Lena Ioannou

Companion

Laserpre-FCE

UNIT 1 1

1 Family Ties

1.1 familyties(phr) \Æfœmli ÆtaIz\

bonds among the members of a familyTheir family ties are very strong and they always stand by each other in difficult situations.

Reading 1.2 ittakesallsorts(exp) \It ÆteIks O…l

ÆsO…ts\ it requires/calls for all kinds of peopleIt takes all sorts to make a team for a successful reality show.

1.3 come(v)\køm\

exist, be found This new car model comes only with a 2000 lt engine.

1.4 inallshapesandsizes(exp) \In ÆO…l SeIps ´n

ÆsaIzIz\

in all possible forms The department store downtown has got a big variety of coffee tables in all shapes and sizes.

1.5 roving(adj) \Ær´UvIN\

wandering, sb who travels aroundThe roving reporter for National Geographic is in Madison County taking pictures of the covered bridges there.l rove(v)

1.6 onlychild(phr) \Æ´Unli ÆtSaIld\

to have no brothers or sistersMy mother was an only child and that’s the reason I have no aunts or uncles from her side of the family.

1.7 fromonepointofview(phr) \fr´m Æwøn pOInt ´v

Ævju…\

on the one handAnne is an interesting person from one point of view; but there are times when I find her very annoying.

1.8 spoilt(adj) \spOIlt\a spoilt child is greedy and demanding and always wants everything done his/her wayWhat a spoilt boy Greg is! He was very loud in the toy shop because his mother wouldn’t buy him an expensive remote-controlled car!

l spoil(v)

1.9 lonely(adj) \Æl´Unli\

when you’re sad because you feel you’re all aloneSarah hasn’t made any friends at the new school yet and she feels very lonely.

l loneliness(n)

1.10 keepintouchwith(exp) \Æki…p In ÆtøtS wID, wIT\maintain contact withDave has kept in touch with almost all his old school friends.

1.11 divorced(adj) \dIÆvO…st\

someone is divorced when his/her marriage has legally endedKelly used to be married; she’s been divorced for over three years.

ldivorce(v), getadivorce(phr)

1.12 remarry(v) \ri…Æmœri\

marry/get married againFive years after her husband’s death, Donna remarried.

1.13 geton(well)withsb(phr v) \Æget Ån Æwel\have a good, friendly relationship with someoneHarry gets on well with all the other children in the kindergarten.

1.14 step-brother,step-sister(n) \Æstep

ÆbrøD´, Æstep ÆsIst´\

brothers and sisters who don’t share the same biological parents but whose parents (eg the father from one side and the mother from the other) have got marriedI get on well with my step-sister because we’re the same age.

1.15 careabout(phr v) \Æke´r ´ÆbaUt\

be concerned aboutIt seems he doesn’t care about his old friends; he hasn’t written to anybody since he went to England.

1.16 adopt(v) \´ÆdÅpt\

become a child’s legal parentSince they can’t have any children, Tom and Jane decided to adopt a little boy.

ladopted(adj), adoption(n)

Family Ties

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1 Family Ties

1.17 loving(adj) \ÆløvIN\

caring, affectionateThey know how to be loving parents without spoiling their children.

l lovingly(adv)

1.18 treat(v) \tri…t\behave towardsEven when Mike disagrees with his father, he’s never rude and always treats him with respect.

1.19 half-brother(n) \ÆhA…f ÆbrøD´\

if you have a half-brother or sister, it means that you share one biological parent, eg you have the same father but different mothers I was an only child but my dad married again and now I have a little half-brother.

1.20 peaceandquiet(phr) \Æpi…s ´n ÆkwaI´t\

Georgia can’t have any peace and quiet in the house around her younger brothers and sisters.

Grammar clinic1.21 makea/nodifference(phr) \ÆmeIk ´

ÆdIfr´ns\have some or no effect on a situationIt makes no difference whether you like it or not; you have to do as the doctor said.

Vocabulary builder1.22 selfish(adj) \

ÆselfIS\

someone who is selfish cares only about themselves ‘You’re so selfish,’ Rachel said to her brother; ‘We always watch what you want on TV.’

l selfishness(n)

1.23 popular(adj) \ÆpÅpjUl´\

someone who is liked or loved by most peopleKylie Minogue is a very popular pop singer.

lpopularity(n)Opp.:unpopular(adj)

1.24 sensitive(adj) \Æsens´tIv\

when someone is sensitive they get upset very easily or their feelings are ευαίσθητος, εύθικτοςShe’s very sensitive and doesn’t like to talk about her parents’ divorce.

l sensitivity(n)

1.25 arrogant(adj) \Æœr´g´nt\

someone who is arrogant thinks he/she is better than other peopleI can’t stand him; he’s so arrogant, he thinks his way is the only way.

larrogance(n),arrogantly(adv)

1.26 pessimistic(adj) \Æpes´ÆmIstIk\

someone who is pessimistic always looks at the dark side of thingsHe thinks the end of the world is near; he’s very pessimistic.lpessimism(n),pessimist(n),

pessimistically(adv)

1.27 amusing(adj) \´Æmju…zIN\

someone who is amusing makes people laughThis actor is very amusing; I enjoy watching his films.

lamuse(v),amusement (n)

1.28 ambitious(adj) \œmÆbIS´s\

someone who is ambitious wants to be very successful in his/her lifeHe’s always been very ambitious and he managed to become manager in his department in only three years.

lambition (n)

1.29 considerate(adj) \k´nÆsId“´‘r´t\

someone who is considerate cares about how other people feelJane is a considerate girl; she knew her friend was sad so she took her to see a comedy at the cinema.

l consideration(n)

1.30 generous(adj) \ÆdZen´r´s\

someone who is generous likes to share what they have with other peopleI know some rich people who are very generous and give a lot of money to charity.

lgenerously (adv), generosity(n)

1.31 optimistic(adj) \ÆÅptIÆmIstIk\

someone who is optimistic looks at the bright side of thingsWhen I’m sad, I like to talk to Harry; he’s so optimistic that he always makes my day.loptimism(n), optimist (n),

optimistically(adv)

UNIT 1 �

1 Family Ties

1.32 modest(adj) \ÆmÅd´st\

someone who is modest doesn’t like to talk about himself/herself or the things he/she has accomplished in his/her lifeI didn’t know George had a PhD in psychology! He never talks about himself; he’s so modest!

lmodesty (n)

1.33 achievement(n) \´ÆtSi…vm´nt\

accomplishmentWinning this university scholarship was Kyle’s greatest achievement.

lachieve (v)

1.34 notmeanto(phr) \Æd´Unt Æmi…n t´, tU\

have no intention toI’m awfully sorry; I never meant to insult you.

1.35 kind(adj) \kaInd\well-meaning, friendly, helpfulThank you for helping me to carry the heavy shopping bags; you’re so kind.lkindly (adv), kindness (n)

Opp.:unkind (adj)

1.36 polite(adj) \p´ÆlaIt\

well-manneredJack always says ‘Please’ and ‘Thank you’; he’s very polite.lpolitely (adv), politeness (n)

Opp.:impolite(adj)

1.37 attractive(adj) \´ÆtrœktIv\

very good-lookingShe’s the most attractive woman I have ever seen.lattract(v), attraction (n)

Opp.:unattractive (adj)

1.38 fair(adj) \fe´\justThe teacher was fair and punished both students equally.

1.39 honest(adj) \ÆÅnIst\

truthfulI’m sure Susan is telling the truth; she’s quite honest, you know.lhonestly(adv), honesty (n)

Opp.:dishonest (adj)

1.40 capableof-ing(adj) \ÆkeIp´bl ´v, Åv\

able, having the ability to do sthHe’s not capable of speaking in front of the whole class; he’s very shy.

l capability(n) Opp.:incapable(adj)

1.41 beintrouble(phr) \bi In Ætrøbl\

if someone is in trouble, he/she has difficulties because he/she has done something wrongAlex is in big trouble because the teacher caught him cheating in the test.

1.42 legal(adj) \Æli…gl\

lawful, done according to the lawHis business isn’t legal that’s why the police were at his house this morning.l legally(adv)

Opp.:illegal(adj)

1.43 include(v) \InÆklu…d\

contain, to have as a partThere will be eight people at the dinner party on Saturday, you and me included.

1.44 relevant(to)(adj) \Ærel´v´nt t´, tU\

having a connection with sth, relatedI found some information relevant to your project; have a look, you may find it useful.l relevance(n)

Opp.:irrelevant(adj)

1.45 makeup(phr v) \ÆmeIk Æøp\

invent, imagineMy grandmother used to make up bedtime stories; she never remembered the same story twice.

1.46 turnup(phr v) \Æt‰…n Æøp\

arrive unexpectedly, appearWe thought she had forgotten about the meeting but she turned up at the last minute.

1.47 comeup(phr v) \Ækøm Æøp\

appear unexpectedlyWe have planned tomorrow’s surprise party very carefully; I hope nothing comes up until then.

1.48 thinkup(phr v) \ÆTINk Æøp\

They were trying to think of something smart for the product’s advertisement when suddenly Vera thought up a very clever slogan.

1.49 bringup(phr v) \ÆbrIN Æøp\

mention in a conversationRemember not to bring up his losing his job; he doesn’t like to talk about it.

1.50 cool(adj) \ku…l\calmShe is the only teacher I know that stays cool no matter how loud the students get.

� UNIT 1

1 Family Ties

1.51 icy(adj) \ÆaIsi\

cold, unfriendlyShe has such an icy attitude towards me; I feel she doesn’t like me at all.

1.52 hot-tempered(adj) \ÆhÅt Ætemp´d\

someone who is hot-tempered gets angry very easilyI can’t deal with you anymore; you’re so hot-tempered, you get annoyed at every single thing I say!

1.53 cold-hearted(adj) \Æk´Uld ÆhA…tId\

unkindI’ve never met such a cold-hearted person before; I can’t believe she doesn’t care about the problems with your family.

Listening1.54 overhear(v) \Æ´Uv´

ÆhI´\

listen to what sb is saying without him/her knowing thatI was in the next room and I overheard them having an argument.

Speaking1.55 comprehensiveschool(n) \ÆkÅmprI

ÆhensIv\

a type of state secondary school in the UKAfter primary school, I went to the local comprehensive.

1.56 eldest(adj) \Æeld´st\

the oldest of three or moreWe’re seven brothers and sisters; the eldest is twenty years old while the youngest is five.

1.57 run(ashop)(phr) \røn\to manage or be in control of (a shop, a business, etc)She works at a small bookshop but her dream is to run her own bookshop someday.

1.58 consistof(v) \k´nÆsIst ´v, Åv\

be composed ofA well-structured essay consists of three parts: the introduction, the main body and the conclusion.

Use of English1.59 chaos(n) \

ÆkeIÅs\

It is impossible to have democracy when there is economic chaos.l chaotic(adj)

1.60 depressed(adj) \dIÆprest\

extremely sad, miserableThe film was about the end of the world as we know it. I was depressed when I came out of the cinema.ldepression(n), depressing(adj)

1.61 getoutofcontrol(phr) \get ÆaUt ´v k´n

Ætr´Ul\

when something gets out of control, you have no power over it anymoreTeenagers often get out of control; they stay out late, neglect school and don’t listen to their parents.

1.62 trained(adj) \treInd\someone who is trained has received proper instructionThese language teachers are well trained and can guarantee good results in only three months.l train(v), trainer(n), training(n)

1.63 counsellor(n) \ÆkaUns“´‘l´\

adviserThey sought a marriage counsellor’s help but it didn’t help; they got a divorce in the end.l counsel(v)

1.64 operator(n) \ÆÅp´ÆreIt´\

someone who connects calls, operates a telephone switchboardIf you don’t want to be charged for the telephone call, tell the operator you want to make a collect call.loperate(v)

1.65 resemble(v) \rIÆzembl\

be like, be similar toTina resembles her father a lot; she has got his smile.l resemblance(n)

1.66 involve(v) \InÆvÅlv\

requireBeing the General Manager of a company involves a great deal of hard work.l involved(adj), involvement(n)

1.67 accusesbofsth/-ing(v) \´Ækju…z

Æsømb´di ´v ÆsømTIN\say that somebody has done something wrong/is guilty of a crimeThe young man was wrongly accused of mugging the old woman.laccusation(n)

UNIT 1 �

1 Family Ties

1.68 dealwith(v) \Ædi…l wID, wIT\

handle sthI can’t deal with rude people; they annoy me extremely.

1.69 blamesbforsth(v) \ÆbleIm Æsømb´di

f´ ÆsømTIN\hold somebody responsible for somethingShe blamed her son for breaking the vase but it was actually the dog that did it.lblame(n) (put the blame on sb)

1.70 sthis(not)one’sfault(phr) \ÆsømTIN Iz wønz

ÆfO…lt\

somebody is (not) responsible for something wrongIt’s not my fault we’re late; Jane took hours to get ready.

Workbook1.71 movein(phr v) \Æmu…v

ÆIn\

begin to live in a place as your homeWhen her parents divorced, Lilian moved in with her father.

Opp.:moveout(phr v)

1.72 orphanage(n) \ÆO…f“´‘nIdZ\

a place where orphans liveFred grew up in an orphanage.lorphan(n)

1.73 settlein(phr v) \Æsetl ÆIn\

become used to living in a placeAt first it was difficult for Tom but soon he settled in his new environment.

1.74 fortunate(adj) \ÆfO…tS´n´t\

luckyYou were very fortunate that the teacher never found out it was you who broke the classroom window.l fortune(n), fortunately(adv)

Opp.:unfortunate(adj)

1.75 concern (n) \k´nÆs‰…n\

worry, careHer children are her only concern.l concerned(adj)

1.76 aspect(n) \Æœspekt\

angle, sideOne negative aspect of living in the city is the traffic.

1.77 glimpse(v) \glImps\catch sight ofBetty glimpsed Mary who was standing at the other side of the room and immediately turned her back; she didn’t want to speak to her.lglimpse(n)

1.78 stare(v) \ste´\look at sb/sth for a long timeSarah kept staring at the expensive sports car that was parked outside the shop; she would love to have one of her own.l stare(n)

1.79 satisfactory(adj) \ÆsœtIsÆfœkt“´‘ri\

acceptable, good enoughYour results in the tests were satisfactory but I’m sure you can do a lot better.l satisfy(v), satisfied (adj),

satisfaction(n)

1.80 takeup(phr v) \ÆteIk Æøp\

start, become involved inShe took up volleyball in her free time.

� UNIT �

2 The Open Road

Reading 2.1 invent(v) \In

Ævent\

make up, discoverDo you remember the name of the man who invented the light bulb?l invention(n), inventor(n)

2.2 process(n) \Æpr´Uses\

procedure, methodTranslating books isn’t easy and takes quite a lot of time; it’s a time-consuming process.lprocessed(adj)

2.3 achieve(v) \´ÆtSi…v\

accomplish, complete, fulfillAt the age of 60, Tessa is very pleased with her life because she has achieved all her goals.lachievement(n), achiever(n)

2.4 cart(n) \kA…t\wagonIn the past, people travelled around in horse-drawn carts.

2.5 record(n) \ÆrekO…d\

the best result ever achieved in a sport or activityThe athlete broke the world record and became the new world champion.

2.6 railway(n) \ÆreIlweI\

trains travelling on steel rails\tracksThousands of immigrants to America worked hard to build the railway.

