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BULBSRarely Damaged

Allium sp. Ornamental OnionColchicum sp. Autumn CrocusEndymion sp. BluebellEranthus hyemalis Winter AconiteFritilaria imperialis Crown Imperial, FritiliaGalanthus nivalis SnowdropsNarcissus sp. DaffodilScilla siberica Siberian Squill

Seldom Severely DamagedCamassia leichtlini CamassiaCanna sp. Canna LilyColocasia esculenta Elephant EarCrocus sp. CrocusGladiolus sp. GladiolusGloriosa superba Glory LilyHyacinthus sp. HyacinthMuscari sp. Grape HyacinthOxalis sp. Wood SorrelZantedeschia sp. Calla Lily

Occasionally Severely DamagedCaladium sp. CaladiumLilium sp. Garden Lily

Frequently Severely DamagedTulip sp. Tulip

FERNSRarely Damaged

Athyrium goeringianum Japanese Painted Fern(nipponicum)

Cyrtomium falcatum Holly FernDennstaedtia punctilobula Hayscented FernDryopteris marginalis Wood FernMatteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich FernOnoclea sensibilis Sensitive FernOsmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon FernOsmunda regalis Royal FernPolystichum arcostichoides Christmas FernThelyptens noveboracensis New York Fern

GROUNDCOVERSRarely Damaged

Aegopodium podagaria Bishop’s WeedAjuga reptans BugleweedArctostaphylos uva-ursi BearberryConvallaria majalis Lily of the ValleyEpimediurn sp. BarrenwortGalium odoratum (Asperula Sweet Woodruff

odorata)Lamium sp. Spotted DeadnettlePachysandra procumbens Allegheny SpurgePachysandra terminalis Pachysandra

Seldom Severely DamagedCeratostigma plumbaginoides PlumbagoGaultheria procumbens Creeping WintergreenLiriope sp. LilyturfVinca major Large PeriwinkleVinca minor Periwinkle

Occasionally Severely DamagedEuonymus fortunei WintercreeeperHedera helix English Ivy

ORNAMENTAL GRASSESRarely Damaged

Acorus sp. Japanese Sweet FlagAndropogon sp. Big BluestemArrhenatherum elatius Varigated Oat GrassArundo donax Giant ReedCalamagrostis sp. Feather Reed GrassCarex sp. Japanese SedgeChasmanthium latifolium Northern Sea OatsCortaderia selloana Pampus GrassEragrostus curvula Weeping Love GrassErianthus ravennae Ravenna GrassFargesia sp. Clump BambooFestuca glauca Blue FescueHakonechloa macra HakonechloaHelictotrichon sempervirens Blue Oat GrassImperata cylindrica Japanese Blood GrassJuncus Effusus Hard RushKoeleria glauca Large Blue June GrassLeymus arenarius glaucous Lyme GrassMiscanthus floridulis Giant Japanese Silver GrassMiscanthus sinensis Japanese Silver GrassMolinia caerulea Purple Moor GrassMolinia caerulea ‘Variegata’ Variegated Purple Moor GrassPanicum virgatum Switch GrassPennisetum alopecuroides Fountain GrassPennisetum orientale Oriental Fountain GrassPhyllostachys aurea Golden BambooSchizachyrium scoparium Little BluestemSorghastrum nutans Indian Grass

Seldom Severely DamagedBambusa sp. BambooCarex pendula Drooping SedgeHystrix patula Bottlebrush GrassOphiopogon japonicus Dwarf Mondo GrassPhalaris arundinaceae Ribbon GrassScirpus lacustris Sedge

PERENNIALSRarely Damaged

Aconitum sp. MonkshoodAgastache sp. Anise HyssopAllium sp. Ornamental OnionArabis caucasica Rock-Cress

Latin Name Common NameLatin Name Common Name

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Arisaema triphylum Jack-in-the-pulpitArmoracia rusticana HorseradishArtemisia dracunculus TarragonArtemisia sp. Silver MoundAsarum canadense Wild GingerAsarum europaeum European GingerAubretia deltoidea Purple Rock-CressAurinia saxatilis Basket of GoldBaptisia australis False IndigoBruneria macrophylla Siberian Bugloss

