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Last pre-war days: The final straw(s). Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857). Had been slave in MO Moved with owner to IL & WI (free states) Lived there 4 years They returned to MO. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857). Owner died in MO Inherited? Sued to officially receive freedom. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Last pre-war days:
The final straw(s)
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
• Had been slave in MO
• Moved with owner to IL & WI (free states)– Lived there 4 years
• They returned to MO
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
• Owner died in MO
• Inherited?
• Sued to officially receive freedom
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
• CJ/SC Roger Taney ruled:– Slaves didn’t
have rights of citizens
– Case couldn’t be heard in a slave state court
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
• CJ/SC Roger Taney ruled:– MO Comp (1820)
unconstitutional– If owner moves
to “free state”, can’t be forced to give up property
Reaction to Dred Scott
• Taney thought he was settling slavery issue
• President James Buchanan:– To their decision, in common with
all good citizens, I shall cheerfully submit… (A)ll agree that under the Constitution slavery in the States is beyond the reach of any human power except that of the respective States themselves
1857 – Lecompton Const
• Proslavery Kansans had won original vote to set up state gov
• 1857 – state gov asked Congress to admit KS as a slave state
1857 – Lecompton Const
• Abolitionists asked for a referendum on slavery–90% of people in Kansas against slavery by then
• State gov refused referendum (they knew they’d lose)
1857 – Lecompton Const
• Pres Buchanan (D) backed Lecompton government–He owed the south for his election
• Stephen Douglas (also D) disagreed – popular sovereignty–He didn’t care who won, just wanted them to vote
1858 – Lincoln vs. Douglas
• Race for Senate from IL• Stephen Douglas (D)
–Incumbent Senator
• Abraham Lincoln (R)–Unknown lawyer
1858 – Lincoln vs. Douglas
• Lincoln challenged Douglas to 7 debates all over IL
–Many people came to watch them
Douglas’s argument
• Popular sovereignty in territories was important
• Slavery might die out on its own
• Slavery not immoral, just backward and unnecessary in plains states
Lincoln’s argument
• Slavery is immoral – based on greed
• Popular sovereignty not enough –must pass laws to limit slavery
Freeport doctrine• Lincoln trying to say popular sovereignty wouldn’t work–Asked what if settlers of a territory vote down slavery• Dred Scott decision said you couldn’t ban slavery
Freeport doctrine• Douglas replied that if local cops didn’t enforce slave laws
• It didn’t matter what the law was, b/c locals determine what laws would be enforced
1858 – Lincoln vs. Douglas
• Douglas won Senate seat
• BUT: –people began to notice Lincoln
1859 – Harper’s Ferry, VA
• John Brown led 21 abolitionists
• Raided US arsenal for weapons
• Planning massive slave revolts
1859 – Harper’s Ferry, VA
• Took 60 wealthy locals hostage–Hoped their
slaves would revolt
–They didn’t
1859 – Harper’s Ferry, VA
• Finally captured by US Marines
• Brown convicted of treason, sentenced to die by hanging
Reaction to John Brown
• In north:–Martyr for freedom
• In south:–Mobs attacked people suspected to be abolitionists
–Secession talk increased
1860 Republican convention
• William Seward expected to be the nominee–Strong abolitionist–Gov of NY – very powerful–Made lots of political enemies
1860 Republican convention
• Abraham Lincoln–More moderate about slavery• Said he didn’t intend to interfere with southern slavery
–Unknown, so few enemies
• Republicans selected Lincoln
1860 Democrats• North & south couldn’t agree on one candidate
• North – Stephen Douglas (IL)
• South – John Breckenridge (KY)
Constitutional Union Party
• Minor party for this election
• Moderates from across the country
• Ignored the issue of slavery
• Just wanted to keep US together
1860 electionAbraham Lincoln (R, IL) – Stephen
Douglas (D, IL)
John Breckenridge (SD, KY) – John Bell (CU, TN)
Secession• Lincoln’s election scared the
south–Feared north would oppress
them
• South Carolina seceded first–December 20, 1860
• 2½ months before Lincoln inaugurated
Secession• MS was next to secede• Then FL, AL, GA, LA & TX
• Other southern states didn’t secede until after war started
The states of the CSA
• Only 11 states ended up seceding
• 4 slave states didn’t secede at all–MO, KY, MD, DE–All had very few slaves–Economic ties to northern
states–Lincoln promised US wouldn’t
free slaves in states that remained loyal
Legal issues• Secession decision based on:–USA compact between states,
not government above the states
–States can leave peacefully–States’ rights must be
guaranteed
Previously threatened secessions
• Northerners:–Hartford Convention (1814-15)
• Southerners:–Debate over slavery (1790)–Missouri crisis (1820)–Nullification crisis (1832)–California crisis (1850)
Confederate States of America
• Formed Feb 1861• Copied US Constitution, but:–Protected states’ rights–Guaranteed slavery–Referenced God–Prohibited protective tariffs
Jefferson Davis• President of
the Confederate States of America
• Was US Senator from Mississippi