6 February 1970: Introduction of the Bermudian dollar (BMD);conversion rate: 1 Bermuda pound = 2.40 Bermudian dollar

IMF membership Non-IMF-member

Comment British Overseas Territory

Time series BBEX3.A.BMD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BMD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BMD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BMD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BMD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BMD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BMD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BMD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BMD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BMD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BMD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BMD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Bhutan

Capital Thimphu

Central bank Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan

Central bank's website http://www.rma.org.bt/

Currency Ngultrum

ISO currency code BTN

Subunits 100 chhetrum

Currency circulation Bhutan

Legacy currency Indian rupee

Conversion rate 1 Indian rupee = 1 ngultrum; with effect from 1 June 1974

Currency history 1 June 1974: Introduction of the ngultrum (BTN); conversion rate: 1Indian rupee = 1 ngultrum

IMF membership Since 28 September 1981

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Since 1 June 1974: Pegged to the Indian rupee

Comment The Indian rupee is likewise legal tender alongside the ngultrum.

Time series BBEX3.A.BTN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BTN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BTN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BTN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BTN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BTN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BTN.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BTN.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BTN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BTN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BTN.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BTN.USD.CA.AC.A01

Bolivia, Plurinational State of

Capital Sucre; seat of government: La Paz

Central bank Banco Central de Bolivia

Central bank's website https://www.bcb.gob.bo/

Currency Boliviano

ISO currency code BOB

Subunits 100 centavos

Currency circulation Bolivia, Plurinational State of

Legacy currency Bolivian peso

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

BOP

Conversion rate 1,000,000 Bolivian pesos = 1 boliviano; with effect from 1 January1987

Currency history 1 January 1963: Introduction of the Bolivian peso (BOP); conversionrate: 1,000 bolivianos = 1 Bolivian peso 1 January 1987: Introduction of the boliviano (BOB); conversion rate:1,000,000 Bolivian pesos = 1 boliviano

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

5 June 1967

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

31 October 1972 - 29 November 1979: Pegged to the US dollar 30 November 1979 - 4 February 1982: Other managed floating 5 February 1982 - 7 November 1982: Other managed floating 8 November 1982 - 28 August 1985: Pegged to the US dollar 29 August 1985 - 30 December 1997: Independently floating 31 December 1997 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 31 December 2005: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 1 January 2006 - 30 November 2007: Conventional peg (exchangerate guarantee but no irrevocable parity) 1 December 2007 - 5 October 2008: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 6 October 2008 - 28 November 2010: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 29 November 2010 - 1 November 2011: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) Since 2 November 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) Bolivia maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.BOB.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BOB.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BOB.EUR.CA.AC.A04

BBEX3.A.BOB.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BOB.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BOB.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.BOB.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.BOB.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.BOB.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.BOB.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.BOB.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.BOB.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.BOB.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BOB.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BOB.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BOB.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BOB.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BOB.USD.CA.AC.A01

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Capital Sarajevo

Central bank Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Central bank's website http://www.cbbh.ba

Currency Convertible marka

ISO currency code BAM

Subunits 100 feninga

Currency circulation Bosnia and Herzegovina

Legacy currency Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

BAD

Conversion rate 100 Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar = 1 convertible marka; with effectfrom 11 August 1997

Currency history 17 August 1992: Introduction of the Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar;conversion rate: 1 Yugoslav dinar = 1 Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar 15 July 1994: Introduction of the new Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar(BAD); conversion rate: 10,000 Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar (old) =1 Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar (new) 11 August 1997: Introduction of the convertible marka (BAM);conversion rate: 100 Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar = 1 convertiblemarka

IMF membership Since 14 December 1992 (end of membership of predecessor stateYugoslavia)

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1 August 1994 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the Deutsche Mark Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro

Time series BBEX3.A.BAM.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BAM.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BAM.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BAM.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BAM.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BAM.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BAM.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BAM.USD.CA.AC.A01

Botswana

Capital Gaborone

Central bank Bank of Botswana

Central bank's website http://www.bankofbotswana.bw/

Currency Pula

ISO currency code BWP

Subunits 100 thebe

Currency circulation Botswana

Legacy currency South African rand

Conversion rate 1 South African rand = 1 pula; with effect from 23 August 1976

Currency history 23 August 1976: Introduction of the pula (BWP); conversion rate: 1South African rand = 1 pula

IMF membership Since 24 July 1968

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

17 November 1995

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

23 September 1976 - 30 November 1976: Pegged to the SouthAfrican rand 1 December 1976 - 1 June 1980: Pegged to the US dollar 2 June 1980 - 30 May 2005: Pegged to a currency basket Since 31 May 2005: Crawling peg (moving central rate without aband)

Time series BBEX3.A.BWP.EUR.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BWP.EUR.CM.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BWP.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BWP.USD.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BWP.USD.CM.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BWP.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BWP.EUR.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BWP.EUR.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BWP.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BWP.USD.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BWP.USD.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BWP.USD.CM.AC.A01

Brazil

Capital Brasília

Central bank Banco Central do Brasil

Central bank's website https://www.bcb.gov.br/

Currency Brazilian real

ISO currency code BRL

Subunits 100 centavos

Currency circulation Brazil

Legacy currency Cruzeiro real

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

BRR

Conversion rate 2,750 cruzeiro real = 1 Brazilian real; with effect from 1 July 1994

Currency history 1 November 1942: Introduction of the cruzeiro; conversion rate: 1,000réis = 1 cruzeiro 13 February 1967: Introduction of the new cruzeiro; conversion rate:1,000 cruzeiro = 1 new cruzeiro 15 May 1970: Change of currency name from the new cruzeiro to thecruzeiro (BRB) 28 February 1986: Introduction of the cruzado (BRC); conversionrate: 1,000 cruzeiro = 1 cruzado 16 January 1989: Introduction of the new cruzado (BRN); conversionrate: 1,000 cruzado = 1 new cruzado 16 March 1990: Introduction of the cruzeiro (BRE); conversion rate: 1new cruzado = 1 cruzeiro 1 August 1993: Introduction of the cruzeiro real (BRR); conversionrate: 1,000 cruzeiro = 1 cruzeiro real 1 July 1994: Introduction of the Brazilian real (BRL); conversion rate:2,750 cruzeiro real= 1 Brazilian real

IMF membership Since 14 January 1946

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

30 November 1999

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

August 1968 - 15 March 1990: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 16 March 1990 - 30 June 1994: Independently floating 1 July 1994 - 14 January 1999: Other managed floating 15 January 1999 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Comment Multiple exchange rate system until 31 January 1999

Time series BBEX3.A.BRL.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.BRL.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.BRL.EUR.BB.AC.A01

BBEX3.M.BRL.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.BRL.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BRL.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BRL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BRL.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BRL.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BRL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.BRL.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.BRL.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.BRL.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.BRL.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BRL.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BRL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BRL.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BRL.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BRL.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BRL.USD.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.BRL.USD.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.BRL.USD.CA.AC.A02

Brunei Darussalam

Capital Bandar Seri Begawan

Currency Brunei dollar

ISO currency code BND

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Brunei Darussalam, Singapore

Legacy currency Malayan dollar

Conversion rate 1 Malayan dollar = 1 Brunei dollar; with effect from 12 June 1967

Currency history 12 June 1967: Introduction of the Brunei dollar (BND); conversionrate: 1 Malayan dollar = 1 Brunei dollar

IMF membership Since 10 October 1995

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

10 October 1995

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Since 21 June 1973: Pegged to the Singapore dollar

Comment Under an agreement between Brunei Darussalam and Singapore, theSingapore dollar (convertible at par) is also accepted as customarytender. Independent since 1 January 1984.

Time series BBEX3.A.BND.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BND.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BND.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BND.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BND.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BND.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BND.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BND.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BND.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BND.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BND.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BND.USD.CA.AC.A01

Bulgaria

Capital Sofia

Central bank Bulgarian National Bank

Central bank's website http://www.bnb.bg/

Currency Bulgarian lev

ISO currency code BGN

Subunits 100 stotinkas

Currency circulation Bulgaria

Legacy currency Bulgarian lev

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

BGL

Conversion rate 1,000 Bulgarian levs (old) = 1 Bulgarian lev (new)

Currency history 12 May 1952: Introduction of the (new) lev; conversion rate forbanknote exchange: 100 levs (old) = 1 lev (new), for prices and formutual claims and liabilities between individuals: 100:4. For bankbalances, various conversion rates apply. 1 January 1962: Introduction of the (new) lev (BGL); currencyconversion took place at the rate of 10 levs(old) = 1 lev (new) 5 July 1999: Introduction of the (new) lev (BGN); currency conversiontook place at the rate of 1,000 levs (old) = 1 lev (new)

IMF membership Since 25 September 1990

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

24 September 1998

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

2 May 1990 - 17 February 1991: Pegged to a currency basket 18 February 1991 - 30 June 1997: Independently floating 1 July 1997 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the Deutsche Mark Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro

Comment Participant in Exchange Rate Mechanism II since 13 July 2020.

Time series BBEX3.A.BGN.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.BGN.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.BGN.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BGN.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.BGN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BGN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.BGN.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.BGN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BGN.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BGN.USD.CA.AC.A02

Burkina Faso (until 3 August 1984: Upper Volta)

Capital Ouagadougou

Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)

Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XOF

Currency circulation Burkina Faso, Benin,Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger,Senegal, Togo

IMF membership Since 02 May 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, West African Monetary Union; as of 1994, West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)

Comment Member state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union(UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine) Independent since 5 August 1960

Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Burundi

Capital Gitega (until December 2018: Bujumbura)

Central bank Bank of the Republic of Burundi

Central bank's website http://www.brb.bi

Currency Burundi franc

ISO currency code BIF

Subunits 100 centimes

Currency circulation Burundi

Legacy currency Rwanda and Burundi franc

Conversion rate 1 Rwanda and Burundi franc = 1 Burundi franc; with effect from 19May 1964

Currency history 2 September 1960: Introduction of the Rwanda and Burundi franc;conversion rate: 1 Congo franc = 1 Rwanda and Burundi franc 19 May 1964: Introduction of the Burundi franc (BIF); conversion rate:1 Rwanda and Burundi franc = 1 Burundi franc

IMF membership Since 28 September 1963

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

April 1970 - 22 November 1983: Pegged to the US dollar 23 November 1983 - 13 May 1992: Pegged to the SDR 14 May 1992 - 29 June 1999: Pegged to a currency basket 30 June 1999 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 6 May 2009: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 7 May 2009 - 25 July 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 26 July 2011 - 5 March 2013: Other managed arrangement 6 March 2013 - 21 June 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 22 June 2016: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change) Burundi maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Comment Independent (from Belgium) since 1 July 1962

Time series BBEX3.A.BIF.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BIF.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BIF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BIF.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BIF.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BIF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BIF.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BIF.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BIF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BIF.USD.CA.AA.A01

BBEX3.M.BIF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BIF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Cabo Verde

Capital Praia

Central bank Banco de Cabo Verde

Central bank's website https://www.bcv.cv/pt/Paginas/Homepage.aspx

Currency Cabo Verde escudo

ISO currency code CVE

Subunits 100 centavos

Currency circulation Cabo Verde

IMF membership Since 20 November 1978

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 July 2004

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Until 28 February 1977: Parity in relation to the Portuguese escudo 1 March 1977 - 31 March 1998: Pegged to a currency basket 1 April 1998 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the Portuguese escudo Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro

Comment Independent since 5 July 1975 (formerly: Portuguese colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.CVE.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CVE.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.CVE.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.CVE.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.CVE.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CVE.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CVE.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.CVE.USD.CA.AC.A01

Cambodia

Capital Phnom Penh

Central bank National Bank of Cambodia

Central bank's website http://www.nbc.org.kh/english/index.php

Currency Riel

ISO currency code KHR

Subunits 100 sen

Currency circulation Cambodia

Legacy currency Indochinese piastre

Conversion rate 1 Indochinese piastre = 1 riel; with effect from 1 January 1955

Currency history 1 January 1955: Introduction of the riel (KHR); conversion rate: 1Indochinese piastre = 1 riel

IMF membership Since 31 December 1969

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 January 2002

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

30 June 1993 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 31 August 2009: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 September 2009 - 30 June 2013: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 July 2013 - 31 December 2013: Other managed arrangement 1 January 2014 - 10 March 2015: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 11 March 2015: Other managed arrangement

Time series BBEX3.A.KHR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KHR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KHR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KHR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.KHR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KHR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KHR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KHR.USD.CA.AC.A01

Cameroon

Capital Yaoundé

Central bank Bank of Central African States (Banque des Etats de l'AfriqueCentrale)

Central bank's website http://www.beac.int

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XAF

Currency circulation Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, EquatorialGuinea, Gabon

IMF membership Since 10 July 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, Central African Monetary Community; as of 1994, CentralAfrican Economic and Monetary Community) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (Central African Economicand Monetary Community)

Comment Member state of the Central African Economic and MonetaryCommunity (CEMAC = Communauté Économique et Monétaire del'Afrique Centrale) Treaty of Versailles (1919) partitions Cameroon into an eastern sector(French-mandated territory) and a western sector (British-mandatedterritory). Independence: East Cameroon gains independence from France as the Republic ofCameroon on 1 January 1960. West Cameroon: on 1 October 1961, the southern part of the Britishterritory joins with the Republic of Cameroon while the northern partunifies with Nigeria.

Time series BBEX3.A.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Canada

Capital Ottawa

Central bank Bank of Canada

Central bank's website https://www.bankofcanada.ca/

Currency Canadian dollar

ISO currency code CAD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Canada

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

25 March 1952

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1 October 1950 - 1 May 1962: Independently floating 2 May 1962 - 31 May 1970: Pegged to the US dollar Since 1 June 1970: Independently floating

Time series BBEX3.A.CAD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.CAD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CAD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CAD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.CAD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CAD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.CAD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CAD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CAD.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CAD.USD.CA.AC.A02

Cayman Islands

Capital George Town

Central bank Cayman Islands Monetary Authority

Central bank's website https://www.cima.ky/

Currency Cayman Islands dollar

ISO currency code KYD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Cayman Islands

Legacy currency Jamaican dollar

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

JMD

Conversion rate 1 Jamaican dollar = 1 Cayman Islands dollar; with effect from 1 May1972

Currency history 1 May 1972: Introduction of the Cayman Islands dollar (KYD);conversion rate: 1 Jamaican dollar = 1 Cayman Islands dollar

IMF membership Non-IMF-member

Comment British Overseas Territory

Time series BBEX3.A.KYD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KYD.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.KYD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KYD.USD.CM.AC.A01

Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CAEMC)

Central bank Bank of Central African States (Banque des Etats de l'AfriqueCentrale)

Central bank's website http://www.beac.int

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XAF

Currency circulation Cameroon, Congo, Chad, Central African Republic, EquatorialGuinea, Gabon

Comment Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, EquatorialGuinea and Gabon all belong to the Central African Economic andMonetary Community (CEMAC = Communauté Économique etMonétaire de l'Afrique Centrale). The responsible monetary authorityis the "Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale", whose CFA franc(F.CFA = Franc de la Coopération Financière en Afrique Centrale) islegal tender only in the aforementioned countries.

Time series BBEX3.A.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Central African Republic

Capital Bangui

Central bank Bank of Central African States (Banque des Etats de l'AfriqueCentrale)

Central bank's website http://www.beac.int

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XAF

Currency circulation Central African Republic, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, EquatorialGuinea, Gabon

IMF membership Since 10 July 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, Central African Monetary Community; as of 1994, CentralAfrican Economic and Monetary Community) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (Central African Economicand Monetary Community)

Comment Member state of the Central African Economic and MonetaryCommunity (CEMAC = Communauté Économique et Monétaire del'Afrique Centrale) Independent since 13 August 1960

Time series BBEX3.A.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Chad

Capital N'Djaména

Central bank Bank of Central African States (Banque des Etats de l'AfriqueCentrale)

Central bank's website http://www.beac.int

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XAF

Currency circulation Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, EquatorialGuinea, Gabon

IMF membership Since 10 July 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, Central African Monetary Community; as of 1994, CentralAfrican Economic and Monetary Community) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (Central African Economicand Monetary Community)

Comment Member state of the Central African Economic and MonetaryCommunity (CEMAC = Communauté Économique et Monétaire del'Afrique Centrale) Independent since 11 August 1960

Time series BBEX3.A.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Chile

Capital Santiago

Central bank Banco Central de Chile

Central bank's website https://www.bcentral.cl/web/banco-central/

Currency Chilean peso

ISO currency code CLP

Subunits 100 centavos

Currency circulation Chile

Legacy currency Chilean escudo

Conversion rate 1,000 Chilean escudos = 1 Chilean peso; with effect from 29September 1975

Currency history 1 January 1960: Introduction of the Chilean escudo; conversion rate:1,000 Chilean pesos = 1 Chilean escudo 29 September 1975: Introduction of the Chilean peso (CLP);conversion rate: 1,000 Chilean escudos = 1 Chilean peso

IMF membership Since 31 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

27 July 1977

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

July 1970 - 29 June 1979: Adjusted according to a set of indicators 30 June 1979 - 15 June 1982: Pegged to the US dollar 16 June 1982 - 4 August 1982: Pegged to a currency basket 5 August 1982 - 25 September 1982: Floating (market-determinedwith more frequent modes of intervention) 26 September 1982 - 1 September 1999: Exchange rates within acrawling band Since 2 September 1999: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only)

Time series BBEX3.A.CLP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CLP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.CLP.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.CLP.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CLP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CLP.USD.CA.AC.A01

China (Taiwan)

Capital Taipeh

Central bank Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)

Central bank's website http://www.cbc.gov.tw/mp2.html

Currency New Taiwan dollar

ISO currency code TWD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation China (Taiwan)

Legacy currency Taiwan dollar

Conversion rate 40,000 Taiwan dollar = 1 new Taiwan dollar; with effect from 15 June1949

Currency history 15 June 1949: Introduction of the new Taiwan dollar (TWD);conversion rate: 40,000 Taiwan dollar = 1 new Taiwan dollar

IMF membership Non-IMF-member

Comment The People's Republic of China claims sovereignty over the islandof Taiwan; the Taiwanese government describes itself as thegovernment of the "Republic of China".

Time series BBEX3.A.TWD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TWD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TWD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TWD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TWD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TWD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.TWD.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.TWD.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.TWD.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.TWD.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.TWD.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.TWD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.TWD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TWD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TWD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TWD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TWD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TWD.USD.CA.AC.A01

China

Capital Peking/Beijing

Central bank The People's Bank of China

Central bank's website http://www.pbc.gov.cn/english/

Currency Chinese renminbi (uniform designation for all foreign countries since15 June 1969); currency amounts are denoted using the designationChinese yuan (renminbi).

ISO currency code CNY

Subunits 10 jiao/100 fen

Currency circulation China

Legacy currency Jen-Min-Pi

Conversion rate 10,000 jen min pi (old) = 1 jen min pi (new); with effect from 1 March1955

Currency history 19 August 1948: Introduction of the gold yuan; conversion rate: 3million Chinese dollar / yuan = 1 gold yuan 5 June 1949: Introduction of the jen min pi; conversion rate: 100,000gold yuan = 1 jen min pi 1 March 1955: Introduction of the new jen min pi; conversion rate:10,000 jen min pi (old) = 1 jen min pi (new) Since 15 June 1969: Chinese renminbi (harmonisation of thecurrency name used outside of China)

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 December 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1980 - 31 December 1985: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 1 January 1986 - 31 March 1994: Other managed floating 1 April 1994 - 31 July 2006: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 August 2006 - 31 May 2008: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 1 June 2008 - 20 June 2010: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 21 June 2010 - 23 December 2014: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 24 December 2014 - 10 November 2015: Other managedarrangement 11 November 2015 - 23 August 2016: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 24 August 2016 - 31 May 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 June 2017 - 21 June 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change)

Since 22 June 2018: Other managed arrangement

Time series BBEX3.A.CNY.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.CNY.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CNY.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CNY.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.CNY.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CNY.HKD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CNY.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.CNY.HKD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.CNY.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CNY.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CNY.HKD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CNY.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CNY.USD.CA.AC.A02

Colombia

Capital Bogotá

Central bank Banco de la República

Central bank's website https://www.banrep.gov.co/es

Currency Colombian peso

ISO currency code COP

Subunits 100 centavos

Currency circulation Colombia

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 August 2004

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1 June 1968 - 20 January 1994: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 21 January 1994 - 24 September 1999: Exchange rates within acrawling band 25 September 1999 - 31 December 2004: Independently floating 1 January 2005 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.COP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.COP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.COP.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.COP.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.COP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.COP.USD.CA.AC.A01

Comoros

Capital Moroni

Central bank Banque Centrale des Comores

Central bank's website http://www.banque-comores.km/

Currency Comorian franc

ISO currency code KMF

Subunits 100 centimes

Currency circulation Comoros

Legacy currency CFA franc

Conversion rate 1 CFA franc = 1 Comorian franc; with effect from 1 July 1981

Currency history 1 July 1981: Introduction of the Comorian franc (KMF); conversionrate: 1 CFA franc = 1 Comorian franc

IMF membership Since 21 September 1976

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1 January 1975 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro

Time series BBEX3.A.KMF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KMF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.KMF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KMF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Congo, Democratic Republic of the (from 27 October 1971 to 16 May 1997: Zaire)

Capital Kinshasa

Central bank Banque Centrale du Congo

Central bank's website http://www.bcc.cd

Currency Congo franc

ISO currency code CDF

Subunits 100 centimes

Currency circulation Congo, Democratic Republic of the

Legacy currency New zaire

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

ZRN

Conversion rate 100,000 new zaires = 1 Congo franc; with effect from 30 June 1998

Currency history 24 June 1967: Introduction of the zaire (ZRZ); conversion rate: 1,000Congo francs = 1 zaire 22 October 1993: Introduction of the new zaire (ZRN); conversionrate: 3,000,000 zaires = 1 new zaire 30 June 1998: Introduction of the Congo franc (CDF); conversionrate: 100,000 new zaires = 1 Congo franc

IMF membership Since 28 September 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

10 February 2003

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

12 March 1976 - 11 September 1983: Pegged to the SDR 12 September 1983 - 27 February 1984: Other managed floating 28 February 1984 - 31 December 2008: Independently floating 1 January 2009 - 4 May 2010: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 5 May 2010 - 30 April 2011: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) 1 May 2011 - 22 November 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 23 November 2011 - 31 December 2011: Other managedarrangement 1 January 2012 - 20 June 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 21 June 2016 - 2 January 2018: Other managed arrangement Since 3 January 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate withina narrow band without any political obligation) The Democratic Republic of the Congo maintains a de factoexchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Comment Independent (from Belgium) since 30 June 1960.

Time series BBEX3.A.CDF.EUR.CA.AA.A04

BBEX3.A.CDF.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.CDF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CDF.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.CDF.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.CDF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.CDF.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CDF.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.CDF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CDF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CDF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.CDF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Congo

Capital Brazzaville

Central bank Bank of Central African States (Banque des Etats de l'AfriqueCentrale)

Central bank's website http://www.beac.int/

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XAF

Currency circulation Congo, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, EquatorialGuinea, Gabon

IMF membership Since 10 July 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, Central African Monetary Community; as of 1994, CentralAfrican Economic and Monetary Community) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (Central African Economicand Monetary Community)

Comment Member state of the Central African Economic and MonetaryCommunity (CEMAC = Communauté Économique et Monétaire del'Afrique Centrale) Independent since 15 August 1960

Time series BBEX3.A.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Cook Islands

Capital Avarua

Currency Cook Islands dollar

ISO currency code NZD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Cook Islands

IMF membership Non-IMF-member

Comment Self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand; formerlyoverseas territory of New Zealand. The New Zealand dollar is also legal tender alongside the CookIslands dollar (convertible at par).

