Laser 2000 brochure2

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Product overview Optical Filters

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The New Standardin Optical Filters forBiotech & AnalyticalInstrumentation

The New Standardin Optical Filters forBiotech & AnalyticalInstrumentation

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Edge Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Narrowband Laser-line Filters . . . . . . . . .17

Notch & Multi-Notch Filters . . . . . . . . . .19

Ultra-broadband High-Performance Mirror22

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What’s Inside – Innovative Catalog Products

Fluorescence Filter Sets, Bandpass Filters, Dichroic Beamsplitters . . . . . . . . .6

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For the fastest fluorescence measurements

Razor sharp – for the most discriminating Raman measurements

Clean up your laser with ultra-fast rolloff and the highestpeak transmission – don’t waste expensive laser light!

Deepest notches in a convenient format

The most versatile high-performance mirror on themarket – there is nothing else like it!

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Product lines:

Fluorescence FiltersFluorescence microscopy, DNA microarray scanners,high-throughput screening, flow cytometry, real-timePCR, electrophoresis scanners, fluorescence imagers,chemical process monitoring, ...

Raman Spectroscopy FiltersRaman microscopes, lab spectrometers, Raman microprobe analyzers (including optical fiber probes), ...

Biomedical Laser OpticsOphthalmological, dermatological, and internal surgery laser systems, laser-based scanners, multiphoton fluorescence systems and microscopes, ...

Semrock Optical Filters:The New Standard in Optical Filters forBiotech & Analytical Instrumentation

Semrock has successfully combined the most sophisticated and modern ion-beam sputtering deposition systems, renowned for their stability, with its own proprietary deposition control technolo-gy, unique predictive algorithms, and process improvements. The result is manufacturable optical fil-ters of unsurpassed performance and reliability that are setting the new standard for the biotech and analytical instrumentation industries. These filters are so new that many are patent-pending.

Semrock consistently delivers:

" The brightest filters with the most discriminating spectra for the fastest measurements

" Proven reliability for permanent performance

" Unsurpassed batch-to-batch reproducibility to assure your manufacturing

FluorescenceInstrumentation

Filters

RamanInstrumentation

Filters

BiomedicalLaser System

Optics

We are your Optics ExpertsSemrock knows optics! We routinely dooptical ray tracing, run Monte Carlo simulations, perform stray light analysis,and of course craft sophisticated optical filter designs. Why is all this necessary?We believe that in order to design the best optical filters, great technology is not enough – we must also thoroughly understand your applications. We can dothis because we focus all of our resourceson the biotech and analytical instrumentmarkets. We thoroughly understand optics,we do bring you great filters, but we alsospeak your language!

All Semrock filters demonstrate exceptional reliability performance. The simple all-glass structure and hard dielectric glass coatings (as hard as the glass on which they are coated!) means they are virtually impervious to humidity-induced shifting and can be cleaned and handled like any standardglass optics.

All Semrock filters are capable of withstanding high optical intensities. Semrock filters either have laser-damage threshold specifications, or, depending on the application, have been tested withintense broadband sources for prolonged periods of time with no noticeable degradation.

You will never find any optical adhesive in the optical path of a Semrock filter. Epoxies and cementscan absorb water vapor and swell or shift, and they can photo-darken or be optically damaged.Semrock filters are built for longevity.

Semrock filters have been tested to meet or exceed requirements for environmental and physicaldurability set forth in specifications such as MIL-STD-810F, MIL-C-48497A, MIL-C-675C, and ISO 9022-2.The table below shows some of the key standards against which our filters are regularly tested.

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Example of bandpass filter spectra measured before and after ten 24-hour cycles of Aggravated Humidity testing according to MIL-STD-810F, demonstrating negligible change.

Semrock's dedicated reliabilitylaboratory with state-of-the-art environmental test chambers.

No measurable change!

Semrock Optical Filters: Proven Reliability

Physical Durability Testing Standard / Procedure Test Description

Adhesion MIL-C-48497A (4.5.3.1) "Tape Test" Humidity MIL-C-48497A (4.5.3.2) Damp Heat Moderate Abrasion MIL-C-48497A (4.5.3.3) "Cheesecloth Test" (> 50 cycles) Solubility/Cleanability MIL-C-48497A (4.5.4.2) Sequential immersion in acetone and alcohol Water Solubility MIL-C-48497A (4.5.5.3) Immersion in distilled water (> 24 hrs)

Environmental Durability Testing Standard / Procedure Test Description

Humidity MIL-STD-810F (507.4) Aggravated Humidity (> 10 x 24 hr cycles)High Temperature MIL-STD-810F (501.4) Induced Hot (> 7 x 24 hr cycles)Low Temperature MIL-STD-810F (502.4) Cold (C2) (24 hr cycles)

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The highly acclaimed BrightLine series of optical fluorescence filters is revolutionizing fluorescence instruments – from microscopes to microarrays. Semrock has combined the most advanced optical filter manufacturing technology in the industry with its thoroughunderstanding of fluorescence systems and fluorescence filterdesign to produce the brightest and most durable fluorescencefilters available anywhere. In fact, BrightLine filter technology is so unique, it is patent pending.

BrightLine Fluorescence Filter Sets

# Highest peak transmission for maximum brightness

# Superior contrast for high specificity

# Fastest measurements to preserve your samples longer

# Hard dielectric coatings for the highest reliability

# Certified zero-pixel-shift imaging performance availablefor the most demanding multi-exposure applications

We stock the following high-performance fluorescence filters and sets optimized for fluorescence microscopy applications.