2.7 heat(v) \hi…t\warm up, make hotHeat the oven for a while and then put the food inside.lheater(n)

Opp.:cool(v)

2.8 putout(phr v) \ÆpUt ÆaUt\

extinguishThe firemen managed to put out the fire after a couple of hours.

Opp.:setfireto(v)

2.9 land(v) \lœnd\when an aeroplane comes down to the groundThe aeroplane ran out of fuel and the pilot had to land it in the middle of the desert.

Opp.:takeoff(v)

2.10 design(n) \dIÆzaIn\

plan, drawing, modelThe new boutique has attracted a lot of customers because it has a lot of very interesting and unique designs.ldesigner(n)

2.11 hydrofoil(n) \ÆhaIdr´UÆfOIl\

a kind of boat that can also travel partly out of the waterYou can travel to Hydra and Spetses on a hydrofoil.

2.12 hovercraft(n) \ÆhÅv´ÆkrA…ft\

a vehicle that can travel across land and water on a cushion of airI had never seen a hovercraft until I visited a seaside town in England where I saw one coming out of the water and moving along the beach.

2.13 aircraft(n)/Æe´ÆkrA…ft/

(plural:aircraft)an aeroplane or helicopterDid you see those two aircraft? They were flying at the speed of sound!

2.14 industry(n) \ÆInd´stri\

business, productionFord brought about major developments in the car industry.l industrial(adj), industrialise(v)

2.15 challenge(n) \ÆtSœl´ndZ\

test, trialFor an inexperienced teacher like her, teaching such a class will be a big challenge.l challenging(adj)

2.16 spaceshuttle(n) \ÆspeIs ÆSøtl\

spacecraftThe space shuttle was launched in space on 6th

February, at 8 o’clock in the morning.

The Open Road

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2 The Open Road

2.17 tracks(n) \trœks\railsIn this western, the cowboy saves the girl who’s tied down onto the railway tracks just a second before the train comes.

2.18 vehicle(n) \Ævi…Ikl\

a means of transportThe driver of the car was going too fast and collided with another vehicle.

2.19 cushion(n) \ÆkUSn\

pillow, thick layer (of air, for example)She lay comfortably on some cushions on the floor, reading a novel.

2.20 besb’sturntodosth(phr) \bi Æsømb´diz Æt‰…n t´

Ædu… ÆsømTIN\

be next to do sthI washed the dishes yesterday; today it’s your turn.

Vocabulary builder2.21 cabin(n) \

ÆkœbIn\

a room where you sleep when on a shipThe island is only four hours away by ship; you don’t need to book a cabin.

2.22 taxirank(n) \Ætœksi ÆrœNk\

a place where taxis line up for customersThere’s a taxi rank nearby; you’ll easily find a taxi there.

2.23 fare(n) \fe´\charge, priceTaxi fares in Germany are outrageous! You pay €35 for a 25-kilometre ride. It’s ridiculous!

2.24 airline(n) \Æe´ÆlaIn\

a company that provides services by flying people from place to place by aeroplaneShe booked her plane ticket to Italy with Alitalia airline.

2.25 underground(n) \Æønd´ÆgraUnd\

the tube, the subwayThe underground in Athens has really helped with the traffic problem in the city centre.

2.26 platform (n) \ÆplœtÆfO…m\

the place in a railway station where you get on or off a train.- Excuse me, which platform does the train to Manchester leave from?- Platform 6, sir.

2.27 terminal(n) \Æt‰…mIn“´‘l\

a building at an airport where passengers wait to get on an aeroplaneAttention, please. All passengers with tickets for flight LH3420 to Frankfurt, please proceed to the terminal, gate 11.

2.28 ferry(n) \Æferi\

ferry boat, a ship that carries people as well as vehiclesThere were a lot of cars at the port, waiting to get on different ferries to the islands.

2.29 coach(n) \k´UtS\busShe flew from Athens to Thessaloniki and from there she took the coach to Serres.

2.30 travel(n) \Ætrœvl\

journeyAir travel is probably the safest way to get from one place to another.l travelling(n), traveller(n)

2.31 journey(n) \ÆdZ‰…ni\

travel, tripIt was a very tiring journey from Athens to Singapore and then to Hong Kong; when he finally got home, he was exhausted.

2.32 trip(n) \trIp\a journey to a particular placeMr Jenkins has been on a business trip to Munich since Monday; he’ll be back tomorrow.

2.33 miss(v) \mIs\arrive too late to catch a plane, bus, etcHe missed the bus again today so he was late for work.

Opp.: catch(v)

2.34 lose(v) \lu…z\misplace, be defeatedHe has lost his car keys so he’s borrowed my car for the day.l loss(n), loser(n)

Opp.: find(v),win(v)

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2 The Open Road

2.35 double-deckerbus(n) \Ædøbl dek´ Æbøs\a bus with two levelsWe sat upstairs on the double-decker bus and enjoyed a magnificent view during the tour around the city.

Listening2.36 applyfor(v) \´

ÆplaI f´, fO…\

requestMary has applied for the position of secretary at a big company.lapplication(n), applicant(n)

2.37 current(adj) \Ækør´nt\

present, present-dayTheir current financial condition doesn’t allow them to go on holiday for a whole month.l currently(adv)

2.38 hut(n) \høt\shed, cabinThe family was so poor that they couldn’t afford a proper house; they lived in a small hut in the country.

2.39 pat(v) \pœt\stroke, caressThe little girl patted the dog on the head.

Speaking2.40 havesthincommon(phr) \hœv

ÆsømTIN In ÆkÅm´n\

share the same interestsI can’t understand why they got married; they have nothing in common.

2.41 swap(v) \swÅp\exchangeKate didn’t want to sit next to Harry so she swapped places with somebody else.

Use of English2.42 breakdown(phr v) \ÆbreIk

ÆdaUn\

(for an engine) stop working He was late for work this morning because his car broke down on the way.

2.43 insiston(v) \InÆsIst Ån\

demand, put one’s foot downHe insisted on giving me a lift home because it was very late.l insistence (n), insistent(adj)

2.44 remindsbofsth (v) \rIÆmaInd Æsømb´di

´v ÆsømTIN\make sb rememberPlease remind me to call Jane later; I’m afraid I’ll forget again.l reminder(n)

2.45 takesthintoaccount(phr) \ÆteIk ÆsømTIN IntU ´

ÆkaUnt\

considerBefore you decide to leave your job, you have to take several things into account.

2.46 range(n) \reIndZ\varietyThere was a wide range of modern designs at the new clothes shop.l range(v)

2.47 wonder(n) \Æwønd´\

miracle, phenomenonThe Lighthouse of Alexandria was one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.lwonderful(adj)

Writing2.48 encourage(v) \In

ÆkørIdZ\

give courage to sb, cheerHis family encouraged him to accept the job abroad because it would be a great experience for him.lencouragement(n), encouraging

(adj)Opp.: discourage(v)

2.49 raise(v) \reIz\lift, increase, collectEvery year, our school raises some money for charity.l raise(n)

2.50 tax(n) \tœks\money paid to the government Now that you have a proper full-time job you’ll have to pay your taxes, too.

2.51 reliable(adj) \rIÆlaI´bl\

dependable, trustworthyBuses in Germany are a very reliable means of transport; they are always on time.l reliability(n)

Opp.: unreliable(adj)

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2 The Open Road

2.52 prevent(v) \prIÆvent\

stop sth from happeningShe took an aspirin to prevent the headache from becoming stronger.lprevention(n)

2.53 pouringrain(phr) \ÆpO…rIN ÆreIn\

heavy rain

2.54 drownedrat(exp) \ÆdraUnd Ærœt\

soaking wetHe had to walk in the pouring rain without an umbrella for over an hour; when he came home, he looked like a drowned rat.

10 UNIT �

3 Killing Time

Reading3.1 takepartin(phr) \ÆteIk

ÆpA…t In\

participateOur school took part in the anti-war demonstration today.

3.2 competition(n) \ÆkÅmp´ÆtISn\

contestMy aunt won the chocolate cake competition; hers was the best and tastiest of all cakes!l compete(v), competitor(n),

competitive(adj)

3.3 arcade(n) \A…ÆkeId\

a covered passage with shopsYou’ll find anything you need in this shopping arcade; there are plenty of shops here.

3.4 worthless(adj) \Æw‰…Tl´s\

useless, unimportant– Do you want to keep this? – No, throw it away; it’s a worthless piece of junk.

Opp.: useful(adj)

3.5 gear(n) \gI´\equipmentIf you want to go rock climbing, you will need to rent special gear.

3.6 helmet(n) \ÆhelmIt\

a hat that protects your headThe man with the motorbike had an accident but wasn’t hurt because, fortunately, he had his helmet on.

3.7 weird(adj) \wI´d\strange, oddI had a very weird dream last night; in it I could fly like Superman!lweirdly (adv), weirdness(n)

Opp.: normal(adj)

3.8 ink(n) \INk\coloured liquid used for writing and printingThe report was handwritten in black ink.

3.9 valuable(adj) \ÆvœljUbl\

precious, usefulI hate arguing with you; your friendship is valuable to me.lvalue(n), invaluable(adj)

Opp.: worthless(adj)

3.10 priceless(adj) \ÆpraIsl´s\

valuable, invaluable, preciousA priceless diamond was stolen last night from the museum; the police are looking everywhere for the thief.

3.11 ordinary(adj) \ÆO…dn“´‘ri\

normal, usualNothing special happened today; it was another ordinary day for me.lextraordinary (adj),

ordinarily(adv)Opp.:unusual(adj)

3.12 float(n) \fl´Ut\a small object attached to the fishing line that stays on the surface of the waterAs soon as he saw the float moving, he could tell that he had caught a very big fish.

3.13 ignore(v) \IgÆnO…\

take no notice of, neglectI asked you a question! Are you ignoring me? Why don’t you answer me?l ignorance(n), ignorant(adj)

3.14 fit(adj) \fIt\healthy, in good shapeFred smokes a lot and isn’t very fit; that’s why he always takes the lift and never climbs the stairs.lfitness(n)

Opp.:unfit(adj)

3.15 bargain(n) \ÆbA…gIn\

good buy, cheap purchaseThat antique chair was a real bargain; I paid half the money it’s really worth.

3.16 patient(adj) \ÆpeISnt\

understanding, tolerant, forgivingHe’s going through a difficult phase in his life; you have to be patient with him.lpatience (n)

Opp.: impatient(adj)

Grammar clinic3.17 sortout(phr v) \ÆsO…t

ÆaUt\

organise, tidy upYour desk is a mess; you have to sit and sort out your papers at some point.

Killing Time

UNIT � 11

3 Killing Time

3.18 xylophone(n) \ÆzaIl´Æf´Un\

When I was a student I used to play the xylophone in the school orchestra.

3.19 sore(adj) \sO…\painfulRita must have caught a cold and now has a runny nose and a sore throat.

Vocabulary builder3.20 takeone’stime(phr) \ÆteIk wønz

ÆtaIm\

do sth slowly without any hurryYou can take your time looking at the travel brochure; I’ll be here if you have any questions.

3.21 ontime(phr) \Ån ÆtaIm\

if you are on time, you’re not late, you are punctualJohn is never late for his appointments; he’s always on time.

3.22 have(got)timeonone’shands(phr) \h´v gÅt

ÆtaIm Ån wønz Æhœndz\

have got free timeHarry has got a lot of time on his hands since he quit his job.

3.23 intime(phr) \In ÆtaIm\

if you are in time, you are not too lateDon’t worry; we’re in time for the film; it starts in fifteen minutes.

3.24 killtime(phr) \ÆkIl ÆtaIm\

do sth not because you really want to but because you’ve got some time availableTo kill some time until the train comes, I’ll sit at the cafe and read the newspaper.

3.25 maketime(phr) \ÆmeIk ÆtaIm\

arrange to have some free time to do sthShe is very busy but she always makes time to meet her friends.

3.26 sthgetssbdown(phr v) \ÆsømTIN gets Æsømb´di

ÆdaUn\

sth makes sb unhappyNick had a bad argument with his boss this morning and it got him down a bit.

3.27 lookdownon(phr v) \ÆlUk ÆdaUn Ån\

scorn, have contempt for sbThey are so arrogant that they look down on anybody who’s not as rich as they are.

3.28 turndown(phr v) \Æt‰…n ÆdaUn\

refuseAnn invited Robert to her birthday party but he turned her down; he said he was already invited to another party.

3.29 comedownwith(phr v) \Ækøm ÆdaUn

wID, wIT\ become ill with sthHe hasn’t been feeling very well these past few days; maybe he’s coming down with the flu.

3.30 putdown(phr v) \ÆpUt ÆdaUn\

(for an animal) kill because it is old or illThere was nothing the vet could do for the horse’s bad leg so they had to put it down.

3.31 minor(adj) \ÆmaIn´\

small, unimportantThis is not the point! This is of minor importance! lminority(n)

Opp.: major(adj)

3.32 savetime (phr) \ÆseIv ÆtaIm\

prevent the loss or waste of time, reserve, storeIf you do it as I say, you’ll save a lot of time; you’ll have it ready in no time.

Opp.:wastetime(phr)

3.33 spendtime(phr) \Æspend ÆtaIm\

use your time to do sthShe spends a lot of time in her garden every day.

3.34 wastetime(phr) \ÆweIst ÆtaIm\

spend time doing sth that is not importantYou’re wasting your time talking to him; in the end he’ll do what he thinks anyway.

Listening3.35 embarrassing(adj) \Im

Æbœr´sIN\

awkward, uncomfortableHe made a very embarrassing comment about her in front of all the people and the poor girl turned red.

lembarrass(v), embarrassed(adj)

3.36 demand(v) \dIÆmA…nd\

request, require, needDoing a PhD demands a lot of time and hard work; it isn’t easy.

1� UNIT �

3 Killing Time

3.37 fuss(n) \føs\bother, troubleIt’s not a big deal; why are you making such a fuss?

Use of English3.38 regret(v) \rI

Ægret\

feel sorry aboutShe regrets talking to him in this way; now she feels bad and wants to apologise.

l regret(n), regretful(adj)

3.39 objectto(v) \´bÆdZekt t´, tU\

argue against, opposeHis wife objects to his applying for a job abroad; she doesn’t want to live anywhere else but here.

lobjection(n)Opp.: approveof(v),agreeto(v)

3.40 approveof(v) \´Æpru…v ´v, Åv\

agree to, favourThe teacher approved of the students’ decision to organise a visit to the archaeological museum.lapproval(n)

Opp.:disapproveof(v)

3.41 lineup(phr v) \ÆlaIn Æøp\

place in a line, one after the otherThe little boy lined up his toys on the floor and played alone for hours.

UNIT � 1�

4 Work Wonders

Reading4.1 satisfaction(n) \ÆsœtIs

ÆfœkSn\

fulfillmentThe teacher expressed her satisfaction with the progress of her students.l satisfy(v), satisfied(adj),

satisfactory(adj), satisfying(adj)

4.2 manage(v) \ÆmœnIdZ\

be in charge of, direct, runEver since his father died, John has been managing the family company on his own.lmanager(n), managerial(adj)

4.3 expenses(n) \IkÆspensIz\

amount of money spent, cost, paymentNow that Kate has lost her job, she’ll have to cut down on her expenses.lexpensive(adj)

4.4 appreciate(v) \´Æpri…SiÆeIt\

be grateful forI really appreciate your help; I wouldn’t have done it without you!lappreciation(n),

appreciative(adj)

4.5 charity (n) \ÆtSœr´ti\

philanthropy, helpThey aren’t very rich but every year they give a considerable amount of money to charity.l charitable(adj)

4.6 hold(v) \h´Uld\have, possessShe holds a Master’s degree in finance.