Time series BBEX3.A.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Costa Rica

Capital San José

Central bank Banco Central de Costa Rica

Central bank's website https://www.bccr.fi.cr/SitePages/default.aspx

Currency Costa Rican colón

ISO currency code CRC

Subunits 100 céntimos

Currency circulation Costa Rica

IMF membership Since 08 January 1946

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 February 1965

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

25 April 1975 - 26 December 1980: Pegged to the US dollar 27 December 1980 - 8 March 1981: Independently floating 9 March 1981 - 23 April 1981: Pegged to the US dollar 24 April 1981 - 10 July 1981: Other managed floating 11 July 1981 - 19 October 1981: Pegged to the US dollar 20 October 1981 - 8 August 1982: Independently floating 9 August 1982 - 29 February 1992: Other managed floating 1 March 1992 - November 1995: Independently floating November 1995 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 30 September 2006: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 1 October 2006 - 29 April 2008: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 30 April 2008 - 15 April 2012: Other managed arrangement 16 April 2012 - 29 August 2013: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 30 August 2013 - 6 April 2014: Other managed arrangement 7 April 2014 - 25 April 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 26 April 2016 - 20 August 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 21 August 2018: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.CRC.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.CRC.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.CRC.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CRC.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.CRC.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.CRC.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.CRC.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CRC.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.CRC.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CRC.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CRC.USD.CA.AB.A01

BBEX3.M.CRC.USD.CA.AC.A01

Côte d'Ivoire (until 31 December 1985: Ivory Coast)

Capital Yamoussoukro; Seat of Government: Abidjan

Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)

Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XOF

Currency circulation Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger,Senegal, Togo

IMF membership Since 11 March 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, West African Monetary Union; as of 1994, West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)

Comment Member state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union(UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine) Independent since 7 August 1960

Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Croatia

Capital Zagreb

Central bank Croatian National Bank

Central bank's website http://www.hnb.hr

Currency Kuna

ISO currency code HRK

Subunits 100 lipa

Currency circulation Croatia

Legacy currency Croatian dinar

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

HRD

Conversion rate 1,000 Croatian dinar = 1 kuna; with effect from 30 May 1994

Currency history 23 December 1991: Introduction of the Croatian dinar (HRD);conversion rate: 1 Yugoslav dinar = 1 Croatian dinar 30 May 1994: Introduction of the kuna (HRK); conversion rate: 1,000Croatian dinar = 1 kuna

IMF membership Since 14 December 1992 (end of membership of predecessor stateYugoslavia)

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

29 May 1995

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

18 April 1992 - 21 October 1993: Pegged to the Deutsche Mark 22 October 1993 - 30 December 1994: Independently floating 31 December 1994 - 31 August 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 September 2006 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 31 December 2008: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 January 2009 - 30 June 2009: Other managed arrangement 1 July 2009 - 16 June 2010: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 17 June 2010 - 13 April 2016: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 14 April 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation)

Comment 25 June 1991: Croatia declared its independence. This wasrecognised by Germany and other member states of the EuropeanCommunity on 23 December 1991, with effect from 15 January 1992. Participant in Exchange Rate Mechanism II since 13 July 2020.

Time series BBEX3.A.HRK.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.HRK.EUR.BB.AC.000

BBEX3.M.HRK.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HRK.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.HRK.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.HRK.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.HRK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.HRK.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.HRK.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.HRK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.HRK.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.HRK.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.HRK.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.HRK.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.HRK.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.HRK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HRK.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.HRK.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.HRK.USD.CA.AC.A01

Cuba

Capital Havana

Central bank Banco Central de Cuba

Central bank's website https://www.bc.gob.cu/

Currency Cuban peso

ISO currency code CUP

Subunits 100 centavos

Currency circulation Cuba

IMF membership Non-IMF-member

Comment With effect from 1 January 2021, the dual currency system consistingof the convertible peso (CUC) and the Cuban peso (CUP) has beenabolished and the Cuban peso designated as the country's sole legaltender. The Cuban peso is pegged to the US dollar at a rate of USD 1= CUP 24. Existing sums in convertible pesos may be exchanged atbanks and bureaux de change at a rate of CUC 1 = CUP 24 until 30June 2021. Until the end of 2020, the Cuban government applied a CUC to CUPexchange rate of 1:1 in its national accounts. In reality, Cuban pesoscould only be exchanged for convertible pesos at a considerablediscount. From 18 March 2005 to the end of 2020, the government foreignexchange bureaus (CADECA - Casas de Cambio) paid CUP 24 perCUC or USD. Individuals wanting to purchase CUC had to pay CUP25 per CUC.

Time series BBEX3.M.CUP.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CUP.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.CUP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CUP.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CUP.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.CUP.USD.CA.AC.A01

Curaçao

Capital Willemstad

Central bank Centrale Bank van Curaçao en Sint Maarten (formerly: Bank van deNederlandse Antillen)

Central bank's website https://www.centralbank.cw/

Currency Netherlands Antillean guilder

ISO currency code ANG

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Curaçao and Sint Maarten (southern part)

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 February 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Since June 1940: Pegged to the US dollar

Comment Independent since 10 October 2010 within the Kingdom of theNetherlands; formerly Curaçao formed together with Bonaire, SintMaarten, Saba and Saint Eustatius the Netherlands Antilles

Time series BBEX3.A.ANG.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.ANG.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.USD.CA.AC.A01

Cyprus

Capital Nicosia

Central bank Central Bank of Cyprus

Central bank's website https://www.centralbank.cy/

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Cyprus pound

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

CYP

Conversion rate 0.585274 Cyprus pounds = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2008

Currency history 1 January 2008: Introduction of the euro; conversion rate: 0.585274Cyprus pounds = 1 euro

IMF membership Since 21 December 1961

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

9 January 1991

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

9 July 1973 - 18 June 1992: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 19 June 1992 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the ECU 1 January 1999 - 31 December 2007: Pegged to the euro (from 2May 2005: Exchange rate mechanism II) Since 1 January 2008: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2008)

Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04

Czechia

Capital Prague

Central bank Czech National Bank

Central bank's website http://www.cnb.cz/en/index.html

Currency Czech koruna

ISO currency code CZK

Subunits 100 heller

Currency circulation Czechia

Legacy currency Czechoslovak koruna

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

CSK

Conversion rate 1 Czechoslovak koruna = 1 Czech koruna; with effect from 8 February1993

Currency history 8 February 1993: Introduction of the Czech koruna (CZK); conversionrate: 1 Czechoslovak koruna = 1 Czech koruna

IMF membership Since 01 January 1993

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 October 1995

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

4 February 1993 - 26 May 1997: Pegged to a currency basket 27 May 1997 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 29 June 2001: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 June 2001 - 2002: Independently floating 2002 - 31 December 2005: Managed floating with no predeterminedpath for the exchange rate 1 January 2006 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 6 November 2013: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) 7 November 2013 - 18 November 2013: Other managedarrangement 19 November 2013 - 5 April 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 6 April 2017: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Comment On 1 January 1993 dissolution of Czechoslovakia into the successorstates Czech Republic and Slovakia

Time series BBEX3.A.CZK.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.CZK.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CZK.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CZK.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.CZK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CZK.USD.CA.AC.A04

BBEX3.D.CZK.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CZK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CZK.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CZK.USD.CA.AC.A02

Denmark

Capital Copenhagen

Central bank Danmarks Nationalbank

Central bank's website https://www.nationalbanken.dk/da/Sider/Default.aspx

Currency Danish krone

ISO currency code DKK

Subunits 100 øre

Currency circulation Denmark, Faroe Islands, Greenland

IMF membership Since 30 March 1946

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 May 1967

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1 May 1972 - 12 March 1979: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement; withdrawal from 27 June 1972 - 9October 1972) 13 March 1979 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (Exchange ratemechanism II)

Comment Participant in Exchange Rate Mechanism II.

Time series BBEX3.A.DKK.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.DKK.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.DKK.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.DKK.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.DKK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.DKK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.DKK.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.DKK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.DKK.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.DKK.USD.CA.AC.A02

Djibouti

Capital Djibouti

Central bank Banque Centrale de Djibouti

Central bank's website http://www.banque-centrale.dj

Currency Djibouti franc

ISO currency code DJF

Subunits 100 centimes

Currency circulation Djibouti

Legacy currency CFA franc

Conversion rate 1 CFA franc = 1 Djibouti franc; with effect from 20 March 1949

Currency history 20 March 1949: Introduction of the Djibouti franc (DJF); conversionrate: 1 CFA franc = 1 Djibouti franc

IMF membership Since 29 December 1978

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

19 September 1980

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Since 22 March 1949: Pegged to the US dollar

Comment Independent (from France) since 27 June 1977

Time series BBEX3.A.DJF.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.DJF.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.DJF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.DJF.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.DJF.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.DJF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.DJF.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.DJF.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.DJF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.DJF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.DJF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.DJF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Dominica

Capital Roseau

Central bank Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

Central bank's website https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/

Currency East Caribbean dollar

ISO currency code XCD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Dominica, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Montserrat, Saint Kitts andNevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and (since 17July 1968) Grenada

Legacy currency British West Indies dollar

Conversion rate 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar; with effect from6 October 1965

Currency history 6 October 1965: Introduction of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD);conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar

IMF membership Since 12 December 1978

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

13 December 1979

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

6 October 1965 - 6 July 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling(Eastern Caribbean Currency Union) Since 7 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar (Eastern CaribbeanCurrency Union)

Comment Dominica participates in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union. Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and theGrenadines were once referred to as the Windward Islands. Independent since 3 November 1978 (formerly: British colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Dominican Republic

Capital Santo Domingo

Central bank Banco Central de la República Dominicana

Central bank's website https://www.bancentral.gov.do/

Currency Dominican peso

ISO currency code DOP

Subunits 100 centavos

Currency circulation Dominican Republic

IMF membership Since 28 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 August 1953

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

23 April 1948 - 22 January 1985: Pegged to the US dollar 23 January 1985 - 16 June 1987: Independently floating 17 June 1987 - 11 November 1987: Other managed floating 12 November 1987 - 10 February 1988: Independently floating 11 February 1988 - 30 December 1989: Other managed floating 31 December 1989 - 23 January 1991: Pegged to the US dollar 24 January 1991 - 6 September 1994: Independently floating 7 September 1994 - 30 January 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 31 January 2004 - 31 December 2004: Independently floating 1 January 2005 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 31 December 2008: Other managed arrangement 1 January 2009 - 31 January 2010: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 1 February 2010: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central ratewith an annual minimum rate of change) The Dominican Republic maintains a de facto exchange rate anchorto the US dollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.DOP.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.DOP.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.DOP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.DOP.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.DOP.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.DOP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.DOP.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.DOP.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.DOP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.DOP.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.DOP.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.DOP.USD.CA.AC.A01

Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU)

Central bank Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

Central bank's website https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/

Currency East Caribbean dollar

ISO currency code XCD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts andNevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and (since 17July 1968) Grenada

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

6 October 1965 - 6 July 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling(Eastern Caribbean Currency Union) Since 7 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar (Eastern CaribbeanCurrency Union)

Time series BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Ecuador

Capital Quito

Central bank Banco Central del Ecuador

Central bank's website https://www.bce.fin.ec/

Currency US dollar

ISO currency code USD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Ecuador, United States, American Samoa, Bonaire, British VirginIslands, El Salvador, Guam, Marshall Islands, Federated States ofMicronesia, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Panama, Puerto Rico,Saba, Saint Eustatius, Timor-Leste, Turks and Caicos Islands, VirginIslands of the United States

Legacy currency Sucre

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

ECS

Conversion rate 25,000 sucres = 1 US dollar; with effect from 13 March 2000

Currency history 13 March 2000: Introduction of the US dollar (USD); conversion rate:25,000 sucres = 1 US dollar

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

31 August 1970

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

24 February 1973 - 18 March 1983: Pegged to the US dollar 19 March 1983 - 2 March 1988: Other managed floating 3 March 1988 - 30 August 1988: Pegged to the US dollar 31 August 1988 - 30 December 1994: Other managed floating 31 December 1994 - 26 October 1995: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 27 October 1995 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 11 February 1999: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 12 February 1999 - 30 March 2000: Independently floating Since 31 March 2000: Use of the US dollar as legal tender

Comment The sucre remained legal tender alongside the US dollar until 12September 2000; since 13 September 2000, the US dollar has beenthe sole legal tender in Ecuador.

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Egypt

Capital Cairo

Central bank Central Bank of Egypt

Central bank's website http://www.cbe.org.eg/

Currency Egyptian pound

ISO currency code EGP

Subunits 100 piastres/1,000 milliems

Currency circulation Egypt

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

2 January 2005

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

7 May 1962 - 10 May 1987: Pegged to the US dollar 11 May 1987 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 29 January 2001: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 January 2001 - 28 January 2003: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 29 January 2003 - 31 January 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 February 2005 - 31 July 2007: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 August 2007 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 11 March 2009: Other managed arrangement 12 March 2009 - 31 March 2011: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 1 April 2011 - 9 November 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 10 November 2011 - 2 July 2013: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 3 July 2013 - 18 January 2015: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 19 January 2015 - 2 November 2016: Other managed arrangement 3 November 2016 - 14 March 2017: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) Since 15 March 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) Egypt maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.EGP.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.EGP.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.EGP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.EGP.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.EGP.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.EGP.USD.CA.AC.A04

BBEX3.D.EGP.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.EGP.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.EGP.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.EGP.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.EGP.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.EGP.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.EGP.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.EGP.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.EGP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.EGP.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.EGP.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.EGP.USD.CA.AC.A01

El Salvador

Capital San Salvador

Central bank Banco Central de Reserva de El Salvador

Central bank's website https://www.bcr.gob.sv/esp/

Currency El Salvador colón

ISO currency code SVC

Subunits 100 centavos

Currency circulation El Salvador

IMF membership Since 14 March 1946

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

6 November 1946

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

18 December 1946 - 15 June 1985: Pegged to the US dollar 16 June 1985 - 21 January 1986: Other managed floating 22 January 1986 - 10 July 1989: Pegged to the US dollar 11 July 1989 - 31 May 1990: Other managed floating 1 June 1990 - 31 December 1993: Independently floating 1 January 1994 - 31 December 2000: Pegged to the US dollar Since 1 January 2001: Use of the US dollar as legal tender

Comment The El Salvador colón is legal tender alongside the US dollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.SVC.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SVC.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SVC.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SVC.USD.CA.AC.A01

Equatorial Guinea

Capital Malabo

Central bank Bank of Central African States (Banque des Etats de l'AfriqueCentrale)

Central bank's website http://www.beac.int

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XAF

Currency circulation Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad,Congo, Gabon

Legacy currency Ekwele (plural: bipkwele)

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

GQE

Conversion rate 4 bipkwele = 1 CFA franc; with effect from 1 January 1985

Currency history 12 October 1969: Introduction of the Equatorial Guinean peseta;conversion rate: 1 (Spanish) peseta = 1 Equatorial Guinean peseta 29 September 1975: Introduction of the ekuele (GQE); conversionrate: 1 Equatorial Guinean peseta = 1 ekuele 15 March 1981: Introduction of the ekwele (plural: bipkwele);conversion rate: 1 ekuele = 1 ekwele 1 January 1985: Introduction of the CFA franc (XAF); conversion rate:4 bipkwele = 1 CFA franc

IMF membership Since 22 December 1969

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

12 October 1969 - 11 July 1977: Pegged to the Spanish peseta 12 July 1977 - 8 April 1979: Pegged to a currency basket 9 April 1979 - 5 August 1979: Pegged to the SDR 6 August 1979 - 31 December 1984: Pegged to the Spanish peseta 1 January 1985 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc (asof 1994, Central African Economic and Monetary Community) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (Central African Economicand Monetary Community)

Comment Member state of the Central African Economic and MonetaryCommunity (CEMAC = Communauté Économique et Monétaire del'Afrique Centrale) Independent since 12 October 1968

Time series BBEX3.A.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Eritrea

Capital Asmara

Central bank Bank of Eritrea

Central bank's website http://www.boe.gov.er

Currency Nakfa

ISO currency code ERN

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Eritrea

Legacy currency Ethiopian birr

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

ETB

Conversion rate 1 Ethiopian birr = 1 nakfa; with effect from 8 November 1997

Currency history 8 November 1997: Introduction of the nakfa (ERN); conversion rate: 1(Ethiopian) birr = 1 nakfa

IMF membership Since 6 July 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1 August 1994 - 21 November 1997: Other managed floating 22 November 1997 - 30 June 2000: Independently floating Since 1 July 2000: Conventional peg (exchange rate guarantee butno irrevocable parity)

Comment Independent (from Ethiopia) since 24 May 1993

Time series BBEX3.A.ERN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ERN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ERN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ERN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ERN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ERN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.ERN.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ERN.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ERN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ERN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ERN.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ERN.USD.CA.AC.A01

Estonia

Capital Tallinn

Central bank Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank)

Central bank's website http://www.eestipank.ee/en

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Estonian kroon

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

EEK

Conversion rate 15.6466 Estonian kroons = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2011

Currency history 20 June 1992: Introduction of the Estonian kroon (EEK); conversionrate: generally 10 Soviet roubles = 1 Estonian kroon. Cash amountsexceeding 1,500 Soviet roubles were converted at a rate of 50 Sovietroubles = 1 Estonian kroon 1 January 2011: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:15.6466 Estonian kroons = 1 euro

IMF membership Since 26 May 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 August 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

20 June 1992 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the Deutsche Mark 1 January 1999 - 31 December 2010: Pegged to the euro (from 28June 2004: Exchange rate mechanism II) Since 1 January 2011: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2011)

Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04

Eswatini (until 2018: Swaziland)

Capital Mbabane

Central bank Central Bank of Eswatini

Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.org.sz

Currency Lilangeni (plural: emalangeni)

ISO currency code SZL

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Eswatini

Legacy currency South African rand

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

ZAR

Conversion rate 1 South African rand = 1 lilangeni; with effect from 6 September 1974

Currency history 6 September 1974: Introduction of the lilangeni (SZL); conversionrate: 1 South African rand = 1 lilangeni

IMF membership Since 22 September 1969

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

11 December 1989

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Since 6 September 1974: Pegged to the South African rand

Comment The South African rand is likewise legal tender alongside the lilangeni.

Time series BBEX3.A.SZL.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SZL.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SZL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SZL.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SZL.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SZL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SZL.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SZL.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SZL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SZL.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SZL.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SZL.USD.CA.AC.A01

Ethiopia

Capital Addis Ababa

Central bank National Bank of Ethiopia

Central bank's website http://www.nbe.gov.et

Currency Birr

ISO currency code ETB

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Ethiopia

Legacy currency Ethiopian dollar

Conversion rate 1 Ethiopian dollar = 1 birr; with effect from 21 September 1976

Currency history 21 September 1976: Introduction of the birr (ETB); conversion rate: 1Ethiopian dollar = 1 birr

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

23 July 1945 - 30 April 1993: Pegged to the US dollar 1 May 1993 - 30 December 1997: Independently floating 31 December 1997 - 30 September 2003: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 October 2003 - 1 February 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 2 February 2008 - 29 April 2008: Crawling peg (moving central ratewithout a band) 30 April 2008 - 12 October 2017: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 13 October 2017 - 26 July 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 27 July 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change) Ethiopia maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.ETB.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ETB.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ETB.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ETB.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ETB.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ETB.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.ETB.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ETB.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ETB.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ETB.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ETB.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ETB.USD.CA.AC.A01

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Capital Stanley

Currency Falkland Islands pound

ISO currency code FKP

Subunits 100 pence (since the introduction of the decimal currency on 15February 1971)

Currency circulation Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

IMF membership Non-IMF-member

Comment British Overseas Territory Parity in relation to the pound sterling

Time series BBEX3.A.FKP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.FKP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.FKP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.FKP.USD.CA.AC.A01

Fiji

Capital Suva

Central bank Reserve Bank of Fiji

Central bank's website https://www.rbf.gov.fj/

Currency Fiji dollar

ISO currency code FJD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Fiji

Legacy currency Fiji pound

Conversion rate 1 Fiji pound = 2 Fiji dollar; with effect from 13 January 1969

Currency history 13 January 1969: Introduction of the Fiji dollar (FJD); conversion rate:1 Fiji pound = 2 Fiji dollar

IMF membership Since 28 May 1971

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

4 August 1972

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

25 February 1974 - 6 April 1975: Pegged to the US dollar Since 7 April 1975: Pegged to a currency basket

Comment Independent (from Great Britain) since 10 October 1970

Time series BBEX3.A.FJD.EUR.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.FJD.EUR.CM.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.FJD.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.FJD.USD.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.FJD.USD.CM.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.FJD.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.FJD.EUR.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.FJD.EUR.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.FJD.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.FJD.USD.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.FJD.USD.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.FJD.USD.CM.AC.A01

Finland

Capital Helsinki

Central bank Suomen Pankki

Central bank's website https://www.suomenpankki.fi/fi/

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Finnish markka

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

FIM

Conversion rate 5.94573 Finnish markkaa = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999

Currency history 1 January 1963: Introduction of the (new) Finnish markka (FIM);conversion rate: 100 Finnish markkaa (old) = 1 Finnish markka (new) 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:5.94573 Finnish markkaa = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from2002 onwards also in cash form)

IMF membership Since 14 January 1948

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

25 September 1979

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

4 June 1973 - 6 June 1991: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 7 June 1991 - 7 September 1992: Pegged to the ECU 8 September 1992 - 13 October 1996: Independently floating 14 October 1996 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999) Independent since 6 December 1917

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

France

Capital Paris

Central bank Banque de France

Central bank's website https://www.banque-france.fr/en

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency French franc

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

FRF

Conversion rate 6.55957 French francs = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999

Currency history 1 January 1960: Introduction of the French new franc; conversion rate:100 French franc = 1 French new franc (designated as French franc(FRF) since 1 January 1963) 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:6.55957 French franc = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from2002 onwards also in cash form)

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 February 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

24 April 1972 - 20 January 1974: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement) 21 January 1974: Withdrawal from the cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 21 January 1974 - 9 July 1975: Independently floating 10 July 1975 - 14 March 1976: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement) 15 March 1976: Withdrawal from the cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 15 March 1976 - 12 March 1979: Independently floating 13 March 1979 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Gabon

Capital Libreville

Central bank Bank of Central African States (Banque des Etats de l'AfriqueCentrale)

Central bank's website http://www.beac.int

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XAF

Currency circulation Gabon, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, EquatorialGuinea

IMF membership Since 10 September 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, Central African Monetary Community; as of 1994, CentralAfrican Economic and Monetary Community) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (Central African Economicand Monetary Community)

Comment Member state of the Central African Economic and MonetaryCommunity (CEMAC = Communauté Économique et Monétaire del'Afrique Centrale) Independent since 17 August 1960

Time series BBEX3.A.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Gambia

Capital Banjul

Central bank Central Bank of The Gambia

Central bank's website http://www.cbg.gm

Currency Dalasi

ISO currency code GMD

Subunits 100 bututs

Currency circulation Gambia

Legacy currency Gambian pound

Conversion rate 1 Gambian pound = 5 dalasi; with effect from 1 July 1971

Currency history 5 October 1964: Introduction of the Gambian pound; conversion rate:1 West African pound = 1 Gambian pound 1 July 1971: Introduction of the dalasi (GMD); conversion rate: 1Gambian pound = 5 dalasi

IMF membership Since 21 September 1967

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

21 January 1993

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

5 October 1964 - 19 January 1986: Pegged to the British poundsterling 20 January 1986 - 29 June 2002: Independently floating 30 June 2002 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 31 December 2012: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 January 2013 - 31 December 2013: Other managed arrangement 1 January 2014 - 3 May 2015: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) Since 4 May 2015: Other managed arrangement

Comment Independent since 18 February 1965

Time series BBEX3.A.GMD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GMD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.GMD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GMD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Georgia

