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American Indian Activism. Larry J. Zimmerman, Ph.D., RPA Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. With the best of Intentions…. An IUPUI example. Indian Activism Pre-1900. Almost all white-run. Charles Eastman. Dawes Severalty Act. (1887) :. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Larry J. Zimmerman, Ph.D., RPAIndiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
American Indian Activism
With the best of Intentions…
An IUPUI example
Indian Activism Pre-1900
Charles Eastman
Almost all white-run
"The common field is the seat of barbarism, while the separate farm is the door to civilization. Sen. Henry Dawes, Massachusetts
He also noted that selfishness was the root of advanced civilization, and he could not understand why the Indians were not motivated to possess and achieve more than their neighbors
In 1887, the tribes had owned about 138 million acres; by 1900 the total acreage in Indian hands had fallen to 78 million
Dawes Severalty Act. (1887) :
See the precise language of the law at http://www.law.du.edu/russell/lh/alh/docs/dawesact.html
Henry Dawes
Indians as U.S. citizens, 1924
The “Progressive Era”
President Calvin Coolidge with four Osage Indians after Coolidge signed the granting Indians full U.S. citizenship
The Indian Reorganization Act, 1934a.k.a. Wheeler-Howard Act
Roosevelt’s New Deal for Indians
John Collier as first Native BIA director
Instituted US style constitutional goverment
The impact of World War II
Getting something back: The Indian Claims Commission
US—1946
Canada—1991 but with earlier versions since 1927
Termination and Relocation
Activism and the resurgence of tribal power
1970s Activism
Contemporary Activism
Casinos and economic resurgenceActivism with power…