4.7 voluntary(adj) \ÆvÅl´nt“´‘ri\

without getting paid, free willingSarah does voluntary work at the orphanage at the weekends.lvolunteer(v), (n), voluntarily(adv)

4.8 cover(v) \Ækøv´\

guarantee that money will be paid if necessaryThe company covers all my expenses when I go on business trips abroad; I don’t have to pay for anything.

4.9 insurance(n) \InÆSU´r´ns\

protection, security, guaranteeWe pay a lot of money on private life insurance.l insure(v)

4.10 broadcast(v) \ÆbrO…dÆkA…st\

transmit, put on the airThey are going to broadcast the open air rock concert live on TV tonight; I’ll definitely watch it.lbroadcaster(n), broadcasting(n)

4.11 staff(n) \stA…f\employees, personnelHe’s been working for this company for 20 years; he’s a senior member of staff.

4.12 expand(v) \IkÆspœnd\

broaden, develop, extendThe company is doing so well that is now considering expanding its business abroad as well.lexpansion(n)

4.13 vacancy(n) \ÆveIk´nsi\

job, opening, positionI’ll send my CV to the personnel manager at IBM; I heard there’s a vacancy. Maybe they’ll call me for a job interview.lvacant(adj)

4.14 provide(v) \pr´ÆvaId\

supply, giveMy PhD supervisor provided me with a copy of the book I needed for my research.lprovision(n)

Vocabulary builder4.15 accountant(n) \´

ÆkaUnt´nt\

bookkeeper, sb who keeps financial accountsHe is an accountant and keeps the financial accounts for three different companies.

4.16 salesrep(n) \ÆseIlz Ærep\

sb who travels around and sells a company’s productsBeing a sales rep for a big publishing house involves a lot of travelling abroad.

Work Wonders

1� UNIT �

4 Work Wonders

4.17 civilservant(n) \ÆsIvl Æs‰…v“´‘nt\

sb who works for the stateLaura is a civil servant; she works at the Ministry of Education.

4.18 civilengineer(n) \ÆsIvl endZIÆnI´\

sb who constructs buildings, bridges, etcGeorge is a civil engineer; in the mornings he’s on the construction site and in the evenings he works at his office.

4.19 labourer(n) \ÆleIb´r´\

manual workerHer husband works as a labourer on a construction site.l labour(n)

4.20 miner(n) \ÆmaIn´\

sb who works underground in mines and digs for coal, gold, etcBeing a miner must be a dirty and dangerous job.lmine(n)

4.21 income(n) \ÆInk´m\

earnings, salaryShe’s very bad at handling her money; her monthly expenses are often more than her income.

4.22 taxoffice(n) \Ætœks ÆÅfIs\

the government department which collects taxesShe went to the tax office this morning to settle the payment of tax.

4.23 coal(n) \k´Ul\black rock found undergroundThere was an accident this morning at one of the coal mines but fortunately none of the miners was killed.

4.24 getthesack(phr) \Æget D´ Æsœk\

get fired, be dismissedThe secretary got the sack because she was very inefficient.

4.25 workovertime(phr) \Æw‰…k Æ´Uv´ÆtaIm\

work long hoursShe is in charge of a very important project at work at the moment and she works overtime almost every day.

4.26 promote(v) \pr´Æm´Ut\

raise, upgradeHe started as a sales rep but has now been promoted to sales manager.lpromotion(n)

Opp.: demote(v)

4.27 permanently(adv) \Æp‰…m´n´ntli\

for everHe’s under such pressure that he’s permanently stressed out; that’s extremely bad for his health.lpermanent(adj)

Opp.: temporarily(adv)

4.28 earn(v) \‰…n\make, receiveHe’s the Marketing Director at a company and earns quite a lot of money.

4.29 win(v) \wIn\come firstThe runner who won the marathon was French.

4.30 lotteryticket(n) \ÆlÅt´ri ÆtIkIt\

an entry ticket for a competitionDid you hear about Mike? He bought a lottery ticket and won €1,000!

4.31 salary(n) \Æsœl´ri\

monthly pay Monica wasn’t satisfied with her salary so she asked her boss for a raise.

4.32 wage(n) \weIdZ\payment (usually weekly)The labourer’s wages are €100 per week.

Listening4.33 careersofficer(n) \k´

ÆrI´z ÆÅfIs´\

sb who advises (young) people regarding different professionsA careers officer came to school today and discussed with us what professions are in demand at present.

4.34 last(v) \lA…st\continue, carry onThe flight from Athens to Munich lasts two hours approximately.l lasting(adj)

UNIT � 1�

4 Work Wonders

Speaking4.35 tomb(n) \tu…m\

graveThe archaeologists had been digging for months before they found those ancient tombs.

4.36 pneumonia(n) \nju…Æm´Uni´\

a serious disease of the lungsMy grandmother nearly died of pneumonia when she was ten.

4.37 knight(n) \naIt\This book is about King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table.

Use of English4.38 calculation(n) \ÆkœlkjU

ÆleISn\

working out a mathematical resultI’m not good at doing calculations in my mind so I always carry my calculator with me.l calculate(v), calculator(n)

4.39 mumble(v) \Æmømbl\

speak quietly and not clearly, mutterI asked him where he had been but he mumbled an answer I didn’t understand.lmumble(n)

4.40 grumble(v) \Ægrømbl\

complain, moan, whineHe got so annoyed by the heavy traffic, he didn’t stop grumbling all the way back home.lgrumble(n)

4.41 senior(adj) \Æsi…ni´\

superiorIn the last few years you can see more and more women in senior posts in the government.Opp.: junior(adj)

4.42 rush(v) \røS\hurryTake your time to think this over; you shouldn’t rush a decision.

4.43 fellowworker(n) \Æfel´U Æw‰…k´\

colleague, partnerHe’s a favourite amongst his fellow workers; they all like him.

Workbook4.44 wealthy(adj) \

ÆwelTi\

richThe Roberts are so wealthy; they live in a huge house and they’ve all got their own cars.lwealth(n)

Opp.:poor

4.45 do(ajob)foraliving(phr) \Ædu… f´r ´ ÆlIvIN\ do a job in order to earn the money you need‘What do you do for a living?’ ‘I’m an architect.’

4.46 majority(n) \m´ÆdZÅr´ti\

greater number, the mostThe majority of people living in the countryside are farmers.lmajor (adj)

4.47 exhaustion(n) \IgÆzO…stS“´‘n\

feeling of extreme tirednessAfter working long hours for a whole month, he suffered from exhaustion.lexhaust(v), exhausting(adj),

exhausted(adj)

4.48 collapse(v) \k´Ælœps\

fall downJason worked very hard today; when he came home at the end of the day, he was so tired, he collapsed.

4.49 getthrough(phr v) \Æget ÆTru…\

contact sb on the telephoneElaine tried to call Marianne at the office but she didn’t get through the first time round.

1� UNIT �

5 The Global Village

5.9 incredible(adj) \InÆkred´bl\

unbelievable Look at these acrobats; it’s incredible how they can keep their balance one on top of the other.l incredibly(adv)

5.10 stream(n) \stri…m\flood, flowThere was a stream of letters from the readers arriving by post every morning at the newspaper’s offices.

5.11 beam(down)(v) \bi…m\send out, broadcastThe anti-war demonstration was beamed live worldwide.

5.12 cable(n) \ÆkeIbl\

wireShe bought a new TV set and a VCR but she doesn’t know how to connect the cables.

5.13 keepuptodatewith(phr) \Æki…p øp t´ ÆdeIt wID, wIT\have the latest information about sthHe loves reading about cars and keeps up to date with all the new models on the market.

5.14 figure(n) \ÆfIg´\

numberI don’t believe this figure of unemployed people in the country is true; I think that a lot more people are without a job.

5.15 instantly(adv) \ÆInst´ntli\

immediately, at onceThe service at this restaurant is amazing; you get served almost instantly.l instant(n), instantaneous(adj)

5.16 face(v) \feIs\come up againstYou can’t just think that the problem will go away on its own; you have to face it.

5.17 whatthefutureholds(exp) \ÆwÅt D´ Æfju…tS´

Æh´Uldz\

what the future has in store, what will happenNo one knows what the future holds for them; whatever is to happen, will happen.

5.1 global(adj) \Ægl´Ubl\

worldwide, universalGlobal warming is one of the major environmental concerns of our time.lglobe(n), globally(adv),

globalise(v)

Reading5.2 survey (n) \

Æs‰…veI\

examination, studyAccording to a survey regarding the most popular sitcom, ‘Friends’ is at the top of the list.

5.3 adolescent(n) \Æœd´Ælesnt\

teenagerMost adolescents nowadays aren’t interested in reading literature; they prefer to watch TV. ladolescence(n)

5.4 documentary(n) \ÆdÅkjUÆment“´‘ri\

informative\educational programme on TVThere was a very interesting documentary on TV last night about the life of different African tribes.

5.5 tendto(v) \Ætend t´, tU\

be inclined to, have a tendency toWhen under stress, Martha tends to behave rudely to her colleagues. l tendency(n)

5.6 affect(v) \´Æfekt\

influence, changeHis parents’ constant fights affect the little boy extremely.

5.7 effect(n) \IÆfekt\

result, consequenceIf we don’t start caring about the environment, the effects will be disastrous.leffective(adj), effectively(adv)

5.8 dominate(v) \ÆdÅmIÆneIt\

controlHe always talks so much that he dominates the conversation and doesn’t let anybody else talk.ldominant(adj), domination(n)

The Global Village

UNIT � 1�

5 The Global Village

5.18 select(v) \sIÆlekt\

choose, pickTina saw many books at the book exhibition that she liked but in the end she selected and bought only two.l selection(n), selective(adj)

5.19 turnover(phr v) \Æt‰…n Æ´Uv´\

switch overAs soon as she realised that the children were watching a violent film, she grabbed the remote control and turned over.

Grammar clinic5.20 oncable(phr) \Ån

ÆkeIbl\

television signals sent along underground cablesThere are many channels in Europe which are available on cable.

5.21 newsbulletin(n) \Ænju…z ÆbUl´tIn\

a TV or radio programme which presents the news‘We’ll have more information about the bank robbery in our next news bulletin at 9.’

Vocabulary builder5.22 sitcom(n) \

ÆsItÆkÅm\

(short for: situation comedy)Friends is the most popular sitcom at the moment all around the world.

5.23 contestant(n) \k´nÆtest´nt\

competitorOn this game show, the contestant who gives an answer last, or gives no answer at all, loses.l contest(n)

5.24 producer(n) \pr´Ædju…s´\

the person who pays for a film or TV programme to be madeTom Cruise is also the producer of many of his films; this way he has control over the whole project.lproduce(v), production(n),

product(n)

5.25 turnon(phr v) \Æt‰…n ÆÅn\

switch onCould you turn on the kettle for me, please? I’d like to make a hot cup of tea.

Opp.: turnoff(phr v)

5.26 carryon(phr v) \Ækœri ÆÅn\

continue, go onShe was talking to him but he carried on reading his newspaper as if he wasn’t listening.

5.27 puton(phr v) \ÆpUt ÆÅn\

broadcast, show on TVI wish they wouldn’t put on so much sport on Saturday night.

Opp.:takeoff(phr v)

5.28 comeon(phr v) \Ækøm ÆÅn\

startShe feels exhausted and has a little temperature; it must be the flu coming on.

5.29 (sth)growon(sb)(phr v) \Ægr´U Ån\

start to like sth more and moreAt first I didn’t like Chinese food but now it has started growing on me.

5.30 bringon(phr v) \ÆbrIN ÆÅn\

causeHeavy smoking brings on lung problems, sooner or later.

5.31 logon(phr v) \ÆlÅg ÆÅn\

log in, start using a computer systemYou need a password to log on to this programme; unless you know it, you can’t use it.

5.32 takeon(phr v) \ÆteIk ÆÅn\

accept (a job, a responsibility)She already had a very full schedule so she didn’t take on the extra private lesson.

5.33 getonwith(phr v) \Æget ÆÅn wID, wIT\

get along, have a good relationshipAlex doesn’t get on with the other boys in this basketball team so he asked his teacher to change teams.

5.34 front-pagenews(phr) \Æfrønt peIdZ Ænju…z\news published on the first page of the newspaperThe assassination of the Minister of Defence was front-page news today.

5.35 couchpotato(n) \ÆkaUtS p´ÆteIt´U\

sb who spends a lot of time in front of the TVHe’s a couch potato; he doesn’t like to go out or read any books; he just spends hours in front of the TV.

1� UNIT �

5 The Global Village

5.36 beonthespot(phr) \bi ÆÅn D´ ÆspÅt\

be at the actual place where sth is happening at the time it is happeningThe reporter is on the spot of the fatal car accident giving all the latest information on how it happened.

5.37 hittheheadlines(phr) \ÆhIt D´ ÆhedÆlaInz\get a lot of publicity from the mediaThe weddings and divorces of celebrities usually hit the headlines.

5.38 beontheair(phr) \bi ÆÅn Di Æe´\

be broadcast on radio or televisionThe Prime Minister will be on the air in a few minutes to comment on the new law.

Opp.: beofftheair(phr)

Listening5.39 exchange(n) \Iks

ÆtSeIndZ\

short conversationThere’s been an angry exchange between the two colleagues over a work issue and now they’re not on speaking terms.

Speaking5.40 occur(v) \´

Æk‰…\

happenIt’s the first time that something like this has happened; it has never occurred before.loccurrence(n)

Use of English5.41 realise(v) \

ÆrI´laIz\

suddenly understand, make a dream come trueWhen he realised his mistake, he apologised to her.He works hard to realise his dream; he wants to have his own restaurant one day.l realisation(n)

5.42 run(v) \røn\move quickly, manage a businessShe ran downstairs to pick up the phone as she was expecting an important call from abroad.Kate runs a clothes shop in the city centre.

5.43 feel(v) \fi…l\touch with your hands, experience an emotionFeel this material; it’s very soft.She was feeling extremely tired so she went to bed early.l feeling(n)

5.44 order(v) \ÆO…d´\

command, ask forThe major ordered the soldier to stay in line.She ordered schnitzel with vegetables and French fries.lorder(n)

5.45 suggest(v) \s´ÆdZest\

propose, remind sb ofHe suggested that they go out for dinner at an expensive restaurant.This smell suggests to me my holidays in the country house in Wales.l suggestion(n)

5.46 argue(v) \ÆA…gju…\

quarrel, make a pointAt first, the journalist argued with the newspaper editor about the way the article should be written but in the end they agreed.She argued that taking a small nap during the day is very healthy and recharges your batteries.largument(n)

5.47 tense(adj) \tens\stressful, stressed outShe can’t keep calm when she finds herself in tense situations at the office; she panics and makes mistakes.l tension(n)

Writing5.48 dreadful(adj) \

Ædredf´l\

terrible, awfulI heard some dreadful news on the radio; there was a terrible accident on the national road with a lot of casualties.ldread(v), dreadfully(adv)

Workbook5.49 approximately(adv) \´

ÆprÅksIm´tli\

almost, aroundThere were approximately fifty people that took part in that seminar.lapproximate(adj)

Opp.:exactly(adv)

UNIT � 1�

5 The Global Village

5.50 breakthrough(n) \ÆbreIkTru…\

development, advanceThe invention of the telegraph was a major breakthrough at the time, followed by the invention of the telephone as we know it today.