Capital Tbilisi

Central bank National Bank of Georgia

Central bank's website http://www.nbg.gov.ge

Currency Lari

ISO currency code GEL

Subunits 100 tetri

Currency circulation Georgia

Legacy currency Georgian coupon

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

GEK

Conversion rate 1,000,000 Georgian coupons = 1 lari; with effect from 25 September1995

Currency history 5 April 1993: Introduction of the Georgian coupon as a new legaltender in parallel to the rouble 3 August 1993: The Georgian coupon (GEK) becomes the sole legaltender; conversion rate: 1 rouble = 1 Georgian coupon 25 September 1995: Introduction of the lari (GEL); conversion rate:1,000,000 Georgian coupon = 1 lari

IMF membership Since 05 May 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

20 December 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

5 May 1992 - 4 April 1993: Use of the Soviet/Russian rouble as legaltender 5 April 1993 - 2 August 1993: Pegged to the Soviet/Russian rouble 3 August 1993 - 31 March 1994: Independently floating 1 April 1994 - 6 December 1998: Other managed floating 7 December 1998 - 31 December 2002: Independently floating 1 January 2003 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 31 August 2008: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 September 2008 - 5 March 2009: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 6 March 2009 - 31 December 2009: Other managed arrangement 1 January 2010 - 30 June 2012: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 July 2012 - 5 November 2013: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 6 November 2013: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.GEL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GEL.USD.CA.AC.A04

BBEX3.D.GEL.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.GEL.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.GEL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GEL.USD.CA.AC.A01

Germany

Capital Berlin

Central bank Deutsche Bundesbank

Central bank's website https://www.bundesbank.de/en

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Deutsche Mark

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

DEM

Conversion rate 1.95583 Deutsche Mark = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999

Currency history 21 June 1948: Introduction of the Deutsche Mark (DEM); generalconversion rate: 10 Reichsmark = 1 Deutsche Mark (for certain oldcash balances: 100 Reichsmark = 6.50 Deutsche Mark; for certainReichsmark liabilities: 1 Reichsmark = 1 Deutsche Mark) 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:1.95583 Deutsche Mark = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from2002 onwards also in cash form) Former German Democratic Republic (GDR) 24 June 1948: Conversion from Reichsmark to Reichsmark withadhesive special coupons, generally at a rate of 10:1 25 July 1948: Introduction of the Deutsche Mark of the Germancentral bank; conversion rate: 1 Reichsmark with adhesive specialcoupon = 1 Deutsche Mark of the German central bank 1 August 1964: Introduction of the Mark of the German central bank;conversion rate: 1 Deutsche Mark of the German central bank = 1Mark of the German central bank 1 January 1968: Introduction of the Mark of the German DemocraticRepublic; conversion rate: 1 Mark of the German central bank = 1Mark of the German Democratic Republic 1 July 1990: Introduction of the Deutsche Mark; general conversionrate: 2 Mark of the German Democratic Republic = 1 Deutsche Mark(depending on the age of the citizens of the former GDR entitled toconvert currency, credit balances of up to 2,000, 4,000 or 6,000 Mark

of the German Democratic Republic per capita were converted at arate of 1:1)

IMF membership Since 14 August 1952

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 February 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

24 April 1972 - 12 March 1979: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement) 13 March 1979 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Ghana

Capital Accra

Central bank Bank of Ghana

Central bank's website http://www.bog.gov.gh/

Currency Ghana cedi

ISO currency code GHS

Subunits 100 Ghana pesewas

Currency circulation Ghana

Legacy currency Cedi

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

GHC

Conversion rate 10,000 cedi = 1 Ghana cedi; with effect from 1 July 2007

Currency history 14 July 1958: Introduction of the Ghana pound; conversion rate: 1West African pound = 1 Ghana pound 19 July 1965: Introduction of the cedi; conversion rate: 1 Ghanapound = 2.40 cedi 23 February 1967: Introduction of the new cedi; conversion rate: 1.20cedi = 1 new cedi (from 16 February 1972 cedi (GHC)) 1 July 2007: Introduction of the Ghana cedi (GHS); conversion rate:10,000 cedi = 1 Ghana cedi

IMF membership Since 20 September 1957

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

2 February 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

12 February 1973 - 18 June 1978: Pegged to the US dollar 19 June 1978 - 18 April 1985: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis the USdollar 19 April 1985 - 18 September 1986: Pegged to the US dollar 19 September 1986 - 29 June 2001: Independently floating 30 June 2001 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Comment Independent (from Great Britain) since 6 March 1957

Time series BBEX3.A.GHS.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.GHS.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.GHS.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GHS.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.GHS.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.GHS.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.GHS.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.GHS.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.GHS.EUR.CA.AC.A01

BBEX3.M.GHS.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.GHS.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.GHS.USD.CA.AC.A01

Gibraltar

Currency Gibraltar pound

ISO currency code GIP

Subunits 100 pence (since the introduction of the decimal currency on 15February 1971)

Currency circulation Gibraltar

IMF membership Non-IMF-member

Comment British Overseas Territory Parity in relation to the pound sterling

Time series BBEX3.A.GIP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GIP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.GIP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GIP.USD.CA.AC.A01

Greece

Capital Athens

Central bank Bank of Greece

Central bank's website https://www.bankofgreece.gr/en/homepage

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Greek drachma

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

GRD

Conversion rate 340.750 Greek drachmas = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2001

Currency history 1 May 1954: Introduction of the (new) drachma (GRD); conversionrate: 1,000 drachmas (old) = 1 drachma (new) 1 January 2001: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:340.750 drachmas = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from 2002onwards also in cash form)

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

22 July 1992

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

8 March 1975 - 1976: Pegged to a trade weighted currency basket 1976 - 15 March 1998: Other managed floating 16 March 1998 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) 1 January 1999 - 31 December 2000: Pegged to the euro (Exchangerate mechanism II) Since 1 January 2001: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2001)

Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04

Grenada

Capital St. George's

Central bank Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

Central bank's website https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/

Currency East Caribbean dollar

ISO currency code XCD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Grenada, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Montserrat, SaintKitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Legacy currency Trinidad and Tobago dollar

Conversion rate 1 Trinidad and Tobago dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar; with effectfrom 17 July 1968

Currency history 17 July 1968: Introduction of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD);conversion rate: 1 Trinidad and Tobago dollar = 1 East Caribbeandollar. Until mid-1967, the British West Indies dollar was also incirculation as legal tender alongside the Trinidad and Tobago dollar ata rate of 1:1. From mid-1952 until the introduction of the Trinidad andTobago dollar in Grenada (mid-December 1964 at the earliest), theBritish West Indies dollar was legal tender.

IMF membership Since 27 August 1975

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

24 January 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

17 July 1968 - 6 July 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling(Eastern Caribbean Currency Union) Since 7 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar (Eastern CaribbeanCurrency Union)

Comment Grenada participates in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union. Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and theGrenadines were once referred to as the Windward Islands. Independent since 7 February 1974 (formerly: British colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A01

BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Guatemala

Capital Guatemala City

Central bank Banco de Guatemala

Central bank's website http://www.banguat.gob.gt/

Currency Quetzal

ISO currency code GTQ

Subunits 100 centavos

Currency circulation Guatemala

IMF membership Since 28 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

27 January 1947

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

10 May 1972 - 2 November 1989: Pegged to the US dollar 3 November 1989 - 29 June 1999: Independently floating 30 June 1999 - 31 December 2002: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2003 - 30 April 2004: Independently floating 1 May 2004 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with no predeterminedpath for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 31 May 2011: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 1 June 2011 - 12 March 2012: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 13 March 2012 - 21 March 2017: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 22 March 2017 - 16 January 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 17 January 2018 - 25 September 2018: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 26 September 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) Guatemala maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.GTQ.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GTQ.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.GTQ.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GTQ.USD.CA.AC.A01

Guinea

Capital Conakry

Central bank Banque Centrale de la Republique de Guinee

Central bank's website http://www.bcrg-guinee.org

Currency Guinean franc

ISO currency code GNF

Currency circulation Guinea

Legacy currency Syli

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

GNS

Conversion rate 1 syli = 1 Guinean franc; with effect from 6 January 1986

Currency history 1 March 1960: Introduction of the Guinean franc; conversion rate: 1CFA franc = 1 Guinean franc 2 October 1972: Introduction of the syli (GNS); conversion rate: 10Guinean franc = 1 syli 6 January 1986: Introduction of the Guinean franc (GNF); conversionrate: 1 syli = 1 Guinean franc

IMF membership Since 28 September 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

17 November 1995

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

2 October 1972 - 10 June 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 11 June 1975 - 5 January 1986: Pegged to the SDR 6 January 1986 - 31 May 1986: Pegged to the US dollar 1 June 1986 - 20 September 1988: Independently floating 21 September 1988 - 30 June 1994: Other managed floating 1 July 1994 - 29 June 2001: Independently floating 30 June 2001 - 31 December 2001: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2002 - 28 February 2005: Conventional peg (exchangerate guarantee but no irrevocable parity) 1 March 2005 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 31 May 2009: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 1 June 2009 - 5 August 2013: Other managed arrangement 6 August 2013 - 4 February 2015: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 5 February 2015 - 2 July 2017: Other managed arrangement Since 3 July 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) Guinea maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Comment Independent since 2 October 1958

Time series BBEX3.A.GNF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GNF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.GNF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GNF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Guinea-Bissau

Capital Bissau

Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)

Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XOF

Currency circulation Guinea-Bissau, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger,Senegal, Togo

Legacy currency Guinea-Bissau peso

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

GWP

Conversion rate 65 Guinea-Bissau pesos = 1 CFA franc; with effect from 2 May 1997

Currency history 28 February 1976: Introduction of the Guinean peso (GWP);conversion rate: 1 Guinean escudo (GWE) = 1 Guinea-Bissau peso 2 May 1997: Introduction of the CFA franc (XOF); conversion rate: 65Guinea-Bissau pesos = 1 CFA franc

IMF membership Since 24 March 1977

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 January 1997

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

28 February 1976 - 25 May 1978: Pegged to the Portuguese escudo 26 May 1978 - 22 December 1982: Pegged to the SDR 23 December 1982 - 1 May 1997: Other managed floating 2 May 1997 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc (WestAfrican Economic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)

Comment Since 17 April 1997 member state of the West African Economic andMonetary Union (UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire OuestAfricaine) Independent since 24 September 1973

Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Guyana (until 1965: British Guiana)

Capital Georgetown

Central bank Bank of Guyana

Central bank's website https://www.bankofguyana.org.gy/bog/

Currency Guyana dollar

ISO currency code GYD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Guyana

Legacy currency British West Indies dollar

Conversion rate 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 Guyana dollar; with effect from 15November 1965

Currency history 15 November 1965: Introduction of the Guyana dollar (GYD);conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 Guyana dollar

IMF membership Since 26 September 1966

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

27 December 1966

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 May 1966 - 8 October 1975: Pegged to the British pound sterling 9 October 1975 - 1 June 1981: Pegged to the US dollar 2 June 1981 - 5 October 1984: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis the USdollar 6 October 1984 - 18 January 1987: Pegged to a currency basket 19 January 1987 - 20 February 1991: Pegged to the US dollar 21 February 1991 - 29 June 2001: Independently floating 30 June 2001 - 31 December 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 1 January 2005: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate withina narrow band without any political obligation)

Comment Independent since 26 May 1966 (formerly: British colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.GYD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.GYD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.GYD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GYD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.GYD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.GYD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.GYD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.GYD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.GYD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GYD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.GYD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.GYD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Haiti

Capital Port-au-Prince

Central bank Banque de la République d'Haiti

Central bank's website https://www.brh.ht/

Currency Gourde

ISO currency code HTG

Subunits 100 centimes

Currency circulation Haiti

IMF membership Since 08 September 1953

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

22 December 1953

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

12 April 1919 - 15 September 1991: Pegged to the US dollar 16 September 1991 - 31 December 2002: Independently floating 1 January 2003 - 31 March 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 April 2008 - 10 January 2010: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 11 January 2010 - 29 March 2010: Other managed arrangement 30 March 2010 - 28 June 2015: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 29 June 2015 - 4 June 2017: Other managed arrangement Since 5 June 2017: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change) Haiti maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.HTG.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.HTG.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.HTG.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HTG.USD.CA.AC.A01

Honduras

Capital Tegucigalpa

Central bank Banco Central de Honduras

Central bank's website https://www.bch.hn/

Currency Lempira

ISO currency code HNL

Subunits 100 centavos

Currency circulation Honduras

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 July 1950

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1934 - 12 March 1990: Pegged to the US dollar 13 March 1990 - 12 February 1992: Other managed floating 13 February 1992 - 16 July 1994: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) 17 July 1994 - 30 May 2005: Exchange rates within a crawling band 31 May 2005 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 24 June 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 25 June 2011: Crawling peg (moving central rate without aband)

Time series BBEX3.A.HNL.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.HNL.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.HNL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.HNL.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.HNL.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.HNL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.HNL.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.HNL.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.HNL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HNL.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.HNL.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.HNL.USD.CA.AC.A01

Hong Kong

Capital Hong Kong

Central bank Hong Kong Monetary Authority

Central bank's website http://www.hkma.gov.hk/

Currency Hong Kong dollar

ISO currency code HKD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Hong Kong, Macao

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 February 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

25 November 1974 - 16 October 1983: Independently floating Since 17 October 1983: Pegged to the US dollar

Comment Chinese Special Administrative Region since 1 July 1997 (formerly:British crown colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.HKD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.HKD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.HKD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HKD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.HKD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.HKD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.HKD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.HKD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.HKD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.HKD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.HKD.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.HKD.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.HKD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.HKD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.HKD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.HKD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HKD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.HKD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.HKD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Hungary

Capital Budapest

Central bank Central Bank of Hungary

Central bank's website http://english.mnb.hu

Currency Hungarian forint

ISO currency code HUF

Subunits 100 fillér

Currency circulation Hungary

IMF membership Since 06 May 1982

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 January 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

6 May 1982 - 15 March 1995: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 16 March 1995 - 30 September 2001: Exchange rates against acurrency basket (70% ECU as of 1999, euro; 30% US dollar) within acrawling band 1 October 2001 - 25 February 2008: Pegged exchange rate againstthe euro within horizontal bands 26 February 2008 - 28 February 2009: Free floating (market-determined with intervention in exceptional cases only) Since 1 March 2009: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.HUF.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.HUF.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.HUF.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HUF.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.HUF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.HUF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.HUF.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.HUF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HUF.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HUF.USD.CA.AC.A02

Iceland

Capital Reykjavík

Central bank Sedlabanki Islands

Central bank's website http://www.sedlabanki.is

Currency Icelandic krona

ISO currency code ISK

Currency circulation Iceland

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

ISK

Conversion rate 100 Icelandic krona (old) = 1 Icelandic krona (new); with effect from 1January 1981

Currency history 1 January 1981: Introduction of the new Icelandic krona (ISK);conversion rate: 100 Icelandic krona (old) = 1 Icelandic krona (new)

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

19 September 1983

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

15 June 1973 - 30 January 1977: Independently floating 31 January 1977 - 19 May 1988: Other managed floating 20 May 1988 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to a currency basket 1 January 1999 - 27 March 2001: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 28 March 2001 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 14 October 2008: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) Since 15 October 2008: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.ISK.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ISK.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ISK.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ISK.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.ISK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ISK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ISK.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ISK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ISK.USD.CA.AC.A01

India

Capital New Delhi

Central bank Reserve Bank of India

Central bank's website http://www.rbi.org.in

Currency Indian rupee

ISO currency code INR

Subunits 100 paise (since the introduction of the decimal currency on 1 April1957)

Currency circulation India Bhutan

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

20 August 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

20 December 1971 - 24 September 1975: Pegged to the British poundsterling 25 September 1975 - 28 February 1993: Pegged to a currencybasket 1 March 1993 - 31 December 1999: Independently floating 1 January 2000 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Comment Units of account for larger amounts are as follows: 1 lakh (in digits:1,00,000) = 100,000 rupees; 1 crore (in digits: 1,00,00,000) = 100 lakh= 10,000,000 rupees.

Time series BBEX3.A.INR.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.INR.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.INR.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.INR.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.INR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.INR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.INR.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.INR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.INR.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.INR.USD.CA.AC.A02

Indonesia

Capital Jakarta

Central bank Bank Indonesia

Central bank's website http://www.bi.go.id/web/en

Currency Indonesian rupiah

ISO currency code IDR

Subunits 100 sen

Currency circulation Indonesia

Legacy currency Indonesian rupiah

Conversion rate 1,000 Indonesian rupiah (old) = 1 Indonesian rupiah (new); with effectfrom 13 December 1965

Currency history 3 October 1951: Introduction of the Indonesian rupiah; conversionrate: 1 Indonesian guilder = 1 Indonesian rupiah 13 December 1965: Introduction of the new Indonesian rupiah (IDR);conversion rate: 1,000 Indonesian rupiah (old) = 1 Indonesian rupiah(new)

IMF membership Since 21 February 1967

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

7 May 1988

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

23 August 1971 - 15 November 1978: Pegged to the US dollar 16 November 1978 - 30 March 1982: Pegged to a trade weightedcurrency basket 31 March 1982 - 29 March 1983: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis the USdollar 30 March 1983 - 13 August 1997: Other managed floating 14 August 1997 - 29 June 2001: Independently floating 30 June 2001 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 20 June 2010: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 21 June 2010 - 13 February 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 14 February 2011 - 31 May 2012: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 June 2012 - 18 August 2013: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 19 August 2013 - 11 January 2017: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 12 January 2017 - 31 December 2017: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 1 January 2018: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.IDR.EUR.BB.AC.A04

BBEX3.D.IDR.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.IDR.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.IDR.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.IDR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.IDR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.IDR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.IDR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.IDR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.IDR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.IDR.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.IDR.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.IDR.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.IDR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.IDR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.IDR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.IDR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.IDR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.IDR.USD.CA.AC.A01

Iran, Islamic Republic of

Capital Tehran

Central bank Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Central bank's website http://www.cbi.ir/default_en.aspx

Currency Iranian rial

ISO currency code IRR

Subunits 100 dinars

Currency circulation Iran, Islamic Republic of

IMF membership Since 28 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

6 September 2004

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

12 February 1975 - 31 March 1978: Pegged to the SDR 1 April 1978 - 21 May 1980: Pegged exchange rate within horizontalbands 22 May 1980 - 20 March 1993: Pegged to the SDR 21 March 1993 - May 1995: Independently floating May 1995 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 20 March 2002: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 21 March 2002 - 31 December 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2005 - 30 September 2006: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 1 October 2006 - 3 January 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 4 January 2008 - 29 February 2008: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 1 March 2008 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 9 June 2009: Other managed arrangement 10 June 2009 - 30 April 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 May 2011 - 2 July 2013: Other managed arrangement 3 July 2013 - 23 March 2014: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 24 March 2014 - 6 August 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 7 August 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) The Islamic Republic of Iran maintains a de facto exchange rateanchor to the US dollar.

Comment Alongside the official exchange rates, there are bureau de changerates (see time series).

The term "toman" (an old Persian currency) is also used to denote 10Iranian rials.

Time series BBEX3.A.IRR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.IRR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.IRR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.IRR.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.IRR.EUR.CA.AC.B04 BBEX3.A.IRR.USD.CA.AC.B04 BBEX3.M.IRR.EUR.CA.AC.B01 BBEX3.M.IRR.USD.CA.AC.B01

Iraq

Capital Baghdad

Central bank Central Bank of Iraq

Central bank's website http://www.cbi.iq

Currency Iraqi dinar

ISO currency code IQD

Subunits 1,000 fils

Currency circulation Iraq

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

20 September 1949 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the US dollar 1 January 1999 - 29 June 2001: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 June 2001 - 30 April 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 May 2004 - 31 October 2006: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 November 2006 - 31 December 2008: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 1 January 2009 - 14 January 2012: Stabilised arrangement againstthe US dollar (exchange rate within a narrow band without any politicalobligation) Since 15 January 2012: Conventional peg (exchange rate guaranteebut no irrevocable parity)

Time series BBEX3.A.IQD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.IQD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.IQD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.IQD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.IQD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.IQD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.IQD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.IQD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.IQD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.IQD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.IQD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.IQD.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.IQD.EUR.CA.AB.B04 BBEX3.A.IQD.USD.CA.AB.B04 BBEX3.M.IQD.EUR.CA.AB.B01 BBEX3.M.IQD.USD.CA.AB.B01

Ireland

Capital Dublin

Central bank Central Bank of Ireland

Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.ie/

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Irish pound

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

IEP

Conversion rate 0.787564 Irish pounds = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999

Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:0.787564 Irish pounds = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from2002 onwards also in cash form)

IMF membership Since 8 August 1957

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 February 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1826 - 29 March 1979: Pegged to the British pound sterling 13 March 1979 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)

Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04

Israel

Capital Jerusalem

Central bank Bank of Israel

Central bank's website https://www.boi.org.il/en/Pages/Default.aspx

Currency New shekel

ISO currency code ILS

Subunits 100 agorot

Currency circulation Israel

Legacy currency Shekel

Conversion rate 1,000 shekel = 1 New shekel; with effect from 4 September 1985

Currency history 17 August 1948: Introduction of the Israeli pound (ILP); conversionrate: 1 Palestine pound = 1 Israeli pound 22 February 1980: Introduction of the shekel (ILS); conversion rate:10 Israeli pound = 1 shekel 4 September 1985: Introduction of the New shekel; conversion rate:1,000 shekel = 1 New shekel

IMF membership Since 12 July 1954

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

21 September 1993

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

5 August 1954 - 5 August 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 6 August 1975 - 27 October 1977: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 28 October 1977 - 30 December 1983: Independently floating 31 December 1983 - 31 July 1986: Other managed floating 1 August 1986 - 16 December 1991: Pegged to a currency basket 17 December 1991 - 31 December 2003: Other managed floating 1 January 2004 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 9 August 2009: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only) 10 August 2009 - 31 July 2011: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 August 2011 - 12 May 2013: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only) Since 13 May 2013: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.ILS.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ILS.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ILS.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ILS.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.ILS.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ILS.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ILS.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ILS.EUR.CA.AC.A01

BBEX3.M.ILS.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ILS.USD.CA.AC.A02

Italy

Capital Rome

Central bank Bank of Italy

Central bank's website http://www.bancaditalia.it

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Italian lira

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

ITL

Conversion rate 1,936.27 Italian lire = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999

Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:1,936.27 Italian lire = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from 2002onwards also in cash form)

IMF membership Since 27 March 1947

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 February 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

24 April 1972 - 12 February 1973: Cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 13 February 1973: Withdrawal from the cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 13 February 1973 - 12 March 1979: Independently floating 13 March 1979 - 16 September 1992: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) 17 September 1992: Withdrawal from the European MonetarySystem 17 September 1992 - 24 November 1996: Independently floating 25 November 1996 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)

Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01

BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04

Jamaica

Capital Kingston

Central bank Bank of Jamaica

Central bank's website http://www.boj.org.jm/

Currency Jamaican dollar

ISO currency code JMD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Jamaica

Legacy currency Jamaican pound

Conversion rate 1 Jamaican pound = 2 Jamaican dollar; with effect from 8 September1969

Currency history 8 September 1969: Introduction of the Jamaican dollar (JMD);conversion rate: 1 Jamaican pound = 2 Jamaican dollar

IMF membership Since 21 February 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

22 February 1963

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

18 December 1971 - 23 November 1983: Pegged to the US dollar 24 November 1983 - 3 September 1984: Other managed floating 4 September 1984 - 30 December 1986: Independently floating 31 December 1986 - 31 October 1989: Other managed floating 1 November 1989 - 16 September 1990: Pegged to the US dollar 17 September 1990 - 31 December 1998: Independently floating 1 January 1999 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 9 February 2009: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 10 February 2009 - 31 May 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 June 2011 - 30 October 2016: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 31 October 2016 - 14 September 2017: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 15 September 2017: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Comment Independent since 6 August 1962 (formerly: British colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.JMD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.JMD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.JMD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.JMD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.JMD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.JMD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.JMD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.JMD.EUR.CA.AB.A01

