17
WILLIAM RAWN ASSOCIATES , Architects, Inc. - Boston, MA LAND USE ANALYSIS - SWARTHMORE COLLEGE February 20, 2002 LAND USE PLANNING PRINCIPLES B 1-0 PRINCIPAL ONE : TOPOGRAPHY DEFINES CAMPUS ORGANIZATION PRINCIPLE TWO: USES FOLLOW THE TOPOGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION OF CAMPUS PRINCIPLE THREE: GREEN SPACES DEFINE CAMPUS CHARACTER PRINCIPLE FOUR: 3-SIDED OPEN SPACES INTEGRATE BUILDINGS AND LANDSCAPE PRINCIPLE FIVE: ORTHOGONAL ALIGNMENT DEFINES CENTER OF CAMPUS PRINCIPLE SIX: PERIMETER VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PRESERVES CAMPUS LANDSCAPE PRINCIPLE SEVEN: CAMPUS CONNECTS TO BOROUGH LAND USE PLANNING PRINCIPLES

LAND USE PLANNING PRINCIPLES - Swarthmore College

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WIL

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ebruary 20, 2002

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To

po

grap

hy

Defin

es Cam

pu

s O

rgan

ization

WIL

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, Architects, Inc. - B

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ebruary 20, 2002

Sw

arthmore's cam

pus is organized into three major sectors and

supplemented by several adjacent areas. T

hese sectors are defined by the natural topography of the area. S

ince the founding of the College in

1864, land planning decisions have consistently reflected the natural features of the land. R

einforcement of these sectors is central to future

development at S

warthm

ore. The three sectors are:

• Th

e No

rth C

amp

us

- North of P

arrish Hall, it is bordered by the C

rum

Woods and the "N

ear North" residential neighborhood.

• Th

e Cen

tral Cam

pu

s - G

enerally defined by the plateau on which

Parrish H

all sits, together with the sloping law

n to the south • T

he L

ow

er Cam

pu

s - S

outh of the railroad tracks.

In addition to these three main cam

pus zones, there are other distinct areas:

• Th

e Cru

m P

lateau - Located across C

rum C

reek, is an undeveloped area in N

ether Providence T

ownship.

• Th

e Far S

ou

th E

xtend

ed R

esiden

tial Area - Including H

arvard Avenue

and the area near Mary Lyons H

all, located across Yale A

venue to the S

outh• C

un

nin

gh

am F

ields

- Located across Chester R

oad and bounded by C

ollege Avenue and S

EP

TA

property. • T

he N

ear No

rth R

esiden

tial Area

- Past the N

orth Cam

pus Sector,

including Whittier P

lace and Elm

Avenue. T

he block bounded by Chester,

College, C

edar and Elm

is considered separately and is referred to in this report as the "H

ing

e Blo

ck."

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ollo

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op

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rgan

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of

Cam

pu

s

WIL

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, Architects, Inc. - B

oston, MA

• Th

e Lo

wer C

amp

us -T

here is a significant amount of open space in this

area with alm

ost all actively used as sports fields. Service buildings and

some residential structures occupy this zone as w

ell.

• Th

e Cru

m P

lateau - A

n undeveloped area, but portions may be

appropriate for recreation and athletics.

• Th

e Far S

ou

th E

xtend

ed R

esiden

tial Area - A

residential zone com

prised of both large residential and institutional buildings.

• Cu

nn

ing

ham

Field

s - Used for active recreational purposes and

parking.

• Th

e Near N

orth

Resid

ential A

rea - M

ade up of vernacular housing stock occupied by faculty and staff. H

ouses vary substantially in scale from

block to block.

• The block bounded by C

hester, College, C

edar and Elm

(the "H

ing

e B

lock") is bordered on three sides by college-ow

ned property. The

frontage of this block on Chester R

oad offers opportunities for College and

comm

unity connections.

Over tim

e, and through past prudent land planning decisions, the topographic organization of the C

ampus has influenced the location of

various campus functions. T

hough the sectors are interrelated, each has unique characteristics and specific planning priorities.

Across the entire cam

pus, building density is composed of low

-rise structures w

ith suburban and residential character. In all sectors, the C

ollege values landscape areas and open spaces as important places in

their own right.

Other aspects of the cam

pus environment vary from

sector to sector: • N

orth

Cam

pu

s - This section of cam

pus comprises academ

ic buildings organized into irregular quadrangles w

ith green allees and gardens creating special open spaces that connect and define these areas. T

he N

orth Cam

pus buildings are closer together than the other areas of C

ampus and, w

ith the exception of one large parcel now used as a

temporary parking lot, the area is built-out.