5.51 access(v) \Æœkses\

find, obtainHe couldn’t access the secret file on the computer because he had the wrong password.laccess(n), accessible(adj),

accessibility(n)

5.52 barrier(n) \Æbœri´\

boundaryThe wide use of the Internet nowadays has eliminated all barriers among different cultures in the world.

5.53 satellitedish(n) \Æsœt´laIt ÆdIS\

They had a satellite dish installed; this way they can watch programmes on TV channels from all over the world.

5.54 addictive(adj) \´ÆdIktIv\

so enjoyable that you want to do it or have it a lotThe melody of this new song is addictive; I’ve been humming it all day.laddiction(n), addicted(adj),

addict(n)

5.55 encounter(v) \InÆkaUnt´\

meet, confront, experience, faceAt the beginning, he had no idea about the difficulties he would encounter but in the end he was successful.lencounter(n)

�0 UNIT �

6 Come Rain or Shine

6.10 region(n) \Æri…dZ“´‘n\

area, placeThere aren’t many mountains in this region; most of the land here is flat.l regional (adj)

6.11 expert(n) \Æeksp‰…t\

specialistLaura is an expert in 18th century English literature; she knows the works of all writers and poets.lexpertise(n)

6.12 barometer(n) \b´ÆrÅmIt´\

an instrument that measures air pressure

6.13 windmeter(n) \ÆwInd Æmi…t´\

an instrument that measures the speed or force of wind

6.14 static(n) \ÆstœtIk\

loud noise that spoils the quality of sound on radio or TVThere’s a lot of static at this frequency; try to find another radio station.

6.15 clearup(phr v) \ÆklI´r Æøp\

(for the weather) stop raining or being cloudyThe weather will soon clear up so we’ll still be able to go on our picnic.

Vocabulary builder 6.16 hurricane(n) \

ÆhørIk´n,

ÆhørIkeIn\

violent wind, cyclone, twisterThe hurricane in South California last week swept away the roofs of several houses.

6.17 heatwave(n) \Æhi…tÆweIv\

weather much hotter than usualDuring heatwaves, old people are advised to stay at home.

6.18 blizzard(n) \ÆblIz´d\

snowstormThe hikers were caught in a blizzard but thankfully they all managed to return safely.

6.19 shower(n) \ÆSaU´\

rain that lasts for a short timeTake your umbrella with you in case it rains; they said there would be showers today.

6.1 comerainorshine(exp) \Ækøm ÆreIn O… ÆSaIn\no matter what the circumstances areHe’ll make this trip abroad come rain or shine; he’s very determined.

Reading6.2 wisdom(n) \

ÆwIzd´m\

knowledge, judgment, understandingWisdom comes with old age. lwise(adj)

6.3 amateur(adj) \Æœm´t´,

Æœm´tSU´\

non-professionalHe’s an English teacher but he’s also an amateur actor; he’ll be in an amateur production of Shakespeare’s Romeo & Juliet.

Opp.: professional(n)

6.4 pattern(n) \Æpœt“´‘n\

method, system, sequenceThis teacher’s classes all follow the same pattern; he doesn’t allow for any spontaneity.

6.5 forecast(n) \ÆfO…kA…st\

prediction, prognosisAccording to this morning’s weather forecast, today is going to be sunny and hot.l forecast(v), weatherforecaster(n)

6.6 saying(n) \ÆseIIN\

proverbThere’s a saying that goes: ‘Better safe than sorry,’ very wise words if you ask me.

6.7 accurate(adj) \ÆœkjUr´t\

exact, preciseThe witness tried to give an accurate description of the bank robber.laccuracy(n), accurately(adv)

Opp.: inaccurate(adj)

6.8 constantly(adv) \ÆkÅnst´ntli\

all the timeHe’s constantly saying that he wants to quit his job and find a better one but he never does anything.l constant(adj)

6.9 altitude(n) \ÆœltIÆtju…d\

specific height above sea levelThe jumbo jet was flying at an altitude of 30,000 ft.

Come Rain or Shine

UNIT � �1

6 Come Rain or Shine

6.20 hail(n) \heIl\rain consisting of small balls of ice The storm with heavy hail last night was very bad for the crops.lhail(v)

6.21 frost(n) \frÅst\ice that covers the ground when the temperature is below zeroBe careful; driving is dangerous because of the early morning frost.

6.22 mist(n) \mIst\light fogEarly morning mist could be seen across the valley.lmisty(adj)

6.23 snowflake(n) \Æsn´UÆfleIk\

one of the soft, white bits of frozen water that fall as snowDid you know that no two snowflakes are ever the same?

6.24 raindrop(n) \ÆreInÆdrÅp\

a single drop of rainDeina likes to sit by the window when it rains and watch the raindrops falling on it.

6.25 hailstone(n) \ÆheIlÆst´Un\

a small ball of iceYesterday we had a shower of hailstones.

6.26 flashoflightning (n) \Æf lœS ´v ÆlaItnIN\

There was a flash of lightning on the horizon suggesting that a storm was approaching.

6.27 gustofwind(phr) \Ægøst ´v ÆwInd\

breeze, blowShe opened the window and a gust of wind threw the vase off the table.

6.28 puddle(ofwater)(n) \Æpødl ´v ÆwO…t´\

small shallow poolAfter the rain, there were puddles of water all over the road.

6.29 mild(adj) \maIld\calm, warmThey said that this year winter is going to be very mild; that’s great because I hate the cold.lmildly(adv), mildness(n)

Opp.: cold(adj)

Use of English6.30 threat(n) \Tret\

warning, dangerShe regarded her new colleague as a threat to her post because he was more experienced than her.l threaten(v), threatening(adj),

threatened(adj)

6.31 drought (n) \draUt\dry spellFarmers are very worried about their crops because of the drought; if it doesn’t rain soon, they will be destroyed.

6.32 seasonalaffectivedisorder(phr) \Æsi…z“´‘n´l ´

ÆfektIv dIsÆO…d´\

feeling of tiredness and sadness when there is no sunshineThere are more people suffering from seasonal affective disorder in the northern European countries than there are in the south.

6.33 lack(n) \lœk\miss, be short of, be withoutIt seems that he lacks sensitivity; he always makes cruel comments to people and doesn’t care if he’s hurting them.llack(v)

6.34 false(adj) \fO…ls\sth artificial intended to look like the real thingWhen she was little, she fell and broke her two front teeth so she had to have them replaced by false ones.

Opp.:real(adj)

6.35 artificial(adj) \ÆA…tIÆfISl\

man-made, non-naturalScientists have always been very interested in artificial intelligence, that is, making robots that think and feel like humans.

Opp.:natural(adj)

6.36 fake(adj) \feIk\sth forged, artificial in order to deceive peopleShe thought she was buying an authentic, expensive painting, but it turned out it was fake.

Opp.:authentic(adj)

�� UNIT �

6 Come Rain or Shine

Workbook6.37 severe(adj) \sI

ÆvI´\

intense, extremeHis health problems are quite severe; he’s going to have to spend a lot of time in hospital.l severely(adv), severity(n)

6.38 moisture(n) \ÆmOIstS´\

damp, dewThis day cream is very good; it helps keep the right level of moisture in your skin.lmoisturise(v), moisturiser(n)

6.39 spin(v) \spIn\twirl, turn, revolveHe had so much to drink that his head was spinning; he was completely drunk.

6.40 anti-clockwise(adv) \Æœnti ÆklÅkwaIz\

sth moves in a circle in the opposite direction to the hands on a clockThe choreography was beautiful; one circle of people were moving clockwise while a second smaller circle were moving anti-clockwise.

Opp.: clockwise(adj)

6.41 surge(n) \s‰…dZ\flood, flowThe houses on the bank of the river flooded due to a water surge during a storm.l surge(v)

6.42 beonfullalert(phr) \bi Ån ÆfUl ´Æl‰…t\

be watchful, fully awakeThe fire brigade is on full alert during the summer when there is increased danger of forest fires.

6.43 precaution(n) \prIÆkO…Sn\

safety measure, protectionBecause they had little children, they had taken extra precautions in the house as well as in the garden.

6.44 massive(adj) \ÆmœsIv\

hugeDid you see their house? It was massive! I had no idea they were so wealthy.lmass (n)

6.45 overflow(v) \Æ´Uv´Æfl´U\

flood, pour overShe put the glass under the tap to fill it up with water but she wasn’t careful and it overflowed.loverflow(n)

6.46 pipe(n) \paIp\tubeThe pipes were blocked and the kitchen sink kept flooding so we had to call the plumber.

UNIT � ��

7 A Matter of Taste

7.10 skin(n) \skIn\outer layer She was walking down the street when she suddenly slipped on a banana skin.l skin(v)

Grammar clinic7.11 refuse(v) \rI

Æfju…z\

say no, declineShe refused to answer his questions and she simply walked away.l refusal(n)

7.12 deny(v) \dIÆnaI\

say that sth is not trueThe boy denied breaking the window.ldenial(n)

Opp.: admit(v)

7.13 admit(v) \´dÆmIt\

confess, acceptIn the end, Mark admitted that he had made a terrible mistake and apologised.

7.14 claim(v) \kleIm\maintainAlbert claims to have climbed Mount Everest but, of course, no one believes him.l claim(n)

Vocabulary builder7.15 fry(v) \fraI\

to cook food in hot fat or oilMary had fried meatballs and salad for lunch today.l fried(adj)

7.16 boil(v) \bOIl\when you cook sth in boiling waterWait for the water to boil first and then throw in the pasta.

7.17 grill(v) \grIl\when you cook sth using heat directly over or under itGeorge grilled the steaks and some vegetables which turned out absolutely delicious.

Reading7.1 top(v) \tÅp\

finish, garnishThe cake was topped with cherries and chocolate chips.

7.2 lick(off)(v) \lIk\touch with your tongueWhen his mother turned her back, the little boy touched the cake and then licked the chocolate off his fingers.

7.3 dish(n) \dIS\food, recipeShe really likes cooking; now she’s into making Chinese dishes.

7.4 jacketpotato(n) \ÆdZœkIt p´ÆteIt´U\

potato baked with its skin onJacket potatoes with butter is one of my favourite dishes!

7.5 slave(n) \sleIv\someone who is the property of another person and has to obey and work for that personHave you read ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin’? It’s the story of a slave and his family; a very good book.l slavery(n)

7.6 bitter(adj) \ÆbIt´\

unsweetenedI can’t drink coffee without any sugar at all; it’s very bitter.lbitterly(adv), bitterness(n)

7.7 toaster (n) \Æt´Ust´\

electric equipment used to toast breadThe rooms we let have a fully equipped kitchen, including dishes, knives and forks and a toaster.

7.8 bake(v) \beIk\to cook in the ovenMother is baking her delicious chocolate cake; I can’t wait to taste it!lbakery (n), baker(n)

7.9 oven(n) \Æøvn\

an electric piece of equipment in the kitchen that you use to cook food inDon’t touch the oven; it’s still very hot.

A Matter of Taste

�� UNIT �

7 A Matter of Taste

7.18 roast(v) \r´Ust\when you cook sth in the oven or over a fireShe roasted the chicken whole.l roast(adj)

7.19 ingredient(n) \InÆgri…di´nt\

component, elementIan realised he didn’t have all the ingredients so he didn’t make sushi after all.

7.20 cooker(n) \ÆkUk´\

a large piece of kitchen equipment that is used for cookingI can’t remember whether I turned the cooker off before leaving the house.

7.21 dairy(adj) \Æde´ri\

foods made of milkYou’ll find milk and yoghurt in the dairy products section of the supermarket.ldairy(n)

7.22 spicy(adj) \ÆspaIsi\

hotIndian food is quite spicy but I like it a lot; of course, I always drink a lot of water with it!l spice(n)

7.23 sour(adj) \ÆsaU´\

sth that has a sharp unpleasant taste like lemonEvery time we go to a Chinese restaurant, we order sweet and sour chicken; it’s our favourite.

7.24 passout(phr v) \ÆpA…s ÆaUt\

faintAn old lady passed out on the bus this morning and people helped her up; thankfully, she came round quickly.

7.25 backout(phr v) \Æbœk ÆaUt\

withdrawAt first, Luke wanted to become our business partner but later he backed out; I don’t know why.

7.26 runoutof(phr v) \Ærøn ÆaUt ´v, Åv\

have no more of sthWe are running out of time; this report should be ready in ten minutes.

7.27 dropout(phr v) \ÆdrÅp ÆaUt\

leave, give upOwen wanted to drop out of high school and get a job but fortunately his parents managed to persuade him against it.

7.28 fallout(phr v) \ÆfO…l ÆaUt\

argueRita and Fiona fell out yesterday but today they’re friends again.

7.29 cutout(phr v) \Ækøt ÆaUt\

give upThe only thing she has cut out from her diet was bread and she’s lost a lot of weight.

7.30 fryingpan(n) \ÆfraIIN Æpœn\

a pan with a long handle used for frying foodShe waited for the oil to heat in the frying pan and then she put in the onion and the other vegetables.

7.31 mixingbowl(n) \ÆmIksIN Æb´Ul\

a large bowl used for mixing ingredients together eg flour and butterWendy mixed the ingredients for the cake in the mixing bowl, she poured the mix into the baking tin and put it in the oven to bake.

7.32 servingspoon(n) \Æs‰…vIN Æspu…n\

a large spoon used to serve foodAlexia didn’t have a proper serving spoon for the rice so she used a normal one.

7.33 carvingknife(n) \ÆkA…vIN ÆnaIf\

a long, sharp knife used to cut cooked meatTony used a carving knife to cut the roast meat in thin slices.

7.34 bakingtray(n) \ÆbeIkIN ÆtreI\

a flat, shallow square tray used for baking things such as biscuitsWhen she took the baking tray out of the oven, the house was filled with an amazing smell of chocolate chip biscuits.

Listening7.35 bang(v, n) \bœN\

(make) a sudden loud noiseShe was furious; she banged the door and locked herself in her room.

7.36 sag(v) \sœg\hang down looselyThe shutters in the children’s room sagged so we’re having them fixed today.

UNIT � ��

7 A Matter of Taste

7.37 brink(n) \brINk\vergeMartha has been through so much lately that she’s on the brink of depression; I’m really worried about her.

Use of English 7.38 fortune(n) \

ÆfO…tS´n\

luck, fatePeter doesn’t believe in fortune tellers; he thinks they all trick you in order to get your money.l fortunate(adj), fortunately(adv)

7.39 occupy(v) \ÆÅkjUpaI\

invade, take overGermany occupied the biggest part of Europe during World War II.loccupation(n)

Workbook7.40 immigrant(n) \

ÆImIgr´nt\

settlerA boat carrying illegal immigrants arrived at the port yesterday. l immigrate(v)

7.41 prescription(n) \prIÆskrIpS´n\

instructions for medicine given by the doctorI couldn’t make out the doctor’s handwriting on the prescription but the pharmacist could.lprescribe(v)

7.42 saucepan(n) \ÆsO…sp´n\

panShe put the tomato sauce in the saucepan together with a little oil and basil and let it boil.

7.43 raw(adj) \rO…\fresh, uncookedSome people can eat meat that is almost raw; I always want my steak well done.

Opp.: cooked(adj)

7.44 flavour(n) \ÆfleIv´\

tasteShe had a milkshake with strawberry flavour.lflavoured(adj)

7.45 associate(v) \´Æs´UsiÆeIt\

connect, linkJazz music has always been associated with the Southern United States.

7.46 candlelit(adj) \ÆkœndlÆlIt\

lit by the light of candlesHe invited her to his house and offered a romantic candlelit dinner which he had prepared all by himself.