BBEX3.M.JMD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.JMD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.JMD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.JMD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Japan

Capital Tokyo

Central bank Bank of Japan

Central bank's website https://www.boj.or.jp/en/index.htm/

Currency Japanese yen

ISO currency code JPY

Subunits 100 sen

Currency circulation Japan

IMF membership Since 13 August 1952

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 April 1964

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Since 14 February 1973: Independently floating

Time series BBEX3.A.JPY.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.JPY.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.JPY.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.JPY.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.JPY.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.JPY.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.JPY.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.JPY.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.JPY.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.JPY.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.JPY.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.JPY.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.JPY.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.JPY.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.JPY.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.JPY.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.JPY.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.JPY.USD.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.JPY.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.JPY.USD.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.JPY.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.JPY.USD.CA.AC.A02

Jordan

Capital Amman

Central bank Central Bank of Jordan

Central bank's website http://www.cbj.gov.jo/

Currency Jordanian dinar

ISO currency code JOD

Subunits 1,000 fils

Currency circulation Jordan

Legacy currency Palestine pound

Conversion rate 1 Palestine pound = 1 Jordanian dinar; with effect from 1 July 1950

Currency history 1 July 1950: Introduction of the Jordanian dinar (JOD); conversionrate: 1 Palestine pound = 1 Jordanian dinar

IMF membership Since 29 August 1952

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

20 February 1995

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

22 February 1975 - 7 February 1989: Pegged to the SDR 8 February 1989 - 30 May 1989: Pegged to the US dollar 31 May 1989 - 22 October 1995: Pegged to a currency basket Since 23 October 1995: Pegged to the US dollar

Time series BBEX3.A.JOD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.JOD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.JOD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.JOD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.JOD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.JOD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.JOD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.JOD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.JOD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.JOD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.JOD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.JOD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Kazakhstan

Capital Nur-Sultan (Renamed to March 23, 2019, before Astana)

Central bank National Bank of Kazakhstan

Central bank's website http://www.nationalbank.kz

Currency Tenge

ISO currency code KZT

Subunits 100 tiyn

Currency circulation Kazakhstan

Legacy currency Russian rouble

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

RUR

Conversion rate 500 Russian rouble = 1 tenge, with effect from 15. November 1993

Currency history 15 November 1993: Introduction of the tenge (KZT); conversion rate:500 Russian rouble (RUR) = 1 tenge

IMF membership Since 15 July 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

16 July 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

14 August 1992 - 14 November 1993: Use of the Soviet/Russianrouble as legal tender 15 November 1993 - 30 December 1997: Independently floating 31 December 1997 - 1 April 1999: Other managed floating 2 April 1999 - 29 September 2000: Independently floating 30 September 2000 - 30 September 2007: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 October 2007 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 3 February 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 4 February 2009 - 30 April 2009: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 1 May 2009 - 27 October 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 28 October 2009 - 10 February 2014: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 11 February 2014 - 19 August 2015: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 20 August 2015 - 14 December 2015: Other managed arrangement Since 15 December 2015: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.KZT.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KZT.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.KZT.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.KZT.USD.CA.AC.000

BBEX3.M.KZT.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KZT.USD.CA.AC.A01

Kenya

Capital Nairobi

Central bank Central Bank of Kenya

Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.go.ke/

Currency Kenya shilling

ISO currency code KES

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Kenya

Legacy currency East African shilling

Conversion rate 1 East African shilling = 1 Kenya shilling; with effect from 14September 1966

Currency history 14 September 1966: Introduction of the Kenya shilling (KES);conversion rate: 1 East African shilling = 1 Kenya shilling

IMF membership Since 3 February 1964

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

30 June 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

11 October 1971 - 26 October 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 27 October 1975 - 30 December 1987: Pegged to the SDR 31 December 1987 - 17 October 1993: Pegged to a currency basket 18 October 1993 - 29 April 1998: Independently floating 30 April 1998 - 3 November 2015: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 4 November 2015 - 30 October 2018: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 31 October 2018: Other managed arrangement

Comment The term "Kenya pound" is a unit of account equivalent to 20 Kenyashillings.

Time series BBEX3.A.KES.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KES.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KES.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KES.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KES.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KES.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.KES.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KES.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KES.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KES.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KES.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KES.USD.CA.AC.A01

Kiribati

Capital Bairiki (Tarawa)

Currency Australian dollar

ISO currency code AUD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Australia, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Kiribati, Nauru, NorfolkIsland, Tuvalu

IMF membership Since 3 June 1986

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

22 August 1986

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Since 12 July 1979: Use of the Australian dollar as legal tender

Comment Independent since 12 July 1979; local currency is also in use.

Time series BBEX3.A.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.AUD.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AUD.USD.CM.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A02

Korea, Democratic People's Republic of

Capital Pyongyang

Central bank Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Currency North Korean won

ISO currency code KPW

Subunits 100 chon

Currency circulation Korea, Democratic People's Republic of

Legacy currency Won

Conversion rate 100 North Korean won (old) = 1 North Korean won (new); with effectfrom 1 January 2010

Currency history February 1959: Introduction of the new North Korean won (KPW);conversion rate: 100 North Korean won (old) = 1 North Korean won(new) 1 January 2010: Introduction of the new North Korean won (KPW);conversion rate: 100 North Korean won (old) = 1 North Korean won(new)

IMF membership Non-IMF-member

Comment According to unconfirmed press reports, the currency changeoveroccurred at the end of November/beginning of December 2009. Untilthe end of December 2009, exchange rates were communicated inwon (old); according to the Foreign Trade Bank of the DemocraticPeople's Republic of Korea, the "new" rates took effect from 1 January2010.

Time series BBEX3.A.KPW.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KPW.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KPW.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KPW.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KPW.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KPW.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.KPW.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KPW.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KPW.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KPW.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KPW.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KPW.USD.CA.AC.A01

Korea, Republic of

Capital Seoul

Central bank The Bank of Korea

Central bank's website http://eng.bok.or.kr/

Currency South Korean won

ISO currency code KRW

Subunits 100 chon

Currency circulation Korea, Republic of

Legacy currency Hwan

Conversion rate 10 hwan = 1 South Korean won; with effect from 10 June 1962

Currency history 17 February 1953: Introduction of the hwan; conversion rate: 100 won= 1 hwan 10 June 1962: Introduction of the South Korean won (KRW);conversion rate: 10 hwan = 1 South Korean won

IMF membership Since 26 August 1955

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 November 1988

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

10 June 1962 - 26 February 1980: Pegged to the US dollar 27 February 1980 - 1 March 1990: Pegged to a currency basket 2 March 1990 - 15 December 1997: Other managed floating 16 December 1997 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 30 April 2009: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only) Since 1 May 2009: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.KRW.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.KRW.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.KRW.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KRW.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.KRW.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KRW.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KRW.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KRW.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KRW.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KRW.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.KRW.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.KRW.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.KRW.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.KRW.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KRW.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KRW.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KRW.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KRW.USD.CA.AA.A02

BBEX3.M.KRW.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KRW.USD.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.KRW.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KRW.USD.CA.AC.A02

Kosovo

Capital Pristina

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

IMF membership Since 29 June 2009

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Since 17 February 2008: Use of the euro as legal tender

Comment Independent (from Serbia) since 17 February 2008

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Kuwait

Capital Kuwait

Central bank Central Bank of Kuwait

Central bank's website http://www.cbk.gov.kw

Currency Kuwaiti dinar

ISO currency code KWD

Subunits 1,000 fils

Currency circulation Kuwait

Legacy currency Gulf rupee (parity in relation to the Indian rupee)

Conversion rate 1 Gulf rupee = 0,075 Kuwaiti dinar; with effect from 1 April 1961

Currency history 1 April 1961: Introduction of the Kuwaiti dinar (KWD); conversion rate:1 Gulf rupee = 0.075 Kuwaiti dinar

IMF membership Since 13 September 1962

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

5 April 1963

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 April 1963 - 17 March 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 18 March 1975 - 4 January 2003: Pegged to a currency basket 5 January 2003 - 19 May 2007: Pegged to the US dollar 20 May 2007 - 28 February 2009: Other managed floating Since 1 March 2009: Pegged to a currency basket

Comment Independent since 19 June 1961

Time series BBEX3.A.KWD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KWD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KWD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KWD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KWD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KWD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.KWD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KWD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KWD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KWD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KWD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KWD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Kyrgyzstan

Capital Bishkek

Central bank National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic

Central bank's website http://www.nbkr.kg

Currency Kyrgyz som

ISO currency code KGS

Subunits 100 tyiyn

Currency circulation Kyrgyzstan

Legacy currency Soviet rouble

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

RUR

Conversion rate 200 Soviet rouble = 1 Kyrgyz som; with effect from 10 May 1993

Currency history 10 May 1993: Introduction of the Kyrgyz som (KGS); conversion rate:200 rouble = 1 Kyrgyz som

IMF membership Since 08 May 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

29 March 1995

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

31 August 1991 - 14 May 1993: Use of the Soviet rouble as legaltender 15 May 1993 - 30 December 1995: Independently floating 31 December 1995 - 28 February 2007: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 March 2007 - 30 September 2007: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement against the US dollar 1 October 2007 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 10 July 2017: Other managed arrangement Since 11 July 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) Kyrgyzstan maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.KGS.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KGS.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.KGS.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.KGS.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.KGS.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KGS.USD.CA.AC.A01

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Capital Vientiane

Central bank Bank of the Lao PDR

Central bank's website http://www.bol.gov.la/english/index1.php

Currency Kip

ISO currency code LAK

Currency circulation Lao People s Democratic Republic

Legacy currency Liberation kip

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

LAK

Conversion rate 100 libération kip = 1 kip; with effect from 10 December 1979

Currency history 5 May 1955: Introduction of the kip; conversion rate: 1 Indochinesepiastre = 1 kip 15 June 1976: Introduction of the kip de libération (LAK); conversionrate: 20 kip = 1 kip de libération 10 December 1979: Introduction of the kip (also initially know as thenew kip); conversion rate: 100 kip de libération = 1 kip

IMF membership Since 5 July 1961

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

28 May 2010

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

16 December 1969 - October 1988: Pegged to the US dollar October 1988 - 29 September 1995: Other managed floating 30 September 1995 - 30 March 1997: Independently floating 31 March 1997 - 31 December 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2007 - 30 November 2007: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 December 2007 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 11 March 2008: Other managed arrangement 12 March 2008 - 31 December 2012: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 January 2013 - 21 January 2015: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 22 January 2015 - 1 September 2016: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 2 September 2016: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) Lao maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.LAK.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LAK.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LAK.EUR.CA.AC.A04

BBEX3.A.LAK.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LAK.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LAK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.LAK.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LAK.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LAK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.LAK.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LAK.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LAK.USD.CA.AC.A01

Latvia

Capital Riga

Central bank Bank of Latvia

Central bank's website http://www.bank.lv/

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Latvian lats

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

LVL

Conversion rate 0.702804 Latvian lats = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2014

Currency history 7 May 1992: Introduction of the Latvian rouble (LVR); conversion rate:1 Soviet rouble = 1 Latvian rouble; the Soviet rouble was also legaltender until 19 July 1992 28 June 1993: Introduction of the Latvian lats (LVL); conversion rate:200 Latvian roubles = 1 Latvian lats; the Latvian rouble was also legaltender (at this rate) until 17 October 1993 1 January 2014: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:0.702804 Latvian lats = 1 euro

IMF membership Since 19 May 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

10 June 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

7 May 1992 - 19 July 1992: Pegged to the Soviet rouble 20 July 1992 - 31 January 1994: Independently floating 1 February 1994 - 31 December 2004: Pegged to the SDR 1 January 2005 - 31 December 2013: Pegged to the euro (from 2May 2005: Exchange rate mechanism II) Since 1 January 2014: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2014)

Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04

Lebanon

Capital Beirut

Central bank Banque du Liban

Central bank's website http://www.bdl.gov.lb

Currency Lebanese pound

ISO currency code LBP

Subunits 100 piastres

Currency circulation Lebanon

IMF membership Since 14 April 1947

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 July 1993

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1 January 1965 - 31 December 1998: Independently floating 1 January 1999 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement Since 30 April 2008: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation)

Time series BBEX3.A.LBP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.LBP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.LBP.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.LBP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.LBP.USD.CA.AC.A01

Lesotho

Capital Maseru

Central bank Central Bank of Lesotho

Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.org.ls

Currency Loti (plural: maloti)

ISO currency code LSL

Subunits 100 lisente

Currency circulation Lesotho

Legacy currency South African rand

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

ZAR

Conversion rate 1 South African rand = 1 loti; with effect from 19 January 1980

Currency history 19 January 1980: Introduction of the loti (LSL); conversion rate: 1(South African) rand = 1 loti

IMF membership Since 25 July 1968

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

5 March 1997

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Since 19 January 1980: Pegged to the South African rand

Comment The South African rand is likewise legal tender alongside the loti.

Time series BBEX3.A.LSL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.LSL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.LSL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.LSL.USD.CA.AC.A01

Liberia

Capital Monrovia

Central bank Central Bank of Liberia

Central bank's website http://www.cbl.org.lr/

Currency Liberian dollar

ISO currency code LRD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Liberia

IMF membership Since 28 March 1962

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1 January 1944 - 29 October 1997: Pegged to the US dollar 30 October 1997 - 31 December 2004: Independently floating 1 January 2005 - 7 January 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 8 January 2008 - 28 February 2009: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 March 2009 - 4 January 2011: Other managed arrangement 5 January 2011 - 6 November 2011: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 7 November 2011 - 22 July 2018: Other managed arrangement Since 23 July 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change)

Comment The US dollar is likewise legal tender alongside the Liberian dollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.LRD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LRD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LRD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.LRD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LRD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LRD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.LRD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LRD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LRD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.LRD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LRD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LRD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Libya

Capital Tripoli

Central bank Central Bank of Libya

Central bank's website http://www.cbl.gov.ly/en/

Currency Libyan dinar

ISO currency code LYD

Subunits 1,000 dirham

Currency circulation Libya

Legacy currency Libyan pound

Conversion rate 1 Libyan pound = 1 Libyan dinar; with effect from 1 September 1971

Currency history 24 March 1952: Introduction of the Libyan pound; conversion rate forTripolitania: 480 British Military Authority lire = 1 Libyan pound, forCyrenaica: 0.975 Egyptian pound = 1 Libyan pound, for Fezzan: 980Algerian francs = 1 Libyan pound 1 September 1971: Introduction of the Libyan dinar (LYD); conversionrate: 1 Libyan pound = 1 Libyan dinar

IMF membership Since 17 September 1958

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

21 June 2003

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

August 1959 - 17 March 1986: Pegged to the US dollar 18 March 1986 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the SDR 1 January 1999 - 29 June 2001: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 30 June 2001 - 11 March 2014: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 12 March 2014 - 26 January 2015: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 27 January 2015: Conventional peg (exchange rate guaranteebut no irrevocable parity)

Comment Independent as of 24 December 1951 as the United Kingdom of Libya(comprised the three historical regions Tripolitania, Cyrenaica andFezzan). As of 1 September 1969, the Libyan Arab Republic. From March 1977 to 2011, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.

Time series BBEX3.A.LYD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LYD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LYD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.LYD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LYD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LYD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.LYD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LYD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LYD.EUR.CA.AC.A01

BBEX3.M.LYD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LYD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LYD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Lithuania

Capital Vilnius

Central bank The Bank of Lithuania

Central bank's website http://www.lbank.lt

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Lithuanian litas

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

LTL

Conversion rate 3.45280 litas = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2015

Currency history 1 October 1992: Having existed for some months in the form ofcoupons, the temporary currency, the talonas (LTT), becomes the solelegal tender; conversion rate: 1 Soviet rouble = 1 talonas 25 June 1993: Introduction of the Lithuanien litas (LTL); conversionrate: 100 talonas = 1 Lithuanien litas. The talonas also remained legaltender (at this rate) until 19 July 1993 1 January 2015: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:3.45280 Lithuanien litas = 1 euro

IMF membership Since 29 April 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

3 May 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1 May 1992 - 31 March 1994: Independently floating 1 April 1994 - 1 February 2002: Pegged to the US dollar 2 February 2002 - 31 December 2014: Pegged to the euro (from 28June 2004: Exchange rate mechanism II) Since 1 January 2015: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2015)

Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04

Luxembourg

Capital Luxembourg

Central bank Central Bank of Luxembourg

Central bank's website http://www.bcl.lu/en/index.php

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Luxembourg franc

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

LUF

Conversion rate 40.3399 Luxembourg francs = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999

Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:40.3399 Luxembourg francs = 1 euro (initially only as book money,from 2002 onwards also in cash form)

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 February 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

24 April 1972 - 12 March 1979: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement) 13 March 1979 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)

Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04

Macao

Capital Macao

Central bank Monetary Authority of Macao

Central bank's website https://www.amcm.gov.mo/en

Currency Pataca

ISO currency code MOP

Subunits 100 avos

Currency circulation Macao

IMF membership Non-IMF-member

Comment Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China;administered by Portugal up until 19 December 1999. The Hong Kong dollar, to which the pataca is pegged at a rateof HKD 100 = MOP 103, is in circulation as a common currencyalongside the pataca.

Time series BBEX3.A.MOP.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MOP.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MOP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MOP.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MOP.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MOP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MOP.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MOP.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MOP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MOP.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MOP.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MOP.USD.CA.AC.A01

Madagascar

Capital Antananarivo

Central bank Central Bank of Madagascar

Central bank's website https://www.banky-foibe.mg

Currency Ariary

ISO currency code MGA

Subunits 5 iraimbilanja

Currency circulation Madagascar

Legacy currency Malagasy franc

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

MGF

Conversion rate 5 Malagasy franc = 1 ariary; with effect from 31 July 2003

Currency history 1 July 1963: Introduction of the Malagasy franc (MGF); conversionrate: 1 CFA franc = 1 Malagasy franc 31 July 2003: Introduction of the ariary (MGA); conversion rate: 5Malagasy franc = 1 ariary

IMF membership Since 25 September 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

18 September 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1960 - 1 April 1982: Pegged to the French franc 2 April 1982 - 10 August 1986: Pegged to a currency basket 11 August 1986 - 8 May 1994: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 9 May 1994 - 31 December 2004: Independently floating 1 January 2005 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Comment On 31 July 2003, the ariary was introduced as a new currencyalongside the Malagasy franc at a rate of 5 Malagasy franc = 1ariary. Since this date, banknotes denominated in ariary have been incirculation as legal tender alongside the Malagasy franc. Until the endof 2004, all prices appeared in both currencies; since 1 January 2005,the ariary has been the sole legal tender.

Time series BBEX3.A.MGA.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MGA.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MGA.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.MGA.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MGA.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MGA.USD.CA.AC.A01

Malawi

Capital Lilongwe

Central bank Reserve Bank of Malawi

Central bank's website http://www.rbm.mw/

Currency Malawi kwacha

ISO currency code MWK

Subunits 100 tambala

Currency circulation Malawi

Legacy currency Malawi pound

Conversion rate 1 Malawi pound = 2 Malawi kwacha; with effect from 15 February1971

Currency history April 1957: Introduction of the Rhodesian pound; conversion rate: 1Southern Rhodesian pound = 1 Rhodesian pound 16 November 1964: Introduction of the Malawi pound; conversionrate: 1 Rhodesian pound = 1 Malawi pound 15 February 1971: Introduction of the Malawi kwacha (MWK);conversion rate: 1 Malawi pound = 2 Malawi kwacha

IMF membership Since 19 July 1965

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

7 December 1995

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

9 June 1975 - 16 January 1984: Pegged to the SDR 17 January 1984 - 6 February 1994: Pegged to a currency basket 7 February 1994 - 30 December 1997: Independently floating 31 December 1997 - 26 April 2000: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 27 April 2000 - 31 December 2004: Independently floating 1 January 2005 - 31 December 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2006 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 1 December 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 2 December 2009 - 31 January 2010: Other managed arrangement 1 February 2010 - 7 August 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 8 August 2011 - 6 May 2012: Other managed arrangement 7 May 2012 - 2 August 2016: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) Since 3 August 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) Malawi maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Comment From 1891 British protectorate, since 1907 named Nyasaland; 1August 1953 to 31 December 1963 part of the Federation of Rhodesiaand Nyasaland. On 6 July 1964, Nyasaland became independent andwas renamed Malawi.

Time series BBEX3.A.MWK.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MWK.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MWK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MWK.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MWK.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MWK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MWK.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MWK.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MWK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MWK.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MWK.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MWK.USD.CA.AC.A01

Malaysia

Capital Kuala Lumpur; Seat of Government: Putrajaya

Central bank Central Bank of Malaysia (Bank Negara Malaysia)

Central bank's website http://www.bnm.gov.my/

Currency Malaysian ringgit (until 20 August 1975 Malaysian dollar)

ISO currency code MYR

Subunits 100 sen

Currency circulation Malaysia

Legacy currency Malayan dollar

Conversion rate 1 Malayan dollar = 1 Malaysian dollar; with effect from 12 June 1967

Currency history 12 June 1967: Introduction of the Malaysian dollar; conversion rate: 1Malayan dollar = 1 Malaysian dollar 21 August 1975: Change of currency name from the Malaysian dollarto the Malaysian ringgit (MYR)

IMF membership Since 7 March 1958

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

11 November 1968

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

21 June 1973 - 26 September 1975: Independently floating 27 September 1975 - 1993: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 1993 - 1 September 1998: Other managed floating (taking intoaccount a trade weighted currency basket) 2 September 1998 - 31 December 2005: Pegged to the US dollar 1 January 2006 - 31 December 2008: Floating (market-determinedwith more frequent modes of intervention) 1 January 2009 - 25 September 2016: Other managed arrangement(oriented to a currency basket) Since 26 September 2016: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.MYR.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MYR.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MYR.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MYR.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.MYR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MYR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MYR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MYR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MYR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MYR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MYR.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.MYR.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.MYR.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MYR.EUR.CA.AA.A01

BBEX3.M.MYR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MYR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MYR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MYR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MYR.USD.CA.AC.A01

Maldives

Capital Malé

Central bank Maldives Monetary Authority

Central bank's website http://www.mma.gov.mv

Currency Rufiyaa (until 16 June 1981 Maldivian rupee)

ISO currency code MVR

Subunits 100 laari

Currency circulation Maldives

IMF membership Since 13 January 1978

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

13 January 1978 - 17 November 1979: Pegged to the US dollar 18 November 1979 - 30 March 1982: Other managed floating 31 March 1982 - 30 June 1985: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis the USdollar 1 July 1985 - 28 February 1987: Pegged to a currency basket 1 March 1987 - October 1994: Independently floating October 1994 - 10 April 2011: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement Since 11 April 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation)

Time series BBEX3.A.MVR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MVR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MVR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MVR.USD.CA.AC.A01

Mali

Capital Bamako

Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)

Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XOF

Currency circulation Mali, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Niger,Senegal, Togo

Legacy currency Mali franc

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

MLF

Conversion rate 2 Malian francs = 1 CFA franc; with effect from 1 June 1984

Currency history 1 July 1962: Introduction of the Malian franc (MLF); conversion rate: 1CFA franc = 1 Malian franc 1 June 1984: Introduction of the CFA franc (XOF); conversion rate: 2Malian franc = 1 CFA franc

IMF membership Since 27 September 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, West African Monetary Union; as of 1994, West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)

Comment Member state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union(UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine) On 20 June 1960, together with present-day Senegal independentfrom France as the Mali Federation; on 20 August 1960 withdrawalfrom the Mali Federation; full independence since 22 September 1960

Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Malta

Capital Valletta

Central bank Central Bank of Malta

Central bank's website http://www.centralbankmalta.org/

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Maltese lira

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

MTL

Conversion rate 0.429300 Maltese lira = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2008

Currency history 1 January 1983: Change of currency name from the Maltese pound(MTP) to the Maltese lira (MTL) 1 January 2008: Introduction of the euro; conversion rate: 0.429300Maltese lira = 1 euro

IMF membership Since 11 September 1968

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

30 November 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

8 July 1972 - 1 May 2005: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 2 May 2005 - 31 December 2007: Pegged to the euro (Exchange ratemechanism II) Since 1 January 2008: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2008)

Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04

Marshall Islands

Capital Majuro

Currency US dollar

ISO currency code USD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Marshall Islands, American Samoa, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands,Ecuador, El Salvador, Guam, Federated States of Micronesia,Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saba, SaintEustatius, Timor-Leste, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States,Virgin Islands of the United States

IMF membership Since 21 May 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

21 May 1992

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Use of the US dollar as legal tender

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Mauritania

Capital Nouakchott

Central bank Banque Centrale de Mauritanie

Central bank's website https://www.bcm.mr/

Currency Ouguiya

ISO currency code MRU

Currency circulation Mauritania

Legacy currency Ouguiya

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

MRO

Conversion rate 10 (old) ouguiya = 1 (new) ouguiya; with effect from 1 January 2018

Currency history 29 June 1973: Introduction of the ouguiya (MRO); conversion rate: 5CFA francs = 1 ouguiya 1 January 2018: Introduction of the ouguiya (MRU); conversion rate:10 (old) ouguiya = 1 (new) ouguiya

IMF membership Since 10 September 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

19 July 1999

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

22 January 1974 - March 1987: Pegged to a currency basket March 1987 - 29 June 1992: Other managed floating 30 June 1992 - 30 December 1995: Pegged to a currency basket 31 December 1995 - 29 April 1997: Independently floating 30 April 1997 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 30 May 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 31 May 2005 - 30 April 2007: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 May 2007 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with no predeterminedpath for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 8 September 2014: Other managed arrangement Since 9 September 2014: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) Mauritania maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.