(Brunnera)Cactaceae sp. CactusCoreopsis verticillata Threadleaf CoreopsisCorydalis sp. CorydalisDicentra eximia Fringed Bleeding HeartDicentra spectabilis Bleeding HeartEchinops ritro Small Globe ThistleEuphorbia sp. (except Spurge

‘Chameleon’)Helleborus sp. Lenton or Christmas RoseHesperis matronalis Dame’s RocketHyssopus officinalis HyssopIris sp. (may eat buds) IrisLavandula sp. LavendarLigularia dentata Bigleaf GoldenrayLigularia ‘The Rocket’ Rocket LigulariaLimonium latifolium StaticeLinaria vulgaris Butter & EggsLychnis coronaria Rose CampionMajorana MarjoramMarrubium vulgare HorehoundMelissa officinalis Lemon BalmMentha sp. MintMyosotis sp. Forget-Me-NotNepeta sp. CatmintOreganum sp. OreganoPaeonia sp. (may eat buds) PeonyPerovskio atriplicifolia Russian SagePhlomis sp. Greek Jerusalem SagePodophyllum May ApplePotentilla sp. Potentilla, CinquefoilPulmonaria sp. LungwortRanunculus sp. ButtercupRodgersia sp. Rodgers FlowerRuta sp. RueSalvia officinalis Garden SageSantolina chamaecyparissus Lavender-CottonStachys byzantina Lamb’s EarTanacetum vulgare Common TansyTeucrium Chamaedrys GermanderThalictrum sp. Meadow RueThymus sp. ThymeYucca filimentosa Yucca

Seldom Severely DamagedAchillea filipendulina YarrowAchillea millefolium Common YarrowAgapanthus sp. African LilyAlchemilla sp. Ladys’ Mantle

Anchusa sp. BuglossAnemone x hybrida Japanese AnemoneAnemonella thalictroides Rue AnemoneAquilegia sp. ColumbineArmeria maritima Sea ThriftAsclepias incarnata Swamp MilkweedAsclepias tuberosa Butterfly WeedAsparagus officinalis AsparagusAster sp. AsterAstilbe sp. AstilbeBergenia sp. Heartleaf BergeniaBoltonia asteroides White BoltoniaCerastium Snow-in-SummerChrysanthemum parthenium FeverfewCimcifuga sp. Snakeroot, BugbaneCoreopsis lanceolata Lance CoreopsisCroscosmia sp. CrocosmiaCyclamen sp. CyclamenDelphinium sp. DelphiniumDianthus sp. Carnation, PinksDictamus alba Gas PlantDigitalis grandiflora Yellow FoxgloveEchinacea purpurea Purple ConeflowerErythronium Trout LilyEupatorium coelestinurn Mist FlowerEupatorium rugosum White SnakerootGeranium macrorrhizum Hardy GeraniumGypsophila sp. Baby’s BreathHelenium autumnale SneezeweedHeuchera sp. CoralbellsHypericum calycinum St. John’s WortIberis sempervirens CandytuftKirengeshoma palmata Yellow Wax-BellsKniphofia tritoma Red-Hot PokerLiatris sp. Blazing StarLobelia sp. Cardinal FlowerLupinus sp. LupineLychnis chalcedonica Maltese CrossMacleaya cordata Plume PoppyMertensia virginica Virginia BluebellsMonarda didyma BeebalmPapaver orientale Oriental PoppyPatrinia scabiosifolia PatriniaPhysostegia sp. Obedient PlantPolemonium caeruleum Jacob’s LadderPrimula sp. PrimroseRheum rhabarbarum RhubarbRudbeckia sp. Black-Eyed SusanSalvia nemorosa Meadow SageSaponaria sp. SoapwortSatureja montana SavoryScabiosa caucasica Pincushin FlowerSempervivum sp. Hens and ChickensSolidago sp. GoldenrodStokesia laevis Stokes’ AsterSymplocarpos foetidus Skunk CabbageTiarella cordifolia Foam FlowerTradescantia sp. SpiderwortTricyrtis hirta Toad Lily

Latin Name Common NameLatin Name Common Name

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Trillium sp. TrilliumVerbascum sp. MulleinVeronica sp. SpeedwellViola sp. Violets

