Language Planning and Policy * Dr. Azadeh Asgari

8/3/2019 Language Planning and Policy * Dr. Azadeh Asgari

1/18

JFCL^FLN

RJFCC@CL $ RKJ@MP

J@CL^@]U@M FRRJ@MFU@KC] @C UN]J

Ew# Fzfenh F}lfw`


2/18

End`c`u`kc

Jfcl~fln rjfcc`cl `} f lktnwcincu f~uhkw`zne*

jkclunwi * }~}uf`cne* fce mkc}m`k~} nddkwu uk

fjunw f jfcl~fln } d~cmu`kc `c f }km`nup dkw uhnr~wrk}n kd }kjt`cl mkii~c`mfu`kc rwkgjni} # @u

wnrwn}ncu} f mkhnwncu nddkwu gp `ce`t`e~fj} *

lwk~r} * kw kwlfc`zfu`kc} uk `cdj~ncmn jfcl~fln~}n kw entnjkrincu #


3/18

Jfcl~fln rkj`mp fce rjfcc`cl * enm`}`kc} fw`}n `cwn}rkc}n uk }km`krkjù`mfj cnne} # Jfcl~fln rjfcc`cl

enm`}`kc} ifp gn wnv~`wne* dkw nxfirjn* |hnwn f c~ignwkd j`cl~`}u`m lwk~r mkirnun dkw fmmn}} uk uhn inmhfc`}i}

kd efpukefp j`dn kw |hnwn f rfwu`m~jfw j`cl~`}u`m i`ckwùp

`} enc`ne fmmn}} uk }~mh inmhfc`}i} # Jfcl~fln rjfcc`cl

enm`}`kc} upr`mfjjp fuuniru uk innu uhn}n cnne} gpwne~m`cl j`cl~`}u`m e`tnw}ùp # (n#l ? `c @cekcn}`f fce

ifcp e`fjnmu} kd Mh`cn}n )


4/18

]km`kjkl`}u} kw rkjù`mfj }m`ncu`}u} ifp d`w}u èncu`dp fce f}}n}}

uhn cnne dkw }kin }kwu kd fmu`kc #

J`cl~`}u} mfc rwkrnwjp rfwu`m`rfun `c uhn cnne} f}}n}}incu }ufln

uk enunwi`cn `d uhn jfcl~fln} kw e`fjnmu} mhk}nc fenv~funjpfeewn}} uhn rwkgjni#

Ne~mfukw} `cmkwrkwfun jfcl~fln rjfcc`cl jnl`}jfu`kc `cuk fmu`kc

fce entnjkr rwklwfi} uk d~jd`jj uhn cnne} èncu`d`ne#

\wùnw} annr ~r uhn uwfeù`kc kd |wù`cl `c f ep`cl jfcl~fln kwmkirjnun |wùunc |kwa} `c f rwnt`k~}jp ~c|wùunc jfcl~fln#

Cfu`kcfj Jfcl~fln Fmfeni`n} ifp ktnw}nn kcn kw ikwn rhf}n}

kd uhn jfcl~fln rjfcc`cl rwkmn}}#(n#l? Uhn Fmfeni`n Dwfcmf`}n

kw Uhn U~wa`}h J`cl~`}u`m ]km`nup )


5/18

Uhn wn}rkc}n kd ne~mfu`kcfj }p}uni} uk lktnwcincu jfcl~flnrjfcc`cl jnl`}jfu`kc ifp nùhnw rwkikun kw wne~mn j`cl~`}u`me`tnw}ùp#

Wn}rkc}n} uhfu wne~mnj`cl~`}u`m e`tnw}ùp `cmj~en? Ikckj`cl~fj `c}uw~mu`kc `c uhn ufwlnu jfcl~fln# Uwfc}ù`kcfj g`j`cl~fj ne~mfu`kc* `c |h`mh `c}uw~mu`kc uìn `c uhn mh`je,}

cfu`tn jfcl~fln `} lwfe~fjjp wne~mne#

Wn}rkc}n} uhfu rwkikun j`cl~`}u`m e`tnw}ùp `cmj~en? Jfcl~fln if`cuncfcmn rwklwfi} uhfu nirhf}`zn nv~fjjp uhn mh`je,}

cfu`tn jfcl~fln fce m~ju~wn fce uhn ufwlnu jfcl~fln fce m~ju~wn# @iinw}`kc rwklwfi}* |hnwn Nclj`}h}rnfa`cl mh`jewnc fwn uf~lhu `c fc

ncu`wnjp Dwncmh}rnfa`cl nct`wkcincu # (n#l? uhn ]u# Jfignwu rwklwfi `cV~ngnm )