• Th

e Cen

tral Cam

pu

s - T

his area is the historic core of the campus. Its

uses include functions such as dining and campus stores as w

ell as residence halls. T

he Parrish Law

n is the dominant, perm

anent and unifying landscape. A

strong east-west transept bisects this zone north of

Sharples D

ining Hall. A

lthough some new

development m

ay occur in this zone, these tw

o dominating open space features should be preserved.

Beyond the southern end of P

arrish Lawn is the B

orough center. The

strong visual connection from P

arrish to the railroad station and the B

orough represents, as it has historically, the link from academ

ia to the w

orld beyond.L

AN

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February 20, 2002

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ebruary 20, 2002

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UM

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AT

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E:

Green

Sp

aces D

efine C

amp

us

Ch

aracter

WIL

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, Architects, Inc. - B

oston, MA

Green spaces, m

ore so than architectural style, define the character of this cam

pus. Sw

arthmore's landscape is the unifying elem

ent that integrates disparate styles of buildings. P

arrish Lawn, T

he East-W

est Transept, C

rum

Woods, the P

resident's Lawn, and C

unningham F

ields shape the Cam

pus and provide outdoor interaction areas for students, faculty and staff. S

maller, m

ore intimate landscaped spaces such as Lang F

ragrance G

arden, Cosby C

ourtyard, Nason G

arden, Bond R

ose Garden and H

arry W

ood Garden further enhance our pedestrian experience. F

uture open spaces w

ill be developed as clearly identifiable spaces, each with its ow

n characteristics.

The C

ollege has a very special stewardship relationship to the C

rum

Woods, C

rum C

reek and to its watershed. T

his relationship requires diligence in preserving this im

portant asset.

Th

e Ped

estrian E

xperien

ce T

he College w

ill continue to supplement open areas w

ith appropriate features to create a pedestrian environm

ent that fosters informal

interaction and provides security for daytime and nighttim

e walkers.

Sw

arthmore is a w

alking campus. P

edestrian barriers should be minim

ized and sim

ple direct paths to all important and highly used entrances should

be provided. A clear hierarchy of paths and a defined vocabulary of

paving materials should be continued across cam

pus areas.

ST

UD

EN

TS

ON

TH

E M

AIN

LAW

N

PR

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IDE

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WN

WE

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ebruary 20, 2002

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, Architects, Inc. - B

oston, MA

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ebruary 20, 2002

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Future developm

ent of the College is lim

ited by the desire to m

aintain the green spaces that define the S

warthm

ore campus. In

order to maintain this definition, the follow

ing areas should be reserved as open space use:

1. TH

E M

AIN

LAW

N 2. T

HE

TR

AN

SE

PT

3. CR

UM

WO

OD

S 4. T

HE

PR

ES

IDE

NT

'S LA

WN

5. NO

RT

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AM

PU

S 6. C

UN

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54

2

1

6

7

8

WE

ST

LAW

NE

AS

TLA

WN

The M

ain Lawn is the m

ost mem

orable single space at S

warthm

ore College. It captures the

unique character of the campus and unifies

the academic com

munity w

hile organizing the various sectors of the C

ollege. The strength

of this single space is made m

ore interesting by the diversity resulting from

the differences found on the surrounding eastern and w

estern sides.

WIL

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, Architects, Inc. - B

oston, MA

LA

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ebruary 20, 2002

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oston, Massachusetts

- Significantly larger than other spaces

- Greater affect on the organization of the surrounding cam

pus

(SH

OW

N A

T T

HE

SA

ME

SC

ALE

AS

SW

AR

TH

MO

RE

CO

LLEG

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AIN

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AT

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AY

WIL

LIA

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, Architects, Inc. - B

oston, MA

LA

ND

US

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SIS

- SW

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EF

ebruary 20, 2002

A m

ajor east-west visual and pedestrian

corridor connecting the Main Law

n with the

eastern and western parts of cam

pus and with

views of the C

rum W

oods.

Located at the base of the east-west R

idge Line and plateau, the T

ransept open space is defined by the topography of the cam

pus.

The T

ransept connects the Main Law

n to the broader cam

pus while reinforcing

the differences on either side:

TH

E W

ES

TE

RN

TR

AN

SE

PT

:

- Large, interconnecting open spaces- V

isual connection to the Crum

Woods

- Important collection of large trees

TH

E E

AS

TE

RN

TR

AN

SE

PT

:

- Contained by W

orth Hall

- Cam

pus buildings form a buffer zone

in front of Chester R

oad- N

arrowing of open space allow

s for the placem

ent of a building without the

termination of the open space.