7.47 ideal(adj) \aIÆdI´l\

perfectThere is no such thing as an ideal job; there are always advantages and disadvantages.l ideally(adv)

7.48 attend(v) \´Ætend\

be present, turn upMany students are down with the flu so not many of them attended today’s classes.lattendance(n)

7.49 catering(n) \ÆkeIt´rIN\

preparing food and drink for a large number of peopleOlga has always been a great cook so she has recently decided to go into the catering business.l cater(v)

�� UNIT �

8 Out and About

Grammar clinic8.8 bullfight(n) \

ÆbUlÆfaIt\

a form of entertainment involving a man fighting and killing a bullBullfights are a traditional Spanish entertainment.lbullfighter(n)

Vocabulary builder8.9 holidayrep(n) \

ÆhÅlIdeI Ærep\

a person whose job is to look after people on a package holidayThe people complained to the holiday rep about the low standard of service at the hotel.

8.10 route(n) \ru…t\way, directionThe road to the village was blocked by a big rock that had fallen off the mountain.

8.11 customs(n) \Ækøst´mz\

the place (airports, borders etc) where officials check things brought into a countryTravellers in the countries of the European Community don’t have to declare goods at customs anymore.

8.12 handover(v) \Æhœnd Æ´Uv´\

pass sth to sb, giveWhen his mother asked him to hand over her mobile phone, he gave it to her immediately.

8.13 guidebook(n) \ÆgaIdÆbUk\

a book that gives tourists information about a placeBefore going to Austria, she bought the Rough Guide guidebook to find out where she should go and what places she should visit.

8.14 takesbagesto(phr) \ÆteIk Æsømb´di ÆeIdZIz t´\take sb a lot of time toThe new secretary is so slow; it took her ages to type one single letter.

8.15 pace(n) \peIs\speed, rateNot all students in a classroom learn at the same pace but that’s perfectly normal.

Reading8.1 daring(adj) \

Æde´rIN\

brave, boldI’m not as daring as you are; I’d never try bungee jumping. No way!ldare(v), daringly(adv)

8.2 stopover(n) \ÆstÅpÆ´Uv´\

short stay in a place before reaching your destinationThis flight to London is not direct; we’ll make a stopover in Paris.

8.3 jetlag(n) \ÆdZetÆlœg\

a feeling of tiredness after travelling many hours by aeroplane, especially between places with a big time differenceAfter flying for 10 hours from Athens to New York, Mike suffered from jet lag; it took him at least two days to recover.

8.4 impressive(adj) \ImÆpresIv\

exciting, movingThe students had been rehearsing this play all year and their efforts paid off; their performance was really impressive.l impress(v), impressed(adj)

Opp.: unimpressive(adj)

8.5 self-catering(adj) \Æself ÆkeIt´rIN\

a self-catering place is a place where you have to make your own mealsWe booked a self-catering room in Samos which had a fridge, a cooker and anything else you might need to prepare food.

8.6 resort(n) \rIÆzO…t\

holiday\tourist centreThey go to a ski resort in Italy where they spend their Christmas holidays every year.

8.7 headfor(v) \Æhed f´, fO…\

make for, go toAs soon as she entered the house, she headed for her bed; she was exhausted.

Out and About

UNIT � ��

8 Out and About

Use of English8.16 taketimeoffwork(phr) \ÆteIk ÆtaIm Åf

Æw‰…k\get permission not to go to workStephen took some time off work because he was moving house.

Writing 8.17 reasonable(adj) \

Æri…zn´bl\

sensible, logicalAt €15 per person, the prices at this restaurant are very reasonable.l reasonably(adv)

Opp.: unreasonable(adj)

8.18 response(n) \rIÆspÅns\

answer, reactionUnfortunately, their response was negative; they hired somebody else for the post Joy had been interviewed for.l respond(v)

8.19 atone’sconvenience(phr) \´t Æwønz k´n

Ævi…ni´ns\

at a time which is most suitable for sbI’d like to set an appointment with you at your earliest convenience.

Show you know!8.20 appoint(v) \´

ÆpOInt\

chooseLynn was appointed as manager of the company’s marketing section.

Workbook8.21 rug(n) \røg\

small carpetThe cat was lying peacefully on the rug in front of the fireplace.

8.22 shelter(v) \ÆSelt´\

protect, coverBrian sheltered in a coffee shop for about half an hour until the rain stopped.l shelter(n)

8.23 district(n) \ÆdIstrIkt\

areaThe business district in Hamburg is called City Nord and is on the northern side of Aussen Alster Lake.

8.24 attempt(v) \´Ætempt\

trySomebody attempted to murder the country’s Prime Minister this morning but fortunately he missed; the police are still after him.

8.25 desperate(adj) \Ædesp“´‘r´t\

daring, drasticShe is so desperate to leave her present job that she would be willing to take up any kind of job.ldesperately(adv)

�� UNIT �

9 Lab Report

9.8 discovery(n) \dIÆskøv“´‘ri\

finding, explorationRadium was a very important discovery made by Marie Curie.ldiscover(v)

9.9 carryout(phr v) \Ækœri ÆaUt\

perform, fulfil, realiseThe soldiers carried out the general’s orders right away.

9.10 gooff(phr v) \Æg´U ÆÅf\

stop liking sth you used to likeI used to like this café but now I’ve gone off it; I’ve found a new hangout.

9.11 makeoff(phr v) \ÆmeIk ÆÅf\

escape (after a crime)The robbers ran out of the bank and made off in a stolen car.

9.12 takeoff(phr v) \ÆteIk ÆÅf\

remove an item of clothingTed thought it was too hot in the room so he took off his sweater.

Opp.: puton(phr v)

9.13 putoff(phr v) \ÆpUt ÆÅf\

delay sth until a later timeThey had to put off the meeting because the reports weren’t ready yet.

9.14 turnoff(phr v) \Æt‰…n ÆÅf\

switch offLana turned off the lights and went to bed.

9.15 calloff(phr v) \ÆkO…l ÆÅf\

cancelThe flight to Zurich was called off due to very bad weather conditions.

Listening9.16 criminal(adj) \

ÆkrImInl\

unlawful, illegalThe man faces quite a few criminal charges – stealing cars, mugging – he will certainly do some time.

Reading9.1 keeptrackof (phr) \Æki…p

Ætrœk ´v, Åv\

have the latest and most accurate information about sb/sthHis family keep track of him although he’s been abroad for years.

Opp.:losetrackof(phr)

9.2 stock(n) \stÅk\goods, merchandiseThis bookshop never runs out of notebooks; they always have them in stock.l stock(v)

9.3 checkout(n) \ÆtSekaUt\

the counter at the shop where you pay for what you want to buyThere was such a long queue at the checkout in the clothes shop that I decided to go back another day and get the top that I wanted.

9.4 transmit(v) \trœnzÆmIt\

pass on, transferWhen you spoil a child, the message you are transmitting is that ‘no’ is not an answer.l transmitter(n), transmission(n)

9.5 grid(n) \grId\a network of wiresAfter the storm there was a breakdown in electric power grids.

Grammar clinic9.6 link(n) \lINk\

connectionIt is said that there is a link between smoking and lung cancer.l link (v)

Vocabulary builder9.7 invention(n) \In

ÆvenSn\

when you create sth that has never been made beforeThe wheel is considered to be man’s first and most important invention.l invent(v), inventor(n),

inventive(adj)

Lab Report

UNIT � ��

9 Lab Report

9.17 begoodvalueformoney(phr) \bi ÆgUd Ævœlju… f´

Æmøni\

sth is worth the money it costsShe bought this coat 10 years ago; it was a bit expensive but as you see it still looks new; it was good value for money.

9.18 sew(v) \s´U\join pieces of cloth together using a needle and thread She was sewing the seam at the side of her skirt that had come apart when she pricked her finger with the needle.l sewingmachine(n)

Use of English9.19 function(n) \

ÆføNkSn\

purpose, role, taskThe main function of this committee is the collection of money for charity.l function(v), functional(adj)

Opp.: dysfunctional(adj)

Workbook9.20 relyon(v) \rI

ÆlaI Ån\

depend onHenry is relying on you to help him with Maths for the test tomorrow.

9.21 animation (n) \ÆœnIÆmeISn\

cartoonSleeping Beauty is one of my favourite animation films; I’ve watched it a million times!lanimate(v), animated(adj)

9.22 set(n) \set\scenery, settingWhen everybody had taken their places on the set, the director counted down and the filming began.

9.23 cometolife(phr) \Ækøm t´ ÆlaIf\

become aliveThanks to Walt Disney and the development of animation technology, cartoon characters such as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck have come to life.

9.24 unfold(v) \ønÆf´Uld\

reveal, discloseIn the beginning of the book you know very little about Jason but then, slowly, his true character unfolds.

9.25 takeover(phr v) \ÆteIk Æ´Uv´\

get control, become the one in chargeWhen Julia was away with the flu, another teacher took over her class at school.

9.26 generate (v) \ÆdZen´reIt\

produce, create, give rise toSince Disney’s time, new ideas and new animation techniques have been generated.lgeneration(n)

9.27 inthefirstplace(phr) \In D´ Æf‰…st

ÆpleIs\the beginning of a situationLet’s take it from the beginning; why did you ask to see him in the first place?

9.28 contain(v) \k´nÆteIn\

include, consist ofBe careful with these documents; they contain some very important information.

9.29 pure(adj) \pjU´\absoluteIt was pure chance that I met him at the cinema; we hadn’t arranged it.lpurity(n), purely(adv)

9.30 checkout (phr v) \ÆtSek ÆaUt\

investigateThere’s a new restaurant in town; let’s go check it out tonight.

9.31 digitalcamera(n) \ÆdIdZItl Ækœm“´‘r´\

Digital cameras may be a bit expensive but the quality of their picture is amazing.

9.32 runaprogram(phr) \Ærøn ´ Æpr´Ugrœm\

operate, functionThe computer crashes every time it tries to run this program; there might be a virus in the program.

9.33 shutdown(phr v) \ÆSøt ÆdaUn\

stop, switch offWhen you finish, remember to shut the computer down properly.

9.34 advance(v) \´dÆvA…ns\

make progressComputer technology has advanced very rapidly in the last ten years.

9.35 cloning(n) \Ækl´UnIN\

the process of creating an exact copy of an animal, plant or humanSome people strongly disagree with the idea of cloning.l clone(v), (n)

�0 UNIT �

9 Lab Report

9.36 genetics(n) \dZ´ÆnetIks\

the study of genesGenetics has advanced so much nowadays that even the cloning of a person is possible.lgene(n), genetic(adj),

genetically(adv), geneticist(n)

9.37 cure(n) \kjU´\remedy, treatmentWe all hope that some day the cures for cancer and AIDS will be found.l cure(v), curable(adj),

incurable(adj)

9.38 moveahead(phr v) \Æmu…v ´Æhed\

advanceSpace technology is moving ahead day by day; soon space tourism will be possible for anybody.

UNIT 10 �1

10 Let Me Entertain You

10.10audience(n) \ÆO…di´ns\

spectatorsThe audience applauded enthusiastically at the end of the performance; they had enjoyed it extremely.

10.11leisuretime(phr) \ÆleZ´ ÆtaIm\

free timeHe usually reads books or goes to the theatre in his leisure time.

10.12exception(n) \IkÆsepSn\

special caseWith the exception of Claudia, everybody came to the dinner party.lexcept(for)(prep), exceptional

(adj), exceptionally(adv)

10.13facilities(n) \f´ÆsIl´tiz\

buildings, equipment, services provided for a particular purposeA swimming pool and a small spa are also included in the hotel’s facilities.

Grammar clinic10.14award(n) \´

ÆwO…d\

prizeJulia Roberts won the Oscar award for Best Actress for her part in Erin Brockovich.laward(v)

Vocabulary builder10.15rehearsal(n) \rI

Æh‰…sl\

practice, preparationThe two girls will start playing music at the club next month; for the time being, they’re having rehearsals in order to practice some more songs.l rehearse (v)

10.16audition(n) \O…ÆdISn\

test for a part in a film or playHow did the audition go? Do you think you got the part?laudition(v)

10.17play(n) \pleI\drama, dramatic pieceHe didn’t do well at the audition so he wasn’t chosen for the part in the play.

Reading10.1 brainless(adj) \

ÆbreInl´s\

stupidDon’t talk to me as if I was brainless; I know exactly what I’m talking about.lbrain(n)

10.2 comeupwith(phr v) \Ækøm Æøp wID,

wIT\think ofWe came up with the idea of throwing a surprise party for Tina’s birthday.

10.3 hit(n) \hIt\successThis song has become the hit of the summer; it’s on the radio all the time.

10.4 stuff(n) \støf\things, materialCan I leave my stuff here for a minute? I’ll be right back.

10.5 slightly(adv) \ÆslaItli\

a littleToday it’s slightly colder than yesterday; take something warm with you when you go outside.l slight(adj)

10.6 hilarious(adj) \hIÆle´ri´s\

funny, humourous, entertainingThe Mask with Jim Carey was hilarious; I couldn’t stop laughing.lhilariously(adv)

10.7 series(n) \ÆsI´ri…z\

a set of programmesBaywatch was an American series that was very popular and made Pamela Anderson known to the whole world.

10.8 cast(n) \kA…st\(group of) actorsThe Age of Innocence is a very good film with a great cast including Daniel Day Lewis, Michelle Pfeiffer and Winona Rider.

10.9 script(n) \skrIpt\text, dialogue, linesPersona is a film directed by Ingmar Bergman; the script is also his.l scriptwriter

Let Me Entertain You

�� UNIT 10

10 Let Me Entertain You

10.18critic(n) \ÆkrItIk\

reviewer, analystCritics seem to love Jude Law’s latest film.l criticism(n), critical(adj),

criticise(v)

10.19review(n) \rIÆvju…\

commentary, evaluationThe critics didn’t like the new film starring Johnny Depp and wrote bad film reviews.l review (v)

10.20stage(n) \steIdZ\the area in a theatre where the action happensThe moment the famous actress appeared on stage, the audience started to applaud.

10.21act(v) \œkt\performThis young student acted very well in the school play; I’m sure she’ll grow up to be an actress.lact(n), actor(n), actress(n)

10.22getajoke(phr) \Æget ´ ÆdZ´Uk\

understand a jokeEveryone was laughing except for her; she hadn’t got the joke.

10.23findajokefunny(phr) \ÆfaInd ´ ÆdZ´Uk Æføni\think that a joke is funny

10.24tellajoke(phr) \Ætel ´ ÆdZ´Uk\

say sth funnyTim told me a joke but I didn’t find it funny.

10.25havefun(phr) \Æhœv Æføn\

have a good timeWe had great fun at James’ party; everybody was in a good mood and we laughed a lot.

10.26makefunofsb (phr) \ÆmeIk Æføn ´v

Æsømb´di\laugh at sb, ridicule sbThe teacher punished the two students who were making fun of Stuart because he had slipped and fallen down.

Use of English10.27clap(v) \klœp\

applaudto hit your hands together to show you like somethingThe parents clapped when the little boy finished his poem at the school celebration.l clap(n)

10.28sizeable(adj) \ÆsaIz´bl\

fairly largeThe land that Jake inherited from his uncle is sizeable; he’s thinking of building a small hotel there.l size(n)

10.29decisive (adj) \dIÆsaIsIv\

determinedIt never takes him long to make a decision; I wish I were like him; I’m not decisive at all.ldecide(v), decision(n),

decisively(adv)Opp.: indecisive(adj)

10.30juggle(v) \ÆdZøgl\

throw and catch balls, a form of entertainmentGo to Covent Garden and you’ll see people juggling.l juggler(n)

10.31crowd(n) \kraUd\big group of people, audienceThe crowd were extremely entertained by the man who was juggling lit torches.l crowded (adj)

Writing10.32beunderpressure(phr) \bi Æønd´

ÆpreS´\be stressed Nick is under great pressure at work with all these deadlines he has to meet.