BrightLine™ Fluorescence Filters

* Minimum allowed spectral width over which the average transmission exceeds the specified passband transmission; see page 13

Emission Exciter Center Exciter Emitter Center EmitterColor Filter Set Primary Fluorophores Wavelength Bandwidth* Wavelength Bandwidth*

FF409 DAPI, Hoechst, AMCA, BFP, Alexa Fluor 350 377 50 447 60

FF458 CFP, AmCyan, SYTOX Blue, BOBO-1, BO-PRO-1 438 24 483 32

FF495 GFP, EGFP, DiO, Cy2, YOYO-1, YO-PRO-1 472 30 520 35

FF506 FITC, rsGFP, Bodipy, FAM, Fluo-4, Alexa Fluor 488 482 35 536 40

FF520 YFP, Calcium Green-1, Eosin, Fluo-3, Rhodamine 123 500 24 542 27

FF562 Cy3, TRITC, PE, TAMRA, dsRed, Alexa Fluor 546 & 555 531 40 593 40

FF593 Texas Red®, Cy3.5, 5-ROX, Alexa Fluor 568 & 594 562 40 624 40

FF660 Cy5, APC, Alexa Fluor 647 & 660 628 40 692 40

DA/FI/TX Blue: DAPI, Hoechst, AMCA, BFP, Alexa Fluor 350Green: FITC, GFP, rsGFP, Bodipy, Alexa Fluor 488 See page 8 for detailsRed: Texas Red, MitoTracker Red, Alexa Fluor 568 & 594

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Even great filter technology is nothing without the right filterdesigns. There are many subtletiesinvolved in optimizing the perform-ance of fluorescence filters. AtSemrock, we have made a carefulstudy of fluorescence instrumenta-tion. The BrightLine catalog filters are designed using sophisticated and proprietary in-house optical system simulation software for themost discriminating performancewhen used in fluorescence microscopes. Semrock is alsopleased to work closely with volume OEM customers to developfluorescence filters optimized for your instruments. We will take intoaccount your light source, detectionsystem, optical train and specific fluorophore environment.

Maximum Brightness


BrightLine excitation and emission filters utilizeSemrock’s unique single-substrate construction, whichavoids scattering, absorption, and reflection losses that occur with traditional multi-substrate laminated filters which have adhesives in the optical path. Whencombined with Semrock’s state-of-the-art ion-beamsputtering deposition technology, the result is the highest transmission of any fluorescence filters on the market. BrightLine filter spectra also exhibit steeper edges, precise wavelength accuracy, and carefully optimized blocking for better contrast. The result is faster measurements and less sampledegradation.

A unique design and manufacturing approach givesBrightLine dichroic beamsplitters steeper edges (evenfor unpolarized light) and the flattest, highest reflectionand transmission bands. More complete reflection and transmission means more signal for the brightestimages, but with less stray light that causes undesir-able background, resulting in the best image contrast.Wider transmission bands open up more applications.

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Exciter/Emitter Pair Dichroic Beamsplitter

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FF495 (GFP) FF506 (FITC)

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FF409 (DAPI)

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FF458 (CFP)

This filter set is optimized for achieving the highest possible brightnessfor blue-fluorophore systems that exhibit a weak signal (for example,for low fluorophore concentrations). For heavily stained samples, theblue signal is very strong.

This filter set is optimized to be simultaneously the brightest and thehighest signal-to-noise ratio (contrast) filter set available for measuringCFP and its variants – no more compromising or exchanging filter setsfor different CFP experiments. Filters from this set are ideal for CFP-YFPFRET measurements when used in conjunction with the FF520-Em01emitter filter, and for CFP-green FRET with the FF506-Em02 emitter filter.

This filter set is optimized to be simultaneously the brightest and thehighest signal-to-noise ratio (contrast) filter set available for measuringGFP and its variants – no more compromising or exchanging filter setsfor different GFP experiments. Filters from this set are excellent forGFP-dsRed FRET measurements when used in conjunction with theFF562-Em02 filter.

This set is optimized for the most popular green fluorophores like FITC(fluorescein isothiocyanate) and FAM. It provides the highest brightnessand signal-to-noise ratio. It is also ideal for similar fluorophores but withnarrower, more closely spaced excitation and emission peaks, likeBodipy.

Exciter Part Number . . . .FF409-Ex02-25Emitter Part Number . . . .FF409-Em02-25Dichroic Part Number . . .FF409-Di02-25x36Full Set Prefix . . . . . . . . . . .DAPI-5060B-_ _ _

Exciter Part Number . . . .FF458-Ex01-25Emitter Part Number . . . .FF458-Em01-25Dichroic Part Number . . .FF458-Di01-25x36Full Set Prefix . . . . . . . . . . .CFP-2432A-_ _ _

Exciter Part Number . . . .FF495-Ex01-25Emitter Part Number . . . .FF495-Em01-25Dichroic Part Number . . .FF495-Di02-25x36Full Set Prefix . . . . . . . . . . .GFP-3035B-_ _ _

Exciter Part Number . . . .FF506-Ex03-25Emitter Part Number . . . .FF506-Em02-25Dichroic Part Number . . .FF506-Di02-25x36Full Set Prefix . . . . . . . . . . .FITC-3540B-_ _ _

Single-band Fluorescence Filter Spectra – Highest Transmission


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FF593 (Texas Red®)

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FF660 (Cy5)

This filter set is ideal for use with Texas Red® and other red fluorophores. It also works well for broader orange-to-red fluorophoreslike MitoTracker Red. It is optimized to provide the highest possiblebrightness, while maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio.

This filter set is ideal for use with Cy5™ and other deep red fluorophores.It is optimized to provide the highest brightness, while maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio.

Exciter Part Number . . . .FF593-Ex02-25Emitter Part Number . . . .FF593-Em02-25Dichroic Part Number . . .FF593-Di02-25x36Full Set Prefix . . . . . . . . . . .TXRED-4040B-_ _ _

Exciter Part Number . . . .FF660-Ex02-25Emitter Part Number . . . .FF660-Em02-25Dichroic Part Number . . .FF660-Di01-25x36Full Set Prefix . . . . . . . . . . .Cy5-4040A-_ _ _

Single-band Fluorescence Filter Spectra – Highest Transmission


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FF520 (YFP)

This filter set is optimized to be simultaneously the brightest and thehighest signal-to-noise ratio (contrast) filter set available for measuringYFP and its variants – no more compromising or exchanging filter setsfor different YFP experiments. Filters from this set are ideal for CFP-YFPFRET measurements when used in conjunction with filters from theFF458 set.

