La

st C

lass

!

Sum

mar

y an

d T

houg

hts

-Rah

ul T

ongi

a

2

Seve

n S

tage

s o

f T

4G

D

1.C

urio

sity

2.Sh

ock

3.D

epre

ssio

n

4.C

onfu

sion

5.B

arga

inin

g

6.A

ccep

tanc

e

7.M

otiv

atio

n

−H

ow d

oes t

echn

olog

y im

pact

dev

elop

men

t?

−Th

is w

orld

is in

bad

shap

e

−Th

e ro

ad a

head

is lo

ng a

nd p

ainf

ul

−W

hat c

an w

e do

?

−(P

roje

cts)

−I c

an�t

solv

e al

l the

wor

ld�s

pro

blem

s

−I w

ill tr

y an

d le

arn

mor

e, a

nd h

ere�

s a li

ttle

star

t

3

Wh

ere

did

(d

oes

) T

ech

no

logy

Fit

In

?!

Incr

emen

tal c

hang

es w

ithin

pro

cess

es!

Cha

nges

to p

roce

sses

with

in e

cono

my

(e.g

., Se

rvic

es/K

now

ledg

e Ec

onom

y)o

Stru

ctur

al sh

ifts

!In

fras

truct

ure

build

out

!IC

To

Larg

e in

vest

men

ts a

nd g

row

th

4Nex

t G

ener

atio

n:

“Fu

nd

amen

tal”

bre

akth

rou

ghs

!G

enom

ics

!N

anot

echn

olog

y!

Arti

ficia

l Int

ellig

ence

!O

ptic

al C

ompu

ting

!Q

uant

um C

ompu

ting

!En

ergy

oSo

lar,

Fusi

on, C

arbo

n/H

ydro

gen,

Sup

erco

nduc

tivity

!??

?

5

Fu

ture

(O

pti

on

al)

read

ing

o�A

s the

Fut

ure

Cat

ches

You

��

Juan

Enr

ique

z �

New

indu

strie

s bas

ed o

n kn

owle

dge

�W

orth

Bill

ions

but

onl

y a

hand

ful o

f new

jobs

o�F

acto

r Fou

r: D

oubl

ing

Wea

lth, H

alvi

ng R

esou

rce

Use

�-

Erns

t von

Wei

zsäc

ker,

Am

ory

Lovi

ns, a

nd H

unte

r Lov

ins

�H

ow to

be

sust

aina

ble

oPo

wer

shift

, Thi

rd W

ave,

and

oth

ers b

y A

lvin

& H

eidi

Tof

fler

�W

hat i

s fun

dam

enta

lly d

iffer

ent a

bout

kno

wle

dge

econ

omie

s fro

m

tradi

tiona

l one

so

Of c

ours

e, th

e us

ual s

uspe

cts (

Lots

of M

ultil

ater

al A

genc

y da

ta)

�W

orld

Dev

elop

men

t Rep

ort (

WB

)�

Hum

an D

evel

opm

ent R

epor

t (U

N),

etc.

6

Oth

er I

mp

ort

ant

Are

as

(Not

cov

ered

in d

epth

in th

e cl

ass)

!G

ende

r iss

ues

!e-

Gov

erna

nce

!Te

chno

logy

det

ails

as a

pplic

able

to

deve

lopi

ng re

gion

so

Secu

rity

oPr

ivac

yo

Etc.

7

Imp

ort

ance

of

Fie

ld

Wo

rk!

Theo

ry v

s. Pr

actic

eo

�In t

heo

ry t

her

e is

no d

iffe

rence

bet

wee

n

theo

ry a

nd p

ract

ice.

But,

in p

ract

ice,

ther

e is

��

Jan

L.A

. van

de

Snep

sche

ut!

Rem

embe

r Car

los B

raga

�s 4

Les

sons

:o

Elvi

so

Eins

tein

/Bee

thov

eno

Mot

her T

eres

ao

Sex�

o(O

nly

mak

es se

nse

if yo

u he

ar th

e st

ory!

)

8

Sch

ola

rly

Wo

rk!

Earli

er, w

as se

gmen

ted

by d

omai

no

Dev

elop

men

tal E

cono

mic

so

Ener

gy, H

ealth

care

, etc

.o

IT!