PR

INC

IPL

E T

HR

EE

-C:

TH

E T

RA

NS

EP

T O

RG

AN

IZE

S A

S

EC

ON

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RY

OP

EN

SP

AC

E

WIL

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, Architects, Inc. - B

oston, MA

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SIS

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ebruary 20, 2002

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:T

hree S

ided

Op

en

Sp

aces Integ

rate B

uild

ing

s and

L

and

scape

WIL

LIA

M R

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N A

SS

OC

IAT

ES

, Architects, Inc. - B

oston, MA

The S

warthm

ore campus has a dom

inate typology of open spaces with

differing scale by single three sided buildings and collections of buildings that form

three sides of an open space, with the fourth edge open to the

landscape. This three-sided quality creates open spaces that are both

contained and connected to the surrounding environment.

Successful exam

ples of three-sided open spaces occur when the space

acts as an entry court for a building or group of buildings and when the

space benefits from a sunny, southw

estern exposure. The continuation of

this typology should occur in future development using such successful

examples as W

harton and Worth H

alls. Unsuccessful exam

ples are those w

eher the open space has little to do with access or to southerly exposure.

WO

RT

H H

ALL

WH

AR

TO

N H

ALL

WO

RT

H H

ALLL

AN

D U

SE

AN

AL

YS

IS - S

WA

RT

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OR

E C

OL

LE

GE

February 20, 2002

The 3-S

ided Open S

pace typology can be found at tw

o different scales on the S

warthm

ore Cam

pus:

- Defined by

a collection of separate buildings

- Defined by

a single building

TH

E M

AIN

LAW

NL

AN

D U

SE

PL

AN

NIN

G P

RIN

CIP

LE

SB4

PR

INC

IPL

E F

OU

R:

3-SID

ED

OP

EN

SP

AC

ES

IN

TE

GR

AT

E B

UILD

ING

S A

ND

LA

ND

SC

AP

E

400100

0200

WIL

LIA

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AW

N A

SS

OC

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, Architects, Inc. - B

oston, MA

LA

ND

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NA

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SIS

- SW

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CO

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EF

ebruary 20, 2002

LA

ND

US

E P

LA

NN

ING

P

RIN

CIP

LE

FIV

E:

Orth

og

on

al A

lign

men

t Defin

es C

enter o

f Cam

pu

s

Bu

ildin

gs at

Cam

pu

s Perim

eter R

elate to B

oro

ug

h

WIL

LIA

M R

AW

N A

SS

OC

IAT

ES

, Architects, Inc. - B

oston, MA

The strong east-w

est ridge line and plateau establish an orthogonal alignm

ent for Parrish H

all, for the Main Law

n and for the organization of the entire C

entral Cam

pus. This pow

erful framew

ork also organizes the N

orth Cam

pus. As a result the cam

pus topography insures variety while

this orthogonal alignment insures integration and cohesion throughout the

center of campus.

At the juncture betw

een the campus perim

eter and the Borough, cam

pus developm

ent aligns with the streets and buildings of the B

orough. This

occurs regardless of the use or scale of the buildings. This fram

ework

organizes the edge of the campus at:

The N

ear North N

eighborhood T

he Hinge B

lock C

entral Cam

pus (along Chester R

d) Low

er Cam

pus H

avard Ave S

ite M

ary Lyons Site

OR

TH

OG

ON

AL A

LIGN

ME

NT

OF

TH

E E

DG

E O

F T

HE

EA

ST

LAW

N

CLO

TH

IER

HA

LL A

ND

PA

RR

ISH

HA

LL

LA

ND

US

E A

NA

LY

SIS

- SW

AR

TH

MO

RE

CO

LL

EG

EF

ebruary 20, 2002

WIL

LIA

M R

AW

N A

SS

OC

IAT

ES

, Architects, Inc. - B

oston, MA

LA

ND

US

E A

NA

LY

SIS

- SW

AR

TH

MO

RE

CO

LL

EG

EF

ebruary 20, 2002

The C

enter of the Sw

arthmore C

ampus is

aligned with both P

arrish Hall and the R

idge Line at the top of the M

iddle Level of C

ampus. C

ampus places that respond to

this alignment are:

- The M

ain Lawn

- The C

entral Cam

pus - T

he North C

ampus

RID

GE

LIN

E

LA

ND

US

E P

LA

NN

ING

PR

INC

IPL

ES

B5P

RIN

CIP

LE

FIV

E:

OR

TH

OG

ON

AL A

LIGN

ME

NT

D

EF

INE

S C

EN

TE

R

OF

CA

MP

US

600200

0400

The developm

ent of the Cam

pus has follow

ed the orthogonal alignment of P

arrish H

all and its ridge line, however at strong

perimeter conditions the cam

pus deviates from

this alignment. T

his occurs at:

- The N

ear North N

eighborhood - T

he Hinge B

lock - T

he Lower C

ampus

- The H

arvard Ave. S

ite - M

ary Lyons Site

BU

ILDIN

GS

AT

CA

MP

US

P

ER

IME

TE

R R

ELA

TE

TO

B

OR

OU

GH

LA

ND

US

E P

LA

NN

ING

P

RIN

CIP

LE

SIX

:P

erimeter

Veh

icular

Circu

lation

P

reserves Cam

pu

s L

and

scape

WIL

LIA

M R

AW

N A

SS

OC

IAT

ES

, Architects, Inc. - B

oston, MA

On the S

warthm

ore campus pedestrian pathw

ays are definitively more

important than vehicular access. P

arking and vehicular circulation are (and should continue to be) kept at the perim

eter of the campus. A

limited

amount of short term

and special user parking shall be provided at strategic locations w

ithin the campus.

