Large Seated Buddha with Standing Bodhisattva, from Cave 20, Yungang, Shanxi Province, China. Northern Wei dynasty, c. 460–70 CE.

Stone. height 44 ft.Werner Forman / Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 18-1]

The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem. late 680s–91.© Ivan Vdovin / Alamy. [Fig. 18-2]

Santa Costanza, Rome. c. 354 CE.Scala / Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 18-3]

Theodora and Her Attendants. c. 547.Mosaic, sidewall of the apse, San Vitale.Canali Photobank, Milan, Italy. [Fig. 18-4]

Justinian and His Attendants. c. 547.Mosaic, sidewall of the apse, San Vitale.Canali Photobank, Milan, Italy. [Fig. 18-5]

Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus. Hagia Sophia, Istanbul. 532–37.

© Achim Bednorz, Koln. [Fig. 18-6a]

Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus. Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (plan). 532–37.

© Achim Bednorz, Koln. [Fig. 18-6b]

Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus. Hagia Sophia, interior view. 532–37.

Ayhan Altun/Altunimages. [Fig. 18-7]

Christ, from Deësis mosaic. 13th century.Ayhan Altun/Altunimages. [Fig. 18-8]

Courtyard of the Great Mosque of Damascus. 705–16.Christopher Rennie/Robert Harding World Imagery. [Fig. 18-9]

Tile mosaic mihrab, from the Madrasa Imami, Isfahan, Persia (Iran).c. 1354 (restored).

Glazed and cut ceramic. 11 ft. 3 in. × 7 ft. 6 in.Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art

Resource, NY. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, U.S.A., Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1939 (39.20). [Fig. 18-10]

Djingareyber Mosque, Timbuktu. 11th century.© Danita Delimont / Alamy. [Fig. 18-11]

Interior of the sanctuary of the Mosque at Córdoba, Spain. 786–987.© Achim Bednorz, Koln. [Fig. 18-12]

Purse cover, from Sutton Hoo burial ship. c. 625.Gold with Indian garnets and cloisonné enamel, originally on an ivory or

bone background (now lost). length 8 in.© The Trustees of the British Museum / Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 18-13]

St. Matthew from the Lindisfarne Gospels. c. 700.approximately 11 × 9 in.

By permission of The British Library. [Fig. 18-14]

St. Matthew from the Gospel Book of Charlemagne. c. 800–810.Manuscript page. 12-3/4 × 9-7/8 in.

Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria. [Fig. 18-15]

Gislebertus. Last Judgment, tympanum and lintel, west portal, Cathedral, Autun, France. c. 1125–35.

Stone. approximately 12 ft. 6 in. × 22 ft.© Achim Bednorz, Koln. [Fig. 18-16]

West facade, Chartres Cathedral. c. 1134–1220;south spire, c. 1160; north spire 1507–13.

Robert Harding Picture Library, Ltd./Alamy. [Fig. 18-17]

Choir of Cologne Cathedral, Germany. 13th and 14th centuries.© Svenja-Foto/zefa/CORBIS. [Fig. 18-18]

Florence Cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore). begun by Arnolfo de Cambio, 1296; dome by Filippo Brunelleschi, 1420–36.

Vanni / Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 18-19]

Central portal of the west facade of Reims Cathedral. c. 1225–90.Gianni Dagli Orti / The Art Archive at Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 18-20]

Annunciation and Visitation, detail, west portal, Reims Cathedral. c. 1225–45.

© Angelo Hornak / Alamy. [Fig. 18-21]

Shiva Nataraja, Lord of the Dance. southern India, eleventh century.Copper. height. 43-1/8 in.

© The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J.H. Wade Fund 1930.331. [Fig. 18-22]

The Goddess Durga Killing the Buffalo Demon, Mahisha (Mahishasuramardini), Bangladesh or India. Pala period, 12th century.

Argillite. height 5-5/16 in.Purchase, Diana and Arthur G. Altschul Gift, 1993 (1993.7). The

Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, U.S.A. Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 18-23]

Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India.Chandella dynasty, c. 1025–50.

© Neil Grant / Alamy. [Fig. 18-24]

Great Wild Goose Pagoda at Ci’en Temple, Xi’an, Shanxi.Tang dynasty, first erected 645 CE.

© Kevin O´Hara/Age Fotostock. [Fig. 18-25]

Guo Xi. Early Spring. 1072 (Northern Song dynasty).Hanging scroll, ink, and slight color on silk. length 60 in.Lee & Lee Communications / Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 18-26]

Todaiji temple, Nara, Japan. 752, reconstructed 1709.© Sakamoto Photo Research Laboratory/CORBIS. [Fig. 18-27]

Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace, detail, from the Scrolls of Events of the Heiji Period. Kamakura period, late 13th century.

Handscroll, ink and colors on paper. 16-1/4 × 275-1/2 in.Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Fenollosa-Weld Collection. 11.4000. Photograph

© 2012 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. [Fig. 18-28]

Armor (yoroi). late Kamakura period, early 14th century.Lacquered iron and leather, silk, stenciled leather, copper-gilt. height

37-1/2 in.; weight 38 lb. 3 oz.Gift of Bashford Dean, 1914 (14.100.121 b-e). The Metropolitan Museum of

Art, New York, NY, U.S.A. Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 18-29]

Head of a King (Oni), Ife culture, Nigeria. c. 13th century.Brass. height 11-7/16 in.

Dirk Bakker, Museum of Ife Antiquities, Nigeria. [Fig. 18-30]

Bird carved from soapstone, Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe. c. 1200–1400.height 14-1/2 in., atop a stone monolith, total height 64 in.

Great Zimbabwe Site Museum, Zimbabwe. [Fig. 18-31]

Beta Ghiorghis (House of St. George), Lalibela, Ethiopia. 13th century.© Kazuyoshi Nomachi/HAGA/ The Image Works. [Fig. 18-32]