Comment Independent since 28 November 1960 (formerly: French colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.MRU.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MRU.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MRU.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MRU.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MRU.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MRU.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MRU.EUR.CA.AA.A01

BBEX3.M.MRU.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MRU.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MRU.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MRU.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MRU.USD.CA.AC.A01

Mauritius

Capital Port Louis

Central bank Bank of Mauritius

Central bank's website https://www.bom.mu

Currency Mauritian rupee

ISO currency code MUR

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Mauritius

IMF membership Since 23 September 1968

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

29 September 1993

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

12 March 1968 - 4 January 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling 5 January 1976 - 27 February 1983: Pegged to the SDR 28 February 1983 - 30 June 1994: Pegged to a trade weightedcurrency basket 1 July 1994 - 30 December 1998: Other managed floating 31 December 1998 - 29 June 2001: Independently floating 30 June 2001 - 31 October 2008: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 November 2008 - 30 June 2010: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) Since 1 July 2010: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Comment Independent since 12 March 1968

Time series BBEX3.A.MUR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MUR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MUR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MUR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MUR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MUR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MUR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MUR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MUR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MUR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MUR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MUR.USD.CA.AC.A01

Mexico

Capital Mexico City

Central bank Banco de México

Central bank's website https://www.banxico.org.mx/

Currency Mexican peso (until 31 December 1995 Mexican new peso)

ISO currency code MXN

Subunits 100 centavos

Currency circulation Mexico

Legacy currency Mexican peso

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

MXP

Conversion rate 1,000 Mexican pesos = 1 Mexican new peso; with effect from 1January 1993

Currency history 1 January 1993: Introduction of the Mexican new peso (MXN);conversion rate: 1,000 Mexican pesos = 1 Mexican new peso(designated as Mexican peso since 1 January 1996)

IMF membership Since 31 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

12 November 1946

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

31 August 1976 - 31 August 1982: Other managed floating 1 September 1982 - 19 December 1982: Pegged to the US dollar 20 December 1982 - 21 December 1994: Other managed floating 22 December 1994 - 19 May 2015: Independently floating 20 May 2015 - 19 November 2015: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) Since 20 November 2015: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only)

Time series BBEX3.A.MXN.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MXN.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MXN.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MXN.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.MXN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MXN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MXN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MXN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MXN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MXN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MXN.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.MXN.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.MXN.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MXN.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MXN.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MXN.EUR.CA.AC.A01

BBEX3.M.MXN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MXN.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MXN.USD.CA.AC.A01

Micronesia, Federated States of

Capital Palikir

Currency US dollar

ISO currency code USD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Federated States of Micronesia, American Samoa, Bonaire, BritishVirgin Islands, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guam, Marshall Islands,Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saba, SaintEustatius, Timor-Leste, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States,Virgin Islands of the United States

IMF membership Since 24 June 1993

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

24 June 1993

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Use of the US dollar as legal tender

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Moldova, Republic of

Capital Chisinau

Central bank National Bank of Moldova

Central bank's website http://www.bnm.md/en/

Currency Moldovan leu

ISO currency code MDL

Subunits 100 bani

Currency circulation Moldova, Republic of

Legacy currency Moldovan rouble

Conversion rate 1,000 Moldovan rouble = 1 Moldovan leu; with effect from 29November 1993

Currency history June 1992: Introduction of the Moldovan rouble (in the form ofcoupons) as legal tender in parallel to the Soviet rouble End-July 1993: The Moldovan rouble becomes the sole legal tender;conversion rate: initially 1 Soviet rouble (SUR) = 1 Moldovan rouble;then market price formation 29 November 1993: Introduction of the Moldovan leu (MDL);conversion rate: 1,000 Moldovan rouble = 1 Moldovan leu

IMF membership Since 12 August 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

30 June 1995

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

27 August 1991 - June 1992: Use of the Soviet rouble as legal tender June 1992 - 8 August 1993: Pegged to the Soviet/Russian rouble 9 August 1993 - 29 June 2002: Independently floating 30 June 2002 - 31 December 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2005 - 31 October 2005: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 November 2005 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.MDL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MDL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MDL.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.MDL.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MDL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MDL.USD.CA.AC.A01

Mongolia

Capital Ulan Bator

Central bank Bank of Mongolia

Central bank's website http://www.mongolbank.mn

Currency Togrog (The notation for foreign countries has changed from tugrik totogrog on 12 December 1998.)

ISO currency code MNT

Subunits 100 mongo

Currency circulation Mongolia

IMF membership Since 14 February 1991

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 February 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

July 1990 - 26 May 1993: Pegged to the US dollar 27 May 1993 - 30 December 2001: Independently floating 31 December 2001 - 31 May 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 June 2006 - 31 October 2008: Stabilised arrangement against theUS dollar (exchange rate within a narrow band without any politicalobligation) 1 November 2008 - 23 March 2009: Other managed arrangement 24 March 2009 - 17 September 2017: Floating (market-determinedwith more frequent modes of intervention) 18 September 2017 - 10 April 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 11 April 2018: Other managed arrangement

Time series BBEX3.A.MNT.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MNT.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MNT.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MNT.USD.CA.AC.A01

Montenegro

Capital Podgorica

Central bank Central Bank of Montenegro

Central bank's website https://www.cbcg.me/en

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Deutsche Mark

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

DEM

Conversion rate 1.95583 Deutsche Mark = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999

Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:1.95583 Deutsche Mark = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from2002 onwards also in cash form)

IMF membership Since 18 January 2007

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

18 January 2007

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

11 November 2000 - 31 December 2001: Use of the Deutsche Markas legal tender Since 1 January 2002: Use of the euro as legal tender

Comment Independent since 3 June 2006 (dissolution of "Serbia andMontenegro" (since 4 February 2003) into the successor states"Serbia" and "Montenegro"; previously, from 27 April 1992 until 3February 2003, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) The Deutsche Mark was the only official currency of the YugoslavConstituent Republic of Montenegro from 11 November 2000 until 31December 2001. The euro was introduced as legal tender with effectfrom 1 January 2002.

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Morocco

Capital Rabat

Central bank Bank Al-Maghrib

Central bank's website http://www.bkam.ma

Currency Moroccan dirham

ISO currency code MAD

Subunits 100 centimes

Currency circulation Morocco, Western Sahara

Legacy currency Moroccan franc

Conversion rate 100 Moroccan francs = 1 Moroccan dirham; with effect from 19October 1959

Currency history 19 October 1959: Introduction of the Moroccan dirham (MAD);conversion rate: 100 Moroccan francs = 1 Moroccan dirham

IMF membership Since 25 April 1958

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

21 January 1993

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

18 May 1973 - 14 January 2018: Pegged to a currency basket Since 15 January 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rateagainst a currency basket within a narrow band without any politicalobligation)

Time series BBEX3.A.MAD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MAD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MAD.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.MAD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MAD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MAD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Mozambique

Capital Maputo

Central bank Banco de Moçambique

Central bank's website http://www.bancomoc.mz/

Currency Metical

ISO currency code MZN

Subunits 100 centavos

Currency circulation Mozambique

Legacy currency Metical

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

MZM

Conversion rate 1,000 metical (old) = 1 metical (new); with effect from 1 July 2006

Currency history 16 June 1980: Introduction of the metical (MZM); conversion rate: 1Mozambican escudo (MZE) = 1 metical 1 July 2006: Introduction of the (new) metical (MZN); conversion rate:1,000 metical (old) = 1 metical (new)

IMF membership Since 24 September 1984

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

20 May 2011

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

25 July 1975 - 10 March 1977: Pegged to the Portuguese escudo 11 March 1977 - 30 January 1987: Pegged to a currency basket 31 January 1987 - 31 December 1988: Pegged to the US dollar 1 January 1989 - 30 November 1989: Other managed floating 1 December 1989 - 30 October 1990: Pegged to a currency basket 31 October 1990 - 31 March 1992: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 1 April 1992 - 31 December 2002: Independently floating 1 January 2003 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.MZN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MZN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MZN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MZN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MZN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MZN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MZN.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MZN.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MZN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MZN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MZN.USD.CA.AB.A01

BBEX3.M.MZN.USD.CA.AC.A01

Myanmar (up to 17 June 1989: Burma)

Capital Nay Pyi Taw

Central bank Central Bank of Myanmar

Central bank's website http://www.cbm.gov.mm/

Currency Kyat

ISO currency code MMK

Subunits 100 pyas

Currency circulation Myanmar

Legacy currency Burmese rupee

Conversion rate 1 Burmese rupee = 1 kyat; with effect from 1 July 1952

Currency history 1 July 1952: Introduction of the kyat (MMK); conversion rate: 1Burmese rupee = 1 kyat

IMF membership Since 3 January 1952

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

25 January 1975 - 29 June 2001: Pegged to the SDR 30 June 2001 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 11 January 2017: Other managed arrangement 12 January 2017 - 19 April 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 20 April 2018: Other managed arrangement

Comment Independent since 4 January 1948.

Time series BBEX3.A.MMK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MMK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MMK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MMK.USD.CA.AC.A01

Namibia

Capital Windhoek

Central bank Bank of Namibia

Central bank's website http://www.bon.com.na/

Currency Namibia dollar

ISO currency code NAD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Namibia

Legacy currency South African rand

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

ZAR

Conversion rate 1 South African rand = 1 Namibia dollar; with effect from 15September 1993

Currency history 15 September 1993: Introduction of the Namibia dollar (NAD);conversion rate: 1 (South African) rand = 1 Namibia dollar

IMF membership Since 25 September 1990

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

20 September 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

21 March 1990 - 14 September 1993: Use of the South African randas legal tender Since 15 September 1993: Pegged to the South African rand

Comment The South African rand is likewise legal tender alongside the Namibiadollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.NAD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.NAD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.NAD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NAD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Nepal

Capital Kathmandu

Central bank Nepal Rastra Bank

Central bank's website http://www.nrb.org.np

Currency Nepalese rupee

ISO currency code NPR

Subunits 100 paisa

Currency circulation Nepal

IMF membership Since 6 September 1961

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

30 May 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

11 December 1967 - 31 May 1983: Pegged to the US dollar 1 June 1983 - 11 February 1993: Pegged to a currency basket Since 12 February 1993: Pegged to the Indian rupee

Time series BBEX3.A.NPR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NPR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NPR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.NPR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NPR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NPR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.NPR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NPR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NPR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NPR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NPR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NPR.USD.CA.AC.A01

Netherlands

Capital Amsterdam, seat of government: The Hague

Central bank De Nederlandsche Bank

Central bank's website https://www.dnb.nl/index.jsp

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Dutch guilder

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

NLG

Conversion rate 2.20371 Dutch guilders = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999

Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:2.20371 Dutch guilders = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from2002 onwards also in cash form)

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 February 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

24 April 1972 - 12 March 1979: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement) 13 March 1979 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999) The Netherlands, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Saint Eustatiusand Sint Maarten together make up the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

New Caledonia

Capital Nouméa

Central bank L'Institut d'Emission d'Outre-Mer

Central bank's website http://www.ieom.fr/ieom/

Currency CFP franc

ISO currency code XPF

Currency circulation New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna (Islands)

IMF membership Non-IMF-member

Comment Exchange rate anchor to the euro CFP was originally the abbreviation for "Colonies Françaises duPacifique" and is still used as a currency symbol (in connection withthe franc).

Time series BBEX3.A.XPF.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XPF.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XPF.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XPF.USD.CM.AC.A01

New Zealand

Capital Wellington

Central bank Reserve Bank of New Zealand

Central bank's website http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/

Currency New Zealand dollar

ISO currency code NZD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation New Zealand, Cook Islands, Niue, Pitcairn Islands Group, Tokelau

Legacy currency New Zealand pound

Conversion rate 1 New Zealand pound = 2 New Zealand dollar; with effect from 10 July1967

Currency history 10 July 1967: Introduction of the New Zealand dollar (NZD);conversion rate: 1 New Zealand pound = 2 New Zealand dollar

IMF membership Since 31 August 1961

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

5 August 1982

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

9 July 1973 - 30 March 1982: Pegged to a currency basket 31 March 1982 - 3 March 1985: Other managed floating 4 March 1985 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 31 October 2012: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) Since 1 November 2012: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.NZD.EUR.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NZD.EUR.CM.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NZD.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.NZD.USD.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NZD.USD.CM.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NZD.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.NZD.USD.CM.AA.000 BBEX3.D.NZD.USD.CM.AB.000 BBEX3.D.NZD.USD.CM.AC.000 BBEX3.M.NZD.EUR.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NZD.EUR.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NZD.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NZD.USD.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NZD.USD.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NZD.USD.CM.AC.A01

Nicaragua

Capital Managua

Central bank Banco Central de Nicaragua

Central bank's website https://www.bcn.gob.ni/

Currency Córdoba (temporarily córdoba oro)

ISO currency code NIO

Subunits 100 centavos

Currency circulation Nicaragua

Legacy currency Córdoba

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

NIC

Currency history 15 February 1988: Introduction of the (new) córdoba (NIC); conversionrate: 1,000 córdoba (old) = 1 córdoba (new) 1 May 1990: The córdoba (NIC) was supplemented by the córdobaoro (NIO) as a unit of account with a fixed rate of 1:1 to the US dollar.Up to 2 March 1991, the córdoba oro floated against the córdoba. Thecórdoba oro entered circulation in cash form on 13 August 1990 10 January 1993: Change of currency name from the córdoba oro tothe córdoba

IMF membership Since 14 March 1946

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

30 July 1964

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

20 March 1912 - 9 January 1993: Pegged to the US dollar Since 10 January 1993: Crawling peg (moving central rate without aband)

Comment With effect from 1 May 1990, the córdoba (NIC) was supplemented bythe córdoba oro (NIO) as a unit of account with a fixed rate of 1:1 tothe US dollar. Up to 2 March 1991, the córdoba oro floated against theold currency. The córdoba oro entered circulation in cash form on 13August 1990. With effect from 3 March 1991, the córdoba oro was devalued againstthe US dollar to stand at USD 1 = NIO 5; on 30 April 1991 it becamethe sole legal tender.

Time series BBEX3.A.NIO.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.NIO.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.NIO.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NIO.USD.CA.AC.A01

Niger

Capital Niamey

Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)

Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XOF

Currency circulation Niger, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali,Senegal, Togo

IMF membership Since 24 April 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, West African Monetary Union; as of 1994, West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)

Comment Member state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union(UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine) Independent since 3 August 1960

Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Nigeria

Capital Abuja

Central bank Central Bank of Nigeria

Central bank's website http://www.cbn.gov.ng/

Currency Naira

ISO currency code NGN

Subunits 100 kobo

Currency circulation Nigeria

Legacy currency Nigerian pound

Conversion rate 1 Nigerian pound = 2 naira; with effect from 1 January 1973

Currency history 1 July 1959: Introduction of the Nigerian pound; conversion rate: 1West African pound = 1 Nigerian pound 1 January 1973: Introduction of the naira (NGN); conversion rate: 1Nigerian pound = 2 naira

IMF membership Since 30 March 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1 April 1974 - 1978: Independently floating 1978 - 28 September 1986: Other managed floating 29 September 1986 - 31 March 1993: Independently floating 1 April 1993 - 29 April 1998: Pegged to the US dollar 30 April 1998 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 31 December 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2006 - 2007: Other conventional fixed peg arrangementagainst the US dollar 2007 - 31 March 2008: Managed floating with no predetermined pathfor the exchange rate 1 April 2008 - 31 December 2008: Stabilised arrangement against theUS dollar (exchange rate within a narrow band without any politicalobligation) 1 January 2009 - 8 March 2015: Other managed arrangement 9 March 2015 - 20 June 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 21 June 2016 - 25 August 2016: Other managed arrangement Since 26 August 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate withina narrow band without any political obligation) Nigeria maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.NGN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NGN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NGN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.NGN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NGN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NGN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.NGN.EUR.CA.AA.000

BBEX3.D.NGN.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.NGN.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.NGN.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.NGN.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.NGN.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.NGN.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NGN.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NGN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NGN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NGN.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NGN.USD.CA.AC.A01

North Macedonia (until 11 February 2019: the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)

Capital Skopje

Central bank National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia

Central bank's website http://www.nbrm.mk

Currency North Macedonia denar (until 11 February 2019: Macedonian denar)

ISO currency code MKD

Subunits 100 deni

Currency circulation North Macedonia

Legacy currency Macedonian denar

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

MKD

Conversion rate 100 Macedonian denar (old) = 1 Macedonian denar (new) with effect from 10 May 1993

Currency history 26 April 1992: Introduction of the Macedonian denar; conversion rate:1 Yugoslav dinar = 1 Macedonian denar 10 May 1993: Introduction of the new Macedonian denar (MKD);conversion rate: 100 Macedonian denar (old) = 1 Macedonian denar(new), designated as North Macedonia denar since 12 February 2019

IMF membership Since 14 December 1992 (end of membership of predecessor stateYugoslavia)

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

19 June 1998

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

15 May 1993 - 31 December 1996: Independently floating 1 January 1997 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) Since 30 April 2008: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation)

Comment On 8 April 1993, Macedonia was admitted to the United Nationsunder the temporary designation "the former Yugoslav Republic ofMacedonia". With the entering into force of the Prespa Agreement on12 February 2019, the earlier, provisional name of the country hasbeen changed to "North Macedonia".

Time series BBEX3.A.MKD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MKD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MKD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MKD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MKD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MKD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MKD.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.MKD.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.MKD.EUR.CA.AC.000

BBEX3.D.MKD.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.MKD.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.MKD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MKD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MKD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MKD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MKD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MKD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MKD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Norway

Capital Oslo

Central bank Norges Bank

Central bank's website https://www.norges-bank.no/

Currency Norwegian krone

ISO currency code NOK

Subunits 100 øre

Currency circulation Norway, Spitzbergen

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

11 May 1967

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

23 May 1972 - 11 December 1978: Cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 12 December 1978 - 21 October 1990: Pegged to a trade weightedcurrency basket 22 October 1990 - 9 December 1992: Pegged to the ECU 10 December 1992 - 29 June 1995: Independently floating 30 June 1995 - 29 June 2001: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 June 2001: Independently floating

Time series BBEX3.A.NOK.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.NOK.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.NOK.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NOK.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.NOK.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NOK.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NOK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.NOK.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NOK.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NOK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.NOK.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.NOK.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.NOK.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.NOK.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NOK.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NOK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NOK.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NOK.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NOK.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NOK.USD.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.NOK.USD.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.NOK.USD.CA.AC.A02

Oman

Capital Muscat

Central bank Central Bank of Oman

Central bank's website https://www.cbo.gov.om/

Currency Rial Omani

ISO currency code OMR

Subunits 1,000 baisa

Currency circulation Oman

Legacy currency Rial Saidi

Conversion rate 1 rial Saidi = 1 rial Omani; with effect from 11 November 1972

Currency history 7 May 1970: Introduction of the rial Saidi; conversion rate: 100 Gulfrupees (External Indian rupees) = 7.5 rial Saidi 11 November 1972: Introduction of the rial Omani (OMR); conversionrate: 1 rial Saidi = 1 rial Omani

IMF membership Since 23 December 1971

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

19 June 1974

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Since 20 February 1973: Pegged to the US dollar

Time series BBEX3.A.OMR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.OMR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.OMR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.OMR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.OMR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.OMR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.OMR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.OMR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.OMR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.OMR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.OMR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.OMR.USD.CA.AC.A01

Pakistan

Capital Islamabad

Central bank State Bank of Pakistan

Central bank's website http://www.sbp.org.pk/

Currency Pakistani rupee

ISO currency code PKR

Subunits 100 paisa

Currency circulation Pakistan

IMF membership Since 11 July 1950

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 July 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

17 September 1971 - 7 January 1982: Pegged to the US dollar 8 January 1982 - 21 July 1998: Other managed floating 22 July 1998 - 29 June 1999: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 June 1999 - 19 July 2000: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 20 July 2000 - 31 December 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2005 - 14 January 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 15 January 2008 - 21 December 2008: Floating (market-determinedwith more frequent modes of intervention) 22 December 2008 - 28 February 2010: Crawl-like arrangementagainst the US dollar (moving central rate with an annual minimumrate of change) 1 March 2010 - 31 May 2010: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 1 June 2010 - 10 April 2011: Stabilised arrangement against theUS dollar (exchange rate within a narrow band without any politicalobligation) 11 April 2011 - 4 December 2013: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 5 December 2013 - 3 March 2015: Other managed arrangement 4 March 2015 - 10 December 2017: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 11 December 2017: Other managed arrangement

Time series BBEX3.A.PKR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PKR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PKR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.PKR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PKR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PKR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.PKR.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.PKR.EUR.CA.AB.000

BBEX3.D.PKR.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.PKR.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.PKR.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.PKR.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.PKR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PKR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PKR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PKR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PKR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PKR.USD.CA.AC.A01

Palau

Capital Ngerulmud (Melekeok)

Currency US dollar

ISO currency code USD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Palau, American Samoa, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands, Ecuador, ElSalvador, Guam, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,Northern Mariana Islands, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saba, SaintEustatius, Timor-Leste, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States,Virgin Islands of the United States

IMF membership Since 16 December 1997

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

16 December 1997

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Use of the US dollar as legal tender

Comment Independent since 1 October 1994 (formerly: United Nations TrustTerritory)

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Panama

Capital Panama City

Central bank Banco Nacional de Panamá

Central bank's website https://www.banconal.com.pa/

Currency Balboa

ISO currency code PAB

Subunits 100 centésimos

Currency circulation Panama

IMF membership Since 14 March 1946

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

26 November 1946

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Use of the US dollar as legal tender

Comment Independent (from Colombia) since 3 November 1903. The balboa, which has remained at par with the US dollar since itsintroduction in 1904, is in circulation exclusively in coin form.