6/18

Uhn ]~c Jfcl~fln Uhnkwp |f} entnjkrne* f uhnkwp

|h`mh }f`e uhfu U~wa`}h |f} uhn ikuhnw ukcl~n kd uhn

|kwje fce uhfu * |hnc U~wa`}h gkwwk|ne dwki kuhnwjfcl~fln} * `u |f} wnfjjp ufa`cl gfma |hfu hfe kw`l`cfjjp

gnnc U~wa`}h fcp|fp# ]kin enj`gnwfun fuuniru} |nwn

ifen uk r~w`dp uhn jfcl~fln * g~u uhn}n |nwn cku tnwp

}~mmn}}d~j * fce ukefp U~wa`}h `} d~jj kd gkwwk|`cl}*rfwu`m~jfwjp dwki Nclj`}h * Dwncmh fce kuhnw N~wkrnfc

jfcl~fln} #


7/18

Jfcl~fln Rjfcc`cl Mfc Gn E`tène @cuk Uhwnn ]~g

eìnc}`kc}?

6) ]ufu~} Rjfcc`cl ? wndnw} uk enj`gnwfun nddkwu} uk fjjkmfun uhn d~cmu`kc} kd

jfcl~fln} fce jùnwfm`n} |ùh`c f }rnnmh mkii~cùp# @ub} mhfcln} uhn d~cmu`kckd f jfcl~fln kw f tfw`nup kd f jfcl~fln fce uhn w`lhu} kd uhk}n |hk ~}n ù # @u `}

kdunc rfwu fce rfwmnj kd mwnfu`cl f cn| |wù`cl }p}uni fce unce} uk gn uhn ik}u

mkcuwktnw}`fj f}rnmu kd jfcl~fln rjfcc`cl #

7) Mkw~r} Rjfcc`cl ? wndnw} uk rwn}mw`ru`tn `cunwtncu`kc `c uhn dkwi} kd f

jfcl~fln# Uh`} ifp gn fmh`ntne gp mwnfu`cl cn| |kwe} kw nxrwn}}`kc} *ike`dp`cl kje kcn} * kw }njnmu`cl fikcl fjunwcfu`tn dkwi} # Uhn fì} uk

entnjkr uhn wn}k~wmn} kd jfcl~fln kw tfw`nup kd f jfcl~fln # @ub} kdunc wnjfune uk

uhn }ufcefwe`zfu kc kd f jfcl~fln * `ctkjt`cl uhn rwnrfwfu`kc kd f ckwifu`tn

kwuhklwfrhp * lwfiifw fce e`mu`kcfwp dkw uhn l~èfcmn kd |wùnw} fce }rnfanw}

`c f }rnnmh mkii~cùp #


8/18

= ) Fmv~`}ù`kc Rjfcc`cl ? mkcmnwc} uhn unfmh`cl fce jnfwc`cl kd

jfcl~fln} * |hnuhnw cfu`kcfj jfcl~fln} kw }nmkce fce dkwn`lc

jfcl~fln} #@u `ctkjtn} nddkwu} uk `cdj~ncmn uhn c~ignw kd ~}nw} fce

uhn e`}uw`g~u`kc kd jfcl~fln} fce jùnwfm`n} fmh`ntne gp mwnfu`clkrrkwu~cù`n} kw `cmncu`tn} uk jnfwc uhni # ]~mh nddkwu} ifp gn

gf}ne kc rkj`m`n} kd f}}ì`jfu`kc kw rj~wfj`}i# @ub} e`wnmujp wnjfune

uk jfcl~fln }rwnfe#


9/18

Jfcl~fln rjfcc`cl nddkwu} upr`mfjjp `cmj~en }ntnwfj }ufln} # Uhn d`w}u}ufln `} f cnne} fcfjp}`} * `ctkjt`cl f }m`krkjù`mfj fcfjp}`} kdmkii~c`mfu`kc rfuunwc} |ùh`c uhn }km`nup # Uhn }nmkce }ufln} `c uhnjfcl~fln rjfcc`cl rwkmn}} `ctkjtn uhn }njnmu`kc kd f jfcl~fln kwjfcl~fln tfw`nup dkw rjfcc`cl r~wrk}n} #

Uhn}n }ufln} fwn }kinuìn} wndnwwne uk f} }ufu~} rjfcc`cl fce`cmj~en ?

Mke`d`mfu`kc? Mhfwfmunw`}u`m} kw mwùnw`f kd f lkke jfcl~flnn}ufgj`}hne#

]ufcefwe`zfu`kc? F ~c`d`ne tfw`nup kd uhn jfcl~fln `} n}ufgj`}hne `dcnmn}}fwp#


10/18

Uhn cnxu }ufln} `c uhn jfcl~fln rjfcc`cl rwkmn}} `} D`cn u~c`cl *

uhn }njnmune jfcl~fln kw jfcl~fln tfw`nup `} wndnwwne uk f} mkwr~}

rjfcc`cl fce `cmj~en ?

Njfgkwfu`kc ? Fcp kd tfw`nup kd entnjkrincu}* `cmj~e`cl

nxrfc}`kc kd tkmfg~jfwp* nxrfc}`kc kd }upj`}u`m} wnrnwuk`wn * fce

mwnfu`kc kd uprn dkcu}* fjjk|} uhn jfcl~fln uk d~cmu`kc `c f lwnfunw

wfcln kd m`wm~i}ufcmn} #

M~ju`tfu`kc ? Uhn n}ufgj`}hincu kd fwg`unw} *}~mh f} e`mu`kcfw`n} kwjfcl~fln fmfeni`n}* if`cuf`c} fce fetfcmn} uhn }ufu~} kd uhn

jfcl~fln #


11/18

Jfcl~fln rjfcc`cl ifp fddnmu fjj fwnf} kd jfcl~fln ~}ng~u upr`mfjjp mkcmncuwfun} kc uhn ikwn kg}nwtfgjn kcn}#

\wù`cl ? Uhn |wùunc dkwi kd f jfcl~fln ifp hftn uk gnentnjkrne* ike`d`ne* kw }ufcefwe`zne# (n#l ? U~wa`}h jfcl~fln )

Jnx`mkc ? Uhn tkmfg~jfwp kd f jfcl~fln ifp cnne uk nxrfce ukannr rfmn |ùh `cmwnf}`cl unmhckjkl`mfj entnjkrincu# (n#l ?]|nenc )

]pcufx ? Uhn }pcufx kd uhn jfcl~fln ifp cnne uk nxrfce f} uhnjfcl~fln ufan} kc f cfu`kcfj d~cmu`kc # (n#l ? rèl`c `c Rfr~f Cn|L~`cnf )


12/18

Jfcl~fln rjfcc`cl hf} en}mw`gne dk~w upr`mfj ènkjkl`n} uhfu ifpiku`tfun fmu~fj enm`}`kc ifa`cl `c rfwu`m~jfw }km`nup ?6 ) J`cl~`}u`m F}}ì`jfu`kc ? `} uhn gnj`nd uhfu ntnwpkcn * wnlfwejn}} kd kw`l`c * }hk~je

jnfwc uhn eki`cfcu jfcl~fln kd uhn }km`nup#(n#l ? `c Dwfcmn fce ^cùne ]ufun )7 ) J`cl~`}u`m Rj~wfj`}i ? uhn wnmklcù`kc kd ikwn uhfc kcn jfcl~fln * fj}k ufan} ftfw`nup kd dkwi}# @u mfc gn unwwùkw`fjjp gf}ne kw `ce`tè~fjjp gf}ne kw uhnwn ifp gn}kin mkig`cfu`kc kd uhn u|k # @u mfc gn mkirjnun kw rfwu`fj * }k uhfu fjj kw kcjp}kin f}rnmu} kd j`dn mfc gn mkce~mune `c ikwn uhfc kcn jfcl~fln `c f }km`nup # (n#l ?Mfcfef * Gnj`l`~i * ]`clfrkw )

=) Tnwcfm~jfw`zfu`kc ? `} uhn wn}ukwfu`kc kw njfgkwfu`kc kd fc `ce`lnck~} jfcl~flnfce ù} fekru`kc f} fc kdd`m`fj jfcl~fln# (n#l? gfhf}f @cekcn}`f `c @cekcn}`f *Hngwn| `c @}wfnj )

5 ) @cunwcfu`kcfj`zfu`kc ? `} uhn fekru`kc kd f ckc `ce`lnck~} jfcl~fln kd |ènw

mkii~c`mfu`kc nùhnw f} fc kdd m`fj jfcl~fln kw dkw }~mh r~wrk}n} f} ne~mfu`kc kw

uwfen# ( n#l ? Nclj`}h `c ]`clfrkwn*@ce`f )


13/18

Uk wn`cdkwmn uhn dkm~} kd uhn }nmwnufw`fu} fmu`tù`n} kc rwkiku`cl uhn~}n kd }km`nup # (Uh`} ncuf`j} `cmj~e`cl fikcl ù} d~cmu`kc} uhnrwkiku`kc kd jfcl~fln gnhft`k~w |h`mh nc}~wn} uhn ~}n kd }km`nup *nchfcmnincu kd uhn }km`fj rnwmnru`kc kd uhn ~u`jùp * ikenwcùp fce

rwn}u`ln kd Mfufjfc* fce fc `cmwnf}n `c uhn }~rrjp fce enifce kd}nwt`mn} fce rwke~mu} `c }km`nup #)

Uk `cuwke~mn d~cmu`kc} mkccnmune |ùh uhn jfcl~fln |njmkin dkw fce}a`jj} entnjkrincu kd wnmncu ìi`lwfcu} uk }km`nup #

Uk wn`cdkwmn ù} d~cmu`kc} mkccnmune |ùh ew`t`cl fce m`wm~jfu`cl

wn}k~wmn} |h`mh dfm`jùfun mkii~c`mfu`kc `c }km`nup * n}rnm`fjjp `c uhnd`nje kd jfcl~fln unmhckjklp#

Uk wn`cdkwmn uhn wn}rkc}n uk v~nw`n} * mkirjf`cu} fce rwkun}u} d`jnegp mù`znc} mkirj`fcmn |ùh rwntf`j`cl jnl`}jfu`kc#

Uk wn`cdkwmn uhn uwfc}tnw}fjùp kd jfcl~fln rjfcc`cl |h`mh ncuf`j}ìrwkt`cl mkkwe`cfu`kc gnu|nnc enrfwuincu} fu ifcflnincu fce

unmhc`mfj jntnj}#


14/18

6# Kw`l`c kd uhn mkcufmu }ù~fu`kc? Tkj~cufwp i`lwfu`kc* n}rnm`fjjp kd`ce`tè~fj} fce dfi`j`n}* wn}~ju} `c uhn ik}u wfrè jfcl~fln }h`du#Fccnxfu`kc fce mkjkc`zfu`kc unce uk wn}~ju `c i~mh }jk|nw jfcl~fln}h`du* `d fu fjj#

7# ]ufu~} e`ddnwncu`fj `c rk|nw fce nmkcki`m} ? Uhn rk|nw wnjfu`kc}h`rfikcl }rnnmh mkii~cù`n} fce ù} nddnmu kc uhn`w jfcl~fln} `} |njjekm~incune# @c f }u~ep uk nxfi`cn} uhn rk|nw e`ddnwncu`fj gnu|nnclwk~r} fce mkcmj~en} uhfu ù `} nv~fjùpcku cnmn}}fw`jp nv~fjùp kd }`zng~u kd }ì`jfw jntnj kd }km`knmkcki`m entnjkrincuuhfu rwkikun}if`cuncfcmn kd `ce`lnck~} jfcl~fln} fce }km`nufj g`j`cl~fj`}i #

=# M~ju~wfj tfj~n} ? uhn |fp `c |h`mh uhn nxrwn}}`kc kd rk}ù`tn fceh`lhjp tfj~ne f}rnmu} kd uhn }njd mkin} uk gn gk~ce uk nxrwn}}`kcuhwk~lh f rfwu`m~jfw jfcl~fln `} uhn ik}u mw~m`fj dfmukw `cdj~ncm`cl uhnwfun fce d`cfjùp kd jfcl~fln }h`du# Jfcl~fln `} fc ìrkwufcu ifwanw kdnuhc`m èncuùp#


15/18

5# Eniklwfrh`m} ?Uhn }`zn kd uhn }rnnmh mkii~cùp wndjnmu} uhntùfjùp fce rkuncu`fjùp dkw jfcl~fln }h`du kw if`cuncfcmn#

># Jùnwfmp ? \wùunc jùnwfmp `cmwnf}n} uhn ~}nd~jcn}} kd fjfcl~fln* uhnwngp nxrfce`cl uhn ~}n kd uhn jfcl~fln* gp rwktè`clf ifwanu dkw ù} rwke~mu}# Hk|ntnw ckun} uhfu `c }km`nu`n} |ùh kwfjuwfeù`kc}* jfcl~fln} mfc gn if`cuf`cne uhwk~lh uhn ~}n kd wfe`k}fce uhn rwke~mu`kc fce e~gg`cl kd d`ji} fce tènkufrn}#

4#E`fjnmu e`tnw}ùp ? ]kin }km`nu`n} fwn ikwn e`tnw}n uhfc kuhnw}`c uhn c~ignw} kd e`fjnmu fce jfcl~fln }rnfanw}# @c mkirjnx

i~ju`j`cl~fj }km`nu`n}* |hnwn }rnfanw} kd tfw`k~} e`fjnmu} fcejfcl~fln} i~}u mkii~c`mfun |ùh nfmh kuhnw* f mkiikcjfcl~fln* kw j`cl~f dwfcmf* fw`}n} nùhnw cfu~wfjjp `c uhn mk~w}n kdcnmn}}fwp nmkcki`m uwfc}fmu`kc}* kw uhwk~lh lktnwcincufj rkj`mpuhfu n}ufgj`}hn} fc kdd`m`fj jfcl~fln#


16/18


17/18

Uhn rwn}nwtfu`kc fce }uwncluhnc`cl kd f jfcl~fln mfccku gn jndu ukjfcl~fln rjfccnw}* lktnwcincu jnfenw}* fce j`cl~`}u}# F} jfcl~fln~}nw}* |n fjj mkcuw`g~un uk uhn rfuunwc} kd jfcl~fln ~}n `c k~w }km`nup*e~n* `c jfwln rfwu* uk uhn tfj~n} fce fuuù~en} |n hkje# F rk}ù`tn wnlfwe

dkw k~w k|c m~ju~wn fce jfcl~fln }~rrkwu} uhn`w tùfjùp# \n fj}k hkjetfj~n} fce fuuù~en} uk|fwe} kuhnw rnkrjn} m~ju~wn} fce jfcl~fln}|h`mh mkcuw`g~un uk uhn`wlwk~r èncuùp fce }~wt`tfj# F} unfmhnw}* uhn}ntfj~n} fce fuuù~en} ìrfmu ef`jp kc hk| |n `cunwfmu |ùh k~w }u~encu}fce hk| |n unfmh# F} rfwncu}* |n mkcuw`g~un uk uhn nxrfc}`kc kd fjfcl~fln gp ~}`cl ù |ùh k~w mh`jewnc fce |n mkcuw`g~un uk ù}

nxu`cmu`kc gp cku ~}`cl ù# F} inignw} kd f mkii~cùp* |n mfc}~mm~ig uk uhn rk|nwd~j dkwmn} kd ikenwc`zfu`kc kw |n mfc f|fanc ukuhn `cd`cùn fwwfp kd rk}}`g`jù`n} dwki fcmn}uwfj fce mkcunirkwfwpm~ju~wn}* fce dwki uhni* dkwln f rnw}kcfj fce mkii~cùp èncuùp uhfu `}hnfjuhp* o~}u* fce ènfjjp }ù~fune uk dfmn uhn mhfjjncln} kd uhn 76}umncu~wp# \n mfc hnjr g~`je uhn a`ce kd mkii~cùp |n |fcu dkw

k~w}njtn} fce k~w mh`jewnc# Fce kcn kd uhn |fp} uk ek uh`} `} gp}uwncluhnc`cl k~w jfcl~fln#


18/18

Mkkrnw*W#J#(6080)#Jfcl~fln rjfcc`cl fce }km`fj mhfcln# Mfigwèln ?

Mfigwèln ^c`tnw}ùp Rwn}}

D`}hifc*O#(6006)# Wntnw}`cl jfcl~fln }h`du# Mjntnekc* Ftkc? I~ju`j`cl~fj

Ifuunw} Jue#

Hkwcgnwlnw*C#C#*$W`mncuk*U#A#(Ne})#(6004)#Jfcl~fln rjfcc`cl fce rkj`mp

(]rnm`fj @}}~n)UN]KJ V~fwunwjp*=2(=)

Wkcfje \fwehf~lh#(7227)# [[ 5uh ne# Fc `cuwke~mu`kc uk ]km`kj`cl~`}u`m}

(Gjfma|njj unxugkka} `c j`cl~`}u`m}15)

Documents

Language Planning and Policy * Dr. Azadeh Asgari