10.33escapeone’sproblems(phr) \IÆskeIp wønz

ÆprÅbl´mz\

avoid dealing with problemsEven if you try to escape your problems, they won’t go away; you’ll still have to face them at some point.

Show you know!10.34leadingactress(n) \Æli…dIN

Æœktr´s\

protagonistEmma Thompson is the leading actress in the film Dead again.

10.35option(n) \ÆÅpSn\

choiceHe had no option but to take the job he was offered; he had been unemployed for over a year.

UNIT 10 ��

10 Let Me Entertain You

10.36specialise(v) \ÆspeS´ÆlaIz\

know a lot about sth, be an expertHe’s a film critic and specialises in silent films; he knows everything about that first stage of cinema.l specialist (n)

Workbook10.37participant(n) \pA…

ÆtIsIp´nt\

sb who takes part in an activity, game, etcThe participants gathered all together to hear the rules of the game for one last time.lparticipate(v)

10.38gradually(adv) \ÆgrœdZu´li\

step by stepShe gradually got used to the new school; after a few months she was friends with everybody.

10.39gossip(n) \ÆgÅsIp\

chatThe two girls hadn’t met for a while so as soon as they got together they had a good gossip.lgossip(v), gossipy(adj)

10.40goofftheair(phr) \g´U ÆÅf Di Æe´\

stop being broadcastThe show game wasn’t successful so after a month it went off the air.

10.41dim(v) \dIm\darken, fadeHe dimmed the lights to create a more romantic atmosphere.

10.42sexist(adj) \ÆseksIst\

believing that men and women should be treated differentlyI can’t stand his sexist comments; how can anybody still think nowadays that men are superior to women?l sexist(n), sex(n), sexism(n)

10.43racist(adj) \ÆreIsIst\

believing that different races are inferiorHe likes telling racist jokes about black people; the sad thing is that some people do laugh when they hear them.l race(n), racist(n), racism(n)

10.44capture(v) \ÆkœptS´\

catch, arrest, take as prisonerThe hunter captured a zebra and took it to the zoo.

�� UNIT 11

11 The Learning Curve

11.8 compulsory(adj) \k´mÆpøls´ri\

obligatory, imperativeEnglish is a compulsory subject at both primary and secondary school.

Vocabulary builder11.9 suspend(v) \s´

Æspend\

forbid a student to come to school as punishmentThe teacher suspended them for two days because they got into a fight with each other.l suspension(n)

11.10breakup (phr v) \ÆbreIk Æøp\

start a school holidayWhen do schools break up for summer?

11.11prefect(n) \Æpri…fekt\

a student with extra responsibilitiesShe was always the best student in class that’s why the teacher chose her to be the prefect.

11.12expel(v) \IkÆspel\

throw outHe was expelled from school because he had missed a month’s lessons without any reason.

11.13obey(v) \´ÆbeI\

carry out, followThe soldiers in an army have no choice but to obey the orders of their superiors.lobedient(adj)

11.14runsbover (phr v) \Ærøn Æsømb´di Æ´Uv´\

knock down, hitOur dog was run over by a truck yesterday; we’re all very sad.

11.15getover(phr v) \Æget Æ´Uv´\

recover from, get betterShe was down with the flu for a few days but now she has got over it.

11.16looksthover(phr v) \ÆlUk ÆsømTIN Æ´Uv´\examine sth very carefullyHe looked over the contract at the meeting and signed it.

11.17comeover(phr v) \Ækøm Æ´Uv´\

come to a placeShe came over after work to bring me the book that I had lent to her.

11.1 learningcurve(phr) \Æl‰…nIN Æk‰…v\

the process of learning from one’s mistakesHe’s at a learning curve in his job at the moment; he was completely inexperienced when he started a month ago and he’s made a lot of mistakes, of course, but he’s learning very quickly.

Reading11.2 legal(adj) \

Æli…gl\

lawfulThe employee was fired for no apparent reason; he’s decided to take action so he wants some legal advice as he doesn’t know what to do.l legally(adv)

Opp.: illegal(adj)

11.3 bully(v) \ÆbUli\

push around, intimidate, terroriseThe older students used to bully me when I was at school; they would take my bag and throw my books away or they would even hit and kick me.lbully (n)

11.4 fitinwith(phr v) \ÆfIt ÆIn wID, wIT\

be part of a situation or a systemHe never managed to fit in with the rest of the children at school; he was always very shy and kept to himself.

11.5 makeanexcuse(phr) \ÆmeIk ´n Ik

Æskju…s\

explain, apologise forHe tried to make an excuse for coming home late but it was of no use; his parents were mad and grounded him for a week.

11.6 understanding(n) \Æønd´ÆstœndIN\

perception, knowledge, insightWhen she explained the problem to her boss, he showed understanding and gave her two days off work.lunderstand(v),

understanding(adj)

11.7 playtruant(phr) \ÆpleI Ætru…´nt\

stay away from school without permissionIt’s the second time that Paul has played truant; if his parents find out, they’ll punish him.

The Learning Curve

UNIT 11 ��

11 The Learning Curve

11.18turnover(thepage)(phr v) \Æt‰…n Æ´Uv´\change to the next pageThe students turned over the page of the test paper and realised there were more questions that they had to answer.

11.19passover(atopic)(phr v) \ÆpA…s Æ´Uv´\

choose not to talk about sthWhen they meet, they usually pass over Kathy’s divorce; she doesn’t like to talk about it.

11.20putsthover(phr v) \ÆpUt ÆsømTIN Æ´Uv´\

get sth acrossHe’s a very good Maths teacher because he manages to put over to his students mathematical theories which are quite difficult.

11.21havesthinone’smind(phr ) \hœv ÆsømTIN In wønz

ÆmaInd\

imagine sth a certain wayI have this thing in my mind, that I quit my job and travel all around the world for as long as it takes.

11.22havesthatthebackofone’smind(phr) \Æhœv ÆsømTIN ´t D´ bœk ´v wønz ÆmaInd\be aware of sth but not think about it a lotLearning German has always been at the back of my mind but it never seemed a good time to start, until now.

11.23keepanopenmind(phr) \Æki…p ´n Æ´Up´n

ÆmaInd\

do not rush into making a decision or forming an opinionWhen you travel to a foreign country things may be different but you must try to keep an open mind about everything.

11.24getsthoutofone’smind(phr ) \Æget sømTIN aUt ´v wønz

ÆmaInd\

try to forget about sthIf it upsets you so much, try to get it out of your mind; stop thinking about it.

Listening11.25caretaker(n) \

Æke´ÆteIk´\

warden, keeperThe lock of the school gate was broken so the students let the caretaker know; he’ll arrange for it to be fixed.

Use of English11.26corporalpunishment(phr) \ÆkO…p“´‘r´l

ÆpønISm´nt\punishing people by hitting themIn the past, teachers used to exercise corporal punishment; if a student got noisy during the lesson, the teacher would hit him with a ruler.

11.27settledown(phr v) \Æsetl ÆdaUn\

become calm, concentrate on sthEthan was quite restless as a teenager but now he has settled down and has become the best student in his class.

11.28oppose(v) \´Æp´Uz\

be againstThey strongly opposed the idea of sending their children to private schools; state schools are just as good.lopposition (n)

11.29vote(n) \v´Ut\to make a choice between two issues or peopleJenny would have become president of her class but for one vote; she got 12 votes while the boy who won got 13.lvote(v), voter(n)

Writing11.30onwards(adv) \

ÆÅnw´dz\

from then onShe had her first child at the age of 26 and from then onwards her life was never the same again.

11.31seniorhigh(AM)(n) \Æsi…ni´ ÆhaI\

the last three years of high school

11.32secondaryschool(BRIT)(n) \Æsek´nd“´‘ri\

a school children attend between 11 and 1� years old

11.33sixthform(BRIT)(n)\ÆsIksT ÆfO…m\\

the last two years of secondary school

11.34primaryschool(BRIT)(n) \ÆpraIm´ri Æsku…l\

a school children attend between � and 11 years old

11.35elementaryschool(AM)(n) \elI

Æment“´‘ri Æsku…l\

a primary school

�� UNIT 11

11 The Learning Curve

11.36juniorhigh(AM)(n) \ÆdZu…ni´ ÆhaI\

the first three years of high school

11.37highschool(BRIT)(n) \ÆhaI Æsku…l\

a secondary school

11.38nurseryschool(n) \Æn‰…s“´‘ri Æsku…l\\

a school for children before primary school

Workbook11.39sthmeetsone’sneeds(phr) \ÆsømTIN

Æmi…ts wønz Æni…dz\

sth satisfies youThis monolingual English dictionary meets an advanced learner’s needs.

11.40organic(adj) \O…ÆgœnIk\

natural, biologicalShe buys only organic fruit and vegetables, especially now that she has the baby.lorganically(adv)

11.41enrol(v) \InÆr´Ul\

officially join a school or a courseRoberta decided to study Linguistics and enrolled at the University of Reading.lenrolment(n)

11.42dedicated(adj) \ÆdedIÆkeItId\

devoted, committed, enthusiasticCryssa is a dedicated follower of fashion; she buys all the latest designs.ldedicate(v), dedication(n)

11.43carpenter(n) \ÆkA…p´nt´\

a person whose job it is to make things out of woodJohn’s grandfather was a carpenter; this bookcase is only one of the things he made in his life.l carpentry (n)

11.44balance(v) \Æbœl´ns\

stabilise, steadyHe doesn’t go out often now because he’s trying to balance his expenses and his income; lately he has been spending quite a lot of money.lbalance(n)

11.45alternative(n) \O…lÆt‰…n´tIv\

choice, optionWe had to do as he said; there was no alternative.lalternative(adj)

11.46remarkable(adj) \rIÆmA…k´bl\

extraordinary, outstandingAlex has a remarkable memory; he remembers little things that happened years ago.

11.47renowned(adj) \rIÆnaUnd\

famous, well-knownMaria Callas was a renowned opera singer; she was famous all around the world.l renown(n)

11.48unique(adj) \ju…Æni…k\

unparalleled, incomparableThis antique chair is unique; you’ll never find anything anywhere as beautiful as this.luniquely(adv), uniqueness(n)

11.49united(adj) \ju…ÆnaItId\

unifiedThe workers at the factory were united and they all went on a strike asking for higher wages.lunit (n), unity(n)

11.50inquire(v) \InÆkwaI´\

ask, examineHe inquired after Kate’s mother, who was in hospital.l inquiry(n)

11.51inspire(v) \InÆspaI´\

encourage, stimulate, exciteThe peaceful landscape inspired the painter who created one of his most beautiful paintings.l inspiration(n), inspiring(adj)

UNIT 1� ��

12 Fighting Fit

12.9 flat(adj) \flœt\even, leveled, smoothHe mostly exercises his abdominals because he wants to get a flat stomach.

12.10drawback (n) \ÆdrO…Æbœk\

disadvantageThere are advantages to working in the country but there are some drawbacks, too.

Opp.: advantage

12.11certificate(n) \s´ÆtIfIk´t\

official document, licenceNow that she has her Proficiency certificate in English, it will be easier to get a job.l certify(v)

12.12vary(v) \Æve´ri\

change, differAlthough the type of films they show at this cinema varies, it’s usually modern films by independent directors.lvariety (n), varied(adj)

Grammar clinic12.13heartattack(phr) \

ÆhA…t ´Ætœk\

The man was sitting at his desk, working, when suddenly he fainted and fell on the floor; he had had a heart attack.

12.14clumsy(adj) \Æklømzi\

awkward, uncoordinatedThis waitress is very clumsy; this is the third time she has dropped the tray.l clumsily(adv), clumsiness(n)

12.15surgeon(n) \Æs‰…dZ“´‘n\

a doctor trained to operate on peopleThe surgeon came out of the operating room after 10 hours and told the patient’s relatives that the surgery had been very successful.l surgery(n)

Vocabulary builder12.16diagnosis(n) \ÆdaI´g

Æn´UsIs\

examination, opinionAccording to the first doctor’s diagnosis, his stomach pain was the result of a lot of stress.ldiagnose (v)

12.1 keepfit(phr) \Æki…p ÆfIt\

keep your body in good condition by working outShe goes to the gym every day; that’s how she manages to keep fit.

Reading12.2 getinshape(phr) \Æget In

ÆSeIp\

get fitOver the last few months she has put on some weight; she has to find a way to get back in shape.

12.3 membershipfees(phr) \Æmemb´SIp

Æfi…z\enrolment chargesThe membership fees at this tennis club are not high; you only pay € 20 per month and you get to book a court as many times a week as you want.

12.4 fortune(n) \ÆfO…tS´n\

riches, propertyThey spent a fortune to buy the house; it was really very expensive.

12.5 workout (phr v) \Æw‰…k ÆaUt\

exerciseWorking out even for just half an hour every day helps you keep in good shape.lworkout (n)

12.6 trainer(n) \ÆtreIn´\

coachIf you haven’t ever exercised, it would be better to follow the advice of a trainer, at least in the beginning, so as not to hurt your muscles.l train (v)

12.7 treatment(n) \Ætri…tm´nt\

care, therapyIf you become a member at this gym, you get a beauty treatment for free once a month.l treat(v)

12.8 annual(adj) \Æœnju´l\

once a yearThe annual book exhibition opens next week.lannually(adv)

Fighting Fit

�� UNIT 1�

12 Fighting Fit

12.17allergy(n) \Æœl´dZi\

sensitivityShe is allergic to strawberries; if she eats strawberries, her face gets covered in red spots.lallergic(adj)

12.18symptom(n) \ÆsImpt´m\

sign, warningUsually, the symptoms of flu are weakness, temperature and pains in the bones.

12.19GP(n) \ÆdZi… Æpi…\

(short for) General PractitionerHe had had a sore throat for quite a few days so he decided to go to a GP and have it checked.

12.20injection(n) \InÆdZekSn\

the process of putting a drug into your body with a needlevaccinationThe patient has to be given an injection every eight hours.l inject (v)

12.21makeafuss(phr) \ÆmeIk ´ Æføs\

become angry They’re five minutes late; so what? Why are you making such a fuss?

12.22financial(adj) \faIÆnœnSl\

economicTom’s financial situation isn’t very good at the moment so he’s looking for a second job.lfinance (n)

Use of English12.23congratulateon(v) \k´n

ÆgrœtSUÆleIt Ån\

compliment, wish joy to He congratulated them on their wedding and wished them all the happiness in the world.l congratulations(n)

12.24succeedin(v) \s´kÆsi…d In\

make it, be successful, thriveHe made it! Ian succeeded in getting into University! He’s going to be an architect!l success(n), successful(adj),

unsuccessful(adj)Opp.:fail(v)

12.25alternativemedicine(n) \Æmedsn\

cure, remedy from a non-conventional doctorI’m using alternative medicine to cure my allergies.lmedicinal(adj)

12.26effective (adj) \IÆfektIv\

efficient, usefulThe first medication the doctor gave me wasn’t very effective and the symptoms were still there so he had to change it.

