ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHURBS

CORYLUS AVELLANA 'CONTORTA'Harry Lauder's walking stick

Kingdom: Plantae Angiosperms Eudicots Rosids

Order: FagalesFamily: CorylaceaeGenus: CorylusSpecies: C. avellanaBinomial name: Corylus avellanaNativity: Europe and western Asia, The 'Contorta' variety comes from a shrub found in England.Plant Type: DeciduousLight requirements: Full Sun, Partial SunSoil Conditions: Well DrainedHeight at Maturity: 3–10 ft. tall, but can reach 15 ft. (dwarf tree).Growth Rate: SlowFruiting: YesFlowering: YesBloom Colour: YellowBloom Season: WinterResistance: Cold Hardy, Heat TolerantSoil Tolerance: Normal, loamy

• the branches of this low growing tree twists into strange and odd forms.

• The scientific name avellana derives from the town of Avella in Italy, where the species was described as "Avellana nux sylvestris" ("wild nut of Avella")

• the shrub's "appealing common name derives from the old Scottish comedian Harry Lauder who performed using a crooked branch as a cane."

Common Names: • Corkscrew hazel• Harry Lauder's

walking stick• Contorted

European Filbert

The leaves aredeciduous, rounded, 6–12 cm long and across, softly hairy on both surfaces, and with a double serratemargin.

The flowers are produced very early in spring, before the leaves, and are monoecious with single-sex wind-pollinated catkins. Male catkins are pale yellow and 5–12 cm long, while female catkins are very small and largely concealed in the buds with only the bright red 1–3 mm long styles visible.

Round, double-toothed, light green leaves (2-3" long) typically turn an undistinguished yellow/red in fall.

The fruit is a nut, produced in clusters of one to five together, each nut held in a short leafy involucre ("husk") which encloses about three quarters of the nut. The nut is roughly spherical to oval, 15–20 mm long and 12–20 mm broad (larger, up to 25 mm long, in some cultivated selections), yellow-brown with a pale scar at the base. The nut falls out of the involucre when ripe, about 7–8 months after pollination.

Corylus avellana a common hazel is cultivated for its nuts. The name hazelnut applies to the nuts of any of the species of the genus Corylus. This hazelnut or cob nut, the kernel of the seed, is edible and used raw or roasted, or ground into a paste.

Corkscrew hazel is a natural mutant of wild hazel, carrying a mutation that produces contorted shoots and distorted leaves. The mutation causing the abnormal growth is not transmitted via the seeds, so the plant can only be grown from cuttings, or via grafts onto normal hazel rootstocks. It is beneficial to leave a few main stems only so that their twists are clearly defined’

Ornamental Features:Harry Lauder's Walking Stick is draped in stunning yellow catkins hanging below the branches from late winter to early spring before the leaves. The flowers are excellent for cutting. It has dark green foliage throughout the season. The crinkled round leaves turn yellow in fall. It also blooms early, producing yellow male catkins in late winter and early spring before the leaves arrive. The fruit is not ornamentally significant. The twisted dark brown bark and brown branches are extremely showy and add significant winter interest.

One of the winter highlights in a garden is the gnarled silhouette of the "corkscrew hazel" - Corylus avellana 'Contorta'. In low sunshine, the pale sky provides the perfect backdrop for its dark and tortuously twisted branches. Sir Henry

"Harry" Lauder was an international Scottish entertainer who acted with a crooked branch of a cane.

CORNUS FLORIDA URBINIANA Magic Dogwood

Kingdom: PlantaeAngiospermsEudicotsAsterids

Order: CornalesFamily: CornaceaeGenus:CornusSubgenus: BenthamidiaSpecies: C. FloridaBinomial name: Cornus Florida subsp. Urbiniana (Rose) RickettCommon Name: Magic DogwoodPlant Type: DeciduousNativity: Eastern Mexico from Nuevo Leon through Veracruz.Height: 15-60 feetSpread: 15 - 20 feetBloom time: SpringFlower colour: WhiteFruit present: FallFruit colour: RedLight Exposure: Sun, Part SunDrainage: Well drained, MoistRate of Growth: Moderate