Exciter Part Number . . . . FF520-Ex01-25Emitter Part Number . . . . FF520-Em01-25Dichroic Part Number . . . FF520-Di01-25x36Full Set Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . YFP-2427A-_ _ _

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FF562 (Cy3)

This filter set is ideal for use with Cy3™, TRITC, and other orange fluorophores. It is optimized to provide the highest brightness, whilemaintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio.

Exciter Part Number . . . .FF562-Ex02-25Emitter Part Number . . . .FF562-Em02-25Dichroic Part Number . . .FF562-Di02-25x36Full Set Prefix . . . . . . . . . . .Cy3-4040B-_ _ _

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BrightLine multiband filters,pictured above, demonstratenoticeably superior performance when comparedside-by-side with the premiummultiband fluorescence filterset of the leading competitor.In this example, the relativesignal, noise, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are compared quantitatively. The BrightLine filters are 50 percent brighter and simultaneously provide 2.5 times higher contrast.

# Highest peak transmission for dazzling brightness

# Striking contrast for high specificity

# Superb color balance for the most realistic images

# Hard dielectric coatings for the highest durability and reliability; see page 12 for more information

* Minimum allowed spectral width over which the average transmission exceeds the specified passband transmission; see page 13

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DA/FI/TX (Multiband)

Exciter Part Number . . . .DA/FI/TX-Ex01-25Emitter Part Number . . . .DA/FI/TX-Em01-25Dichroic Part Number . . .DA/FI/TX-Di01-25x36Full Set Prefix . . . . . . . . . . .DA/FI/TX-A-_ _ _

See below for part numbers and page 13 for full specifications.

BrightLine multiband fluorescence filters are uniquely optimized to simultaneously provide the highest brightness, contrast, and color balance possible.

Multiband Fluorescence Filters – Stunning Performance


We stock the following high-performance filters optimized for fluorescence microscopy applications

SNR

Noise

Signal

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Semrock’s unique multiband capability has been proven to meet the demanding requirements of a number of volume OEM applications. Contact us with your OEM multiband filter needs.

Note: exciter blue passband has intentionally reduced transmission for purposes of color balance

Exciter Center Exciter Emitter Center EmitterColors Filter Set Primary Fluorophores Wavelength Bandwidth* Wavelength Bandwidth*

DA/FI/TX Blue band: DAPI, Hoechst, AMCA, BFP, Alexa Fluor 350 404 20 457 22

Green band: FITC, GFP, rsGFP, Bodipy, Alexa Fluor 488 494 20 530 20

Red band: Texas Red, MitoTracker Red, Alexa Fluor 568 & 594 576 20 628 28

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Composite images produced from conventional filtersets (above left), which typically have significant pixelshift, are distorted, whereas BrightLine ZERO pixelshift filter sets (above right) yield precise multi-colorimages.

# Allows you to create perfect multi-color composite images

# Ideal for demanding applications like:

" Co-localization fluorescence measurements

" Fluorescence In Situ Hibridization (FISH)

" Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH)

" Gel and spot imaging comparisons

Property Value Comment

Set-to-set Pixel Shift < ± 1 pixel Relative pixel shift between BrightLine ZERO filter sets, based on 200 mm focal length tube lens and state-of-the-art 6.7 µm pixel size

What is Pixel Shift?

Pixel shift results when a filter in an imaging path (theemitter and/or dichroic beamsplitter in a fluorescencemicroscope) with a non-zero wedge angle deviates thelight rays so as to cause a shift of the image detected on a high-resolution CCD camera. When two or moreimages of the same object acquired using different filtersets are overlaid (in order to simultaneously view fluorescence from multiple fluorophores), any significant non-zero filter wedge angle means that the images will not be registered to identical pixels onthe CCD camera. Hence, images produced by different

fluorophores will not be accurately correlated or combined. On the other hand, BrightLine ZERO filter sets are manufactured, tested and certified to very tight tolerances so as to ensure accurate imageregistration every time.

How do we do it?

Poor image registration, or pixel shift, results from thealmost inevitable non-zero filter wedge angle. But lowpixel shift is critical to obtain the best imaging perform-ance when exchanging filters during any measurementsthat involve multiple exposures.

BrightLine patent-pending filter technology is based on a single glass substrate coated by durable, hard coatings. BrightLine ZERO filter substrates are manufactured, tested and certified to a very high tolerance.

The conventional approach to high-performance fluorescence filters requires multiple substrates, typicallybonded together with adhesive,resulting in significant wedge angle and therefore pixel shift.

Conventional Approach

Uncoated

Uncoated

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The BrightLine Standard

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T E C H N I C A L N O T E

Simply append “–ZERO” to the part number of BrightLine single-band catalog filter sets.

Semrock has uniquely solved the problem of poor image registration – now all you have to do is chooseBrightLine ZERO fluorescence filter sets. All of the standard BrightLine single-band filter sets are optionally available with certified zero-pixel-shift performance.

BrightLine ZERO™ Fluorescence Filters – for Exact Image Registration


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Fluorescence filters

Optical fluorescence occurs when a molecule absorbs light at wavelengths within its absorption band, and then nearly instantaneously emits light at longer wavelengths within its emission band. For analytical purposes, strongly fluorescing molecules known as fluorophores are specificallyattached to biological molecules and other targets of interest to enable quantification, identification, and even real-time observation of biological and chemical activity. Fluorescence is widely used in biotechnology and analytical applications due to its extraordinary sensitivity,high specificity, and simplicity.

Most fluorescence instruments, including fluorescence microscopes, are based on optical filters. A typical system has three basic filters: an excitation filter (or exciter), a dichroic beamsplitter, and an emission filter (or emitter). The exciter is typically a bandpass filter that passes only thewavelengths absorbed by the fluorophore, thus minimizing excitation of other sources of fluorescence and blocking light in the fluorescence emission band. The dichroic is an edge filter used at an oblique angle of incidence to efficiently reflect light in the excitation band and to transmit light in the emission band. The emitter is typically a bandpass filter that passesonly the wavelengths emitted by the fluorophore and blocks all undesired light outside this band – especially the excitation light.