Opp.:ineffective(adj)

12.27acupuncture(n) \ÆœkjUÆpøNktS´\

using needles to help with pain or addictionShe has tried a couple of alternative treatments for her migraines; at the moment, she’s trying acupuncture.lacupuncturist(n)

12.28stick(v) \stIk\poke, pierce

12.29needle(n) \Æni…dl\

I hate it when nurses give me injections and stick a needle in my flesh.

Writing12.30chargefor(v) \

ÆtSA…dZ f´, fO…\

ask for an amount of money to be paid for a service doneHow much do you charge your students for an hour of English?

12.31resident(n) \ÆrezId“´‘nt\

inhabitant The residents in this block of flats are very friendly; we have no problems whatsoever with our neighbours.

Show you know!12.32beoff(tosomewhere)(phr) \bi

ÆÅf t´,

tU\leaveAlright, it’s late; I’m off. See you all tomorrow.

12.33overnight(adv) \Æ´Uv´ÆnaIt\

all through the night, at some time during the nightIt was freezing cold last night and it snowed so much overnight that in the morning everything was covered in snow.

Workbook12.34maintain(v) \meIn

ÆteIn\

preserve, sustainOver the years, he has maintained a couple of friendships from school.lmaintenance(n)

UNIT 1� ��

12 Fighting Fit

12.35restore(v) \rIÆstO…\

fix, mendThe two countries are willing to try to restore peace between their nations.l restoration(n)

12.36posture(n) \ÆpÅstS´\

positionDon’t walk like that, bending forwards. It’s not nice. You have to mind your posture and stand straight.

12.37(putsb)atease(phr) \´t Æi…z\

relaxHe took a month off to put his mind at ease; he’s been through a lot lately.

12.38contemporary(adj) \k´nÆtemp“´‘r´ri\

modernContemporary artists exhibit their works in The Museum of Modern Art.

12.39paysbavisit(phr) \ÆpeI Æsømb´di ´ ÆvIzIt\visit sbWhy don’t you pay us a visit some time this week? We’d be glad to see you.

12.40glue(v) \glu…\stickThe baby was glued to her mother and didn’t want anybody else to hold her.lglue(n)

12.41hectic(adj) \ÆhektIk\

busy, franticThe situation at the office today was hectic; we had meetings one after the other and the phones were ringing all the time. Absolutely crazy!

12.42conveniencefood(n) \k´n

Ævi…ni´ns Æfu…d\

frozen, dried or canned food that can be prepared very easilyThis is no healthy diet you have; you can’t go on eating convenience food every day.

�0 UNIT 1�

13 Art Attack

13.10tempting(adj) \ÆtemptIN\

attractive, invitingThe dish looks tempting I have to admit, but I’m on a diet so I won’t try it.l tempt(v)

13.11blobofpaint(n) \ÆblÅb ´v ÆpeInt\

drop\lump\mass of paintModern art with paintings covered in blobs of paint of different colours is beyond my understanding; I like clear-cut figures and shapes.

13.12spoil(v) \spOIl\ruin, damageThe sketch is beautiful like that, in black and white; I think that if you colour it, you will spoil it.

13.13display(v) \dIÆspleI\

exhibit, showThe students held an art exhibition at the school and displayed their works of art; they were all very beautiful.ldisplay(n)

Grammar clinic13.14sculpture(n) \

ÆskølptS´\

a work of art made of stone, clay, marble, etcThey decorated the square with a modern sculpture by a new artist; it depicts a mermaid.l sculpt(v), sculptor(n)

Vocabulary builder13.15easel(n) \

Æi…zl\

a wooden frame that holds a picture when it is being paintedThe artist wasn’t inspired; he looked at the blank canvas on the easel but couldn’t pick up the brush and start painting.

13.16frame(n) \freIm\the wood, metal or plastic fitted around a pictureAs she was dusting the shelves, she knocked over the photo of her parents and the frame broke; she now has to buy a new one.

Reading13.1 genius(n) \

ÆdZi…ni´s\

master, expert, mastermindAlthough Einstein proved to be a genius, he was a bad student at school and teachers even thought he was stupid.

13.2 allittakes(phr) \ÆO…l It ÆteIks\

the only thing requiredLearning to drive a car is easy; not being afraid of it is all it takes.

13.3 medium(n) \Æmi…di´m\

means, instrumentFilm and theatre is an artistic medium of communication.

13.4 sketch(v) \sketS\drawThe artist used coal to sketch her portrait and he did it in no time; it turned out very beautiful.l sketch(n)

13.5 missout(phr) \ÆmIs ÆaUt\

fail to includeShe photocopied the whole book herself but she missed out a couple of pages; look, pages 34 and 78 aren’t here.

13.6 abstract(adj) \Æœbstrœkt\

theoretical, general, indefiniteHis paintings are quite abstract; the figures of the people in them aren’t clear at all.

Opp.:concrete(adj),figurative(adj)

13.7 sthoccurstosb(phr) \ÆsømTIN ´Æk‰…z t´

Æsømb´di\have an ideaThe author had had writer’s block for days when suddenly the idea for a new novel occurred to him.

13.8 rubout(phr) \Ærøb ÆaUt\

clean, wipe outDon’t worry. If you make a mistake you can always rub it out and start again.

13.9 struggle(v) \Æstrøgl\

try hard, striveShe’s got three jobs; she works very hard and she struggles to make a living.l struggle(n)

Art Attack

UNIT 1� �1

13 Art Attack

Speaking13.17beshortoftime(phr) \bi ÆSO…t ´v

ÆtaIm\

not have enough timeI’m short of time this week but we’ll surely arrange to get together next week.

Use of English13.18demolish(v) \dI

ÆmÅlIS\

pull downThey demolished the old house and they are going to build a new block of flats in its place.

13.19takesbforsbelse(phr) \ÆteIk Æsømb´di f´ Æsømb´di

Æels\

think that sb is sb elseI’m really sorry; I took you for my friend; you’ve got exactly the same hairdo and from behind I thought you were her.

13.20putupwith (phr v) \ÆpUt Æøp wID, wIT\

tolerateI can’t put up with her any more; she’s always making my life difficult at work.

Workbook13.21concrete(n) \

ÆkÅnkri…t\

With no greenery at all in the city centre and with all these buildings made of concrete, Athens looks ugly.

13.22grand(adj) \grœnd\large, impressiveOne can still see how grand the Coliseum was; people from all over the world still admire it.lgrandeur(n)

13.23scale(n) \skeIl\sizeThis map is on a scale of 1:10,000.

13.24entire(adj) \InÆtaI´\

wholeThe teacher rejected the entire project saying that it was nothing like what he had asked.lentirely(adv), entirety(n)

13.25concept(n) \ÆkÅnsept\

abstract idea, notionBeauty as a concept is very abstract and subjective; what I think is beautiful, you may think is ugly.l conceive (v)

13.26establish(v) \IÆstœblIS\

foundThe young painter was very good and with his very first exhibition established himself among the most promising artists of his generation.lestablishment(n)

13.27dimension(n) \daIÆmenSn\

measurement In geometry you have to imagine the shape in space as having all three dimensions, length, height and width.ldimensional(adj)

�� UNIT 1�

14 Game, Set and Match

14.8 discus(n) \ÆdIsk´s\

a heavy round flat dish-shaped object which athletes throw as part of a sports event; the name of the sports event in which a discus is thrownThe world’s record for the men’s discus is a throw of 74 metres.

14.9 javelin(n) \ÆdZœv´lIn\

a long spear-like object which athletes throw as part of a sports event; the name of the sports event in which a discus is thrownThe world’s record for the women’s javelin is a throw of almost 72 metres.

14.10runningrace(n) \ÆrønIN ÆreIs\

a sports event where athletes compete to see who can run the fastestOne of the highlights of the 2004 Olympics was the marathon, a running race of 42.95 kilometres.

14.11wrestling(n) \ÆreslIN\

a sport where one athlete tries to ‘push’ and hold an opponent downThe winner of the wrestling competition managed to gain points by quickly gaining control over his opponent.lwrestle(v)

14.12ban(v) \bœn\prohibit, banish, excludeThey suggested banning all imported American products as a way of protesting against the war.

14.13shooting(n) \ÆSu…tIN\

a sport where a gun is fired at a targetI think shooting is a difficult part of the pentathlon.l shoot(v), shooter(n)

14.14fencing(n) \ÆfensIN\

a sport where two athletes ‘fight’ using long thin swordsI enjoyed the fencing in the Zorro films.

Reading14.1 champion(n) \

ÆtSœmpi´n\

winner, title holderHe trains hard and dreams of being an Olympic champion one day.l championship(n)

14.2 origin(n) \ÆÅrIdZIn\

root, start, birthHis stomach pain is nothing physical; stress is its origin.loriginal(adj), originally(adv),

originate(v)

14.3 all-round(adj) \ÆO…l ÆraUnd\

good at different sports, skillsHe always beats me at all board games we play; he’s a great all-round player.

14.4 defeat(v) \dIÆfi…t\

beatOur basketball school team defeated the others at the tournament.ldefeat(n)

Opp.:loseto(v)

14.5 opponent(n) \´Æp´Un´nt\

competitor, contestantHe tries to study his opponent and predict his moves; that’s what makes him a great chess player.

14.6 pentathlon(n) \penÆtœTl´n\

a sports event in which an athlete competes in five different sports: shooting, fencing, swimming, riding, runningThe pentathlon was an important part of the ancient Olympic games – although the sports involved were different from those in the modern competition.

14.7 longjump(n) \ÆlÅN ÆdZømp\

a sports event in which the athlete who jumps the farthest winsOlympic long jump champions are able to jump almost nine metres.

Game, Set and Match

UNIT 1� ��

14 Game, Set and Match

14.15heptathlon(n) \hepÆtœTl´n\

a two-day sports event in which an athlete competes in seven different sports: the �0m race, the long jump, the shot put, the �0m hurdles, the pole vault and the 100m raceCompeting in the heptathlon takes a lot of training and different skills.

14.16tough(adj) \tøf\strong, difficultOne has to be tough to be good at wrestling since it is quite an aggressive sport.l toughen(v), toughness(n)

14.17bronze(adj) \brÅnz\a metal used to make many things, including the medal awarded to the athlete who finishes in third place in a sporting eventMy brother won a bronze medal in the local athletic competition.

14.18shotput(n) \ÆSÅt ÆpUt\

a sports event where an athlete throws a heavy metal ball (called a shot) as far as he canThe shot put is said to be based on an ancient Scottish game where people tried to throw heavy stones as far as they could.

14.19hurdles(n) \Æh‰…dlz\

a type of race in which people must jump over a series of structures (also called hurdles) placed along the trackWinning the hurdles requires skill as well as speed.

14.20polevault(phr) \Æp´Ul ÆvO…lt\

a sports event in which an athlete uses a long pole to help him/her jump over a high barIn the pole vault, athletes have three chances to jump over the bar.

14.21longrace(phr) \ÆlÅN ÆreIs\

a running race which covers a distance of 1�00 metresTo be successful in the long race, an athlete must have a lot of determination and energy.

14.22stamina(n) \ÆstœmIn´\

endurance, energyAthletes need more stamina to be good at the long race than they need for the running race.

14.23tip(n) \tIp\piece of adviceHere are some useful tips regarding body care during the summer.

14.24master(v) \ÆmA…st´\

learn very wellAfter only a few months the young boy mastered the violin and he became an excellent violinist.

Grammar clinic14.25referee(n) \Æref´

Æri…\

judge for games and sports such as football, basketball, wrestling, boxing, rugbyBekham was sent off for shouting at the referee.l referee(v)

Vocabulary builder14.26umpire(n) \

ÆømpaI´\

judge for games and sports such as tennis, volleyball, badminton, table tennis, baseball, cricket

14.27trainers (n) \ÆtreIn´z\

training shoesShe needs to buy a new pair of trainers for jogging because the old pair has worn out.

14.28turninto(phr v) \Æt‰…n ÆInt´,

ÆIntU\

becomeWhen he got promoted he turned into such an arrogant, rude person that I didn’t want to speak to him any more.

14.29takeafter(phr v) \ÆteIk ÆA…ft´\

resembleMike is very talented when it comes to playing the piano; he takes after his grandfather.

14.30bringforward(phr v) \ÆbrIN ÆfO…w´d\

put forward, arrange for sth to take place earlierThey decided to bring the meeting forward because the manager has to leave on an urgent business trip. Opp.:putback

14.31getawaywith(phr v) \Æget ´ÆweI wID,

wIT\escape withThieves got away with jewels worth €300,000.

�� UNIT 1�

14 Game, Set and Match

14.32lookinto(phr v) \ÆlUk ÆInt´,

ÆIntU\

investigateThe bank robbers managed to get away with €3,000,000 in an expensive sports car; the police are looking into this case.

14.33lookafter(phr v) \ÆlUk ÆA…ft´\

take care ofA babysitter is looking after the baby while Anne is at work in the mornings.

Speaking14.34infamous(adj) \

ÆInf´m´s\

notoriousSome famous hip-hop singers are infamous for their racist attitude.

Show you know! 14.35track(n) \trœk\

path, wayThe runners took their places on the athletics track and got ready for the running race.

14.36cheer(v) \tSI´\encourage, applaudThe crowd cheered as the runner came closer to the finishing line.

14.37pitch(n) \pItS\a field on which football or other sports is playedThe injured player managed to walk off the pitch but was taken to hospital for a thorough examination.

14.38optician(n) \ÅpÆtISn\

a person who tests your eyesHe went to the optician’s and ordered a new pair of glasses.

14.39victim(n) \ÆvIktIm\

casualty, suffererThe man had shot the victim twice.

Workbook14.40sip(v) \sIp\

drink, tasteThe ladies were sipping their tea while the men were smoking in the other room.

14.41ballpark(n) \ÆbO…lÆpA…k\

the park\stadium where baseball is played

14.42stick(n) \stIk\caneThe old man grabbed a stick and started threatening the children who were making noise.

14.43spikes(n) \spaIks\a special kind of running shoesThe spikes worn by the players saved them from slipping and falling during the match.

14.44pitcher(n) \ÆpItS´\

the person who throws the ball to the batterThe pitcher threw the ball too low and the batter missed it.

14.45bat(v) \bœt\hit with a batThe boy was practising batting the baseball together with his father.lbatter(n)

14.46rusty(adj) \Ærøsti\

corrodedThe iron legs of the old table in the garden are all rusty; we should either paint them or throw the table away.l rust(n)

14.47inarow(phr) \In ´ Ær´U\

one after the other, without a breakWe went to the cinema three days in a row.

14.48gladiator(n) \ÆglœdiÆeIt´\

an ancient Roman fighter, who fought against wild animals or other gladiators in arenas in order to entertain the publicRussel Crowe played a gladiator in the film.

14.49breakout(phr v) \ÆbreIk ÆaUt\

begin suddenly (for war, fight, disease)When did World War II break out?

14.50puck(n) \pøk\a small rubber disc used instead of a ball in ice hockeyThe ice hockey player hit the puck and scored a point.

14.51PEteacher(n) \Æpi… Æi… Æti…tS´\

a teacher of physical education

UNIT 1� ��

15 Up in Smoke

15.10species(n) \Æspi…Si…z\

kind, breedThe grey wolf used to be an endangered species but now it is only threatened.

15.11becomeextinct (phr) \bIÆkøm IkÆstINkt\

be dead\lostDinosaurs became extinct millions of years ago.