Soil conditions: The plant does not like limestone soils and poor in nutrients. It grows best in fertile, permeable, very dense with a neutral or slightly acidic pH. Grow in fairly moist, acidic soil as trees have low tolerance of alkaline conditions.Leaf Type: Broadleaf The leaves are opposite, simple, ovate, 6–13 cm (2.4–5.1 in) long and 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4 in) broad, with an apparently entire margin; they turn a rich red-brown in fall.Water Requirement: MediumMaintenance Level: LowSusceptible to insects and diseases: YesPropagation: Can be propagated by seeds or by rooted cuttings. Seeds are best sprouted after cold stratification at 38-42F for up to 90-120 days.Hardiness: Mature trees are hardy to some frost, probably to at least 10F and possible lower. Said to be hardy to zone 6-7. Younger trees should be protected from hard freezes or long frosts the tree has been cold- hardyGrowing It is recommend protecting it from frost the first 3 years.environment: You may grow it in a pot and move indoors for the winter. It doesn't seem to mind warm summers provided that nights aren't too warm. The tree normally grows in the forest understory, so it appreciates some protection from strong afternoon sun.

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For the first 3 years, you have to grow it in a pot and move indoors for the winter so as to protect from frost.

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REASON FOR THIS APICAL COHERENCE OR ADHERENCE:Ventrally, the bract apices are covered with a very dense white indumentum composed of slender, sinuous, and undulating hairs. Throughout the development of the inflorescence and the hairs of bract apices are very tightly intermeshed and interlocked. The pressure exerted by the expanding narrow bracts of C. Fonda subsp. Urbimana is not sufficient to pull the hairs, and subsequently the bracts, apart. Conversely, the pressure exerted by the expanding, and much larger and wider bracts. Some times for the most part, wind and rain are to separate their bract apices.

FLOWERS:The involucral bracts of Cornus Florida subsp. Urbiniana from Mexico are "fused" in most of the flowers. The tips of the bracts are strongly adherent (or connivent, or coherent) from early development of the inflorescences and expansion of the involucral bracts. Through anthesis (the pollen shedding period) and present the “Chinese Lantern" configuration.

USES:Ornamental:Planted in parks, along roadsides as an ornamental plant , both because of the very rich and spectacular spring flowering and for a distinctive look and an interesting colour of leaves in autumn. Looking like exotic Chinese lanterns, these incredible blooms dazzle the eye by the hundreds each spring.Raw wood:It is one of the hardest and indestructible, shock resistant wood species. Are often used in preparation of the components that require strength, Eg: pumps, pulleys, framing tools, or even a golf club head roller skate wheels, knitting needles, and spools. Indians of dogwood floral in the past often generated arrowheads.Medicinal plant:In medicine, indigenous aromatic bark and roots used as a cure for malaria (contain an alkaloid called cornin ), skin astringent, an antidiarrheal agent, and as a pain reliever for headaches, sores, and muscle inflammations. In addition, theIndians of the roots raisers red dye and marked the beginning of flowering dates of soil preparation, planting corn while the end

LABURNUM ALPINUM ‘PENDULUM’ Golden Chain Tree

Kingdom: Plantae Angiosperms Eudicots RosidsOrder: FabalesFamily: FabaceaeSubfamily: FaboideaeTribe: GenisteaeGenus: LaburnumSpecies: alpinumBinomial names: Laburnum alpinumCommon name: golden chain tree, weeping scotch laburnumNativity: mountains of southern Europe from France to the Balkan Peninsula.Plant Type: DeciduousLight requirements: Full SunSoil conditions: well-drained soil, preferably calcareous.Height: 3-10 m. tall shrub or small tree.Spread: 8- 10 m.

The yellow flowers are responsible for the old poetic name 'golden chain tree' (also spelled golden chaintree or goldenchain tree).

Growth Rate: fast-growingFruiting: YesFlowering: YesBloom Colour: YellowBloom time: June to JulyResistance: wind resistant, drought tolerant.All parts of the plant are poisonous, and can be lethal if consumed in excess. Symptoms of laburnum poisoning may include intense sleepiness, vomiting, convulsive movements, coma, slight frothing at the mouth and unequally dilated pupils. In some cases, diarrhea is very severe, and at times the convulsions are markedly tetanic. The main toxin in the plant is cytisine, a nicotinic receptor agonist.