In most fluorescence instruments, the bestperformance is obtained with thin-filmfilters, which are comprised of multiple alternating thinlayers of transparentmaterials with different indexes of refraction on a glass substrate. The complex layerstructure determines the spectrum of light transmission by a filter.

Thin-film filters are simple to use, inexpensive, and provide excellent opticalperformance: high transmission over an arbitrarily determined bandwidth, steep edges, and high blocking of undesired light over the widest possible wavelength range.Recent advances in thin-film filter technology, unique to BrightLine filters, permit even higher performance while resolving the longevity and handling issues that can affect filters made with older soft-coating technology.


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Why are BrightLine filters the longest-lasting, mostdurable filters you can buy?

Physical durability – these filters are tough!All BrightLine filters are made with a simple one-pieceall-glass construction based on hard thin-film glass coatings – as hard as the glass substrates on which theyare deposited. This means they are virtually imperviousto humidity-induced shifting and can be cleaned and handled like any standard glass optics. You can evenclean them with acetone.

Optical durability – a lot of light? No problem!BrightLine filters have been tested with intense broadband sources for prolonged periods of time

BrightLine Durability


with no noticeable degradation. The coatings are madewith the same hard refractory glass materials as all of our laser optics (like our MaxMirror® and StopLine™ filters), which are proven to have high laser damagethresholds even with intense pulsed lasers. Older filtertechnologies use epoxies and cements that can absorbwater vapor, causing swelling or shifting, and are prone to photo-darkening or optical damage. You will never find any adhesives in the optical path of a BrightLine filter.

BrightLine filters are built for longevity – they are NOT meant to be replaced annually.

See page 5 for more information.

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[1] Part numbers and full set prefixes are listed on pages 8 & 9 for single-band filters, above the spectral plots for eachset, and on page 10 for multiband filters, above the spectral plot.

[2] Push-and-click filter holder[3] Threaded filter folder


Filter sizes shown are standard for most Leica, Nikon, Olympus, and Zeiss microscopes, and other applications.

For certified ZERO pixel-shift filter sets, simply append “-ZERO” to the set part number.This option is ONLY available on complete sets (with or without a cube).

[1] Note exception: > 85% for FF409-Ex02 exciter filter, and 50 ± 10% for Blue band of DA/FI/TX-Ex01 exciter filters.[2] Filter performance is likely to remain satisfactory for Cone Half Angles as large as 10° for exciters and emitters, and 3° for dichroics.

Specifications for All Single-band and Multiband Fluorescence Filters

Property Exciter Emitter Dichroic Comment

Passband Transmission > 90%[1] > 90% > 90% Averaged over passband (emitterband only for dichroic)

Dichroic Reflection N/A N/A > 98% Averaged over exciter band(s)Angle of Incidence 0° ± 5° 0° ± 5° 45° ± 1.5° Range of angles over which optical

specs are guaranteed for collimated lightCone Half Angle[2] 7° 7° 2° For uniformly distributed non-collimated lightAutofluorescence N/A Low LowTransverse Dimensions 25.0 mm 25.0 mm 25.2 x 35.6 mmThickness 5.0 mm 3.5 mm 1.1 mmDimension Tolerance + 0.0 / - 0.1 mmEdge Chipping < 0.1 mm Measured from substrate edgeRing Housing Material Aluminum, black-anodized Exciter and emitter onlyCoating Type “Hard” ion-beam-sputteredClear Aperture > 80% of filter transverse dimensions Area over which all optical specs are metSurface Quality 60-40 scratch-dig As per MIL-STD-48497AMicroscope Compatibility Standard sizes fit all major Nikon, Olympus, and Zeiss fluorescence microscopes.

See below for more microscope information.Reliability and Durability Ion-beam-sputtered, hard-coating technology with epoxy-free, single-substrate

construction for unrivaled filter life. BrightLine filters are rigorously tested and provento MIL-STD-810F and MIL-C-48497A environmental standards. See page 5 for details.

Filter or Set Part Number [1]

Exciter See pages 8-10Emitter See pages8-10Dichroic beamsplitter See pages 8-10Complete set <Full set prefix>-000Complete set mounted in cube (holder) for Nikon Quadfluor <Full set prefix>-NQFComplete set mounted in cube (holder) for Nikon TE2000 <Full set prefix>-NTEComplete set mounted in cube (holder) for Olympus AX, IX, BX series <Full set prefix>-OMFComplete set mounted in cube (holder) for Zeiss Axiovert & Axioplan-2[2] series <Full set prefix>-ZAVComplete set mounted in cube (holder) for Zeiss Axioplan -2[3] series <Full set prefix>-ZAT

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RazorEdge™ Raman Filters

# Steepest edges to measure even the smallest Raman shifts

# Deep laser-line blocking for maximum laser rejection

# High signal transmission to detect the weakest signals

# Guaranteed high laser damage threshold (LDT > 1 J/cm2 at 532 nm)

# Rejected light is reflected, for convenient alignment andbest stray-light control

Measured from laser wavelengthto 50% transmission wavelength

* For small angles (in degrees), the wavelength shift near the laser wavelength is ∆λ (nm) = - 5.0 ↔ 10-5 ↔ λL ↔ θ2 and the wavenumber shift is ∆(wavenumbers) (cm-1) = 500 ↔ θ2 / λL, where λL (in nm) is the laser wavelength.

Semrock RazorEdge thin-film filter technology offers dramatically improved long-wave-pass filters that provide better Stokes-edge steepness and higher transmission than even the leading holographic notch filters,yet are less than half the price! RazorEdge filter technology is so unique that it is patent pending.