Time series BBEX3.A.PAB.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.PAB.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.PAB.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PAB.USD.CA.AC.A01

Papua New Guinea

Capital Port Moresby

Central bank Bank of Papua New Guinea

Central bank's website http://www.bankpng.gov.pg/

Currency Kina

ISO currency code PGK

Subunits 100 toea

Currency circulation Papua New Guinea

Legacy currency Australian dollar

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

AUD

Conversion rate 1 Australian dollar = 1 kina; with effect from 19 April 1975

Currency history 19 April 1975: Introduction of the kina (PGK); conversion rate: 1Australian dollar = 1 kina

IMF membership Since 9 October 1975

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

4 December 1975

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

19 April 1975 - 16 December 1976: Pegged to the Australian dollar 17 December 1976 - 4 June 1978: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 5 June 1978 - 9 October 1994: Pegged to a currency basket 10 October 1994 - 31 December 2004: Independently floating 1 January 2005 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 12 February 2012: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 13 February 2012 - 31 December 2012: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 January 2013 - 10 April 2014: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 11 April 2014 - 17 May 2016: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) 18 May 2016 - 21 August 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 22 August 2017: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central ratewith an annual minimum rate of change) Papua New Guinea maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to theUS dollar.

Comment Independent (from Australia) since 16 September 1975

Time series BBEX3.A.PGK.EUR.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PGK.EUR.CM.AB.A04

BBEX3.A.PGK.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.PGK.USD.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PGK.USD.CM.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PGK.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.PGK.EUR.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PGK.EUR.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PGK.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PGK.USD.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PGK.USD.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PGK.USD.CM.AC.A01

Paraguay

Capital Asunción

Central bank Banco Central del Paraguay

Central bank's website https://www.bcp.gov.py/

Currency Guaraní

ISO currency code PYG

Subunits 100 céntimos

Currency circulation Paraguay

IMF membership Since 28 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

23 August 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1946 - 26 February 1989: Pegged to the US dollar 27 February 1989 - 1998: Independently floating 1998 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with no predetermined pathfor the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 31 December 2008: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 January 2009 - 30 June 2013: Other managed arrangement 1 July 2013 - 10 June 2018: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) Since 11 June 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change) Paraguay maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.PYG.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PYG.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PYG.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.PYG.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PYG.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PYG.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.PYG.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.PYG.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.PYG.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.PYG.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.PYG.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.PYG.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.PYG.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PYG.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PYG.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PYG.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PYG.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PYG.USD.CA.AC.A01

Peru

Capital Lima

Central bank Banco Central de Reserva del Perú

Central bank's website https://www.bcrp.gob.pe/

Currency Sol (until 14 December 2015 Nuevo sol)

ISO currency code PEN

Subunits 100 céntimos

Currency circulation Peru

Legacy currency Inti

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

PEI

Conversion rate 1,000,000 inti = 1 nuevo sol; with effect from 1 July 1991

Currency history 1 February 1985: Introduction of the inti (PEI); conversion rate: 1,000sol (PES) = 1 inti (the inti was not used in banking and accountinguntil 1 January 1986) 1 July 1991: Introduction of the nuevo sol (PEN); conversion rate:1,000,000 intis = 1 nuevo sol (designated as sol since 15 December2015)

IMF membership Since 31 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 February 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

15 May 1970 - 21 September 1976: Pegged to the US dollar 22 September 1976 - 10 October 1977: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 11 October 1977 - 29 June 1978: Other managed floating 30 June 1978 - 29 September 1979: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 30 September 1979 - 31 July 1980: Other 1 August 1980 - 7 August 1983: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 8 August 1983 - 29 February 1984: Other managed floating 1 March 1984 - 1 August 1985: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 2 August 1985 - 30 March 1987: Pegged to the US dollar 31 March 1987 - 28 July 1987: Other managed floating 29 July 1987 - 8 August 1990: Pegged to the US dollar 9 August 1990 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 15 September 2009: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 16 September 2009 - 31 March 2011: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 1 April 2011: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.PEN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PEN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PEN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.PEN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PEN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PEN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.PEN.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.PEN.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.PEN.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.PEN.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.PEN.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.PEN.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.PEN.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PEN.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PEN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PEN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PEN.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PEN.USD.CA.AC.A01

Philippines

Capital Manila

Central bank Central Bank of the Philippines (Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas)

Central bank's website http://www.bsp.gov.ph/

Currency Philippine peso

ISO currency code PHP

Subunits 100 centavos

Currency circulation Philippines

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

8 September 1995

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

21 February 1970 - 1978: Independently floating 1978 - 29 September 1982: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis the US dollar 30 September 1982 - 14 October 1984: Other managed floating 15 October 1984 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.PHP.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.PHP.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.PHP.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PHP.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.PHP.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PHP.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PHP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.PHP.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PHP.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PHP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.PHP.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.PHP.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.PHP.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.PHP.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PHP.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PHP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PHP.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PHP.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PHP.USD.CA.AC.A01

Poland

Capital Warsaw

Central bank Narodowy Bank Polski

Central bank's website http://www.nbp.pl

Currency Polish zloty

ISO currency code PLN

Subunits 100 groszy

Currency circulation Poland

Legacy currency Polish zloty

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

PLZ

Conversion rate 10,000 Polish zloty (old) = 1 Polish zloty (new); with effect from 1January 1995

Currency history 30 October 1950: Introduction of the new zloty (PLZ); conversionrate for banknote exchange: 100 zloty (old) = 1 zloty (new) and forprices and wages: generally 100:3. For debt relationships, variousconversion rates apply 1 January 1995: Introduction of the new zloty (PLN); conversion rate:10,000 zloty (old) = 1 zloty (new)

IMF membership Since 12 June 1986

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1995

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1986 - 31 December 1989: Pegged to a currency basket 1 January 1990 - 16 May 1991: Pegged to the US dollar 17 May 1991 - 13 October 1991: Pegged to a currency basket 14 October 1991 - 11 April 2000: Exchange rates within a crawlingband Since 12 April 2000: Independently floating

Time series BBEX3.A.PLN.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.PLN.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.PLN.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PLN.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.PLN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.PLN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.PLN.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.PLN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PLN.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PLN.USD.CA.AC.A02

Portugal

Capital Lisbon

Central bank Banco de Portugal

Central bank's website https://www.bportugal.pt/

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Escudo

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

PTE

Conversion rate 200.482 escudos = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999

Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:200.482 escudos = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from 2002onwards also in cash form)

IMF membership Since 29 March 1961

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

12 September 1988

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

19 March 1973 - 24 February 1977: Independently floating 25 February 1977 - 25 August 1977: Pegged to a trade weightedcurrency basket 26 August 1977 - 30 September 1990: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 1 October 1990 - 5 April 1992: Other managed floating 6 April 1992 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Qatar

Capital Doha

Central bank Qatar Central Bank

Central bank's website http://www.qcb.gov.qa

Currency Qatari riyal

ISO currency code QAR

Subunits 100 dirham

Currency circulation Qatar

Legacy currency Qatar and Dubai riyal

Conversion rate 1 Qatar and Dubai riyal = 1 Qatari riyal; with effect from 19 May 1973

Currency history Late June 1966: Saudi riyal banknotes were issued; conversion rate:106.5 Gulf rupee (at par with the Indian rupee) = 100 Saudi riyal. On21 March 1966, Qatar and Dubai signed a currency agreement. On6 June 1966, prior to the launch of the new common currency, theIndian rupee was devalued. To avoid negative implications for thecountry, the Qatari government made an agreement with the SaudiArabian Monetary Agency to borrow a total of 100 million Saudi riyalworth of banknotes backed by pound sterling balances in London. Atthe same time, the Gulf rupee ceased to be legal tender. 18 September 1966: Introduction of the Qatar and Dubai riyal;conversion rate: 100 Saudi riyal = 106.5 Qatar and Dubai riyal 19 May 1973: Introduction of the Qatari riyal (QAR); conversion rate:1 Qatar and Dubai riyal = 1 Qatari riyal

IMF membership Since 8 September 1972

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

4 June 1973

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

19 May 1973 - 18 March 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 19 March 1975 - 13 June 1980: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis the SDR Since 14 June 1980: Pegged to the US dollar

Time series BBEX3.A.QAR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.QAR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.QAR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.QAR.USD.CA.AC.A01

Romania

Capital Bucharest

Central bank National Bank of Romania

Central bank's website http://www.bnr.ro/

Currency Romanian leu (plural: lei)

ISO currency code RON

Subunits 100 bani

Currency circulation Romania

Legacy currency Romanian leu (plural: lei)

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

ROL

Conversion rate 10,000 Romanian lei (old) = 1 Romanian leu (new); with effect from 1July 2005

Currency history 28 January 1952: Introduction of the new leu (ROL); graduatedconversion rates for cash and deposits at financial institutions ofbetween 20 and 400 lei (old) = 1 leu (new); conversion rate for debtrelationships: generally 20 lei (old) = 1 leu (new) 1 July 2005: Introduction of the new leu (RON); conversion rate:10,000 lei (old) = 1 leu (new)

IMF membership Since 15 December 1972

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

25 March 1998

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

15 August 1947 - 30 June 1983: Pegged to the US dollar 1 July 1983 - 17 February 1991: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 18 February 1991 - 10 November 1991: Independently floating 11 November 1991 - 3 May 1992: Other managed floating 4 May 1992 - 30 December 1997: Independently floating 31 December 1997 - 29 June 2001: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 June 2001 - 1 November 2004: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 2 November 2004 - 21 July 2016: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 22 July 2016 - 24 January 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 25 January 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate withina narrow band without any political obligation) Romania maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the euro.

Time series BBEX3.A.RON.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.RON.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.RON.EUR.BB.AC.A01

BBEX3.M.RON.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.RON.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.RON.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.RON.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.RON.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.RON.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.RON.USD.CA.AC.A02

Russian Federation

Capital Moscow

Central bank The Central Bank of the Russian Federation

Central bank's website http://www.cbr.ru/eng/

Currency Russian rouble

ISO currency code RUB

Subunits 100 kopecks

Currency circulation Russian Federation

Legacy currency Russian rouble

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

RUR

Conversion rate 1,000 Russian rouble (old) = 1 Russian rouble (new); with effect from1 January 1998

Currency history 26 July 1993: Introduction of the Russian rouble (RUR); conversionrate: 1 Soviet rouble (SUR) = 1 Russian rouble 1 January 1998: Introduction of the new Russian rouble (RUB);conversion rate: 1,000 Russian rouble (old) = 1 Russian rouble (new)The old Russian rouble was also legal tender (at this rate) until 31December 1998

IMF membership Since 01 June 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

3 July 1992 - 5 July 1995: Independently floating 6 July 1995 - 29 September 1999: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 September 1999 - 30 December 2000: Independently floating 31 December 2000 - 28 February 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 March 2006 - 31 October 2008: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate against a currency basket - containing the euro and the US dollar- within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 November 2008 - 9 November 2014: Other managed arrangement 10 November 2014 - 28 July 2015: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) Since 29 July 2015: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only)

Time series BBEX3.A.RUB.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.RUB.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.RUB.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.RUB.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.RUB.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.RUB.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.RUB.USD.CA.AC.000

BBEX3.M.RUB.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.RUB.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.RUB.USD.CA.AC.A02

Rwanda

Capital Kigali

Central bank National Bank of Rwanda

Central bank's website http://www.bnr.rw

Currency Rwanda franc

ISO currency code RWF

Subunits 100 centimes

Currency circulation Rwanda

Legacy currency Rwanda and Burundi franc

Conversion rate 1 Rwanda and Burundi franc = 1 Rwanda franc; with effect from 24April 1964

Currency history 2 September 1960: Introduction of the Rwanda and Burundi franc;conversion rate: 1 Congo franc = 1 Rwanda and Burundi franc 24 April 1964: Introduction of the Rwanda franc (RWF); conversionrate: 1 Rwanda and Burundi franc = 1 Rwanda franc

IMF membership Since 30 September 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

10 December 1998

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

7 April 1966 - 5 September 1983: Pegged to the US dollar 6 September 1983 - 5 March 1995: Pegged to the SDR 6 March 1995 - 30 July 2000: Independently floating 31 July 2000 - 31 December 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2006 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 30 November 2008: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 December 2008 - 31 December 2008: Other managedarrangement 1 January 2009 - 3 January 2010: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 4 January 2010 - 31 December 2012: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 1 January 2013 - 23 September 2013: Other managed arrangement Since 24 September 2013: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) Rwanda maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Comment Independent (from Belgium) since 1 July 1962

Time series BBEX3.A.RWF.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.RWF.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.RWF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.RWF.USD.CA.AA.A04

BBEX3.A.RWF.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.RWF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.RWF.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.RWF.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.RWF.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.RWF.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.RWF.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.RWF.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.RWF.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.RWF.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.RWF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.RWF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.RWF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.RWF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

Capital Jamestown

Currency Saint Helena pound

ISO currency code SHP

Subunits 100 pence

Currency circulation Saint Helena and Ascension Tristan da Cunha uses the pound sterling as its currency.

Legacy currency Pound sterling

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

GBP

Conversion rate 1 pound sterling = 1 Saint Helena pound; with effect from 2 February1976

Currency history 2 February 1976: Introduction of the Saint Helena pound; conversionrate: 1 pound sterling = 1 Saint Helena pound

IMF membership Non-IMF-member

Comment British Overseas Territory Parity in relation to the pound sterling

Time series BBEX3.A.SHP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SHP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SHP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SHP.USD.CA.AC.A01

Saint Kitts and Nevis (until the beginning of 1987: Saint Christopher and Nevis)

Capital Basseterre

Central bank Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

Central bank's website https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/

Currency East Caribbean dollar

ISO currency code XCD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Saint Kitts and Nevis, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica,Montserrat, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and (since17 July 1968) Grenada

Legacy currency British West Indies dollar

Conversion rate 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar; with effect from6 October 1965

Currency history 6 October 1965: Introduction of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD);conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar

IMF membership Since 15 August 1984

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

3 December 1984

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

6 October 1965 - 6 July 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling(Eastern Caribbean Currency Union) Since 7 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar (Eastern CaribbeanCurrency Union)

Comment Saint Kitts and Nevis participates in the Eastern Caribbean CurrencyUnion. Independent since 19 September 1983 (formerly: British colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Saint Lucia

Capital Castries

Central bank Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

Central bank's website https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/

Currency East Caribbean dollar

ISO currency code XCD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Saint Lucia, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Montserrat,Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and (since 17July 1968) Grenada

Legacy currency British West Indies dollar

Conversion rate 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar; with effect from6 October 1965

Currency history 6 October 1965: Introduction of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD);conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar

IMF membership Since 15 November 1979

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

30 May 1980

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

6 October 1965 - 6 July 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling(Eastern Caribbean Currency Union) Since 7 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar (Eastern CaribbeanCurrency Union)

Comment Saint Lucia participates in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union. Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and theGrenadines were once referred to as the Windward Islands. Independent since 22 February 1979 (formerly: British colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Capital Kingstown

Central bank Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

Central bank's website https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/

Currency East Caribbean dollar

ISO currency code XCD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda,Dominica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia and (since 17July 1968) Grenada

Legacy currency British West Indies dollar

Conversion rate 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar; with effect from6 October 1965

Currency history 6 October 1965: Introduction of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD);conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar

IMF membership Since 28 December 1979

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

24 August 1981

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

6 October 1965 - 6 July 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling(Eastern Caribbean Currency Union) Since 7 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar (Eastern CaribbeanCurrency Union)

Comment Saint Vincent and the Grenadines participates in the EasternCaribbean Currency Union. Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and theGrenadines were once referred to as the Windward Islands. Independent since 27 October 1979 (formerly: British colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Samoa

Capital Apia

Central bank Central Bank of Samoa

Central bank's website http://www.cbs.gov.ws/

Currency Tala

ISO currency code WST

Subunits 100 sene

Currency circulation Samoa

Legacy currency New Zealand pound

Conversion rate 1 New Zealand pound = 2 tala; with effect from 10 July 1967

Currency history 10 July 1967: Introduction of the tala (WST); conversion rate: 1 NewZealand pound (also known as the Western Samoan pound) = 2 tala

IMF membership Since 28 December 1971

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

6 October 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 July 1973 - 26 October 1975: Pegged to the US dollar Since 27 October 1975: Pegged to a currency basket

Comment Independent (from New Zealand) since 1 January 1962

Time series BBEX3.A.WST.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.WST.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.WST.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.WST.USD.CM.AC.A01

San Marino

Capital San Marino

Central bank Banca Centrale della Repubblica di San Marino

Central bank's website http://www.bcsm.sm/

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Italian lira

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

ITL

Conversion rate 1,936.27 Italian lire = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999

Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:1,936.27 Italian lira = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from 2002onwards also in cash form)

IMF membership Since 23 September 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

23 September 1992

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

31 March 1939 - 31 December 1998: Use of the Italian lira as legaltender Since 1 January 1999: Use of the euro as legal tender

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Sao Tome and Principe

Capital São Tomé

Central bank Banco Central de S. Tomé e Príncipe

Central bank's website http://www.bcstp.st/

Currency Dobra

ISO currency code STN

Subunits 100 cêntimos

Currency circulation Sao Tome and Principe

Legacy currency Dobra

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

STD

Conversion rate 1,000 (old) dobra = 1 (new) dobra; with effect from 1 January 2018

Currency history 7 September 1977: Introduction of the dobra (STD); conversion rate: 1Sao-Tome-and-Principe-escudo = 1 dobra 1 January 2018: Introduction of the (new) dobra (STN); conversionrate: 1,000 (old) dobra = 1 (new) dobra

IMF membership Since 30 September 1977

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

8 September 1977 - 21 July 1987: Pegged to the SDR 22 July 1987 - 31 August 1991: Pegged to a currency basket 1 September 1991 - 1 December 1994: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 2 December 1994 - 2003: Independently floating 2003 - 31 May 2008: Managed floating with no predetermined pathfor the exchange rate 1 June 2008 - 31 December 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 1 January 2010: Pegged to the euro

Comment Independent since 12 July 1975 (formerly: Portuguese colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.STN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.STN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.STN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.STN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.STN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.STN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.STN.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.STN.USD.CA.AC.A01

Saudi Arabia

Capital Riyadh

Central bank Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency

Central bank's website http://www.sama.gov.sa

Currency Saudi riyal

ISO currency code SAR

Subunits 100 halalah

Currency circulation Saudi Arabia

IMF membership Since 26 August 1957

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

22 March 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

31 December 1959 - 14 March 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 15 March 1975 - June 1986: Pegged to the SDR Since June 1986: Pegged to the US dollar

Time series BBEX3.A.SAR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SAR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.SAR.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.SAR.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.SAR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SAR.USD.CA.AC.A01

Senegal

Capital Dakar

Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)

Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XOF

Currency circulation Senegal, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali,Niger, Togo

IMF membership Since 31 August 1962

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, West African Monetary Union; as of 1994, West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)

Comment Member state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union(UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine) On 20 June 1960, together with present-day Mali independent fromFrance as the Mali Federation; on 20 August 1960 withdrawal from theMali Federation; full independence since 22 August 1960

Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Serbia

Capital Belgrade

Central bank National Bank of Serbia

Central bank's website http://www.nbs.rs/internet/english/index.html

Currency Serbian dinar (until 3 February 2003 Yugoslav new dinar)

ISO currency code RSD

Subunits 100 para

Currency circulation Serbia

Legacy currency Yugoslav dinar

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

YUM

Conversion rate 12,000,000 Yugoslav dinar = 1 Yugoslav new dinar

Currency history 22 July 1994: Introduction of the Yugoslav new dinar (up to 3February 2003: YUM; from 4 February 2003 onwards: CSD (Serbiandinar) and since 25 October 2006: RSD); conversion rate: 12,000,000Yugoslav dinar = 1 Yugoslav new dinar

IMF membership Since 14 December 1992 (end of membership of Yugoslavia)

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 May 2002

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

30 August 2006 - 27 January 2016: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 28 January 2016 - 26 March 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 27 March 2017 - 1 March 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 2 March 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) Serbia maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the euro.

Comment With effect from 4 February 2003, the Federal Republic of Yugoslaviawas reconstituted as "Serbia and Montenegro". At the same time,the dinar, which remained legal tender only in Serbia, was renamedfrom "Yugoslav new dinar" to "Serbian dinar" (ISO code: CSD); inMontenegro, the euro has been the sole legal tender since 1 April2002. Since 3 June 2006, Serbia and Montenegro have been independentstates; as of 25 October 2006, the ISO code for the Serbian dinar waschanged from CSD to RSD.

Time series BBEX3.A.RSD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.RSD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.RSD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.RSD.USD.CA.AA.A04

BBEX3.A.RSD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.RSD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.RSD.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.RSD.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.RSD.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.RSD.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.RSD.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.RSD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.RSD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.RSD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.RSD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.RSD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.RSD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.RSD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Seychelles

Capital Victoria

Central bank Central Bank of Seychelles

Central bank's website http://www.cbs.sc

Currency Seychelles rupee

ISO currency code SCR

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Seychelles

IMF membership Since 30 June 1977

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

03 January 1978

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1 May 1968 - 4 November 1979: Pegged to the British pound sterling 5 November 1979 - 12 May 1996: Pegged to the SDR 13 May 1996 - 31 December 2006: Pegged to a currency basket 1 January 2007 - 4 October 2007: Crawling peg (moving central ratewithout a band) 5 October 2007 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 31 October 2008: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 November 2008 - 11 March 2013: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 12 March 2013 - 26 March 2014: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 27 March 2014: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Comment Independent since 28 June 1976

Time series BBEX3.A.SCR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SCR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SCR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SCR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SCR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SCR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SCR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SCR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SCR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SCR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SCR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SCR.USD.CA.AC.A01

Sierra Leone

Capital Freetown

Central bank Bank of Sierra Leone

Central bank's website http://www.bsl.gov.sl/

Currency Leone

ISO currency code SLL

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Sierra Leone

Legacy currency West African pound

Conversion rate 1 West African pound = 1 leone; with effect from 4 August 1964

Currency history 4 August 1964: Introduction of the leone (SLL); conversion rate: 1West African pound = 1 leone

IMF membership Since 10 September 1962

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

14 December 1995

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

7 June 1972 - 1 November 1978: Pegged to the British pound sterling 2 November 1978 - 30 March 1979: Other managed floating 31 March 1979 - 16 December 1982: Pegged to the SDR 17 December 1982 - 30 June 1983: Other managed floating 1 July 1983 - 20 February 1985: Pegged to the US dollar 21 February 1985 - 26 June 1986: Pegged to the SDR 27 June 1986 - 30 April 1987: Independently floating 1 May 1987 - 24 April 1990: Pegged to the US dollar 25 April 1990 - 31 December 2005: Independently floating 1 January 2006 - 30 November 2006: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 1 December 2006 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 31 October 2008: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 November 2008 - 9 August 2015: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) Since 10 August 2015: Other managed arrangement

Time series BBEX3.A.SLL.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SLL.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SLL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SLL.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SLL.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SLL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SLL.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SLL.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SLL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SLL.USD.CA.AA.A01

BBEX3.M.SLL.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SLL.USD.CA.AC.A01

Singapore

Capital Singapore

Central bank Monetary Authority of Singapore

Central bank's website http://www.mas.gov.sg/

Currency Singapore dollar

ISO currency code SGD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Singapore, Brunei Darussalam

Legacy currency Malayan dollar

Conversion rate 1 Malayan dollar = 1 Singapore dollar; with effect from 12 June 1967

Currency history 12 June 1967: Introduction of the Singapore dollar (SGD); conversionrate: 1 Malayan dollar = 1 Singapore dollar

IMF membership Since 3 August 1966

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

9 November 1968

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

21 June 1973 - 30 October 1975: Independently floating 31 October 1975 - 29 September 1987: Pegged to a currency basket 30 September 1987 - 30 December 1998: Other managed floating 31 December 1998 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 13 April 2010: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 14 April 2010 - 11 September 2011: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 12 September 2011 - 8 November 2011: Other managedarrangement 9 November 2011 - 31 December 2012: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 1 January 2013 - 8 February 2018: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 9 February 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central ratewith an annual minimum rate of change)

Comment 9 August 1965: Upon its separation from the Federation of Malaysia,Singapore gained independence. However, the monetary unionformed with Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam remained in place forthe next two years. Under an agreement between Singapore and Brunei Darussalam,the Brunei dollar (convertible at par) is also accepted as customarytender.