LEAVESThe leaves are trifoliate, somewhat like a clover; the leaflets are typically 4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in) long. The leaves are slightly hairy along the veins on the undersideFLOWERSThey have yellow pea-flowers in pendulous racemes 10–30 cm (4–12 in) long in spring, which makes them very popular garden trees. The racemes are 20–30 cm (8–12 in) long, but with the flowers sparsely along the raceme. Has perfect flowers (male and female parts in each flower). They give off a sweet smell.

BUDS and FLOWERS are similar to that of Peas except the colour.

LEAVES

FRUITS:large leguminous fruit (bald pods), approx. 6 cm long, with dark brown poisonous seeds.BARK AND BRANCHES:bark brownish-green, twigs light green

USES:WOODWORKINGthese were historically been used for cabinet making and inlay, as well as for musical instruments. In addition to such wind instruments as recorders and flutes, it was a popular wood for Great Highland bagpipes before taste turned to imported dense tropical hardwoods such as cocuswood, ebony, and African blackwood. The heart-wood of a laburnum may be used as a substitute for ebony or rosewood. It is very hard and a dark chocolate brown, with a butter-yellow sapwood.ORNAMENTATIONA small, spreading tree with weeping branches that is perfect for smaller gardens. In late spring and early summer slender racemes of brilliant, golden-yellow flowers seem to drip from the branches creating a luminous display. An excellent specimen plant, that is best appreciated when not overcrowded.These are cultivated as ornamental trees for gardens and parks. They are also trained as espaliers on pergolas, for ceilings of pendant flowers in season.

HYDRANGEA MACROPHYLLABig Leaf Hydrangea

Kingdom: PlantaeAngiospermsEudicotsAsterids

Order: CornalesFamily: HydrangeaceaeGenus: HydrangeaSpecies: H. MacrophyllaBinomial name: Hydrangea MacrophyllaCommon names: Big leaf Hydrangea, French Hydrangea, Lacecap Hydrangea, Mophead Hydrangea, Penny Mac and Hortensia.Nativity: native to southern and eastern Asia (China, Japan, Korea, the Himalayas, and Indonesia) and the Americas.Plant type: Deciduous ShrubSoil condition: Can grow in both alkaline and acidic soils.

Having been introduced to the Azores, H. macrophylla is now very common, particularly on Faial, which is known as the "blue island" due to the vast number of hydrangeas present on the island.There are two flower arrangements in hydrangeas. Mophead flowers are large round flower heads resembling pom-poms or, as the name implies, the head of a mop. In contrast, lacecap flowers bear round, flat flower heads with a centre core of subdued, fertile flowers surrounded by outer rings of showy, sterile flowers.

Height and Width: 3m tall by 2.5 m (8 ft.) broadFlowering: YesBloom colour: white, blue, red, pink, light purple, or dark purpleBloom Season: early summer to early winterFruiting: Yes

FLOWERS:The inflorescence of Hydrangea macrophylla is a corymb, with all flowers placed in a plane or a hemisphere or even a whole sphere in cultivated forms. Two distinct types of flowers can be identified: central non-ornamental fertile flowers and peripheral ornamental flowers, usually described as "sterile". A study of several cultivars showed that all the flowers were fertile but the non-ornamental flowers were pentamers while the decorative flowers were tetramers. The four sepals of decorative flowers have colours ranging from pale pink, red fuchsia purple to blue. The non-decorative flowers have five small greenish sepals and five small petals. Flowering lasts from early summer to early winter. The fruit is a subglobose capsule.

LEAVES:The term macrophylla means large- or long-leaved. The opposite leaves can grow to 15 cm (6 in) in length. They are simple, membranous, orbicular to elliptic and acuminate. They are generally serrated.

COLOURS AND SOIL ACIDITY: H. macrophylla blooms can be blue, red, pink, light purple, or dark purple. The colour is affected by soil pH. The flower colour can be determined by the relative acidity of the soil. An acidic soil (pH below 7) will usually produce flower colour closer to blue, whereas an alkaline soil (pH above 7) will produce flowers more pink. This is caused by a colour change of the flower pigments in the presence of aluminium ions which can be taken up into hyper accumulating plants.