Occasionally Severely DamagedAlcea sp. HollyhockAruncus sp. Goat’s BeardBegonia grandis Hardy BegoniaBellis perennis English DaisyCampanula glomerata BellflowerCentaurea montana Mountain BluetChelone sp. Pink TurtleheadChrysanthemum Fall MumsChrysanthemum superbum Shasta DaisyErigeron sp. FleabaneEuphorbia dulcis ‘Chameleon’ SpurgeFilipendula sp. MeadowsweetGaillardia sp. Blanket FlowerGeranium clarkei Hardy GeraniumGeranium sanguineum Hardy GeraniumGeranium x cantabrigiense Hardy GeraniumGeum sp. Geum, AvensHemerocallis sp. DaylilyHibiscus moscheutos Rose MallowLeucanthemum maximum Shasta DaisyLysimachia clethroides Gooseneck LoosestrifeLythrum sp. Purple LoosestrifeOenethera sp. SundropsPenstemon sp. PenstemonPhlox sp. PhloxPlatycodon grandiflorus Balloon FlowerPolygonatum sp. Solomon’s SealSedum spectabile Showy SedumSidalcia malviflora CheckermallowSymphytum officinale ComfreyTrollius sp. Globeflower

Frequently Severely DamagedEryngium sp. Sea-HollyFragraria sp. StrawberryGeranium endressii Hardy GeraniumHosta sp. HostaPardancanda x norrisii Candy Lily

SHRUBSRarely Damaged

Aralia spinosa Devil’s Walking StickBerberis sp. BarberryBuddleia sp. Butterfly BushBuxus sempervirens Common BoxwoodCalliuna sp. HeatherCaryopteris clandonensis Blue Mist ShrubCephalotaxus harringtonia Japanese Plum YewCytisus sp. BroomDaphne sp. DaphneElaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive

Erica sp. HeathIlex x ‘John T. Morris’ John T. Morris HollyIlex x ‘Lydia Morris’ Lydia Morris HollyJuniperus horizontalis ‘Prince Prince of Wales Juniper

of Wales’Juniperus scopulorum Moonglow Juniper

‘Moonglow’Leucothoe fontanesiana Drooping LeucothoeMahonia aquifolium Oregon Grape HollyMahonia bealei Leatherleaf MahoniaMicrobiota decussata Russian CypressMyrica pensylvanica BayberryPieris floribunda Mountain PierisPieris japonica Japanese Pieris, AndromedaPotentilla fruticosa Bush CinquefoilRhus aromatica Fragrant SumacSambucus racemosa Red ElderberrySarcoccoca hookeriana Sweet BoxSkimmia japonica Japanese SkimmiaViburnum dentatum Arrowwood Viburnum

Seldom Severely DamagedAbelia sp. Glossy AbeliaAbies balsamea Dwarf Balsam FirAndromeda polifolia Bog RosemaryAronia arbutifolia Red ChokeberryAucuba japonica Goldust PlantCallicarpa sp. BeautyberryCalycanthus floridus Common SweetshrubCalycanthus occidentalis California SweetshrubChaenomeles japonica Japanese Flowering QuinceClerodendrum fargesii Harlequin GlorybowerClethra sp. Sweet PepperbushCornus alba Red Twigged DogwoodCornus sericea Red Osier DogwoodCorylus sp. HazelnutCotinus coggygria SmokebushCotoneaster apiculatus Cranberry CotoneasterCotoneaster congestus Pyrenees CotoneasterCotoneaster dammeri Bearberry CotoneasterCotoneaster horizontalis Rockspray CotoneasterCotoneaster salicifolius Willowleaf CotoneasterDeutzia sp. DeutziaElaeagnus umbellatus Autumn OliveEnkianthus campanulatus Redvein EnkianthusForsythia x intermedia ForsythiaFothergila sp. FothergilliaHalesia carolina Carolina SilverbellHamamelis virginiana Common WitchhazelHibiscus syriacus Rose of SharonHippophae rhamnoides Sea BuckthornHypericum prolificum St. John’s WortIlex aquifolium English HollyIlex cornuta Chinese HollyIlex glabra InkberryIlex verticillata Winterberry HollyItea virginica Virginia SweetspireJuniperus chinensis ‘Armstrongii’ Armstrong Juniper