Edge Steepness (typical) 0.5% of laser wavelength Measured from OD 6 to 50%(2.5 nm or 90 cm-1 for 532 nm filter)

Blocking at Laser Wavelength > 6 OD OD = - log10 (transmission)Transition Width “U” grade < 1% of laser wavelength

(< 5 nm or 180 cm-1 for 532 nm filter)

“S” grade < 2% of laser wavelength(< 10 nm or 360 cm-1 for 532 nm filter)

Average Passband Transmission > 93% > 90% for 325 nm filterPassband Bandwidth > 100 nm for λL < 400 nm λL is the laser wavelength in nm

> 200 nm for 400 ≤ λL < 736 nm> λ2

L /(3450 - λL) for λL ∅ 736 nmAngle of Incidence 0.0 ± 2.0° Range for above optical specsAngle Tuning Range* - 0.3% of laser wavelength Wavelength “blue-shift” attained

(- 1.6 nm or + 60 cm-1 for 532 nm filter) by increasing angle from 0° to 8°Temperature Dependence < 5 ppm / °C < 0.003 nm / °C for 532 nm filterLaser Damage Threshold 1 J/cm2 @ 532 nm (10 ns pulse width) 532 nm filter onlySubstrate Material LP01 filters – BK7 or equivalent

LP02 filters – Fused silicaCoating Type “Hard” ion-beam-sputteredClear Aperture ∅ 21 mm ∅ 22 mm for LP02 filtersOuter Diameter 25.0 + 0.0 / - 0.1 mm Black-anodized aluminum ringOverall Thickness 3.5 ± 0.1 mmTransmitted Wavefront Error < λ / 4 RMS at λ = 633 nm Peak-to-valley error < 5 x RMSSurface Quality 80-50 scratch-dig 60-40 for LP02 filtersReliability and Durability Ion-beam-sputtered, hard-coating technology with epoxy-free, single-substrate

construction for unrivaled filter life. RazorEdge filters are rigorously tested and provento MIL-STD-810F and MIL-C-48497A environmental standards. See page 5 for details.

LaserWavelength Part Number

325.0 nm LP02-325RU-25LP02-325RS-25

355.0 nm LP01-355RU-25LP01-355RS-25

363.8 nm LP01-364RU-25LP01-364RS-25

457.9 nm LP02-458RU-25LP02-458RS-25


473.0 nm LP01-473RU-25LP01-473RS-25

488.0 nm LP01-488RU-25LP01-488RS-25

514.5 nm LP01-514RU-25LP01-514RS-25

532.0 nm LP02-532RU-25LP02-532RS-25


632.8 nm LP01-633RU-25LP01-633RS-25

785.0 nm LP01-785RU-25LP01-785RS-25

980.0 nm LP01-980RU-25LP01-980RS-25

1064.0 nm LP01-1064RU-25LP01-1064RS-25

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Spectra of RazorEdge Raman Filters Actual measured data from typical filters is shown!

RazorEdge™ Raman Filters

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For a brief tutorial on Raman spectroscopyfilters, see page 16.

In addition to our standard catalog filters,Semrock has developed many specially optimized RazorEdge filters to meet and exceed even the most-demandingrequirements of our OEM customers.

Indicates laser-lineMeasured filter spectrum

16 Call us: +49 (0)8153 405-0

Filter Types for Raman Spectroscopy Applications

Raman spectroscopy is widely used today forapplications ranging from industrial processcontrol to laboratory research to bio/chemicaldefense measures. Industries that benefit fromthis highly specific analysis technique includethe chemical, polymer, pharmaceutical, semi-conductor, gemology, computer hard disk, andmedical fields. In Raman spectroscopy, anintense laser beam is used to create Raman(inelastic) scattered light from a sample undertest. The Raman “finger print” is measured by a dispersive or Fourier Transform spectrometer.

There are three basic types of Raman instrumentation. Raman microscopes, alsocalled micro-Raman spectrophotometers, arelarger-scale laboratory analytical instrumentsfor making fast, high-accuracy Raman measurements on very small, specific sample areas. Traditional laboratory Raman spectrometers are primarily used for R&D applications, and range from “home-built” to flexible commercial systems that offer a variety of lasersources, means for holding solid and liquid samples, and different filter and spectrometer types. Finally, a rapidlyemerging class of Raman instrumentation is the Raman micro-probe analyzer. These complete, compact and oftenportable systems are ideal for use in the field or in tight manufacturing and process environments. They utilize aremote probe tip that contains optical filters and lenses, connected to the main unit via optical fiber.

Optical filters are critical components in Raman spectroscopy systems to prevent all undesired light from reachingthe spectrometer and swamping the relatively weak Raman signal. Laser Transmitting Filters inserted between thelaser and the sample block all undesired light from the laser (such as broadband spontaneous emission or plasmalines) as well as any Raman scattering or fluorescence generated between the laser and the sample (as in a fibermicro-probe system). Laser Blocking Filters inserted between the sample and the spectrometer block the Rayleigh(elastic) scattered light at the laser wavelength.

There are three basic types of filters to choose from: Laser-line Filters, Edge Filters, and Notch Filters. The examplesbelow show how the various filters are used. In these graphs the blue lines represent the filter transmission spectra,the green lines represent the laser spectrum, and the red lines represent the Raman signal.

Laser-Line Filters are ideal for use as Laser Transmitting Filters, and Notch Filters are an obvious choice for LaserBlocking Filters. In systems using these two filter types, both Stokes and Anti-Stokes Raman scattering can be measured simultaneously. However, in many cases Edge Filters provide a superior alternative. For example, a Long Wave Pass (LWP) Edge Filter used as a Laser Blocking Filter for measuring Stokes scattering offers better transmission, higher laser-line blocking, and the steepest edge performance to see Raman signals extremely close to the laser line. For more details on choosing between edge filters and notch filters, see the TECHNICAL NOTE “Edge Filters vs. Notch Filters for Raman Instrumentation” on page 22.

Semrock stocks high-performance MaxLine™ Laser-line Filters, RazorEdge™ LWP Edge Filters, and StopLine™ NotchFilters as standard catalog products. Non-standard wavelengths and specifications for these filters, as well as ShortWave Pass (SWP) filters for both laser transmitting and blocking purposes, are routinely manufactured for volumeOEM applications.