15.12survival(n) \s´ÆvaIvl\

remaining alive, living onSome endangered wild animals struggle for survival; unless we help them, they will become extinct.l survive (v)

15.13extract(v) \IkÆstrœkt\

obtain, take outShe knows how to extract the essence from the petals of the rose and make her own perfume.lextractor(n)

15.14protest (v) \pr´Ætest\

object to, demonstrateMembers of the WWF organisation are protesting in the city centre against the logging of the rainforests.lprotest(n)

15.15habitat(n) \ÆhœbIÆtœt\

the home of an animal or plantI’m against zoos; animals should be free to live in their natural habitats.

15.16donation(n) \d´UÆneISn\

contribution, giftThe private school is supported by donations; in case they ever stopped, they would have no money to pay the teachers.ldonate(v)

Vocabulary builder15.17green(adj) \gri…n\

ecological, environment-friendlyThis shop is green; it sells products of organic farming and any package is recyclable.

15.18litter(n) \ÆlIt´\

rubbishThe pupils of the local school spent the day picking up the litter from the streets of the town.

Reading15.1 rainforest(n) \

ÆreInÆfÅr´st\

thick forest with tall trees in tropical areas with a lot of rainThe Amazon rainforest is in danger due to logging; a lot of trees are being cut down every year.

15.2 campaign (n) \kœmÆpeIn\

movement, crusadeThe politician’s election campaign was very successful as he gained a lot of new voters.l campaign (v)

15.3 vital(adj) \ÆvaItl\

crucial, critical, essentialHis participation in the project is vital; we won’t be successful without him.lvitally(adv), vitality(n)

15.4 clear(v) \klI´\remove everything, sweep awayShe asked the kids to clear the table after dinner and she washed the dishes.

15.5 cattle(n) \Ækœtl\

cows and bullsLook at these horses and the cattle grazing in the field; they all belong to your granddad.

15.6 average(adj) \Æœv“´‘rIdZ\

usual, typical, normalHow much does an average employee earn today?

15.7 globalwarming (phr) \Ægl´Ubl ÆwO…mIN\

gradual rise of the earth’s temperatureGlobal warming has caused great climatic changes all around the world.

15.8 gases(n) \ÆgœsIz\

fumesThe atmosphere is filled with poisonous gases due to the great number of cars.

15.9 greenhouseeffect (phr) \Ægri…nhaUs

IÆfekt\The greenhouse effect is an extremely important environmental problem which needs every country’s attention.

Up in Smoke

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15 Up in Smoke

15.19endangeredspecies(n) \InÆdeIndZ´d Æspi…Si…z\species of animals facing extinctionThe polar bear is an endangered species.

15.20bottlebank(phr) \ÆbÅtl ÆbœNk\

a large container in which people throw empty glass bottles to be recycledIn this neighbourhood there’s a bottle bank every three blocks; therefore, recycling is very easy.

15.21environmentallyfriendly(adj) \InÆvaIr´nmentli

Æfrendli\

greenThe wrapping of this chocolate is fully biodegradable and therefore environmentally friendly.

15.22naturelover(phr) \ÆneItS´ Æløv´\

a person who cares about the environment and tries to protect it George is a true nature lover; he recycles everything in the house and commutes by bicycle.

15.23acidrain(phr) \ÆœsId ÆreIn\

harmful chemicals in the air which the rain carries down to the ground Another major environmental problem is acid rain which is extremely harmful.

15.24litterbin(n) \ÆlIt´ ÆbIn\

a small container for throwing in litterWhy did you throw the paper on the street? The litter bin is right here, didn’t you see it?

15.25fruitful(adj) \Æfru…tf´l\

useful, effectiveThe conversation we had was very fruitful and we both agreed on a certain course of action.l fruitfully(adv)

Use of English 15.26council(n) \

ÆkaUnsl\

board, committeeThe city council is raising money for the planting of more trees in the area.

15.27taketothestreets(phr v) \ÆteIk t´ D´ Æstri…ts\protest in the streetsPeople all around the world took to the streets trying to prevent the war in Iraq but it didn’t make a difference.

15.28warning(n) \ÆwO…nIN\

sign, alarmTake my words as a warning; next time you do something like this I will not try to explain anything.lwarn(v)

15.29puffin(n) \ÆpøfIn\

A black and white bird with a brightly coloured beakI enjoyed seeing the puffins when I visited the zoo.

15.30ensure(v) \InÆSO…\

make sureHave them sign a contract to ensure that they will pay you the sum of money you have agreed.

Writing15.31beputoff(phr v) \bi ÆpUt

ÆÅf\

be discouragedI wanted to try sushi but I was put off when my friend explained to me that sushi is actually raw fish.

Workbook15.32glacier(n) \

Æglœsi´\

a large mass of ice I have always wanted to walk along the glacier

15.33ever-growing(adj) \Æev´ Ægr´UIN\

becoming bigger and bigger all the timeTheir ever-growing distrust in each other led them to get a divorce.

15.34overburdened(adj) \Æ´Uv´Æb‰…dnd\

having too much of sth so that you cannot function properlyHe is so overburdened with duties that I’m afraid he’s going to suffer a nervous breakdown.lburden(n)

15.35decrease(v) \dIÆkri…s\

lessen, cut downThey are trying to decrease the amount of water they use for their garden so they water their plants three times a week instead of five.ldecrease(n)

Opp.: increase(v)

UNIT 1� ��

15 Up in Smoke

15.36takesthforgranted(phr) \ÆteIk ÆsømTIN f´

ÆgrA…ntId\

accept sth without thinking about itShe took her mother’s help with the children for granted; now that her mother can’t help her any more, she doesn’t know what to do.

15.37plumbingsystem(phr) \ÆplømIN

ÆsIst´m\system of pipes used to bring water in and out of a placeThe plumbing system in the house was old and had to be replaced.

15.38leak (n) \li…k\hole, drip, crack, openingThe plumbing system in this block of flats is very bad; every now and then there is a leak in an apartment, it floods and they have to call the plumber.l leak(v)

15.39irrigation (n) \ÆIrIÆgeISn\

when we supply plants with water to help them growThanks to an irrigation plan, the people in this part of the country can grow crops on their land.l irrigate(v)

15.40conserve(v) \k´nÆs‰…v\

save, preserveWWF is an organisation that is interested in conserving wild animals.l conservation(n)

15.41rinse(v) \rIns\wash sth in order to remove soap from itEllen washed the dishes and he rinsed them so they finished the washing up in half the time.

15.42tank(n) \tœNk\large container for liquid or gasYou can’t drink this tap water; take water from the tank.

15.43thrive(v) \TraIv\prosper, develop, do wellHis business is thriving; he’s making a lot of money.

15.44teardown(phr v) \Æte´ ÆdaUn\

destroy, remove completelyThey tore the old building down and they are going to build a big shopping centre in its place.

15.45deposit(n) \dIÆpÅzIt\

paymentIf you want to book the hotel rooms in advance, you’ll have to make a deposit of €50 at the bank.ldeposit(v)

15.46disposeof(v) \dIÆsp´Uz ´v, Åv\

get rid ofShe disposed of all the old newspapers and magazines because they were taking up too much space.ldisposal(n)

15.47fine (v) \faIn\punishThe motorist was fined because he drove through a red light.lfine(n)

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16 On the Run

16.9 poverty(n) \ÆpÅv´ti\

hardship, needMost people in India live in absolute poverty.lpoor(adj)

Opp.: wealth(n)

16.10suspicious(adj) \s´ÆspIS´s\

distrustful, doubtful, suspectThe two men looked very suspicious; that’s why the policemen asked to see their papers.l suspect(v) (n), suspicion(n),

suspiciously(adv)

16.11torch(n) \tO…tS\Remember to take the torch with you because it will be very dark by the time we come back.

16.12boot(n) \bu…t\trunkThey put all their luggage in the boot and set off on their journey.

16.13fingerprints(n) \ÆfINg´ÆprInts\

The police found that the fingerprints on the door knob matched the fingerprints of the suspect.

16.14plead(guilty/notguilty)(v) \Æpli…d ÆgIlti, ÆnÅt

ÆgIlti\

officially state that you are guilty or notThe man pleaded guilty. That’s why the judge was not so strict with him.

16.15trial(n) \ÆtraI´l\

hearingThe lawyer has prepared himself very well for his client’s trial tomorrow morning; he hopes the man will be found innocent.l try(v)

16.16evidence(n) \ÆevId“´‘ns\

proofThere was not enough evidence to prove the man guilty, so he was released.levident (adj)

16.1 ontherun(phr) \ÆÅn D´ Ærøn\

try to escape from the police or an enemyBonnie and Clyde, the infamous couple who robbed banks, were constantly on the run until the day they were killed by policemen.

Reading16.2 sympathy(n) \

ÆsImp´Ti\

compassion, understandingI feel sympathy for her; she’s going through a lot at the moment.l sympathise(v)

16.3 commit(acrime)(v) \k´ÆmIt ´ ÆkraIm\

do sth illegalHe has committed serious crimes so he is going to spend the rest of his life in prison.

16.4 breakthelaw (phr) \ÆbreIk D´ ÆlO…\

do sth illegal\against the lawWhen she stole the top from the clothes shop, she knew she was breaking the law.

16.5 servea…(sixmonth)…sentence(phr) \Æs‰…v ´

Æsent´ns\

do time in prison for a crime you have committedThe man is serving a life sentence for the murder of two people.

16.6 innocent(adj) \ÆIn´s“´‘nt\

not guiltyThe man was tried and found innocent; now he is free.l innocence(n)

Opp.: guilty(adj)

16.7 suburb(n) \Æsøb‰…b\

an area in a cityThey live in the northern suburbs of the city; the houses are pretty expensive there.l suburban(adj), urban(adj)

16.8 rate(n) \reIt\pace, degreeThe birth rate in Greece is very low; most families have only one child or none at all.

On the Run

UNIT 1� ��

16 On the Run

16.17jury(n) \ÆdZU´ri\

the group of people at court who decide whether the accused is guilty or notOur neighbour has been chosen to be a member of the jury that will try a man accused of stealing a lot of money from his company.l juror (n)

16.18verdict(n) \Æv‰…dIkt\

decision, judgmentWhen the man heard the verdict, he started crying from joy; the jury had found him not guilty.

16.19offence(n) \´Æfens\

crimeIn the USA selling alcohol to young people under 16 years of age is a criminal offence.loffend(v)

16.20sentence(v) \Æsent´ns\

condemn, penalizeHe was sentenced to 10 years in prison for the crimes he had committed.

Vocabulary builder16.21shoplifting(n) \

ÆSÅpÆlIftIN\

stealing from a shopThe girl was arrested on the charge of shoplifting.l shoplift(v), shoplifter(n)

16.22assault(n) \´ÆsO…lt\

attackThe man was accused of assault because he had threatened the old lady with a knife.lassault(v)

16.23blackmail(n) \ÆblœkÆmeIl\

threatShe thought of using the photographs for blackmail in case she refused to give her the money she wanted.lblackmail(v)

16.24arson(n) \ÆA…sn\

the crime of setting fireHe was accused of arson and found guilty as charged.larsonist(n)

16.25communityservice (phr) \k´Æmju…n´ti Æs‰…vIs\unpaid work that criminals do as punishmentHe was sentenced to 300 hours community service.

16.26suspendedsentence(phr) \s´ÆspendId Æsent´ns\prison sentence that you have to serve only if you commit another crime within a certain period of timeThe woman was given a year suspended sentence.

16.27chargesbwith(v) \ÆtSA…dZ Æsømb´di wID,

wIT\accuse sb ofThe young men that were arrested by the police this morning were charged with bank robbery.

16.28suspectsbofsth(v) \s´Æspekt Æsømb´di

´v ÆsømTIN\distrust, doubtThe police had long suspected him of robbing the bank so when they found the money in his flat, they arrested him immediately.

16.29getawaywith(phr v) \Æget ´ÆweI wID,

wIT\not suffer any punishment or the consequences for sth wrong that you have doneI don’t know how he got away with cheating in the Maths test; the teacher never saw him copying the answers from the book.

16.30letoff(phr v) \Ælet ÆÅf\

excuse, forgiveThe traffic warden let the woman off even though she had driven through a red light.

Listening16.31remote(adj) \rI

Æm´Ut\

distantThere are no hospitals in the remote areas of the country; one has to live in a big city if they want to feel safe.l remotely(adv)

16.32crimeprevention(n) \ÆkraIm prIÆvenSn\

taking measures in order to avoid crimes being committedThe politician pointed out the need for more measures towards crime prevention.

�0 UNIT 1�

16 On the Run

Use of English16.33deliberately(adv) \dI

ÆlIb“´‘r´tli\

on purposeDon’t make such a big fuss about it! I didn’t deliberately spill the milk on your dress! And I said I was sorry!ldeliberate(adj)

Writing16.34policeforce(n) \p´

Æli…s ÆfO…s\

the police organisation in an areaThe police force in the city is in need of more policemen; the men are too few to cover such a big area.

16.35trainee(n) \ÆtreIÆni…\

low level employee who is being trained for the jobThere’s an opening in the company for a sales trainee; are you interested? l train(v)

16.36temper(n) \Ætemp´\

self-controlWhen she gets angry, she loses her temper and can’t have a logical discussion.

16.37policerecord(n) \p´Æli…s ÆrekO…d\

police documents that prove that you have been arrested in the past for some offenceTom has a police record; when he was a teenager, he was arrested for stealing a motorbike.

16.38state(v) \steIt\say, declareThe witness was asked by the judge to state her name, address and profession.l statement(n)

Show you know!16.39fingermark(n) \

ÆfINg´ÆmA…k\

the mark a dirty finger leaves on a surfaceSusan saw the fingermarks on the door and realised that her son had been eating chocolate again.

16.40faultless(adj) \ÆfO…ltl´s\

correct, perfectHer acting is always faultless; that’s why she’s the critics’ favourite.

16.41rescueteam(n) \Æreskju… Æti…m\

a group of specially trained people that save others who are in dangerThe man was saved from the ruins of the building after the earthquake by the rescue team.

Workbook16.42juvenile(adj) \

ÆdZu…v´ÆnaIl\

young, immatureJuvenile crime is constantly increasing; a big number of young people are arrested every day for mugging and stealing cars.l juvenile(n)

16.43detention(n) \dIÆtenSn\

imprisonment, confinementThe police held him in detention until the next morning.ldetain(v)

16.44precise(adj) \prIÆsaIs\

exactTheir new house is somewhere in Spata but I don’t know the precise location.lprecisely(adv)

Opp.:imprecise(adj)

16.45becaughtred-handed(exp) \bI ÆkO…t red

ÆhœndId\

be caught in the act of doing sth wrongThe boy opened the fridge and took a cherry off his birthday cake but he was caught red-handed.

16.46habitual(adj) \h´ÆbItSu´l\

usual, regularShe’s a habitual moviegoer; she goes to the cinema at least three times a week.lhabit(n), habitually(adv)

16.47multinational(adj) \ÆmøltiÆnœSn“´‘l\

Fred works for a multinational company.

16.48boast(v) \b´Ust\bragHe is a very good basketball player but I can’t stand the fact that he boasts about it.

16.49burstinto(phr v) \Æb‰…st ÆInt´,

ÆIntU\

enter a place with great forceShe burst into the room and told us that she was getting married.

UNIT 1� �1

16 On the Run

16.50alley(n) \Æœli\

backstreetThe policemen were following the two men who turned into a dark alley and disappeared.

16.51submit(v) \s´bÆmIt\

presentHe submitted his application form last week but he hasn’t heard from them yet.l submission(n)