New

ly e

mer

ging

fiel

d of

ICT

and

Dev

elop

men

to

Nas

cent

oM

any

�eve

nts�

are

not r

igor

ous

�La

ck o

f met

rics i

s a se

rious

cha

lleng

e�

ICTD

2006

we

co-o

rgan

ized

is a

n at

tem

pt; I

CTD

2007

�W

WW

2006

now

has

an

emer

ging

regi

ons t

rack

oA

few

jour

nals

are

ther

e (e

.g.,

ITID

, Jrn

l. of

C

omm

unity

Info

rmat

ics,

etc.

)

9Less

on

s w

e’ve

(I’

ve)

lear

ned

d

oin

g re

sear

ch a

nd

tea

chin

g in

th

is s

pac

e!

The

field

has

mat

ured

sign

ifica

ntly

oM

ore

inte

ract

ion

acro

ss d

omai

ns�

Still

not

eno

ugh

oSt

uden

ts a

nd a

re m

ore

soph

istic

ated

(and

de

man

ding

) in

thei

r que

stio

ns a

nd le

arni

ng p

roce

ss!

Ther

e is

a b

it of

a c

yclic

nat

ure

to �

hot�

topi

cs!

Diff

eren

t ski

lls a

re m

ore

impo

rtant

at d

iffer

ent

stag

es o

f a p

roje

cto

The

early

stag

e of

rela

tions

hip-

build

ing

take

s a

LOT

long

er th

an w

e�d

thin

k�

E.g.

, tru

e of

our

spee

ch a

nd h

ealth

care

pro

ject

in

Paki

stan

10

Qu

esti

on

s fr

om

IC

TD

E

xp

erie

nce

s (T

on

gia

, et

al 2

00

6 –

ICT

D2

00

6)

1.W

ho a

re th

e st

akeh

olde

rs, a

nd w

hat a

re th

eir n

eeds

?a.

Are

all

stak

ehol

ders

con

side

red?

b.A

re m

etric

s for

prio

r sta

te (b

asel

ine)

ava

ilabl

e?

2.D

oes t

he te

chno

logy

per

form

wel

l for

the

need

s?a.

Is th

e C

ost �

Ben

efit

(or o

ther

app

ropr

iate

) Ana

lysi

s fav

orab

le

(inco

rpor

atin

g lif

ecyc

le, n

on-m

onet

ized

fact

ors,

etc.

)?b.

Are

ther

e un

inte

nded

con

sequ

ence

s, po

sitiv

e or

neg

ativ

e?c.

How

is th

e pr

ice-

perf

orm

ance

or c

ost e

ffect

iven

ess?

d.Is

the

solu

tion

optim

ized

(ofte

n an

iter

ativ

e pr

oces

s or e

volv

ing)

?

3.D

o st

akeh

olde

r inc

entiv

esal

ign?

a.M

anag

emen

t of v

aryi

ng a

nd o

ften

conf

lictin

g st

akeh

olde

rs a

nd/o

r goa

lsb.

Dev

elop

men

t of t

he re

quire

d ec

osys

tem

c.W

ho �

owns

�th

e pr

ojec

t or p

roce

ss (r

espo

nsib

ility

)?d.

Is th

ere

a �c

ham

pion

�dr

ivin

g th

e pr

oces

s (op

tiona

l)?

11

ICT

D D

esig

n (

Co

nt.

)

4.Ar

e th

ere

mec

hani

sms f

or fe

edba

ck o

r par

ticip

atio

nby

all

stak

ehol

ders

?a.

Des

ign

stag

eb.

Dep

loym

ent s

tage

c.D

iffus

ion

stat

e

5.Ar

e m

etri

csav

aila

ble

for m

easu

ring

succ

ess a

cros

s st

akeh

olde

rs?

a.W

ho m

easu

res �

self,

des

igna

ted

stak

ehol

der,

or th

ird p

arty

?b.

Are

ass

umpt

ions

and

met

hodo

logi

es tr

ansp

aren

t?

c.W

hat e

lse

has o

r can

be

done

(alte

rnat

ives

and

opp

ortu

nity

cos

ts)?

H

ave

less

ons b

een

lear

ned

from

prio

r exp

erie

nces

?

Met

rics

Perf

orm

ance

(dua

l)

12

ICT

D D

esig

n (

con

t.)

6.Is

the

solu

tion

sust

aina

ble?

a.Su

pplie

r sid

e �

prof

itabl

eb.

Con

sum

er si

de �

affo

rdab

lec.

Con

cern

sa.

If su

bsid

ies a

re re

quire

d, w

ill th

ey b

e av

aila

ble

cont

inua

lly?

b.Is

this

via

ble

only

in so

me

sele

ct c

ases

(che

rry-

pick

ing)

?