Time series BBEX3.A.SGD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.SGD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.SGD.EUR.BB.AC.A01

BBEX3.M.SGD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.SGD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SGD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.SGD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.SGD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SGD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Sint Maarten (southern part)

Capital Philipsburg

Central bank Centrale Bank van Curaçao en Sint Maarten (formerly: Bank van deNederlandse Antillen)

Central bank's website https://www.centralbank.cw/

Currency Netherlands Antillean guilder

ISO currency code ANG

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Sint Maarten (southern part) and Curaçao

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 February 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Since June 1940: Pegged to the US dollar

Comment Independent since 10 October 2010 within the Kingdom of theNetherlands; formerly Sint Maarten formed together with Bonaire,Curaçao, Saba and Saint Eustatius the Netherlands Antilles

Time series BBEX3.A.ANG.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.ANG.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.USD.CA.AC.A01

Slovakia

Capital Bratislava

Central bank Národná Banka Slovenska

Central bank's website http://www.nbs.sk

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Slovak koruna

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

SKK

Conversion rate 30.1260 Slovak koruna = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2009

Currency history 8 February 1993: Introduction of the Slovak koruna (SKK); conversionrate: 1 Czechoslovak koruna (CSK) = 1 Slovak koruna 1 January 2009: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:30.1260 Slovak koruna = 1 euro

IMF membership Since 1 January 1993

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 October 1995

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

8 February 1993 - 30 September 1998: Pegged to a currency basket(from 14 July 1994: 60% Deutsche Mark; 40% US dollar) 1 October 1998 - 27 November 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 28 November 2005 - 31 December 2008: Pegged to the euro(Exchange rate mechanism II) Since 1 January 2009: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2009)

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Slovenia

Capital Ljubljana

Central bank Bank of Slovenia

Central bank's website http://www.bsi.si/en/

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Slovenian tolar

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

SIT

Conversion rate 239.640 Slovenian tolar = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2007

Currency history 8 October 1991: Introduction of the Slovenian tolar (SIT); conversionrate: 1 Yugoslav dinar = 1 Slovenian tolar 1 January 2007: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:239.640 Slovenian tolar = 1 euro

IMF membership Since 14 December 1992 (end of membership of predecessor stateYugoslavia)

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 September 1995

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

8 October 1991 - 31 January 2002: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 February 2002 - 27 June 2004: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 28 June 2004 - 31 December 2006: Pegged to the euro (Exchangerate mechanism II) Since 1 January 2007: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2007)

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Solomon Islands

Capital Honiara

Central bank Central Bank of Solomon Islands

Central bank's website http://www.cbsi.com.sb/

Currency Solomon Islands dollar

ISO currency code SBD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Solomon Islands

Legacy currency Australian dollar

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

AUD

Conversion rate 1 Australian dollar = 1 Solomon Islands dollar; with effect from 24October 1977

Currency history 24 October 1977: Introduction of the Solomon Islands dollar (SBD);conversion rate: 1 Australian dollar = 1 Solomon Islands dollar

IMF membership Since 22 September 1978

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

24 July 1979

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

24 October 1977 - 28 October 1979: Pegged to the Australian dollar 29 October 1979 - 14 December 1997: Pegged to a trade weightedcurrency basket 15 December 1997 - 14 September 1998: Other managed floating 15 September 1998 - 29 June 2001: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 June 2001 - 31 December 2004: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 1 January 2005 - 31 March 2009: Conventional peg to a currencybasket (exchange rate guarantee but no irrevocable parity) 1 April 2009 - 31 January 2011: Pegged to the US dollar 1 February 2011 - 29 January 2012: Other managed arrangement 30 January 2012 - 30 September 2012: Pegged to the US dollar Since 1 October 2012: Pegged to a currency basket

Comment Independent since 7 July 1978

Time series BBEX3.A.SBD.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SBD.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SBD.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SBD.USD.CM.AC.A01

Somalia

Capital Mogadishu

Central bank Central Bank of Somalia

Central bank's website https://centralbank.gov.so/

Currency Somali shilling

ISO currency code SOS

Currency circulation Somalia

Legacy currency East African shilling (British Somaliland): Somalo (Italian Somaliland)

Conversion rate 1 East African shilling or 1 somalo = 1 Somali shilling; with effect from6 March 1961

Currency history 6 March 1961: Introduction of the Somali shilling (SOS); conversionrate: 1 East African shilling or 1 somalo = 1 Somali shilling

IMF membership Since 31 August 1962

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

6 March 1961 - 30 June 1982: Pegged to the US dollar 1 July 1982 - 30 June 1983: Pegged to the SDR 1 July 1983 - 14 June 1987: Adjusted according to a set of indicators 15 June 1987 - 11 October 1987: Independently floating 12 October 1987 - 31 May 1988: Pegged to the US dollar 1 June 1988 - 29 September 1990: Pegged to a currency basket 30 September 1990 - 29 September 1994: Other managed floating Since 30 September 1994: Independently floating Currently the Central Bank of Somalia does not have a monetarypolicy framework.

Comment Independence: British Somaliland since 26 June 1960, ItalianSomaliland since 1 July 1960; Federation on 1 July 1960

South Africa

Capital Pretoria, Seat of Parliament: Cape Town

Central bank South African Reserve Bank

Central bank's website https://www.resbank.co.za/

Currency South African rand

ISO currency code ZAR

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation South Africa Eswatini Lesotho Namibia

Legacy currency South African pound

Conversion rate 1 South African pound = 2 South African rand; with effect from 14February 1961

Currency history 14 February 1961: Introduction of the South African rand (ZAR);conversion rate: 1 South African pound = 2 South African rand

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 September 1973

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

24 October 1972 - 26 February 1979: Pegged to the US dollar Since 27 February 1979: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.ZAR.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ZAR.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ZAR.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ZAR.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.ZAR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ZAR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ZAR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ZAR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ZAR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ZAR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ZAR.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.ZAR.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.ZAR.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ZAR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ZAR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ZAR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ZAR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ZAR.USD.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.ZAR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ZAR.USD.CA.AB.A02

BBEX3.M.ZAR.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ZAR.USD.CA.AC.A02

South Sudan

Capital Juba

Central bank Bank of South Sudan

Central bank's website https://bankofsouthsudan.org/

Currency South Sudanese pound

ISO currency code SSP

Subunits 100 piastres

Currency circulation South Sudan

Legacy currency Sudanese pound

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

SDG

Conversion rate 1 Sudanese pound = 1 South Sudanese pound; with effect from 18July 2011

Currency history 18 July 2011: Introduction of the South Sudanese pound (SSP);conversion rate: 1 Sudanese pound = 1 South Sudanese pound

IMF membership Since 18 April 2012

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

July 2011 - September 2011: Independently floating September 2011 - 14 December 2015: Pegged to the US dollar 15 December 2015 - 5 September 2017: Other managedarrangement Since 6 September 2017: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) South Sudan maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.

Comment Independent since 9 July 2011

Time series BBEX3.A.SSP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SSP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SSP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SSP.USD.CA.AC.A01

Spain

Capital Madrid

Central bank Banco de España

Central bank's website https://www.bde.es/bde/es/

Currency Euro

ISO currency code EUR

Subunits 100 cent

Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity

Legacy currency Peseta

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

ESP

Conversion rate 166.386 pesetas = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999

Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:166.386 pesetas = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from 2002onwards also in cash form)

IMF membership Since 15 September 1958

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 July 1986

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

22 January 1974 - end of 1974: Independently floating End of 1974 - 8 February 1976: Pegged to a currency basket 9 February 1976 - 30 January 1977: Independently floating 31 January 1977 - 30 March 1982: Other 31 March 1982 - 1 February 1988: Other managed floating 2 February 1988 - 16 June 1989: Independently floating 19 June 1989 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)

Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Sri Lanka (up to 21 May 1972: Ceylon)

Capital Colombo

Central bank Central Bank of Sri Lanka

Central bank's website http://www.cbsl.gov.lk/

Currency Sri Lanka rupee

ISO currency code LKR

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Sri Lanka

Legacy currency Ceylon rupee

Conversion rate 1 Ceylon rupee = 1 Sri Lanka rupee; with effect from 22 May 1972

Currency history 22 May 1972: Introduction of the Sri Lanka rupee (LKR); conversionrate: 1 Ceylon rupee = 1 Sri Lanka rupee

IMF membership Since 29 August 1950

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 March 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1931 - 23 May 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling 24 May 1976 - 14 November 1977: Pegged to a currency basket 15 November 1977 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 22 January 2001: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 23 January 2001 - 31 March 2002: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 April 2002 - 31 January 2005: Independently floating 1 February 2005 - 4 December 2007: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 5 December 2007 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 31 December 2008: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 January 2009 - 30 April 2009: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 May 2009 - 28 February 2010: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 March 2010 - 30 April 2011: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) 1 May 2011 - 8 February 2012: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 9 February 2012 - 30 September 2013: Floating (market-determinedwith more frequent modes of intervention) 1 October 2013 - 12 October 2014: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 13 October 2014: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central ratewith an annual minimum rate of change)

Sri Lanka maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.LKR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LKR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LKR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.LKR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LKR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LKR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.LKR.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.LKR.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.LKR.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.LKR.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.LKR.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.LKR.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.LKR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LKR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LKR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.LKR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LKR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LKR.USD.CA.AC.A01

Sudan

Capital Khartoum

Central bank Central Bank of Sudan

Central bank's website http://www.cbos.gov.sd/en

Currency Sudanese pound

ISO currency code SDG

Subunits 100 piastres

Currency circulation Sudan

Legacy currency Sudanese dinar

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

SDD

Conversion rate 100 Sudanese dinar = 1 Sudanese pound; with effect from 10 January2007

Currency history 8 April 1957: Introduction of the Sudanese pound (SDP); conversionrate: 1 Egyptian pound = 1 Sudanese pound 24 May 1992: Introduction of the Sudanese dinar (SDD); conversionrate: 10 Sudanese pound = 1 Sudanese dinar 10 January 2007: Introduction of the Sudanese pound (SDG);conversion rate: 100 Sudanese dinar = 1 Sudanese pound

IMF membership Since 5 September 1957

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

29 October 2003

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

23 July 1958 - 11 August 1985: Pegged to the US dollar 12 August 1985 - 2 October 1987: Pegged to a currency basket(oriented to the US dollar) 3 October 1987 - 1 February 1992: Pegged to the US dollar 2 February 1992 - 15 October 1993: Independently floating 16 October 1993 - 26 September 1995: Other managed floating 27 September 1995 - 9 July 1996: Independently floating 10 July 1996 - 20 October 1998: Other managed floating 21 October 1998 - 29 September 2000: Independently floating 30 September 2000 - 31 December 2001: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2002 - 27 February 2003: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement against the US dollar 28 February 2003 - 31 May 2003: Pegged exchange rate against theUS dollar within horizontal bands 1 June 2003 - 30 November 2009: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 December 2009 - 31 December 2014: Other managedarrangement 1 January 2015 - 7 September 2016: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation)

8 September 2016 - 21 January 2018: Other managed arrangement Since 22 January 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate withina narrow band without any political obligation) Sudan maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.SDG.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SDG.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SDG.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SDG.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SDG.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SDG.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SDG.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SDG.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SDG.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SDG.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SDG.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SDG.USD.CA.AC.A01

Suriname

Capital Paramaribo

Central bank Central Bank van Suriname

Central bank's website https://www.cbvs.sr/

Currency Suriname dollar

ISO currency code SRD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Suriname

Legacy currency Suriname guilder

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

SRG

Conversion rate 1,000 Suriname guilder = 1 Suriname dollar; with effect from 1January 2004

Currency history 1 January 2004: Introduction of the Suriname dollar (SRD); conversionrate: 1,000 Suriname guilder (SRG) = 1 Suriname dollar

IMF membership Since 27 April 1978

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

29 June 1978

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

27 December 1971 - 10 July 1994: Pegged to the US dollar 11 July 1994 - 2 October 2000: Independently floating 3 October 2000 - 20 December 2001: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 21 December 2001 - 29 June 2004: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 June 2004 - 31 December 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2005 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 29 March 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 30 March 2016 - 12 February 2017: Other managed arrangement Since 13 February 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) Suriname maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.SRD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SRD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SRD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SRD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SRD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SRD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SRD.EUR.CA.AA.A01

BBEX3.M.SRD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SRD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SRD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SRD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SRD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Sweden

Capital Stockholm

Central bank Sveriges Riksbank

Central bank's website https://www.riksbank.se/sv/

Currency Swedish krona

ISO currency code SEK

Subunits 100 öre

Currency circulation Sweden

IMF membership Since 31 August 1951

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 February 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

19 March 1973 - 28 August 1977: Cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 29 August 1977: Withdrawal from the cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 29 August 1977 - 16 May 1991: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 17 May 1991 - 18 November 1992: Pegged to the ECU Since 19 November 1992: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only)

Time series BBEX3.A.SEK.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.SEK.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.SEK.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SEK.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.SEK.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SEK.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SEK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SEK.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SEK.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SEK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.SEK.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.SEK.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.SEK.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.SEK.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SEK.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SEK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SEK.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SEK.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SEK.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SEK.USD.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.SEK.USD.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.SEK.USD.CA.AC.A02

Switzerland

Capital Berne

Central bank Schweizerische Nationalbank

Central bank's website https://www.snb.ch/en/

Currency Swiss franc

ISO currency code CHF

Subunits 100 rappen / centimes

Currency circulation Switzerland, Liechtenstein

IMF membership Since 29 May 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

29 May 1992

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

10 May 1971 - 22 January 1973: Pegged to the US dollar 23 January 1973 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 14 March 2009: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only) 15 March 2009 - 17 December 2009: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 18 December 2009 - 31 May 2010: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 June 2010 - 5 September 2011: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) 6 September 2011 - 31 December 2011: Other managedarrangement 1 January 2012 - 13 January 2013: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 14 January 2013 - 28 May 2014: Other managed arrangement 29 May 2014 - 14 January 2015: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 15 January 2015: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Comment From 6 September 2011 to 14 January 2015, Switzerland maintaineda de facto exchange rate anchor to the euro.

Time series BBEX3.A.CHF.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.CHF.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CHF.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CHF.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.CHF.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.CHF.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.D.CHF.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.M.CHF.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CHF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CHF.USD.CA.AA.A02

Syrian Arab Republic

Capital Damascus

Central bank Central Bank of Syria

Central bank's website http://cb.gov.sy/en

Currency Syrian pound

ISO currency code SYP

Subunits 100 piastres

Currency circulation Syrian Arab Republic

IMF membership Since 10 April 1947

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

29 July 1947 - 31 August 2007: Pegged to the US dollar 1 September 2007 - 31 March 2009: Pegged exchange rate againstthe SDR within horizontal bands 1 April 2009 - 31 March 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rateagainst a currency basket - SDR with higher US dollar weight - withina narrow band without any political obligation) Since 1 April 2011: Other managed arrangement

Comment Independent since 17 April 1946

Time series BBEX3.A.SYP.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SYP.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SYP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SYP.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SYP.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SYP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SYP.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SYP.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SYP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SYP.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SYP.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SYP.USD.CA.AC.A01

Tajikistan

Capital Dushanbe

Central bank National Bank of Tajikistan

Central bank's website http://nbt.tj/en/

Currency Somoni

ISO currency code TJS

Subunits 100 diram

Currency circulation Tajikistan

Legacy currency Tajik rouble

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

TJR

Conversion rate 1,000 Tajik rouble = 1 somoni; with effect from 30 October 2000

Currency history In early 1994: The Russian rouble (RUR) replaces the Soviet roubleas the sole legal tender 10 May 1995: Introduction of the Tajik rouble (TJR); conversion rate:100 Russian rouble = 1 Tajik rouble 30 October 2000: Introduction of the somoni (TJS); conversion rate:1,000 Tajik rouble = 1 somoni

IMF membership Since 27 April 1993

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

9 December 2004

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1994 - 9 May 1995: Use of the Russian rouble as legal tender 10 May 1995 - 30 December 1997: Independently floating 31 December 1997 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 30 June 2000: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 July 2000 - 30 June 2002: Independently floating 1 July 2002 - 31 December 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2007 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 31 December 2008: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 January 2009 - 31 July 2009: Other managed arrangement 1 August 2009 - 28 February 2011: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 March 2011 - 27 September 2011: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 28 September 2011 - 30 April 2014: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 May 2014 - 15 March 2015: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) 16 March 2015 - 31 January 2016: Other managed arrangement

1 February 2016 - 12 February 2017: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 13 February 2017 - 23 May 2017: Other managed arrangement 24 May 2017 - 10 April 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 11 April 2018 - 10 July 2018: Other managed arrangement Since 11 July 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) Tajikistan maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.TJS.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TJS.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.TJS.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.TJS.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.TJS.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TJS.USD.CA.AC.A01

Tanzania, United Republic of

Capital Dodoma, Seat of Government: Dar es Salaam

Central bank Bank of Tanzania

Central bank's website http://www.bot.go.tz/

Currency Tanzania shilling

ISO currency code TZS

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Tanzania, United Republic of

Legacy currency East African shilling

Conversion rate 1 East African shilling = 1 Tanzania shilling; with effect from 14 June1966

Currency history 14 June 1966: Introduction of the Tanzania shilling (TZS); conversionrate: 1 East African shilling = 1 Tanzania shilling

IMF membership Since 10 September 1962

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 July 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

14 January 1974 - 26 October 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 27 October 1975 - 19 January 1979: Pegged to the SDR 20 January 1979 - 2 August 1993: Pegged to a currency basket 3 August 1993 - 29 April 2007: Independently floating 30 April 2007 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 7 January 2016: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 8 January 2016 - 31 December 2017: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 1 January 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central ratewith an annual minimum rate of change) Tanzania maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.TZS.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TZS.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TZS.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TZS.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TZS.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TZS.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.TZS.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TZS.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TZS.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TZS.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TZS.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TZS.USD.CA.AC.A01

Thailand

Capital Bangkok

Central bank Bank of Thailand

Central bank's website https://www.bot.or.th/English/Pages/default.aspx

Currency Thai baht

ISO currency code THB

Subunits 100 satang

Currency circulation Thailand

IMF membership Since 3 May 1949

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

4 May 1990

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 September 1949 - 7 March 1978: Pegged to the US dollar 8 March 1978 - 14 July 1981: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 15 July 1981 - 29 June 1982: Other managed floating 30 June 1982 - 4 November 1984: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis the USdollar 5 November 1984 - 1 July 1997: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 2 July 1997 - 29 June 2001: Independently floating Since 30 June 2001: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.THB.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.THB.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.THB.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.THB.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.THB.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.THB.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.THB.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.THB.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.THB.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.THB.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.THB.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.THB.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.THB.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.THB.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.THB.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.THB.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.THB.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.THB.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.THB.USD.CA.AC.A01

Timor-Leste

Capital Dili

Central bank Central Bank of Timor-Leste

Central bank's website https://www.bancocentral.tl/en

Currency US dollar

ISO currency code USD

Subunits 100 Cents

Currency circulation United States, American Samoa, Bonaire, Ecuador, El Salvador,Guam, Amerikanische Jungferninseln, Britische Jungferninseln,Marshall islands, Föderierte Staaten von Micronesia, FederatedStates of, Nördliche Marianen, Palau, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saba, St.Eustatius, Timor-Leste, Turks- u. Caicosinseln

IMF membership Since 23 July 2002

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

23 July 2002

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Since 20 May 2002: Use of the US dollar as legal tender

Comment Independent since 20 May 2002. Since 10 November 2003 the Central Bank of Timot-Leste issuescoins known as "centavos", equivalent in value to the United Statescents.

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02

Togo

Capital Lomé

Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)

Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XOF

Currency circulation Togo, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger,Senegal

IMF membership Since 01 August 1962

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

01 June 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, West African Monetary Union; as of 1994, West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)

Comment Member state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union(UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine) Independent since 27 April 1960

Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Tonga

Capital Nuku'alofa

Central bank National Reserve Bank of Tonga

Central bank's website http://www.reservebank.to

Currency Pa'anga

ISO currency code TOP

Subunits 100 seniti

Currency circulation Tonga

Legacy currency Tongan pound

Conversion rate 1 Tongan pound = 2 pa'anga; with effect from 3 April 1967

Currency history 3 April 1967: Introduction of the pa'anga (TOP); conversion rate: 1Tongan pound = 2 pa'anga

IMF membership Since 13 September 1985

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

22 March 1991

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

November 1976 - 7 February 1991: Pegged to the Australian dollar 8 February 1991 - 29 June 2001: Pegged to a currency basket Since 30 June 2001: Pegged exchange rate against a currencybasket within horizontal bands

Comment Independent (from Great Britain) since 4 June 1970

Time series BBEX3.A.TOP.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TOP.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.TOP.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TOP.USD.CM.AC.A01

Trinidad and Tobago

Capital Port-of-Spain

Central bank Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago

Central bank's website https://www.central-bank.org.tt/

Currency Trinidad and Tobago dollar

ISO currency code TTD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Trinidad and Tobago

Legacy currency British West Indies dollar

Conversion rate 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 Trinidad and Tobago dollar; with effectfrom 14 December 1964

Currency history 14 December 1964: Introduction of the Trinidad and Tobago dollar(TTD); conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 Trinidad andTobago dollar

IMF membership Since 16 September 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

13 December 1993

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

14 December 1964 - 27 May 1976: Pegged to the British poundsterling 28 May 1976 - 12 April 1993: Pegged to the US dollar 13 April 1993 - 30 March 1999: Independently floating 31 March 1999 - 29 June 2001: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 June 2001 - 31 December 2003: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2004 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 20 December 2015: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 21 December 2015 - 18 July 2016: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 19 July 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation)

Comment Independent since 31 August 1962 (formerly: British colony)

Time series BBEX3.A.TTD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TTD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TTD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TTD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TTD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TTD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.TTD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TTD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TTD.EUR.CA.AC.A01

BBEX3.M.TTD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TTD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TTD.USD.CA.AC.A01

Tunisia

Capital Tunis

Central bank Banque Centrale de Tunisie

Central bank's website http://www.bct.gov.tn

Currency Tunisian dinar

ISO currency code TND

Subunits 1,000 millimes

Currency circulation Tunisia

Legacy currency Tunisian franc

Conversion rate 1,000 Tunisian franc = 1 Tunisian dinar; with effect from 1 November1958

Currency history 1 November 1958: Introduction of the Tunisian dinar (TND);conversion rate: 1,000 Tunisian franc = 1 Tunisian dinar

IMF membership Since 14 April 1958

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

6 January 1993

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

24 August 1973 - January 1974: Pegged to the French franc January 1974 - 30 December 1986: Pegged to a currency basket 31 December 1986 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 30 December 2000: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 31 December 2000 - 31 December 2001: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2002 - 31 December 2004: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 1 January 2005 - 30 April 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 May 2006 - 31 December 2007: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 January 2008 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 14 January 2009: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 15 January 2009 - 31 August 2011: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 September 2011 - 11 May 2016: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 12 May 2016 - 18 May 2017: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) Since 19 May 2017: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change) Tunisia maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the euro.