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Laser-line filter LWP Edge filter

Laser-transmitting filter for both Stokes and Anti-Stokesmeasurements

Laser-blocking steep edge filter forsuperior Stokes measurements

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Notch filter

Versatile laser-blocking notch filter for both Stokes and Anti-Stokes measurements

17www.laser2000.de

Filter Spectra at Non-normal Angles of Incidence

Many of the filters in this catalog (with the exception of dichroic beamsplitters and the MaxMirror®) are optimizedfor use with light at or near normal incidence. However, for some applications it is desirable to understand how thespectral properties change for a non-zero angle of incidence (AOI).

There are two main effects exhibited by the filter spectrum as the angle is increased from normal:

1. the features of the spectrum shift to shorter wavelengths;2. two distinct spectra emerge – one for s-polarized light and one for p-polarized light.

As an example, the graph at the right shows a series of spectra derived from a typical RazorEdge long-wave-pass(LWP) filter design curve. Because the designs are so similar for all of the RazorEdge filters in the series, the set of curves in the graph can be applied approximately to any of the filters. Here the wavelength λ is compared to the wavelength λ0 of a particular spectral feature (in this case the edge location) at normal incidence. As can be seen from the spectral curves, as the angle is increased from normal incidence the filter edge shiftstoward shorter wavelengths and the edges associated with s- and p-polarized light shift by different amounts. For LWP filters, the edge associated with p-polarized light shifts more than the edge associated with s-polarized light, whereas for short-wave-pass (SWP) filters the opposite is true. Because of this polarizationsplitting, the spectrum for unpolarized light demonstratesa “shelf” near the 50% transmission point when the splitting significantly exceeds the edge steepness. However, the edge steepness for polarized light remains very high.

The shift of almost any spectral feature can be approximately quantified by a simple model of the wavelength λ vs. angle of incidence θ, given by the equation:

where neff is called the effective index of refraction, and λ0 is the wavelength of the spectral feature of interest atnormal incidence. Different shifts that occur for different spectral features and different filters are described by a different effective index. For the RazorEdge example above, the shift of the 90% transmission point on the edge is described by this equation with neff = 2.08 and 1.62 for s- and p-polarized light, respectively.

As another example, the graph at the right shows a series of spectra derived from a typical StopLine notch filterdesign curve. As the angle is increased from normal incidence, the notch center wavelength shifts to shorterwavelengths, the notch depth decreases, and the notchbandwidth decreases (with a greater decrease for p-polarized light than for s-polarized light). The shift of the notch center wavelength is described by the aboveequation with neff = 1.76 for both s- and p-polarized light.Note that it is possible to optimize the design of a notch filter to have a very deep notch even at a 45° angle of incidence.


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18 Call us: +49 (0)8153 405-0

# Highest laser-line transmission – don’t waste expensive laser light!

# Steepest edges – the perfect match to Semrock’s ultra-sharpRazorEdge™ filters (page 14)

# The right complement to Semrock’s StopLine™ deep notch filters (page 20) for fluorescence and other applications

# Hard dielectric coatings for the highest durability andreliability; see page 5 for more information

# Negligible temperature dependence for maximum temperature range

Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM)transmission; λL is the laser wavelength

Semrock MaxLine Laser-line Filters have an unprecedented high transmission exceeding 90% at the laser line, while rapidly rolling off to an optical density (OD) > 5 at wavelengths differing by only 1% from the laserwavelength, and OD > 6 at wavelengths differing by only 1.5% from the laser wavelength. This performance isso exclusive that MaxLine filter technology is patent pending.

MaxLine™ Laser-line Filters


Semrock’s high-performance MaxLinelaser-line filters have relatively flat passbandsand extremely steepedges to provide thehighest transmission for the laser line, evenwhen it is not exactlycentered on the filter,and to completely block laser spectralnoise very close to the laser line.

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Transmission at Laser Line > 90% Will typically be even higherBandwidth Typical 0.38% of λL

Maximum 0.7% of λL

Blocking OD > 5 from λL ± 1% to 4500 cm-1 For laser wavelengths 488-785 nm;(red shift) and 3600 cm-1 (blue shift); OD = - log10 (Transmission)OD > 6 from λL ± 1.5% to 0.92 and 1.10 ↔ λL

Passband Transmission Ripple < 2.5% Calculated as standard deviationAngle of Incidence 0.0 ± 2.0° Range for above optical specsTemperature Dependence < 5 ppm / °C < 0.003 nm / °C for 532 nm filterLaser Damage Threshold 0.1 J/cm2 @ 532 nm (10 ns pulse width) 532 nm filter onlySubstrate Material Low fluorescence BK7 or betterLaser Wavelength Standard laser wavelengths available See www.semrock.comCoating Type “Hard” ion-beam-sputteredClear Aperture ∅ 10 mm For all optical specificationsOuter Diameter 12.5 ± 0.05 mm Black-anodized aluminum ringOverall Thickness 3.5 ± 0.1 mmTransmitted Wavefront Error < λ / 4 RMS at = λ 633 nm Peak-to-valley error < 5 ↔ RMSBeam Deviation < 11 arc secondsSurface Quality 60-40 scratch-dig Measured with Clear ApertureReliability and Durability Ion-beam-sputtered, hard-coating technology with epoxy-free, single-substrate

construction for unrivaled filter life. MaxLine filters are rigorously tested and provento MIL-STD-810F and MIL-C-48497A environmental standards. See page 5 for details.

19www.laser2000.de

MaxLine and RazorEdge™ are a PerfectMatch

The MaxLine and RazorEdge filters make an ideal filterpair for applications like Raman spectroscopy – they fit together like hand in glove. The MaxLine filter spectrally “cleans up” the excitation laser light before it reaches the sample under test – allowing only thedesired laser line to reach the sample – and then theRazorEdge filter removes the laser line from the lightscattered off of the sample, while efficiently transmit-ting desired light at wavelengths very close to the laser line.

Typical measured spectral curves of 785 nm filters on a linear transmission plot demonstrate how theincredibly steep edges and high transmission exhibited by both of these filters allow them to be spectrally positioned very close together, while still maintaining complementary transmission andblocking characteristics.