7.Is

the

solu

tion

scal

able

?a.

Can

it g

row

bey

ond

a pi

lot?

b.

Will

it w

ork

in o

ther

regi

ons o

r cul

ture

s?c.

Will

eco

nom

ic su

stai

nabi

lity

rem

ain

with

scal

ing?

8.Is

the

solu

tion

acce

ptab

le?

a.D

ispl

acem

ent o

f ves

ted

inte

rest

s �is

sues

of p

oliti

cal e

cono

my

b.C

ultu

rally

acc

epta

ble?

c.Tr

ustw

orth

y?d.

Empo

wer

ing?

e.

Will

peo

ple

use

it of

thei

r fre

e w

ill?

13

Succ

ess

Sto

ry:

Afr

ican

Riv

er B

lin

dn

ess

!B

lack

fly

used

to m

ake

Afr

ican

Riv

er

Blin

dnes

s end

emic

to m

uch

of W

est A

fric

a!

Use

d hy

drol

ogic

sens

ors,

sate

llite

imag

ery,

an

d fo

reca

stin

g so

ftwar

e to

hel

p er

adic

ate

the

blac

k fly

!O

ptim

ized

inse

ctic

ide

spra

ying

pro

tect

s 30

,000

,000

peo

ple,

and

free

s up

100,

000

squa

re m

iles o

f lan

d

Th

ings

to

rem

emb

er…

Prof

. Jay

Aro

nson

15

Stat

e o

f th

e W

orl

d

!3

big

prob

lem

s (am

ong

man

y ot

hers

): o

Dea

dly

Tria

d: H

IV/A

IDS;

Mal

aria

; Tub

ercu

losi

so

Urb

aniz

atio

no

Econ

omic

gro

wth

alo

ne d

oes n

ot le

ad to

hum

an

deve

lopm

ent (

mus

t be

part

of in

tegr

ated

pub

lic-

priv

ate-

NG

O st

rate

gy)

!A

lway

s be

skep

tical

of s

tatis

tics�

don�

t jus

t lo

ok a

t the

m, l

ook

at h

ow th

ey a

re c

reat

ed

16

Po

vert

y

!N

eed

to m

ove

beyo

nd �

us a

nd th

em�

men

talit

y!

To u

nder

stan

d po

verty

, you

nee

d to

ex

perie

nce

it at

a p

erso

nal l

evel

for a

t lea

st a

sh

ort t

ime

!R

emem

ber h

igh

cost

of b

eing

poo

r

17

Cu

ltu

re!

All

soci

etie

s are

gra

nula

ro

get t

o kn

ow so

ciet

ies i

n al

l of t

heir

richn

ess a

nd

com

plex

ity!

Impo

rtanc

e of

cul

tura

l hyb

rids/

cultu

ral t

rans

lato

rso

you

won

�t ge

t ver

y fa

r with

out t

hem

!N

eed

to id

entif

y an

d bu

ild so

cial

cap

ital

!A

sk p

eopl

e w

hat t

heir

goal

s and

asp

iratio

ns a

reo

don�

t ass

ume

them

to b

e ju

st li

ke y

ours

18

Dev

elo

pm

ent

!D

evel

opm

ent m

eans

diff

eren

t thi

ngs t

o di

ffer

ent p

eopl

e!

Dev

elop

men

t has

a h

isto

ry a

nd is

pol

itica

l!

Don

�t im

pose

an

idea

lized

Ang

lo-A

mer

ican

m

odel

of d

evel

opm

ent o

n re

st o

f wor

ld!

Priv

atiz

atio

n is

the

not t

he h

oly

grai

l and

it

does

n�t n

eces

saril

y le

ad to

com

petit

ion

!N

o m

onoc

ausa

l sol

utio

ns fo

r dev

elop

men

t

19

Eco

no

mic

s

!M

arke

ts a

re m

eant

to b

e ef

ficie

nt, n

ot

equi

tabl

e!

Mar

kets

requ

ire e

qual

acc

ess t

o in

form

atio

n to

wor

k pr

oper

lyo

Gen

eral

ly n

ot th

e ca

se in

the

deve

lopi

ng w

orld

, bu

t tec

hnol

ogy

can

help

!B

OP

deba

te

20

Wo

rkin

g in

th

e co

mm

un

ity

!H

umili

ty a

nd R

espe

ct w

ill g

et y

ou fa

r!