Decked parking should be considered for future parking dem

and. Parking

of this type - limited by the general scale and height of cam

pus structures - is an im

portant tool in preserving open space.

GA

TE

TO

WH

ITT

IER

PLA

CE

PE

DE

ST

RIA

N C

IRC

ULA

TIO

N T

O B

UILD

ING

EN

TR

AN

CE

S

PE

DE

ST

RIA

N N

ET

WO

RK

INT

EG

RA

L TO

CA

MP

US

LAN

DS

CA

PE

S

LA

ND

US

E A

NA

LY

SIS

- SW

AR

TH

MO

RE

CO

LL

EG

EF

ebruary 20, 2002

Vehicular C

irculation follows the edges of the

campus, w

ith minor service routes to cam

pus buildings. T

his allows the central parts of the

campus to rem

ain strictly pedestrian, with a

special exception for Vehicular A

ccess to P

arrish Hall, a route often associated w

ith a visitor's first im

pression of the campus.

Rule: E

xisting Prim

ary V

ehicular Road A

t Perim

eter of C

ampus

Misc. S

ervice Circulation

Special E

xception Vehicular

Road to P

arrish Hall

LA

ND

US

E P

LA

NN

ING

PR

INC

IPL

ES

B6P

RIN

CIP

LE

SIX

: P

ER

IME

TE

R V

EH

ICU

LAR

C

IRC

ULA

TIO

N P

RE

SE

RV

ES

C

AM

PU

S LA

ND

SC

AP

E

400100

0200

WIL

LIA

M R

AW

N A

SS

OC

IAT

ES

, Architects, Inc. - B

oston, MA

LA

ND

US

E A

NA

LY

SIS

- SW

AR

TH

MO

RE

CO

LL

EG

EF

ebruary 20, 2002

LA

ND

US

E P

LA

NN

ING

P

RIN

CIP

LE

SE

VE

N:

Cam

pu

s Co

nn

ects to

Bo

rou

gh

WIL

LIA

M R

AW

N A

SS

OC

IAT

ES

, Architects, Inc. - B

oston, MA

The C

ollege and the Borough are physically adjacent in m

any places, and each connecting area has a unique character. T

he College is linked to the

business district of the Borough at the locus of the train station. T

he C

ollege seeks to create connections between cam

pus life and the com

mercial life of the B

orough. Developm

ent of an inn at the eastern edge of the cam

pus (near the South E

ntrance) may be one opportunity to

foster this connection.

Other cam

pus planning tools may be em

ployed to advance connections betw

een the Cam

pus and the Borough. S

ite placement of new

buildings, orientation of building entrances, and design of the open spaces that occur along the C

hester Road edge of the cam

pus can help to reduce barriers and invite connections betw

een the "town" and "gow

n."

VIE

W A

LON

G C

HE

STE

R R

OA

D

VIE

W T

O C

UN

NIN

GH

AM

FIE

LDS

FR

OM

CH

ES

TE

R R

OA

D

VIE

W U

P M

AIN

LAW

N T

OW

AR

DS

PA

RR

ISH

HA

LL

LA

ND

US

E A

NA

LY

SIS

- SW

AR

TH

MO

RE

CO

LL

EG

EF

ebruary 20, 2002

VIE

W

BO

RO

UG

H O

F

SW

AR

TH

MO

RE

WIL

LIA

M R

AW

N A

SS

OC

IAT

ES

, Architects, Inc. - B

oston, MA

LA

ND

US

E A

NA

LY

SIS

- SW

AR

TH

MO

RE

CO

LL

EG

EF

ebruary 20, 2002

LA

ND

US

E P

LA

NN

ING

PR

INC

IPL

ES

B7P

RIN

CIP

LE

SE

VE

N:

CA

MP

US

CO

NN

EC

TS

TO

B

OR

OU

GH

:

TO

PH

ILA

DE

LP

HIA

RA

ILWA

Y

CH

ES

TE

R R

OA

D

VIE

W

PE

DE

ST

RIA

N LIN

K

RA

ILW

AY

S

TA

TIO

N

4000

200600