The optical density plot illustrates the complementarynature of these filters on a logarithmic scale using thetheoretical design spectral curves. The MaxLine filterprovides very high transmission (> 90%) of light immediately in the vicinity of the laser line, and thenrapidly rolls off to achieve very high blocking (> OD 5)at wavelengths within 1% of the laser line. TheRazorEdge filter provides extremely high blocking (> OD 6) of the laser line itself, and then rapidly climbsto achieve very high transmission (> 90%) of thedesired signal light at wavelengths only 1% away from the laser line.


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Actual Spectra of MaxLine™ Laser-line Filters

632.8 nm MaxLine™ Filter


Typical Wavelength Bandwidth Part Number

488.0 nm 1.9 nm LL01-488-12.5514.5 nm 2.0 nm LL01-514-12.5532.0 nm 2.0 nm LL01-532-12.5633.0 nm 2.4 nm LL01-633-12.5785.0 nm 3.0 nm LL01-785-12.5

We are continually adding new MaxLine filters to our catalog line.

MaxLine™ Laser-line Filters

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Note the exceptional agreement betweenthe design and measured spectra!

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20 Call us: +49 (0)8153 405-0

Typical 50% NotchWavelength Part Number Bandwidth

405.0 nm NF01-405U-25 9 nm488.0 nm NF01-488U-25 14 nm514.5 nm NF01-514U-25 16 nm532.0 nm NF01-532U-25 17 nm

NF01-532S-25 20 nm

Typical 50% NotchWavelength Part Number Bandwidth

632.8 nm NF01-633U-25 25 nmNF01-633S-25 29 nm

785.0 nm NF01-785U-25 39 nm808.0 nm NF01-808U-25 41 nm830.0 nm NF01-830U-25 44 nm

* For small angles θ (in degrees), the wavelength shift near the laser wavelength is ∆λ (nm) = - 5.0 ↔ 10-5 ↔ λL ↔ θ2 and the wavenumber shift is ∆(wavenumbers) (cm-1) = 500 ↔ θ2 / λL, where λL (in nm) is the laser wavelength.

Full width at 50% transmission; λL is design laser wavelength(NBW and λL in nm)

At the design laser wavelength;OD = - log10 (transmission)

# Deep laser-line blocking for maximum laser rejection

# Narrowest bandwidth thin-film notch filters

# High signal transmission to detect the weakest signals

# Negligible temperature dependence for maximum temperature stability

# Guaranteed high laser damage threshold (LDT > 1 J/cm2 at 532 nm)

# Rejected light is reflected, for convenient alignment and best stray-light control

# May be angle-tuned

Semrock’s StopLine Deep Notch Filters rival the performance of holographic notch filters but in a less expensive, more convenient, and more reliable thin-film filter format. These filters are ideal for applicationsincluding Raman spectroscopy, laser-based fluorescence instruments, and biomedical laser systems. Multi-notch filters are also available (see page 22).

StopLine™ Notch Filters


Laser Line Blocking: “U” grade > 6 OD“S” grade > 3 OD

Typical 50% Notch “U” grade NBW = 55 ↔ 10-6 ↔ λL2 + 14 ↔ 10-3 ↔ λL - 5.9

Bandwidth e.g. 17 nm (600 cm-1) for 532.0 nm filter

“S” grade NBW = 10 ↔ 10-5 ↔ λL2 - 29 ↔ 10-3 ↔ λL + 7.2

e.g. 20 nm (700 cm-1) for 532.0 nm filter

Maximum 50% Notch Bandwidth < 1.1 ↔ NBW90% Notch Bandwidth < 1.3 ↔ NBW Full width at 90% transmissionPassband from 0.75 ↔ λL to λL / 0.75 λL is design laser wavelength (nm)Average Passband Transmission > 90%Passband Transmission Ripple < 2.5% Calculated as standard deviationAngle of Incidence 0.0 ± 5.0° Range for above optical specsAngle Tuning Range* - 1% of laser wavelength Wavelength “blue-shift” attained

(- 5.3 nm or + 190 cm-1 for 532 nm filter) by increasing angle from 0° to 14°Temperature Dependence < 5 ppm / °C < 0.003 nm / °C for 532 nm filterLaser Damage Threshold 1 J/cm2 @ 532 nm (10 ns pulse width) 532 nm filter onlySubstrate Material Ultra-low autofluorescence fused silica “S” grade may be image-quality BK7Coating Type “Hard” ion-beam-sputteredClear Aperture ∅ 21 mm For all optical specificationsOuter Diameter 25.0 + 0.0 / - 0.1 mm Black-anodized aluminum ringOverall Thickness 3.5 ± 0.1 mmTransmitted Wavefront Error < λ / 4 RMS at = λ 633 nm Peak-to-valley error < 5 ↔ RMSSurface Quality 60-40 scratch-dig Measured with Clear ApertureReliability and Durability Ion-beam-sputtered, hard-coating technology with epoxy-free, single-substrate

construction for unrivaled filter life. StopLine filters are rigorously tested and provento MIL-STD-810F and MIL-C-48497A environmental standards. See page 5 for details.

21www.laser2000.de

Spectra of StopLine Notch Filters

Important note: Due to the extreme performance of theseStopLine notch filters (narrow and very deep notches), it is difficult and time consuming to obtain accurate logarithmicscale measurements, even with the use of a double monochromator. Semrock has carefully measured a typical 633 nm deep notch filter and compared it with the calculatedperformance (see graph at right). You can see that the agreement is exceptional – a signature characteristic ofSemrock’s highly controlled manufacturing process. Therefore,while we have chosen to display only the theoretical curves forthe remaining deep notch filters, we are confident that theseare in fact representative curves.

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StopLine™ Notch Filters

405.0 nm StopLine Filter 488.0 nm StopLine Filter 514.5 nm StopLine Filter

532.0 nm StopLine Filter 632.8 nm StopLine Filter 785.0 nm StopLine Filter

808.0 nm StopLine Filter 830.0 nm StopLine Filter

22 Call us: +49 (0)8153 405-0

StopLine™ Multi-Notch FiltersOptical Density

Wavelength (nm)

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# For demanding multi-laser-line blocking applications including: laser-based fluorescence instruments;confocal and multi-photon fluorescence microscopes; and, diverse analytical and medical laser systems

Yellow/Blue/Violet (YBV) filter Red/Green/Blue (RGB) filter

In addition to our standard catalog notch filters, Semrock has also developed many notch filters to meet or exceed even the most demanding requirements of our volume OEM customers. When available, we also offer these for sale to our catalog customers. These include unique dual, triple, and even quadruple notch filters for a variety of multi-laser instruments, as well as our color-corrected notch filters for ophthalmological laser systems.

Edge Filters vs. Notch Filters for Raman Instrumentation

In Raman spectroscopy applications, Laser Blocking Filters inserted between the sample and the spectrometer are critical to block the Rayleigh (elastic) scattered light at the laser wavelength and hence allow the relatively weak Raman(inelastic) scattered light to be measured accurately. There are two main types of thin-film filters that can be used for laser blocking: Edge Filters and Notch Filters.

RazorEdge™ Filter Advantages:

• Steepest possible edge for looking at thesmallest Stokes shifts

• Largest blocking of the laser line for maximum laser rejection

StopLine™ Notch Filter Advantages:

• Measure Stokes and Anti-Stokes signals simultaneously

• Greater angle-tunability and bandwidth for accommodating variable laser lines

The graphs below illustrate the relative advantages of the edge and notch filters. The graph on the left shows filter transmission on a linear scale and illustrates the ability of a Long-Wave-Pass (LWP) edge filter to get extremely close tothe laser line. The logarithmic graph in the center (where Optical Density (OD) is defined to be OD = -log10(Transmission))shows the increased edge steepness of an edge filter relative to a notch filter. Increased edge steepness enables a narrower “transition width,” which is defined to be the guaranteed maximum spectral separation between the laser lineand the transmitting region of the filter spectrum for light normally incident on the filter. With transition widths below 1% of the laser wavelength (on Semrock U-grade edge filters), these filters don’t need to be angle-tuned!

The graph on the right shows the relative tuning ranges that can be achieved for edge filters and notch filters. Semrockedge filters can be tuned up to 0.3% of the laser wavelength. The filters shift toward shorter wavelengths as the angle ofincidence is increased from 0° to about 8°. Semrock notch filters can be tuned up to 1.0% of the laser wavelength. Thesefilters also shift toward shorter wavelengths as the angle of incidence is increased from 0° up to about 14°.

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Graphs show examples of triple-notch filters made by Semrock.

Semrock can readily make thesefilters with notch wavelengths thatare not integer multiples of eachother!

23www.laser2000.de

# Very highly reflecting over:

" Near-UV, all Visible, and Near-IR wavelengths

" All states of polarization

" All angles from 0 to 50° inclusive

simultaneously!

# Hard dielectric coatings for the highest durability andreliability; see page 5 for more information

# Low-scattering

Mirror SideSurface Quality

Mirror SideSurface Flatness

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Mirror Mirror Side Mirror SideGrade Surface Flatness Surface Quality Part Number

“U” < λ / 10 20-10 scratch-dig MM1-311-A“S” < λ / 5 40-20 scratch-dig MM1-311S-A

Typical MaxMirror spectrum. Actual measured data shown.

The MaxMirror is a unique high-performance laser mirror that covers an ultra-broad range of wavelengths – it can replace three or more conventional laser mirrors. In fact, the MaxMirror won the prestigious 2003 PhotonicsCircle of Excellence award, reserved for only the most innovative new products of the year. And there is still nothing else like it on the market!

MaxMirror® Ultra-broadband High-Performance Mirror


Wavelength Range 350-1100 nmStandard Reflectivity > 99.0% For unpolarized light

> 98.5% (> 99% typical) For “s” polarization> 98.5% (> 99% typical) For “p” polarization

Standard Angle of Incidence 45.0 ± 2.5° Range over which Standard 0.0 ± 5.0° Reflectivity specifications are met

Wide Angle Reflectivity R > 98.5% For unpolarized lightR > 98.0% For “s” polarizationR > 98.0% For “p” polarization

Wide Angle of Incidence Range 0.0-50.0° Range over which Wide AngleReflecitivity specifications are met

Laser Damage Threshold 1 J/cm2 @ 355 and 532 nm ~ 10 ns pulse width2 J/cm2 @ 1064 nm

Substrate Material BK7 or betterCoating Type “Hard” ion-beam-sputteredClear Aperture > 80% of Outer Diameter Non-concentricOuter Diameter 1.00 inches (25.4 mm)Outer Diameter Tolerance + 0.00 / - 0.01 inchesThickness 0.375 inchesThickness Tolerance + 0.01 / - 0.01 inches

“U” grade < λ / 10 Measured at λ = 633 nm“S” grade < λ / 5“U” grade 20-10 scratch-dig Measured within Clear Aperture“S” grade 40-20 scratch-dig

Mirror Side Chamfer 0.35 mm at 45° Typical valueReliability and Durability Ion-beam-sputtered, hard-coating technology with unrivaled filter life. MaxMirror

ultra-broadband mirrors are rigorously tested and proven to MIL-STD-810F and MIL-C-48497A environmental standards; see page 5 for details.

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Büro DresdenT (+49) 3594/70 59 80F (+49) 3594/70 59 [email protected]

Büro MönchengladbachT (+49) 2161/30 73 00F (+49) 2161/30 73 [email protected]

Laser 2000 GmbHArgelsrieder Feld 14D-82234 Weßling / München

Telefon (+49) 8153 / 405-0Telefax (+49) 8153 / [email protected]

www.laser2000.de

Ihr führender Dienstleister in der

Photonik für Laser, Bildverarbeitung,

Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik,

Optoelektronik und optischer

Nachrichtentechnik in Europa.

Überzeugend durch Fachkompetenz,

Kundenorientierung und Service.

Kundenspezifische Lösungen durch

breites Produktspektrum.

Fach- und Sachkenntnis unserer

Mitarbeiter auf höchstem techni-

schen Niveau.

Kontinuierliches Wachstum basierend

auf langjährigem Kundenvertrauen.

Documents

Laser 2000 brochure2