You

and

you

r pro

ject

shou

ld b

e:

oFL

EXIB

LEo

ITER

ATI

VE

!Y

ou m

ust e

ngag

e w

ith th

e co

mm

unity

in

orde

r to

succ

eed!

oH

opef

ully

in a

col

labo

rativ

e or

col

legi

al w

ay!

Form

ing

stro

ng lo

cal p

artn

ersh

ips i

s key

21

Par

tici

pat

ory

D

evel

op

men

t!

Nee

ds a

sses

smen

t!

Mon

itorin

g an

d Ev

alua

tion

!C

apac

ity B

uild

ing

!D

esig

n

22

Tec

hn

olo

gy

!D

on�t

settl

e fo

r old

, out

-dat

ed te

chno

logy

!!

Tech

nolo

gy h

as to

wor

k w

ell i

n or

der t

o be

su

cces

sful

and

cha

nge

lives

!o

Rem

embe

r: �g

arba

ge in

, gar

bage

out

�!

Bui

ld p

roto

type

s and

solic

it fe

edba

ck!

BE

CR

EATI

VE!

!!

23

Tec

hn

olo

gica

l Sy

stem

s

!Te

chno

logi

es a

re sy

stem

s of h

uman

, soc

ial,

polit

ical

, cul

tura

l and

tech

nica

l ele

men

ts!

�Dro

ppin

g in

�a

blac

k-bo

x do

esn�

t wor

k!

Tech

nolo

gies

don

�t us

ually

tric

kle

dow

no

they

mus

t be

spec

ifica

lly d

esig

ned

(or t

wea

ked

in c

reat

ive

way

s) to

hav

e an

impa

ct in

de

velo

ping

com

mun

ities

24

Gen

eral

les

son

s

!W

hen

som

ethi

ng is

des

crib

ed a

s �fr

ee�

or

low

-cos

t don

�t fo

rget

to re

ad th

e fin

e pr

int

oTh

ere

are

ofte

n hi

dden

or f

utur

e ch

arge

s in

clud

ed th

at w

ill n

egat

ivel

y im

pact

su

stai

nabi

lity

of so

lutio

no

Rem

embe

r to

calc

ulat

e lif

e-cy

cle

cost

s, in

clud

ing

mai

nten

ance

and

upd

ates

!O

ther

s?

Ad

dit

ion

al W

eb

Res

ou

rces

~(O

r:

Th

ing

s I

wo

uld

lik

e to

rea

d i

f I

ha

d

mu

ch m

uch

mo

re t

ime

…p

rese

nte

d i

n n

o p

art

icu

lar

ord

er)

Prof

esso

r Jo

e M

ertz

26

IDR

C

!In

tern

atio

nal D

evel

opm

ent R

esea

rch

Cen

treo

A pu

blic

cor

pora

tion

crea

ted

by th

e Pa

rlia

men

t of

Can

ada

in 1

970

to h

elp

deve

lopi

ng c

ount

ries

us

e sc

ienc

e an

d te

chno

logy

to fi

nd p

ract

ical

, lo

ng-te

rm so

lutio

ns to

the

soci

al, e

cono

mic

, and

en

viro

nmen

tal p

robl

ems t

hey

face

.!

http

://w

ww

.idrc

.ca/

!In

clud

es fr

ee b

ooks

and

repo

rts o

nlin

e

27

I4D

!Th

e i4

d (I

nfor

mat

ion

For D

evel

opm

ent)

prin

t m

agaz

ine

�fo

r exc

hang

e of

info

rmat

ion,

id

eas,

opin

ions

and

exp

erie

nces

, bot

h in

side

an

d ou

tsid

e th

e In

form

atio

n an

d C

omm

unic

atio

n Te

chno

logy

for D

evel

opm

ent

(IC

T4D

) sec

tor.

!ht

tp://

i4do

nlin

e.ne

t/

28

Wo

rld

Ban

k -

Po

vert

yN

et!

Pove

rtyN

et p

rovi

des a

n in

trod

uctio

n to

key

is

sues

as w

ell a

s in-

dept

h in

form

atio

n on

po

vert

y m

easu

rem

ent,

mon

itori

ng, a

naly

sis,

and

on p

over

ty re

duct

ion

stra

tegi

es fo

r re

sear

cher

s and

pra

ctiti

oner

s.!

http

://w

ww

.wor

ldba

nk.o

rg/p

over

ty/

!A

nd a

nd W

orld

Ban

k si

te m

ore

gene

rally

�

29

Info

Dev

!in

foD

ev w

orks

to p

rom

ote

bette

r und

erst

andi

ng a

nd e

ffect

ive

use

of in

form

atio

n an

d co

mm

unic

atio

n te

chno

logi

es (I

CTs

) as

tool

s of p

over

ty re

duct

ion

and

broa

d-ba

sed,

sust

aina

ble

deve

lopm

ent.

