Landscaping with Natives Plants

to Attract the Three Bs: Birds,

Bees, and Butterflies

Christa Partain, MS

Maryland Native Plant Society

January 31, 2012

Garden Habitat Checklist

• Provide food:

Use local native plants

Chose several colors of flowers

Plant flowers in clumps

Include flowers of different shapes

Have a diversity of plants flowering all season

• Supply water

• Create cover

• Provide shelter from strong winds

• Reduce or eliminate chemical use

Trait

Animal Bees Beetles Birds Butterflies Flies Moths

Color

Bright white,

yellow, blue, or

UV

Dull white or

green

Scarlet,

orange, red

or white

Bright, including

red and purple

Pale and dull to

dark brown or

purple; flecked

with translucent

patches

Pale and dull red,

purple, pink or

white

Odor Fresh, mild,

pleasant

None to

strongly fruity

or fetid

None Faint but fresh Putrid Strong sweet;

emitted at night

Nectar Usually present

Sometimes

present; not

hidden

Ample;

deeply

hidden

Ample; deeply

hidden Usually absent

Ample; deeply

hidden

Pollen

Limited; often

sticky and

scented

Ample Modest Limited Modest in amount Limited

Flower

Shape

Shallow; have

landing

platform;

tubular

Large bowl-

like,

Magnolia

Large funnel

like; cups,

strong perch

support

Narrow tube with

spur; wide

landing pad

Shallow; funnel

like or complex

and trap-like

Regular; tubular

without a lip

Bats can also be pollinators; however, in this area, bats are insectivores.

Flower Shape & Pollinators

http://webpub.allegheny.edu/dept/bio/bio220/Milt_lectures/220PlantReproductiveMutualisms.htm

http://anpsa.org.au/APOL15/sep99-1.html

(Mints)

(Fothergilla)

(Rose)

(Hosta)

Hummingbirds

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://sdakotabirds.com/species_photos/photos/

ruby_throated_hummingbird_3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://sdakotabirds.com/species_photos/ruby_throated_hummingbird.htm

Native Plants that Attract

Hummingbirds • Crimson-eyed Rosemallow (Hibiscus moscheutos)*

• May Pop (Passiflora incarnata)*

• Virgin’s Bower & Vasevine (Clematis virginiana & C. viorna)*

• Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens)*

• Jewelweed & Touch-me-not (Impatiens capensis & I. pallida)

• Trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans)*

• Bee balm (Monarda didyma)

• Wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa)*

• Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis)*

• Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis)*

• Turk’s-cap lily (Lilium superbum)

• Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)*

* Deer resistant/tolerant

Dry Soils, Full sun

missouriplants.com/Yellowalt/Oenothera_biennis_page.html

http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/topics.cgi?earl=plant_profile.cgi&symbol=MODI

Bee balm (Monarda didyma)

Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis)

Moist Soils

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Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)

Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens)

Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens) Virgin’s Bower (Clematis virginiana)

Wet Soils

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Turk’s-cap lily (Lilium superbum)

Touch-me-not (Impatiens pallida)

Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis)

Crimson-eyed Rosemallow (Hibiscus moscheutos)

Adaptable, full sun

http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/cara.html

Trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans)

Seeding-eating Birds

• Chickadees

• Tufted Titmouse

• Nuthatches

• Blue Jays

• Orioles

• Cardinals

• Finches

• Grosbeaks

• Buntings

• Towhees

• Sparrows

jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/birds/grosbeaks-backyard-may07/red-breasted-grosbeak-front.JPG

www.ownbyphotography.com/Hooded-Oriole-9775C.jpg

www.houstonaudubon.org/html/TitmouseAMmed.jpg

Plants for Seeds

• Native grasses & sedges

• Pines (Pinus spp.)

• Maples (Acer spp.)*

• Birches (Betula spp.)*

• Ashes (Fraxinus spp.)*

• Sweet-gum (Liquidambar styraciflua)

• Asters (Aster spp.)

• Bonesets (Eupatorium spp.)

• Sunflowers (Helianthus spp.)

• Coneflowers (Rudbeckia spp.)*

• Goldenrods (Solidago spp.)*

• Oaks (Quercus spp.) foliage is deer resistant

• Partridge peas (Cassia spp.)

• Tick trefoils (Desmodium spp.)

*deer resistant/tolerant

Trees

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Oaks (Quercus spp.)

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Ashes (Fraxinus spp.)

Birches (Betula spp.)*

Pines (Pinus spp.) Maples (Acer spp.)

Sweet-gum (Liquidambar styraciflua)

Herbaceous Plants

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Partridge peas (Cassia spp.)

Sunflowers (Helianthus spp.) Bonesets (Eupatorium spp.) Goldenrods (Solidago spp.)

Asters (Aster spp.)

Herbaceous Plants

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http://www.all-creatures.org/picb/wfshl-ticktrefoil-pl-02.html

Tick trefoils (Desmodium spp.)

Coneflowers (Rudbeckia spp.)

Grasses

& Sedges

http://www.nps.gov/wica/naturescience/grasses-little-blue-stem.htm

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http://www.prairiemoon.com/seeds/grasses

-sedges-rushes/carex-granularis-pale-sedge

Berry-eating Birds

• Chickadees • Grosbeaks

• Tufted Titmouse • Towhees

• Mockingbirds • Thrashers

• Catbirds • Bluebirds

• Robins • Thrushes

• Tanagers • Blue Jays

• Orioles

• Finches

• Buntings

• Sparrows

• Cardinals

www.focusonnature.com/Bluejay12.jpg

Plants for Berries • Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana)*

• Sumacs (Rhus spp.)*

• Hollies and Winterberries (Ilex spp.)

• Viburnum spp.*

• Dogwoods (Cornus spp.)

• Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana)

• Huckleberries (Gaylussacia spp.)

• Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.)

• Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)*

• Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)

• Sour Gum (Nyssa sylvatica)*

• Fringe Tree (Chionanthus virginicus)

• Serviceberries (Amelanchier spp.)*

• Cherries (Prunus spp.)

• Blackberries and Raspberries (Rubus spp.)

*deer resistant/tolerant

These are

beautiful woody

plants that have

multiple season

garden interest

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Woody Plants with

Multi-Season

Interest

Hollies and

Winterberries (Ilex spp.)

Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana)

Sumacs (Rhus spp.)

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https://facultystaff.richmond.edu/~jhayden

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%20Plants/nyssa_sylvatica_611QU_02s.JPG

Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)

Sour Gum (Nyssa sylvatica)

Viburnum spp.

http://maryland.sierraclub.org/hc/pictures/2007/05/20070512-gf-FringeTree.jpg

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http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/c/chivir/chivir1.html

http://hoosiergardener.com/?tag=serviceberry

Fringe Tree (Chionanthus virginicus)

Serviceberries (Amelanchier spp.)

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Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)

Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) Dogwoods (Cornus spp.)

Pokeweed, an herbaceous plant,

is great too !

http://www.ask.com/wiki/Phytolacca_americana

(Phytolacca americana)

Insect-eating Birds

• Chickadees • Tufted Titmouse

• Mockingbirds • Thrashers

• Catbirds • Bluebirds

• Robins • Thrushes

• Tanagers • Blue Jays

• Orioles • Cardinals

• Finches • Grosbeaks

• Buntings • Towhees

• Sparrows • Woodpeakers

• Flycatchers • Kingbirds

• Phoebes • Purple Martins

• Swallows • Swifts

• Vireos • Warblers

• Wrens

http

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These birds will help to take care of insect pests.

Butterflies

Over 100 species of butterflies are found in Maryland.

Here are 20 of the most “charismatic”

• American Lady • Baltimore Checkerspot

• Black Swallowtail • Cloudless Sulphur

• Comma • Gray Hairstreak

• Great Spangled • Variegated Fritillary

• Hackberry Emperor • Monarch

• Mourning Cloak • Northern Pearly-Eye

• Pearl Crescent • Red Spotted Purple

• Question Mark

• Red Admiral

• Spicebush Swallowtail

• Tiger Swallowtail

• Viceroy

• Zebra Swallowtail www.kidsforturtles.com/images/Baltimore%20Checkerspot%

20in%20Minesing2%20July%203,%202007.JPG

www.mlewallpapers.com/image/16x9-Widescreen-1/view/Swallowtail-Butterfly-II-167.jpg

Butterflies Need Nectar • Milkweeds (Asclepias spp.)*

• Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis)

• Black Cohosh (Actaea americana, A. racemosa*)

• Sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia)

• Joe-Pye weeds (Eupatorium fistulosum, E. purpureum)

• Hardy ageratum (Eupatorium coelestinum)

• Sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale)*

• Swamp sunflower (Helianthus angustifolius)

• Blazing star (Liatris spicata)*

• Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata)*

• Mountain mint (Pycnanthemum tenuifolium)

• Goldenrod (Solidago spp.)*

• New York ironweed (Vernonia novaboracensis)

* Deer resistant/tolerant

www.gardeninggonewild.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/asclepias-spp-08.jpg

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Milkweeds

(Asclepias spp.)

Mountain mint (Pycnanthemum tenuifolium)

Blazing star (Liatris spicata)

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Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis)

Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa)

Sweet pepperbush

(Clethra alnifolia)

Pickerelweed

(Pontederia cordata)

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Moist Soils

New York ironweed (Vernonia novaboracensis)

Hardy ageratum (Eupatorium coelestinum)

They Need Host Plants** Too! • American Lady – Pussytoes (Antennaria plantaginifolia)

• Baltimore Checkerspot – White turtlehead (Chelone glabra)

• Black Swallowtail – Black snakeroot (Sanicula canadensis)

• Gray Hairstreak – White oak (Quercus alba)*

• Great Spangled & Variegated Fritillaries – Violets (Viola spp.)

• Monarch – Milkweeds (Asclepias spp.)*

• Mourning Cloak – Black willow (Salix nigra)

• Northern Pearly-Eye – Wild oats (Chasmanthium latifolium)*

• Pearl Crescent – White wood aster (Eurybia divaricata)

• Question Mark – American Elm (Ulmus americana)

• Red Admiral – Wood Nettle (Laportea canadensis) False nettle

• (Boehmeria cylindrica)

• Red Spotted Purple – Black cherry (Prunus serotina)

• Spicebush Swallowtail – Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)* Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)*

• Tiger Swallowtail – Tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera)*

• Viceroy – Black willow (Salix nigra)

• Zebra Swallowtail – Paw Paw (Asminia triloba)

*deer resistant/tolerant

**Butterfly larvae (caterpillars) feed on host plants

Moist to Wet Soils

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Black willow (Salix nigra)

Paw Paw (Asminia triloba) False nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)

White turtlehead (Chelone glabra)

Adaptable

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White wood aster (Eurybia divaricata)

Wild oats (Chasmanthium latifolium)

Pussytoes (Antennaria plantaginifolia)

Trees

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Tuliptree

(Liriodendron tulipifera) Black cherry

(Prunus serotina)

American Elm (Ulmus americana)

Plants That Attract

Other Insects/Pollinators

• Raspberry and Blackberry (Rubus spp.)

• Red maple (Acer rubrum)*

• Dogwood (Cornus spp.)

• Crabapples (Malus spp.)

• Cherry (Prunus spp.)

• Sumac (Rhus spp.)*

• Serviceberry (Amalanchier spp.)*

• Willows (Salix spp.)

• Goldenrod (Solidago spp.)*

• Asters (Aster spp.)

• Beard tongue (Penstemon spp.)*

• Impatiens (Impatiens spp.)

• Bee balm (Monarda spp.)

• Milkweed (Asclepias spp.)*

• Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum spp.)

• Buttercup (Ranunculus spp.)

• Scorpion weed (Phacelia spp.)

• Sunflowers (Helianthus spp.)

• Evening primrose (Oenothera spp.)

• Tickseed (Coreopsis spp.)*

• Woodland Stonecrop (Sedum ternatum)

• Forget-me-not (Myosotis spp.)

• Vervain (Verbena spp.)*

• *deer resistant/tolerant

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Full Sun

Beard tongue (Penstemon spp.) Raspberry and Blackberry (Rubus spp.)

Woodland Stonecrop (Sedum ternatum)

Tickseed

(Coreopsis spp.)

Moist Soils

www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/regions/southern/LostCreek/images/phacelia_bipinnatifida_lg.jpg

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Scorpion weed (Phacelia spp.)

Forget-me-not (Myosotis spp.)

Vervain (Verbena spp.)

Wildlife Certifications

• The Maryland Bay-Wise Certification

Program University of Maryland Extension

http://baywise.umd.edu

• Certified Wildlife Habitat National Wildlife Federation

http://www.nwf.org

Native Plant Nurseries

Maryland Pennsylvania

* American Native Plants * Heartwood Nursery

Perry Hall, MD 8957Hickory Road

410 529-0552 Felton, PA 17322

Americannativeplants.net 717 993-5230

* Elk Ridge Nature Works, LLC heartwoodnurseryinc.com

Grantsville, MD * Meadowood Nursery

301 895-3686 Hummelstown, PA

* Environmental Concern, Inc. 410 798-5000

St. Michael’s, MD

717 566-9875

* Lower Marlboro Nursery

Dunkirk, MD New Jersey

301 812-0808

Lowermarlboronursery.com * Pinelands Nursery, Inc.

* Kollar Nursery Columbus, NJ

5200 West Heaps Road 609 291-9486

Pylesville, MD 21132 pinelandsnursery.com

410 836-0500 * Toadshade Wildflower Farm

Kollarnursery.com 53 Everittstown Rd

Frenchtown, NJ 08825

908 996-7500

Also check out www.mdflora.org

Additional Resources

• Bring Nature Home by Doug Tallamy

• Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and

Conservation Landscaping; Cheseapeake

Bay Watershed by US Fish & Wildlife

Service

• Xerces Society (www.Xerces.org)

Questions?