Time series BBEX3.A.TND.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TND.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TND.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TND.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TND.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TND.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.TND.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.TND.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.TND.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.TND.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.TND.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.TND.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.TND.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TND.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TND.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TND.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TND.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TND.USD.CA.AC.A01

Turkey

Capital Ankara

Central bank Central Bank of Turkey

Central bank's website http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/

Currency Turkish lira (up to 31 December 2008 designated as New Turkish lira)

ISO currency code TRY

Subunits 100 kurus

Currency circulation Turkey

Legacy currency Turkish lira

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

TRL

Conversion rate 1,000,000 Turkish lira = 1 New Turkish lira; with effect from 1 January2005

Currency history 1 January 2005: Introduction of the New Turkish lira (TRY);conversion rate: 1,000,000 Turkish lira = 1 New Turkish lira(designated as Turkish lira since 1 January 2009)

IMF membership Since 11 March 1947

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

22 March 1990

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

8 July 1975 - 1978: Independently floating 1978 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 21 February 2001: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 22 February 2001 - 23 October 2008: Free floating (market-determined with intervention in exceptional cases only) 24 October 2008 - 3 August 2009: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 4 August 2009 - 3 October 2010: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) Since 4 October 2010: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.TRY.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.TRY.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.TRY.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TRY.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.TRY.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TRY.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TRY.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TRY.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TRY.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TRY.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.TRY.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.TRY.USD.CA.AB.000

BBEX3.D.TRY.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.TRY.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TRY.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TRY.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TRY.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TRY.USD.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.TRY.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TRY.USD.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.TRY.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TRY.USD.CA.AC.A02

Turkmenistan

Capital Ashgabat

Central bank Central Bank of Turkmenistan

Central bank's website http://www.cbt.tm/

Currency Turkmen manat

ISO currency code TMT

Subunits 100 tenge

Currency circulation Turkmenistan

Legacy currency Turkmen manat

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

TMM

Conversion rate 5,000 Turkmen manat (old) = 1 Turkmen manat (new); with effect from1 January 2009

Currency history 1 November 1993: Introduction of the Turkmen manat (TMM). Thechangeover from the Russian rouble to the Turkmen manat took placebetween 1 and 19 November 1993 at the following rates: 1 to 5 November 1993: 500 Russian rouble = 1 Turkmen manat 6 to 12 November 1993: 595 Russian rouble = 1 Turkmen manat 13 to 19 November 1993: 599 Russian rouble = 1 Turkmen manat 1 January 2009: Introduction of the new Turkmen manat (TMT);conversion rate: 5,000 Turkmen manat (old) = 1 Turkmen manat(new). The old Turkmen manat also remained legal tender (at thisrate) until the end of December 2009

IMF membership Since 22 September 1992

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

27 October 1991 - 31 October 1993: Use of the Soviet/Russian roubleas legal tender 1 November 1993 - 26 November 1995: Pegged to the US dollar 27 November 1995 - 19 April 1998: Other managed floating Since 20 April 1998: Conventional peg (exchange rate guarantee butno irrevocable parity)

Time series BBEX3.A.TMT.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TMT.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.TMT.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.TMT.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TMT.USD.CA.AC.A01

Tuvalu

Capital Funafuti

Currency Australian dollar

ISO currency code AUD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Australia , Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Kiribati, Nauru, NorfolkIsland, Tuvalu

IMF membership Since 24 June 2010

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Since 1 October 1978: Use of the Australian dollar as legal tender

Comment Independent since 1 October 1978; local currency is also in use.

Time series BBEX3.A.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.AUD.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AUD.USD.CM.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A02

Uganda

Capital Kampala

Central bank Bank of Uganda

Central bank's website http://www.bou.or.ug

Currency Uganda shilling

ISO currency code UGX

Currency circulation Uganda

Legacy currency Uganda shilling

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

UGS

Conversion rate 100 Uganda shilling (old) = 1 Uganda shilling (new); with effect from15 May 1987

Currency history 15 August 1966: Introduction of the Uganda shilling (UGS);conversion rate: 1 East African shilling = 1 Uganda shilling 15 May 1987: Introduction of the new Uganda shilling (UGX);conversion rate: 100 Uganda shilling (old) = 1 Uganda shilling (new)

IMF membership Since 27 September 1963

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

5 April 1994

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

11 October 1971 - 26 October 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 27 October 1975 - 7 June 1981: Pegged to the SDR 8 June 1981 - 14 June 1984: Other managed floating 15 June 1984 - 30 December 1985: Independently floating 31 December 1985 - 18 February 1986: Other managed floating 19 February 1986 - November 1989: Pegged to the US dollar November 1989 - 30 January 1992: Pegged to a currency basket 31 January 1992 - 29 April 2007: Independently floating Since 30 April 2007: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.UGX.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.UGX.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.UGX.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.UGX.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.UGX.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.UGX.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.UGX.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.UGX.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.UGX.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.UGX.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.UGX.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.UGX.USD.CA.AC.A01

Ukraine

Capital Kyiv

Central bank National Bank of Ukraine

Central bank's website http://www.bank.gov.ua

Currency Hryvnia

ISO currency code UAH

Subunits 100 kopiyok

Currency circulation Ukraine

Legacy currency Karbovanets

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

UAK

Conversion rate 100,000 karbovanets = 1 hryvnia; with effect from 2 September 1996

Currency history 13 November 1992: Introduction of the karbovanets (UAK); conversionrate: 1 Soviet rouble = 1 karbovanets 2 September 1996: Introduction of the hryvnia (UAH); conversionrate: 100,000 karbovanets = 1 hryvnia

IMF membership Since 03 September 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

24 September 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

3 September 1992 - 30 December 1995: Independently floating 31 December 1995 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 5 August 1999: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 6 August 1999 - 31 December 2001: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2002 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 28 February 2010: Other managed arrangement 1 March 2010 - 6 February 2014: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 7 February 2014: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.UAH.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.UAH.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.UAH.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.UAH.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.UAH.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.UAH.EUR.CA.AC.A02 BBEX3.M.UAH.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.UAH.USD.CA.AC.A02

United Arab Emirates

Capital Abu Dhabi

Central bank Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates

Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.ae/en

Currency United Arab Emirates dirham

ISO currency code AED

Subunits 100 fils

Currency circulation United Arab Emirates

Legacy currency Bahraini dinar (in Abu Dhabi) Qatar and Dubai riyal (in Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah,Sharjah and Umm al-Qaiwain)

Conversion rate 1 Bahraini dinar = 10 United Arab Emirates dirham; with effect from 20May 1973 1 Qatar and Dubai riyal = 1 United Arab Emirates dirham; with effectfrom 20 May 1973

Currency history 20 May 1973: Introduction of the United Arab Emirates dirham (AED);conversion rate: 1 Bahraini dinar = 10 United Arab Emirates dirham, 1Qatar and Dubai riyal = 1 United Arab Emirates dirham

IMF membership Since 22 September 1972

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

13 February 1974

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

20 May 1973 - 21 November 1980: Pegged to the SDR Since 22 November 1980: Pegged to the US dollar

Comment Independent (from Great Britain) since 2 December 1971. On thatdate, Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Sharjah and Umm al-Qaiwain agreed to enter into a union called the United Arab Emirates;Ras al-Khaimah joined the union on 11 February 1972

Time series BBEX3.A.AED.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AED.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AED.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.AED.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AED.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AED.USD.CA.AC.A01

United Kingdom

Capital London

Central bank Bank of England

Central bank's website http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/

Currency Pound sterling

ISO currency code GBP

Subunits 100 pence (since the introduction of the decimal currency on 15February 1971)

Currency circulation United Kingdom, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 February 1961

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1 May 1972 - 22 June 1972: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement) 23 June 1972: Withdrawal from the cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 23 June 1972 - 7 October 1990: Independently floating 8 October 1990 - 16 September 1992: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) 17 September 1992: Withdrawal from the European MonetarySystem 17 September 1992 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating Since 30 April 2008: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only)

Comment In Scotland and Northern Ireland, a small volume of banknotes issuedby commercial banks in these territories is in circulation alongsidenotes issued by the Bank of England.

Time series BBEX3.A.GBP.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.GBP.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.GBP.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GBP.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.GBP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GBP.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.GBP.USD.CM.AC.000 BBEX3.M.GBP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GBP.USD.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GBP.USD.CM.AC.A02

United States

Capital Washington

Central bank Federal Reserve (FED)

Central bank's website https://www.federalreserve.gov/

Currency US dollar

ISO currency code USD

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation United States, American Samoa, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands,Ecuador, El Salvador, Guam, Marshall Islands, Federated States ofMicronesia, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Panama, Puerto Rico,Saba, Saint Eustatius, Timor-Leste, Turks and Caicos Islands, VirginIslands of the United States

IMF membership Since 27 December 1945

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

10 December 1946

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

Since 15 August 1971: Independently floating

Comment Obligation to convert the US dollar into gold abolished on 15 August1971 as part of the Nixon shock

Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.USD.GBP.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.GBP.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.GBP.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.GBP.CA.AC.A02

Uruguay

Capital Montevideo

Central bank Banco Central del Uruguay

Central bank's website https://www.bcu.gub.uy/Paginas/Default.aspx

Currency Uruguayan peso

ISO currency code UYU

Subunits 100 centésimos

Currency circulation Uruguay

Legacy currency Uruguayan new peso

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

UYP

Conversion rate 1,000 Uruguayan new peso = 1 Uruguayan peso; with effect from 1March 1993

Currency history 1 July 1975: Introduction of the Uruguayan new peso (UYP);conversion rate: 1,000 Uruguayan peso = 1 Uruguayan new peso 1 March 1993: Introduction of the Uruguayan peso (UYU); conversionrate: 1,000 Uruguayan new peso = 1 Uruguayan peso

IMF membership Since 11 March 1946

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

2 May 1980

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

9 December 1971 - 30 January 1977: Pegged to the US dollar 31 January 1977 - 30 March 1979: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 31 March 1979 - 25 November 1982: Other managed floating 26 November 1982 - 30 March 1992: Independently floating 31 March 1992 - 19 June 2002: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 20 June 2002 - 29 November 2005: Independently floating 30 November 2005 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.UYU.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.UYU.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.UYU.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.UYU.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.UYU.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.UYU.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.UYU.EUR.CA.AC.A02 BBEX3.M.UYU.USD.CA.AC.A02

Uzbekistan

Capital Tashkent

Central bank Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Central bank's website http://www.cbu.uz

Currency Uzbekistan sum

ISO currency code UZS

Subunits 100 tiyin

Currency circulation Uzbekistan

Legacy currency Uzbekistan sum coupon

Conversion rate 1,000 Uzbekistan sum coupons = 1 Uzbekistan sum, with effect from1 July 1994

Currency history 22 November 1993: Introduction of the Uzbekistan sum (in the formof coupons) as the new currency. The Russian rouble (RUR) alsoremained in circulation until the end of December 1993. 1 July 1994: Introduction of the Uzbekistan sum (UZS); conversionrate: 1,000 Uzbekistan sum coupons = 1 Uzbekistan sum.

IMF membership Since 21 September 1992

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

15 October 2003

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

21 September 1992 - 21 November 1993: Use of the Soviet/Russianrouble as legal tender 22 November 1993 - 30 June 1994: Pegged to the US dollar 1 July 1994 - 31 October 1995: Independently floating 1 November 1995 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 30 May 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 31 May 2006 - 31 March 2007: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 April 2007 - 29 April 2008: Crawling peg (moving central ratewithout a band) 30 April 2008 - 5 September 2017: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 6 September 2017 - 7 May 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 8 May 2018 - 18 July 2018: Other managed arrangement Since 19 July 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change) Uzbekistan maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.

Time series BBEX3.A.UZS.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.UZS.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.UZS.EUR.CA.AC.000

BBEX3.D.UZS.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.UZS.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.UZS.USD.CA.AC.A01

Vanuatu

Capital Port Vila

Central bank Reserve Bank of Vanuatu

Central bank's website http://www.rbv.gov.vu

Currency Vatu

ISO currency code VUV

Currency circulation Vanuatu

Legacy currency New Hebrides franc

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

NHF

Conversion rate 1 New Hebrides franc = 1 vatu; with effect from 1 January 1981

Currency history 1 January 1981: Introduction of the vatu (VUV); conversion rate: 1New Hebrides franc = 1 vatu

IMF membership Since 28 September 1981

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

11 December 1982

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

1 January 1981 - 9 September 1981: Pegged to the French franc 10 September 1981 - 4 February 1988: Pegged to the SDR Since 5 February 1988: Pegged to a trade weighted currency basket

Comment Independent since 30 July 1980.

Time series BBEX3.A.VUV.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.VUV.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.VUV.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.VUV.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.VUV.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.VUV.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.VUV.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.VUV.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.VUV.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.VUV.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.VUV.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.VUV.USD.CA.AC.A01

Venezuela, Bolivarian Republik of

Capital Caracas

Central bank Banco Central de Venezuela

Central bank's website http://www.bcv.org.ve/

Currency Bolívar soberano

ISO currency code VES

Subunits 100 céntimos

Currency circulation Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Legacy currency Bolívar (until the end of 2011 bolívar fuerte)

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

VEF

Conversion rate 100,000 bolívar = 1 bolívar soberano; with effect from 20 August 2018

Currency history 1 January 2008: Introduction of the bolívar fuerte (VEF); conversionrate: 1,000 bolívar = 1 bolívar fuerte (designated as bolívar sinceJanuary 2012) 20 August 2018: Introduction of the bolívar soberano (VES);conversion rate: 100,000 bolívar = 1 bolívar soberano

IMF membership Since 30 December 1946

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

1 July 1976

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

21 February 1973 - 12 March 1989: Pegged to the US dollar 13 March 1989 - 29 June 1993: Independently floating 30 June 1993 - 10 July 1994: Other managed floating 11 July 1994 - 21 April 1996: Pegged to the US dollar 22 April 1996 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 12 February 2002: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 13 February 2002 - 4 February 2003: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 5 February 2003 - 6 March 2016: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) Since 7 March 2016: Other managed arrangement

Time series BBEX3.A.VES.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.VES.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.VES.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.VES.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.VES.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.VES.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.VES.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.VES.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.VES.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.VES.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.VES.USD.CA.AB.A01

BBEX3.M.VES.USD.CA.AC.A01

Viet Nam

Capital Hanoi

Central bank State Bank of Vietnam

Central bank's website http://www.sbv.gov.vn/

Currency Dong

ISO currency code VND

Subunits 10 hào / 100 xu

Currency circulation Viet Nam

Legacy currency Dong

Conversion rate 10 dong (old) = 1 dong (new); with effect from 14 September 1985

Currency history 21 July 1954: Conclusion of the Geneva Indochina conference. Theoutcome is that the country is split into the Democratic Republic ofViet Nam (North Viet Nam) and the Republic of Viet Nam (South VietNam). North Viet Nam Up until 30 October 1954: Conversion of Indochinese piastre intodong (the latter had already been in circulation in the north since1951) at a rate of 30 Indochinese piastre = 1 dong 1 March 1959: Introduction of the new dong; conversion rate: 1,000dong (old) = 1 dong (new) South Viet Nam 31 December 1954: End of the currency union with Cambodia andLaos 30 September 1955: Own banknotes denominated in piastre / dongare issued for the first time; conversion rate: 1 Indochinese piastre = 1Vietnamese piastre 22 September 1975: Introduction of the South Vietnamese dong;conversion rate: 500 Vietnamese piastre = 1 South Vietnamese dong(0.80 South Vietnamese dong = 1 North Vietnamese dong) 3 May 1978: Introduction of the unified dong (VND); conversion rate:1 North Vietnamesedong / 0.80 South Vietnamese dong = 1 dong(new) 14 September 1985: Introduction of the new dong (VND); conversionrate: 10 dong (old) = 1 dong (new)

IMF membership Since 21 September 1956

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

8 November 2005

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMF

3 May 1978 - 14 September 1985: Pegged to the SDR 15 September 1985 - 9 November 1988: Pegged to the US dollar 10 November 1988 - 24 February 1999: Other managed floating

classification (as of end-April2019)

25 February 1999 - 29 June 2001: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 30 June 2001 - 31 December 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2005 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 7 November 2008: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 8 November 2008 - 31 December 2008: Other managedarrangement Since 1 January 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate withina narrow band without any political obligation) Viet Nam maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Comment On 2 July 1976, the Republic of Viet Nam (South Viet Nam) and theDemocratic Republic of Viet Nam (North Viet Nam) were merged toform Viet Nam.

Time series BBEX3.A.VND.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.VND.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.VND.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.VND.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.VND.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.VND.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.VND.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.VND.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.VND.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.VND.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.VND.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.VND.USD.CA.AC.A01

West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)

Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)

Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int

Currency CFA franc

ISO currency code XOF

Currency circulation Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger,Senegal, Togo

Comment Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger,Senegal and Togo all belong to the West African Economic andMonetary Union (UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire OuestAfricaine). The responsible monetary authority is the "BanqueCentrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest", whose CFA franc (F.CFA= Franc de la Communauté FinancièreAfricaine) is legal tender only inthe aforementioned countries.

Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01

Yemen

Capital Sana'a

Central bank Central Bank of Yemen

Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.gov.ye

Currency Yemeni rial

ISO currency code YER

Subunits 100 fils (by decree of 4 March 1975; previously: 40 buqshas)

Currency circulation Yemen

Legacy currency Maria Theresa thaler (North Yemen) Yemeni dinar (South Yemen)

Conversion rate 1 Maria Theresa thaler = 1 Yemeni rial 1 Yemeni dinar = 26 Yemeni rial

Currency history (North) Yemen 4 February 1964: Introduction of the Yemeni rial; conversion rate: 1Maria Theresa thaler = 1 Yemeni rial Democratic Yemen (South Yemen; independent from Great Britainsince 30 November 1967) 1 October 1951: The East African shilling replaced the Indian rupeein the Colony of Aden, which became the State of Aden in theFederation of South Arabia in 1963 (until 1967). 1 April 1965: Introduction of the South Arabian dinar; conversion rate:20 East African shilling = 1 South Arabian dinar 27 August 1968: Introduction of the Yemeni dinar (YDD; known asthe South Yemeni dinar until the middle of 1972); conversion rate: 1South Arabian dinar = 1 Yemeni dinar 4 May 1990: the Yemeni dinar (YDD) became legal tender in NorthYemen, and likewise the Yemeni rial (YER) in South Yemen, at a ratioof YDD 1 = YER 26 North and South Yemen united to form the current Republic ofYemen on 22 May 1990, with both currencies remaining legal tenderuntil 1996. The Yemeni rial has been the sole legal tender since thedeadline for exchanging currency passed on 15 August 1996.

IMF membership Since 22 May 1970

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

10 December 1996

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

22 May 1990 - 30 June 1996: Pegged to the US dollar 1 July 1996 - 31 December 2004: Independently floating 1 January 2005 - 31 January 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 February 2006 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement

30 April 2008 - 30 June 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 July 2009 - 31 May 2012: Other managed arrangement Since 1 June 2012: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) Yemen maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.

Comment History: A law was passed in the former Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen)on 3 February 1964 to establish a currency board that was authorisedto issue banknotes. The exchange period for North Yemen's sole legaltender until that time, the Maria Theresa thaler, expired on 30 April1965. On 8 March 1965, the Yemeni rial then became the sole legaltender. As of 27 August 1968, the currency of the Democratic Yemen (SouthYemen) was the Yemeni dinar (known as the South Yemeni dinar untilthe middle of 1972). On 4 May 1990, the Yemeni dinar (YDD) became legal tender inNorth Yemen, and likewise the Yemeni rial (YER) in South Yemen, ata ratio of YDD 1 = YER 26. North and South Yemen united to form the current Republic ofYemen on 22 May 1990, with both currencies remaining legal tenderuntil 1996. The Yemeni rial has been the sole legal tender since thedeadline for exchanging currency passed on 15 August 1996.

Time series BBEX3.A.YER.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.YER.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.YER.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.YER.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.YER.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.YER.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.YER.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.YER.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.YER.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.YER.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.YER.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.YER.USD.CA.AC.A01

Zambia

Capital Lusaka

Central bank Bank of Zambia

Central bank's website http://www.boz.zm/

Currency Kwacha

ISO currency code ZMW

Subunits 100 ngwee

Currency circulation Zambia

Legacy currency Kwacha

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

ZMK

Conversion rate 1,000 kwacha (old) = 1 kwacha (new); with effect from 1 January 2013

Currency history April 1957: Introduction of the Rhodesian pound; conversion rate: 1Southern Rhodesian pound = 1 Rhodesian pound 16 November 1964: Introduction of the Zambian pound; conversionrate: 1 Rhodesian pound = 1 Zambian pound 16 January 1968: Introduction of the kwacha (ZMK); conversion rate:1 Zambian pound = 2 kwacha 1 January 2013: Introduction of the new kwacha (ZMW); conversionrate: 1,000 kwacha (old) = 1 kwacha (new)

IMF membership Since 23 September 1965

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

19 April 2002

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

7 March 1966 - 8 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar 9 July 1976 - 5 July 1983: Pegged to the SDR 6 July 1983 - 3 October 1985: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 4 October 1985 - 3 May 1987: Independently floating 4 May 1987 - 8 November 1988: Pegged to the US dollar 9 November 1988 - 18 February 1990: Pegged to the SDR 19 February 1990 - 6 December 1992: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 7 December 1992 - 29 June 2001: Independently floating Since 30 June 2001: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)

Comment Up to 31 July 1953 Northern Rhodesia; from 1 August 1953 part ofthe Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland; from 1 January 1964Northern Rhodesia. On 24 October 1964, Northern Rhodesia becameindependent and was renamed Zambia.

Time series BBEX3.A.ZMW.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ZMW.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ZMW.EUR.CA.AC.A04

BBEX3.A.ZMW.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ZMW.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ZMW.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.ZMW.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ZMW.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ZMW.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ZMW.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ZMW.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ZMW.USD.CA.AC.A01

Zimbabwe (until 1980: Rhodesia)

Capital Harare

Central bank Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe

Central bank's website http://www.rbz.co.zw

Currency Zimbabwe dollar

ISO currency code ZWL

Subunits 100 cents

Currency circulation Zimbabwe

Legacy currency US dollar

Legacy currency's ISO currencycode

USD

Currency history 2 May 1980: Introduction of the Zimbabwe dollar (ZWD); conversionrate: 1 Rhodesian dollar = 1 Zimbabwe dollar 1 August 2006: Introduction of the new Zimbabwe dollar (ZWD);conversion rate: 1,000 Zimbabwe dollar (old) = 1 Zimbabwe dollar(new) 1 August 2008: Introduction of the new Zimbabwe dollar (ZWR);conversion rate: 10,000,000,000 Zimbabwe dollar (old) = 1 Zimbabwedollar (new) 2 February 2009: Introduction of the new Zimbabwe dollar (ZWL);conversion rate: 1,000,000,000,000 Zimbabwe dollar (old) = 1Zimbabwe dollar (new) 15 June - 30 September 2015: Demonetisation of the Zimbabwedollar (ZWL) 1 October 2015: The currencies comprising the multi-currency systemin use alongside the Zimbabwe dollar since 2 February 2009 (theUS dollar, the rand, the euro, the pound sterling, and expanded inJanuary 2014 to include the yen, the Chinese yuan renminbi, theIndian rupee and the Australian dollar) assumed the role of officiallegal tender, with the US dollar as the principal currency. End-November 2016: Bond notes were additionally brought intocirculation. 20 February 2019: The RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement) dollarwas declared legal tender. 24 June 2019: Reintroduction of the Zimbabwe dollar as the onlylegal tender; simultaneous ban on the use of foreign currencies.

IMF membership Since 29 September 1980

Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)

5 February 1995

Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)

29 September 1980 - 1 July 1994: Pegged to a currency basket 2 July 1994 - 30 March 1999: Independently floating 31 March 1999 - 31 July 2000: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement

1 August 2000 - 29 June 2001: Crawling peg (moving central ratewithout a band) 30 June 2001 - 30 January 2004: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 31 January 2004 - 24 January 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 25 January 2006 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 31 December 2009: Other managed arrangement 1 January 2010 - 30 October 2016: No separate legal tender 31 October 2016 - 19 February 2019: Other managed arrangement Since 20 February 2019: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)

Time series BBEX3.A.ZWL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ZWL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.ZWL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ZWL.USD.CA.AC.A01