Latin Name Common NameLatin Name Common Name

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Juniperus chinensis cv.* Chinese JuniperJuniperus chinensis ‘Pfitzerana’ Pfitzer JuniperJuniperus horizontalis cv.* Creeping JuniperJuniperus horizontalis Youngstown Andorra Juniper

‘Youngstown’Juniperus procumbens ‘Nana’ Japanese Garden JuniperJuniperus sabin cv. Savin/Tam JuniperJuniperus scopulorum cv.* Mountain JuniperJuniperus squamata ‘Blue Star’ Blue Star JuniperJuniperus squamata cv.* Singleseed JuniperKerria japonica Japanese KerriaKolkwitzia amabilis BeautybushLagerstroemia indica Crape MyrtleLeucothoe axillaris Coast LeucothoeLigustrurn sp. PrivetLindera benzoin SpicebushMagnolia x soulangiana Saucer MagnoliaOsmanthus heterophyllus Holly OsmanthusPhiladelphus coronarius Sweet Mock OrangePinus mugo Mugo PinePrunus laurocerasus Cherry LaurelPyracantha coccinea FirethornRhammus sp. BuckthornRibes sp. CurrantRubus sp. BramblesSambucus canadensis Blueberry Elder, Sweet ElderSpiraea japonica Japanese SpireaSpiraea prunifolia Bridalwreath SpireaSpiraea x bumalda Anthony Waterer SpireaSymphoricarpos albus SnowberrySymphoricarpos x chenaultii CoralberrySyringa reticulata Japanese Tree LilacSyringa vulgaris Common LilacViburnum carlesii Koreanspice ViburnumViburnum opulus Cranberry BushViburnum plicatum Doublefile Viburnum

tomentosurnViburnum prunifolium Blackhaw ViburnumViburnum rhytidophyllum Leatherleaf ViburnumViburnum x juddii Judd ViburnumWeigela florida Weigela

Occasionally Severely DamagedCornus racemosa Panicled DogwoodCornus sanguinea Bloodtwig DogwoodCorylopsis glabrescens Fragrant WinterhazelEuonymus alata Winged EuonymusEuonymus japonica Japanese EuonymusHydrangea arborescens Smooth HydrangeaHydrangea macrophylla Bigleaf HydrangeaHydrangea paniculata Panicle HydrangeaHydrangea quercifolia Oakleaf HydrangeaIlex crenata Japanese HollyIlex x meserveae Blue HollyJuniperus conferta Shore JuniperKalmia latifolia Mountain LaurelNandina sp. Heavenly Bamboo

Prunus x cistena Purple Leaf Sand CherryRhododendron carolinianum Carolina RhododendronRhododendron catawbiense Catawba RhododendronRhododendron maximum Rosebay RhododendronRhododendron sp.* Deciduous AzaleasRosa multiflora Multiflora RoseRosa rugosa Rugosa RoseRosa x hybrid Hybrid Tea RoseSyringa villosa Late LilacSyringa x chinesis Chinese LilacSyringa x persica Persian LilacVaccinum corymbosum Highbush Blueberry

Frequently Severely DamagedEuonymus fortunei WintercreeperRhododendron penclymenoides Pinxterbloom AzaleaRhododendron sp.* Evergreen AzaleasRhododendron sp.* RhododendronsTaxus sp. Yews

TREESRarely Damaged

Aesculus parviflora Bottlebrush BuckeyeAlbizia julibrissin MimosaAsimina triloba PawpawBetula nigra River BirchBetula papyrifera Paper BirchCercidiphyllum japonicum Katsura TreeIlex opaca American HollyPicea glauca ‘Conica’ Dwarf Alberta SprucePinus resinosa Red PinePinus rigida Pitch PinePinus thunbergiana Japanese Black Pine

Seldom Severely DamagedAcer griseurn Paperbark MapleAcer palmatum Japanese MapleAcer pensylvanicum Striped MapleAcer rubrum Red MapleAcer saccharum Sugar MapleAesculus x carnea Ruby HorsechestnutAmelanchier arborea Downy ServiceberryAmelanchier canadensis ShadbushAmelanchier laevis Allegheny ServiceberryBetula albo-sinensis Chinese Paper BirchBetula jacquemontii Himalayan BirchBetula lutea Yellow BirchBetula pendula European White BirchChaenomeles speciosa Common Flowering QuinceChamaecyparis pisifera Japanese FalsecypressChionanthus retusus Chinese Fringe TreeCornus kousa Kousa DogwoodCrataegus laevigata English HawthornCryptomeria japonica Japanese CedarFagus sylvatica European BeechFraximus pennsylvanica Green Ash

Latin Name Common NameLatin Name Common Name

*Check other rating categories to find additional species or cultivars of this genus.