!(a

noth

er W

orld

Ban

k si

te)

!ht

tp://

ww

w.in

fode

v.or

g/

!m

-Ban

king

, Edu

catio

n, F

OSS

, low

-cos

t dev

ices

�

30

Th

e St

ock

ho

lm

Ch

alle

nge

!Th

e St

ockh

olm

Cha

lleng

e br

ings

toge

ther

in

spir

ing

peop

le w

orki

ng w

ith IC

T fr

om

arou

nd w

orld

in th

e si

x ca

tego

ries

of t

he

Awar

d.!

http

://st

ockh

olm

chal

leng

e.se

/

31

E.g

.so

me

20

07

Fin

alis

tsEc

onom

ic D

evel

opm

ent:

!En

ablin

g fin

anci

al in

clus

ion

and

incr

easi

ng e

ffic

ienc

y of

Se

lf H

elp

Gro

ups M

icro

cred

it Fe

dera

tions

!K

hmer

OS

-FO

SS fo

r Cam

bodi

aEd

ucat

ion:

!TO

PIC

64 -

Nat

iona

l net

wor

k of

E-le

arni

ng c

ente

rs in

64

prov

ince

s of V

ietn

am

Publ

ic A

dmin

istra

tion:

!Th

e et

uktu

k pr

ojec

t -ro

ving

tele

cent

re/ra

dio

stat

ion

via

3 w

heel

ed a

uto-

ricks

haw

.

32

SID

A

!Sw

edis

h In

tern

atio

nal D

evel

opm

ent

Coo

pera

tion

Age

ncy

!M

anag

es 6

0% o

f Sw

eden

�s d

evel

opm

ent

aide

.!

http

://w

ww

.sida

.se/s

ida/

jsp/

sida

.jsp?

d=12

1&la

ngua

ge=e

n_U

S

33

Eld

is I

CT

fo

r D

evel

op

men

t R

eso

urc

e G

uid

e

!El

dis i

s one

of a

fam

ily o

f kno

wle

dge

serv

ices

pr

ovid

ed b

y th

e In

stitu

te o

f Dev

elop

men

t St

udie

s, Su

ssex

!ht

tp://

ww

w.e

ldis

.org

/ict/

34

AP

C A

fric

a IC

T P

oli

cy

Mo

nit

or

!(A

ssoc

iatio

n fo

r Pro

gres

sive

C

omm

unic

atio

ns)

!M

obili

zing

Afr

ican

civ

il so

ciet

y ar

ound

the

impo

rtanc

e of

ICT

polic

y fo

r dev

elop

men

t of

the

cont

inen

t.!

http

://af

rica.

right

s.apc

.org

/

35

Dev

elo

pm

ent

Gat

eway

.org

!A

beh

emot

h si

te o

f dev

elop

men

t inf

orm

atio

n!

Incl

udes

aIn

form

atio

n an

d C

omm

unic

atio

n Te

chno

logi

es fo

r Dev

elop

men

t dg

Com

mun

ity!

RSS

feed

!ht

tp://

ww

w.d

evel

opm

entg

atew

ay.o

rg/ic

t

36

Ben

etec

h

!U

ses a

bus

ines

s sta

rt-up

mod

el to

get

di

ssem

inat

e te

chno

logy

inno

vatio

nsto

serv

e hu

man

ity

!ht

tp://

ww

w.b

enet

ech.

org/

!Th

ey a

re h

iring

.

37

Fu

nd

able

!N

ot a

n IC

TD si

te, b

ut a

way

to p

ullf

inan

cial

dono

rs /

inve

stor

s tog

ethe

r for

pro

ject

s!

E.g.

Sup

port

Tara

& A

aron

vol

unte

erin

g in

Ta

nzan

ia (j

ust o

ne c

ase

I fou

nd)

!ht

tp://

ww

w.fu

ndab

le.c

om/

38

Dev

Net

Job

s.o

rg

!Jo

bs &

Con

sulta

ncie

s in

Inte

rnat

iona

l D

evel

opm

ent,

NG

O &

Env

ironm

ent S

ecto

r!

http

://w

ww

.dev

netjo

bs.o

rg/

!C

rum

my

UI,

lots

of j

obs.