USES:ORNAMENTAL:In climates where Hydrangea macrophylla flowers, place in a mixed shrub border or at the back of a flower bed. Its rich foliage and large size make it a wonderful background for white or light colored flowers, even tall growing perennials and annuals. In warm climates H. macrophylla is good for adding a splash of early summer colour to shady areas and woodland gardens. Minimal pruning is recommended for most prolific flowering. Flowers are easily air dried and are long lasting.BEVERAGE:Amacha is a Japanese beverage made from fermented leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla var. thunbergii.MEDICINAL:Leaf-extracts of Hydrangea macrophylla are being investigated as a possible source of new chemical compounds with antimalarial activity. Hydrangeic acid from the leaves is being investigated as a possible anti-diabetic drug as it significantly lowered blood glucose, triglyceride, and free fatty acid levels in laboratory animals. Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium is a drug made from the fermented and dried leaves of H. macrophylla var. thunbergii with possible antiallergic and antimicrobial properties. It also has a hepatoprotective activity by suppression of D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in vitro and in vivo.

ACER PALMATUM DISSECTUM Japanese Maple

Kingdom: PlantaeBinomial: Acer palmatumOrder: SapindalesFamily: SapindaceaeGenus: AcerSpecies: A. palmatumBinomial name: Acer palmatumNativity: Japan, North Korea, South Korea,China, eastern Mongolia, and southeast RussiaHeight: 10 to 15 feetSpread: 10 to 15 feetPlant habit: weepingPlant density: denseGrowth rate: slow Fruit cover: dry or hardTexture: fine Fruit colour: redBloom Time: AprilBloom Description: RedSun: Full sun to part shade

Acer Palmatum displays considerable genetic variation, with seedlings from the same parent tree typically showing differences in such traits as leaf size, shape, and colour.For centuries Japanese horticulturalists have developed cultivars from maples found in Japan and nearby Korea and China. They are a popular choice for bonsai enthusiasts and have long been a subject in art.

Leaf arrangement: opposite/suboppositeLeaf type: simple Trunk/bark/branches: showy; no thornsLeaf margin: lobed; parted Current year stem/twig colour: reddishLeaf shape: star-shapedLeaf venation: palmateLeaf type and persistence: deciduousLeaf blade length: 2 to 4 inchesLeaf colour: greenFall colour: orangeFall characteristic: showy

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Flower colour: redFlower characteristic: spring floweringFruit shape: elongatedFruit length: 0.5 to 1 inchWinter interest: plant has winter interest due to unusual form, nice persistent fruits, showy winter trunk, or winter flowersInvasive potential: not known to be invasivePest resistance: long-term health usually not affected by pestsLight requirement: plant grows in the shadeSoil tolerances: acidic; well-drained; sand; loamDrought tolerance: moderateSoil salt tolerances: moderatePlant spacing: not applicable

USE AND MANAGEMENT:This large shrub or small tree tends to leaf out early, so it may be injured by spring frosts. Protect them from dryingwinds and direct sun by providing exposure to partial or filtered shade and well-drained, acid soil with plenty of organic matter, particularly in the southern part of its range. Leaves often scorch in hot summer weather in USDA hardiness zones 7b and 8, unless they are in some shade or irrigated during dry weather. More direct sun can be tolerated in the northern part of the range. Be sure drainage is maintained and never allow water to stand around the roots. Grows fine on clay soils as long as the ground is sloped so water does not accumulate in the soil.Responds well to several inches of mulch placed beneath the canopy. Variegated types are a bit more difficult to grow and are subject to leaf scorch. There are many cultivars of Japanese maple with a wide variety of leaf shapes and colour, growth habits, and sizes: ‘Atropurpureum’ - reddish leaves with five lobes; ‘Blood good’ - new foliage bright red, darkening to dark green; ‘Burgundy Lace’ - reddish foliage and cut leaves; ‘Dissectum’ - finely dissected leaves in green or red, 10 to 12 feet tall; ‘Elegans’ - leaves with rose-colored margins when they first unfold; ‘Ornatum’ - foliage is cut and reddish. Aphids infest maples, usually norway maple, and may be numerous at times. High populations can cause leaf drop. Another sign of heavy aphid infestation is honey dew on lower leaves and objects beneath the tree. Aphids are controlled by spraying or they may be left alone. If not sprayed, predatory insects will bring the aphid population under control. Scales are an occasional problem on maples. Perhaps the most common is cottony maple scale. The insect forms acottony mass on the lower sides of branches. Scales are usually controlled with horticultural oil sprays. Scales may also becontrolled with well-timed sprays to kill the crawlers. If borers become a problem it is an indication the tree isnot growing well. Controlling borers involves keeping trees healthy. Chemical controls of existing infestations are moredifficult. Proper control involves identification of the borer

