Las regiones y los idiomas de España

Datos importante

4th most spoken language

• 1.2 billion persons speak Chinese• 508 million speak English• 497 speak Hindi• 392 million speak Spanish

Datos importantes4th language most geographically

widely spoken

• 112 countries English• 60 countries French• 57 countries Arabic

• 44 countries Spanish

Influences on the language

After Latin, the language that has had the biggest influence on Spanish is Arabic.

Today, the foreign language exerting the most influence is English, and Spanish has

adopted hundreds of English words related to technology and culture.

Words from Arabicalbacora — albacore

albahaca — basilalcatraz — pelican

alcázar — fortress, palacealcoba — bedroom, alcove

alcohol — alcoholalfombra — carpetalgodón — cotton

algoritmo — algorithmalmacén — storage

almirante — admiral

espinaca — spinachfulano — what's-his-nameguitarra — guitarharén — haremhasta — untilimán — imamislam — Islam

macabro — macabremasacre — massacremasaje — massagemezquita — mosquemomia — mummymono — monkey

Los 4 idiomas de España

Euskera – BasqueCastellano – Spanish

Gallego- GalicianCatalán - Catalan

Regiones de los 4 idiomas

EuskeraEuskara is easily the most unusual language of Spain

— and an unusual language for Europe as well, since it doesn't fit in the Indo-European family of

languages that includes Spanish as well as French, English and the other Romance and Germanic

languages. Euskara is the language spoken by the Basque

people, an ethnic group in both Spain and France that has its own identity as well as separatist

sentiments on both sides of the Franco-Spanish border. About 600,000 speak Euskara, sometimes

known as Basque, as a first language.

Euskera

What makes Euskara linguistically interesting is that it has not been shown conclusively to be related to any other language. In any case, it is likely that

Euskara, or least the language it developed from, has been in the area for thousands of years, and at one time it was spoken in

a much larger region.

Euskara influence on Spanish and English

The most common English word that comes from Euskara is "silhouette," the French spelling of a

Basque surname. The most common Spanish word that came from Euskara is izquierda, "left."

Pronunciación del EuskeraTX igual que la CH española

X igual que la "sh" inglesa.

S igual que la "s" del norte de España. En el mismo sitio, escoja el símbolo [s].

Z igual que la "s" del sur de España; [s].*

TZ es simplemente una [t] seguida de una [s], pronunciadas juntas y rápidamente.

Euskerakaixo (hello) eskerrik asko (thank you)bai (yes) ez (no) etxe (house) esnea (milk)bat (one) jatetxea (restaurant)

CatalánCatalan is spoken not only in Spain, but also in

parts of Andorra (where it is the national language), France and Sardinia in Italy.

Catalan looks something like a cross between Spanish and French, although it is a major

language in its own right and, some say, may be more similar to Italian than it is to Spanish. About 4 million people use Catalan as a first

language, with about that many also speaking it as a second language.

CatalánIts alphabet is similar to that of English, although it also includes a Ç. Vowels can

take both grave and acute accents (as in à and á, respectively) Grave accents are used in French and make the vowel sound more rounded. Acute is used in Spanish to show the stressed syllable. Conjugation is quite

similar to Spanish's.

Catalán sí (yes)si us plau (please) què tal? (how are you?) cantar (to sing) cotxe (car)l'home (the man) llengua, llengo (language)mitjanit (midnight)

Gallego

Galician has strong similarities to Portuguese, especially in vocabulary and syntax. It developed along with Portuguese until the 14th century, when a split developed, largely for

political reasons.

Gallego

About 4 million people speak Galician, 3 million of them in Spain,

the rest in Portugal with a few communities in Latin America.

Gallego

Galician: polo (chicken)día (day)ovo (egg)

amar (love) si (yes)

nom (no)ola (hello)

amigo/amiga (friend) cuarto de baño baño (bathroom)

comida (food)

Castilian Spanish vs. Latin American Spanish

Castilian Spanish or castellano comes from the Castilla Region of Spain –

central Spain. To the people who speak it, Spanish is sometimes called español and sometimes castellano (the Spanish

equivalent of "Castilian"). The labels used vary from region to region and

sometimes according to political viewpoint

Real Academia EspañolaThe Royal Spanish Academy (Real Academia Española),

created in the 18th century, is widely considered the arbiter of what is considered standard Spanish. It produces

authoritative dictionaries and grammar guides. Although its decisions do not have the force of law, they are widely followed in both Spain and Latin America. Among the

language reforms promoted by the Academy have been the use of the inverted question mark and exclamation point (¿ and ¡). Although they have been used by people who

speak some of the non-Spanish languages of Spain, they are otherwise unique to the Spanish language. Similarly unique to Spanish and a few local languages that have copied it is

the ñ, which became standardized around the 14th century.

English vs. SpanishSpanish and English share much of their vocabulary through cognates, as both

languages derive many of their words from Latin and Arabic. The biggest differences in the grammar of the two languages include Spanish's use of gender, a more extensive

verb conjugation and the widespread use of the subjunctive mood.

Euskera

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hjPR2NrKVdI Biarritz

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6tBx8xhc1m8 (Lila Downs)

Catalán Gisela

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJVx9_3fze8

Castellano

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_44klnkVVQc

Gallego

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQbo-yZ15_g

Catalán in the news

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24052713