39

Idea

list

.org

!A

ctio

n w

ithou

t boa

rder

s!

Job

post

ings

of n

onpr

ofit

orga

niza

tions

do

mes

tical

ly a

nd N

GO

s int

erna

tiona

lly!

Als

o vo

lunt

eer a

nd in

tern

ship

opp

ortu

nitie

s.!

http

://id

ealis

t.org

Wh

at

Co

mes

Nex

t?

M. B

erna

rdin

e D

ias

41

Wh

ile

yo

u a

re a

st

ud

ent…

!Ta

ke o

ther

rele

vant

cou

rses

(V

Uni

t and

TC

inC

for e

xam

ple

�w

e w

ill c

ompi

le a

list

of

rele

vant

cou

rses

and

mak

e th

em a

vaila

ble

onlin

e)

!D

o a

rela

ted

inte

rnsh

ip

(TC

inG

C fo

r exa

mpl

e �

we

may

als

o be

abl

e to

hel

p yo

u ge

t an

inte

rnsh

ip w

ith g

roup

s suc

h as

MSR

I)

!En

gage

in sc

hola

rly w

ork

on re

late

d to

pics

!Pa

rtici

pate

in re

leva

nt c

onfe

renc

es a

nd p

ublis

h yo

ur w

ork

!A

ttend

rele

vant

sem

inar

s and

eve

nts

42

If y

ou

jo

in t

he

bu

sin

ess

wo

rld

…!

Look

for (

and

crea

te) o

ppor

tuni

ties t

o w

ork

on

rele

vant

topi

cs!

Thin

k ab

out h

ow y

our p

rodu

cts/

serv

ices

can

m

ake

a di

ffer

ence

in d

evel

opin

g co

mm

uniti

es!

Enco

urag

e yo

ur c

ompa

ny to

be

soci

ally

re

spon

sibl

e!

Enco

urag

e yo

ur c

ompa

ny to

spon

sor r

elev

ant

rese

arch

and

inte

rnsh

ips

43

Som

e re

leva

nt

com

pan

ies…

!M

icro

soft

!H

ewle

tt-Pa

ckar

d!

Inte

l!

Goo

gle

!Sy

nerg

o!

Arr

ow N

etw

ork

Syst

ems,

Ltd.

!

K-N

FB R

eadi

ng

Tech

nolo

gy, I

nc.

!Sh

ell

!B

enet

ech

!D

EKA

!El

etra

!U

nile

ver

!Su

mito

mo

Che

mic

al

Com

pany

, Ltd

.!

Poin

tCar

eTe

chno

logi

es, I

nc.

44

Oth

er o

pp

ort

un

itie

s…

!Jo

in th

e U

N o

r the

Wor

ld B

ank

!B

ecom

e a

soci

al e

ntre

pren

eur

!Jo

in a

NG

O/n

ot-f

or-p

rofit

!So

me

spec

ific

poss

ibili

ties:

�G

eekc

orps

�En

gine

ers W

ithou

t Bor

ders

�Pe

ace

Cor

ps�

Ass

ocia

tes f

or C

hang

e�

Prac

tical

Act

ion

45

No

mat

ter

wh

at y

ou

d

o…

!St

ay in

form

ed!

Rai

se a

war

enes

s!

Kee

p in

touc

h an

d lo

ok fo

r opp

ortu

nitie

s to

colla

bora

te w

ith u

s ☺!

Enco

urag

e ot

hers

to th

ink

abou

t the

se to

pics

!V

olun

teer

for T

echB

ridge

Wor

ld�

!Tr

avel

to d

evel

opin

g co

mm

uniti

es!

Rem

embe

r tha

t you

can

mak

e a

diff

eren

ce in

m

any

way

s�

46

Th

ings

we

can

do

fo

r yo

u!

Rec

omm

enda

tions

!A

dvic

e an

d gu

idan

ce o

n re

leva

nt to

pics

, re

sear

ch, a

nd c

aree

rs!

Hel

p pr

ovid

e re

leva

nt c

onta

cts a

nd

oppo

rtuni

ties

!M

aint

ain

an u

pdat

ed li

st o

f res

ourc

es th

roug

h Te

chB

ridge

Wor

ldw

ww

.tech

brid

gew

orld

.org