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Topic:

LandslidingGroup Members

Bilal Ahmed khan 09-CE-34

Ammir Mehmood 09-CE-13

Sadaqat Bashir 09-CE-02

Anwar Shamim 09-CE-36

Syed Saddam Hussain 09-CE-101

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Contents.

Types of landsliding

Silent features of Kohala

LandslidingFactor causing landsliding

Damages of Kohala landsliding

Remedial measure for slopeprotection

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Landsliding

Types of land sliding according to Blyth & Defreitas(1984)

(a)By detachment of rock as rock fall.

(b)By shear failure of rock on large scale surface.

(c)By shear failure of clay materials.

fig(a) fig(b) fig(c)

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Land sliding along kohala

Muzaffarabad

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Fault

line

Retainingwall

Fault

line

Retaining

wall

North East Elevation

34724.65

" 732928.96" 1900 ft

North East Elevation

3406

20.51

" 732946.07" 2432 ft

Land slide

Land slide

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Sr. no# features kohala

1 Slide materials Clay, silt , sand andBroken rocks

2 Slip surface Circular failure in clay

3 Rate of movement Generally slow but become rapid after

rain fall.

4 Mass movementVolume displacement

Mixture of disintegrated mass with largeblocks 70,000

5 Triggering factor Earthquake1971 and 2005

Silent features of landslide in kohala(Muzaffarabad)

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Factor causing land slide

Earthquake

Five new landslides were initiated as result of earth quake of

December 1971(5.4 magnitude) and October 2005(7.6 magnitude)

along kohala muzaffarabad road.

Raining

Increase moisture content of soil and decrease strength of soil.

Flood of 1992 and 2010.

Deforestation

Causes decrease in soil strength and increases erosion of soil.

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Stability analysis(1)By Circular failure method (used)

(2)By Bishop method

(3)By Spencer method

(4)Plain failure method

(5) Janbus method

(6) Sarmas method

1. Unconfined compression test

2. Field density test (core cutter and sand replacement

method)

3. Grain size analysis test

Strength analysis

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Damages of kohala landslide It causes the road blockage resulting

blockage in transportation.

Causing the casualties.

Wastage of fund. Land loss.

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Remedial measures for slope

protection

Cut and fill solution

Drainage control

Surface protection of slope

(a)Vegetation

(b)Surface covering

Retaining walls

Support and reinforced system

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Cut and fill

Slope excavation remedial measures Reducing Slope height

Reducing slope angle

Removing the unstable materials

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Retaining wall

Resist the active and passive pressures of soil like over burden.

Hold the earth and loose granular materials.

Retaining Wall

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Drainage system

Reduces the pore waterpressure.

Control the infiltration and

surface runoff.

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Support and reinforced system

Increase rock stiffness and strength

Slope stabilization with structural element like rock bolts and

cable bolts.

Prevent sliding of soil and rock.

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Surface protection of slope

(a)Vegetation Hold the soil in position.

Reduce pore water pressure .

Prevent erosion of soil.

(b)Suface covering

Prevent the seepage of water. Slope are covered by lining of hard rocks

with lean concrete.

THE END