– 6 –

Latin Name Common NameLatin Name Common NameFraxinus excelsior European AshGleditsia triacanthos Honey LocustIlex x aquipernyi Dragon Lady, San Jose HollyJuniperus virginiana Eastern Red CedarKoelreuteria paniculata Goldenrain TreeLiriodendron tulipifera Tulip TreeMetasequoia glyptostroboides Dawn RedwoodOxydendrum arboreum SourwoodPicea abies Norway SprucePicea glauca White SprucePicea omorika Serbian SprucePicea pungens Colorado Blue SprucePinus densiflora Japanese Red PinePinus nigra Austrian PinePinus strobus Eastern White PinePinus sylvestris Scotch PinePrunus serrulata Japanese Flowering CherryPseudotsuga menziesii Douglas FirSalix matsudana tortuosa Corkscrew WillowSassafras albidurn Common Sassafras

Occasionally Severely DamagedAbies balsamea Balsam FirAbies concolor White FirAbies fraseri Fraser FirAcer platanoides Norway MapleAcer saccharinum Silver MapleAesculus hippocastanum Common HorsechestnutCedrus atlantica Atlas CedarCercis canadensis Eastern RedbudChamaecyparis obtusa Hinoki CypressChamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic White CedarChionanthus virginicus White Fringe TreeCornus alternifolia Alternate-Leaved DogwoodCornus florida Flowering DogwoodCornus mas Cornelian CherryCupressocyparis leyandii Leyland CypressIlex pernyi Pernyi HollyIlex x ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ Nellie Stevens HollyLarix decidua European LarchLiquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum

Malus sp. ApplesPrunus avium Sweet CherryPyrus calleryana Callery PearPyrus communis Common PearQuercus alba White OakQuercus prinus Chestnut OakQuercus rubra Northern Red OakRhus typhina Staghorn SumacRobinia pseudoacia Black LocustSalix sp.* WillowsTaxodium distichum Bald CypressThuja plicata Western ArborvitaeTilia americana BasswoodTilia cordata ‘Greenspire’ Greenspire Littleleaf LindenTsuga canadensis Eastern HemlockTsuga caroliniana Carolina Hemlock

Frequently Severely DamagedPrunus sp. PlumsPrunus sp.* CherriesSorbus aucuparia European Mountain AshThuja occidentalis American Arborvitae

VINESSeldom Severely Damaged

Celastrus scandens American BittersweetJasminum nudiflorum Winter JasmineWisteria floribunda Wisteria

Occasionally Severely DamagedCampsis radicans Trumpet CreeperClematis sp. ClematisHedera helix English IvyHydrangea anomala petiolaris Climbing HydrangeaLonicera x heckrottii Goldflame HoneysuckleParthenocissus quinquifolia Virginia Creeper

Frequently Severely DamagedEuonymus fortunei Wintercreeper

Special thanks to our cooperators on this project:Helen Heinrich, Certified Landscape Architect; James Messina, Certified Landscape Architect, Landscape Plus;

Valerie Sudal, Garden Writer, The Newark Star-Ledger; and numerous landscapers, Master Gardeners, andnurserymen who provided ratings.

*Check other rating categories to find additional species or cultivars of this genus.

© 2004 by Rutgers Cooperative Research & Extension, NJAES, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.

Desktop publishing by Rutgers-Cook College Resource Center Revised: April 2003

RUTGERS COOPERATIVE RESEARCH & EXTENSIONN.J. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEYNEW BRUNSWICK

Distributed in cooperation with U.S. Department of Agriculture in furtherance of the Acts of Congress on May 8 and June 30, 1914. Rutgers Cooperative Extension works inagriculture, family and community health sciences, and 4-H youth development. Dr. Karyn Malinowski, Director of Extension. Rutgers Cooperative Research & Extension providesinformation and educational services to all people without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family

status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Rutgers Cooperative Research & Extension is an Equal Opportunity Program Provider and Employer.