ENKIANTHUS CAMPANULATUSDwarf Japanese Pagoda Tree

KINGDOM: PlantaeAngiospermsEudicotsAsteridsORDER: EricalesFAMILY: EricaceaeSUBFAMILY: Enkianthoideae Kron & al.GENUS: Enkianthus Lour.SPECIES: Enkianthus campanulatusBOTANICAL NAME: Enkianthus campanulatusCOMMON NAME: Red vein Enkianthus, Dwarf Japanese Pagoda TreeNATIVITY: East Asia, occupying a broad swathe from the eastern Himalayas to southeast Asia, and north into China and Japan. China is host to seven species, more than any other country, four of which are endemic.PLANT TYPE: deciduous, Tall Shrub - spreading, tree-like shrub with whorled branches. Pendent racemes of 5-15 bell-shaped flowers.GROWTH PACE: ModeratePREFERRED LOCATION: Full Sun /Partial ShadeSOIL CONDITIONS:Fertile moist well-drained soil - humus- rich. Acid or Neutral Loam, Chalk or Sand

HARDINESS RATING: Fully hardy - Plant can withstand temperatures down to -15°C (5°F)HEIGHT AND SPREAD: 4 - 5m (12-15ft)SPACING: 4' to 5' apartFLOWERING: YesBLOOM COLOUR: Red and white.BLOOM SEASON: May to JuneFLOWERS:Its bright green glossy foliage gives brilliant coppery to red fall colours. In spring it offers a profusion of bell shape (campanula, "little bell"), creamy white flowers with red veins, similar to those of the distantly related Pieris.The pendulous, umbel-like clusters or racemes of campanulate flowers resemble those of related genera such as Gaultheria and Vaccinium. However, the dry capsules, rather than fleshy berries, and whorl-like arrangement of toothed leaves andbranches, differentiate Enkianthus.LEAVES: Ovate-elliptic, toothed, dull-green leaves to 6cm (2½in) long, turning orange-yellow to red in autumn. Simple leaves that are arranged opposite one another but appear to be arranged in whorls. The leaves are elliptic-rhomboid with serrulate marginsand are 3 to 7 centimetres long. The foliage colour in autumn is yellow to a brilliant red, depending on soil and light conditions.

FRUITING: YesFRUIT: They are loculicidal capsules.STYLE: Woodland GardenSEASONAL INTEREST: Spring Interest, Fall Interest.WOOD AND BARK:The branches are smooth with smooth fibrous wood. The bark of both old and young branches is smooth and light brown. The main branches are tightly upright with protruding side branches arranged in whorls along them. This gives the shrubs a picturesque, irregular habit with age. Blooms on previous year's growth, so any pruning should be done immediately after flowering.ROOT SYSTEM:The plants have a heart-shaped root system and build dense mats of fine roots near the surface.PROPAGATION: Sow seed in late winter or early spring; takesemi-ripe cuttings in summer or layer in autumn.

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FRUITSBARK

ORNAMENTAL FEATURES:Red vein Enkianthus features dainty racemes of lightly scented yellow bell-shaped flowers with red veins hanging below the branches from mid to late spring. It has green foliage throughout the season. The pointy leaves turn an outstanding orange in the fall. The fruit is not ornamentally significant. The smooth brown bark is not particularly outstanding. It's the shape of the flowers that gave this genus its name. Enkianthus combines two Greek words meaning swollen-the connotation is the kind of belly characteristic of pregnancy- and flower, respectively The common name--red vein--describes thecreamy white flowers that are marked with red lines. The fact that they look like little bells names the species, as campanulatus is Latin for "bell-shaped." There are only a dozen other species of Enkianthus, and they are all native to the hillsides of north Asia.

THANK YOU…

ByRaj Kumar Boppana

11001001734th year, B.Arch

School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada