laLÑr&foe'kZ%sanskrit.nic.in/Sanskrit_Vimarsah/v13_14.pdf · Advisory-Board 1. Prof. V. Kutumba Sastry, 36, Evergreen Appartment Plot-9 Sect. 7, Dwarka, New Delhi-110075 2. Prof

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(An International Refereed & Peer-ReviewedResearch Journal, UGC-CARE Listed)

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website : www.sanskrit.nic.in

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ISSN : 0975-1769

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SA«SK›TA-VIMARÃ…

Rashtirya Sanskrit Sansthan(Deemed to be University)

Under Ministry of Human Resource DevelopmentGovt. of India

Accredited by NAAC with 'A' GradeNew Delhi

New Series

Vol. 13-14 (July 2017 - June 2018) Year 2019

General EditorProf. P.N. SastryVice-Chancellor

EditorDr. Madhukeshwar Bhat

Incharge (Research & Publication)

(An International Refereed & Peer-ReviewedResearch Journal, UGC-CARE Listed)

Publisher :

RegistrarRashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan

Deemed University56-57, Institutional Area,

Janakpuri, New Delhi-110056

e-mail : [email protected]

website : www.sanskrit.nic.in

© Rashtirya Sanskrit Sansthan

ISSN : 0975-1769

Edition : 2019

Rs. 50.00

Printed :D.V. Printer

97, UB, Jawahar Nager, Delhi-110007

Mob. 9818279798, 9990279798

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Advisory-Board

1. Prof. V. Kutumba Sastry,36, Evergreen Appartment Plot-9Sect. 7, Dwarka, New Delhi-110075

2. Prof. K.V. Ramakrishnamacharyalu,4-45, opp. Satyasai MandirStayasai nagar, Satya Sainagar panchayatTirupati (A.P.) - 517503

3. Prof. Ram Chandra Pandey38, Manas Nagar, DurgakundVaranasi (U.P.)

4. Prof. Kishor Chandra PadhiPuri (Odisha)

5. Prof. Azad Mishra2/239, Viramkhand-2Gomatinagar, Luknow-226010

6. Prof. G.S.R. KrishnamurtyRashtriya Snaskrit VidyapeethaTirupati - 517507 (A.P.)

7. Prof. Shripada BhatRashtriya Sanskrit VidyapeethaTirupati - 517507 (A.P.)

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Review Committee

1. Prof. Jaykant Singh Sharma

Professor, S.L.B.S.R.S.Vidyapeetham, New Delhi

2. Prof. Ramkumar Sharma

Professor, Jaipur Campus,

Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, Jaipur

3. Prof. Vishnupad Mahapatra

Professor, S.L.B.S.R.S.Vidyapeetham, New Delhi

4. Prof. Sukantkumar Senapati

Director (I/c) Mukta Swadhyaya Peetham,

Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, New Delhi

5. Dr. Mantha Sriniwasu

Project Officer, Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan,

New Delhi

Editorial Board

1. Prof. A.P. Sacchidananda

Principal (I/c), Shri Rajeev Gandhi Campus,

Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, Sringeri

2. Prof. Arknath Chodhary

Principal (I/c), Jaipur Campus,

Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, Jaipur

3. Dr. R.G. Murlikrishna

Deputy Director (I/c), (Administration),


4. Dr. Devanand Shukla

Deputy Director, (Academic),


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,oa eq[;kFkZrkoPNsnosQ rkRi;Zfo"k;kUof;rkoPNsndrk;k vHkkoks u rU=kfefrfujL; fl¼kUrHkwra dk;Zdkj.kHkkoekg ¶fdUrq rkRi;Zfo"k;kUo;s eq[;kFkZrk&oPNsnd:is.k eq[;kFkZizfr;ksfxdrk;k vHkkoks :f<% iz;kstu;ksjU;rjPp rU=kfefrA¸v;EHkko% rkRi;Zfo"k;kUo;s] vFkkZr~ xÄõk;ka ?kks"k* bR;=k rkRi;Zfo"k;hHkwrks ;ks¿Uo;%rVizfr;ksfxd% ?kks"kkuq;ksfxd% (vkèkkjkèks;Hkko:i%) r=k eq[;kFkZrkoPNsnd&izokgRo:is.k eq[;kFkZizfr;ksfxdrk;k vHkkoks¿LR;soA ;r% eq[;kFkZ% izfr;ksxh;L;] ,oa Hkwrks¿Uo;% eRL;kUo;ks u rq ?kks"kkUo;%] ?kks"kkUo;Lrq rVizfr;ksfxd%Aeq[;kFkZrkoPNsnd:is.k izokgRosu izokgizfr;ksfxdrk eRL;kUo;s u rq rkRi;Zfo"k;hHkwrs?kks"kkUo;s] r=k rkn`'kizfr;ksfxdrk;k vHkkokÂ y{k.kkuqiifÙk% ¶eq[;kFkkZUo;kuqi&iÙksLrU=kRos rq ^dkosQH;ks nfèk j{;rk* feR;=k y{k.kksRFkkua u L;kfnR;I;kgq%if.Mrjktk%A rL;k'k;ks ;n~ nfèkj{kk;ka dkdizfr;ksfxdkUo;L; dkdlEcUèkL;ckèkkHkkokr~A rkRi;Zfo"k;kUo;s eq[;kFkZrkoPNsnd:is.k eq[;kFkZizfr;ksfxdrk;kvHkkoL; rU=kRos rq dkdL; nfèkj{kk;ka dkdRosukUo;ks ukLR;firq nè;qi?kkrdRosu],o×p nfèkj{kklEcUèkL; izfr;ksfxrk dkosQ orZrs ija izfr;ksfxrkoPNsnda udkdRoefirq dkdfoMkykfnlkèkkj.ka nè;qi?kkrdRofefr nfèkj{kklEcUèkL;izfr;ksfxdrkoPNsndrk eq[;kFkZrkoPNsnosQ dkdRos ukLrhfr u ^dkosQH;ks nfèkj{;rkfeR;=k y{k.kkuqiifÙk%A ,o×p ,osQuSo dk;Zdkj.kHkkosukUo;kuqiifÙk&rkRi;kZuqiiÙ;ks% ØksMhdj.kkÙkkRi;kZuqiifÙkjUo;kuqiifÙkokZ y{k.kkchtfefr dygL;k&olj ,o usfr if.MrjktL; O;k[;kudkS'kye~A

Hkorq uke ;|soa rnkµ

1- dkiz- y- izdj.ke~

y{k.kk 5

dprL=kL;fr onua onukr~ oqQpe.Mya =klfrAeè;kn~ foHksfr u;ua u;uknèkj% leqf}tfrAA1

bR;=k 'kD;rkoPNsnd:is.kSo y{;HkkufeR;kyÄïkfjdfl¼kUrkRdFka dpRosuizrh;ekuy{;kr~ =kklksRifÙk%A dFk×p iwoksZDrdk;Zdkj.kHkkos y{k.kksRFkkufeR;=k=kkls jkgqRofof'k"Vjkgqizfr;ksfxd ,okUo;Lr=k dpRoizfr;ksfxdRokHkko bfry{k.kksRFkkua fuckZèke~A dpRosu jkgqRofof'k"VL; cksèkkr~ =kklksiifÙkjfi fuckZèkkbfr if.Mrizoj&Jh&osQnkjukFk&vks>k&egksn;su lE;x~ O;k[;kra jlpfUædk;ke~Avr ,o ukxksftHkV~VSjfi ¶'kD;rkoPNsndkjksiks y{k.kk¸ bfr eU;ekuS&¶ozhZghu~izks{krh¸R;=k fuokZgizdkja izn'kZ;f‰%&¶v=k loZ=k rÙkn~/eZfof'k"Vs 'kD;rkoPNsnd&èkekZjksi%A vr ,o dprL=kL;fr onufeR;knkS dpRokfnuk jkgqRofof'k"VL;cksèkkÂ =kklk|Uo;kuqiifÙk%¸ bfr y?kqe×tw"kk;keqDre~A fl¼kUre×tw"kk;kefi ¶vijsrq¸ bR;kfnuk ¶loZ=kSo y{k.kkKkuL; y{;rkoPNsnd'kD;rkoPNsndksHk;&izdkjd'kkCnRoa dk;ZrkoPNsnde~A ,rsu dprL=kL;fr onufeR;knkS dpRokfnukcksèks =kkldjRokuqiifÙkfjfr ijkLrfeR;fi izfrikfnre~A

ls;a y{k.kk f}foèkk fu:<k] iz;kstuorh psfrA r=k iz;kstua fouk¿fi]vukfniz;ksxijEijko'kkTtkrk] ;Fkk deZf.k oqQ'ky* bR;=k oqQ'kxzkfg:ieq[;kFkZL;ckèkkf}ospdRokfnlEcUèksu oqQ'kyina fuiq.k:ieFk± cksèk;rhfr] oqQ'kyinL; fuiq.k¿FksZy{k.kkA lk ps;esdfoèkSoA (osQpu iquèkZeZL;k;euqowQy bR;=k owQykuqxr&:i'kD;kFkZL; ckèkkr~] vuqowQyina lkn';k:ilEcUèksu fg vuqxq.k:ieFk± cksèk;rhfr]xkS.kh fu:<k*) osQpu iquj=kkfi xkS.kh'kq¼kRosu }Sfoè;ekeuUrhR;U;nsrr~A

f}rh;k ;k iz;kstuorh lk f}foèkk&xkS.kh] 'kq¼k pA r=kk|k xkS.khlkjksik]lkè;olkuk psfr f}foèkkA vUR;k 'kq¼k iqu'prqfoZèkk&miknkuy{k.kk] y{k.ky{k.kk]lkjksik] lkè;olkuk psfrA ;FkksDra dkO; izdk'ksµ

¶Lofl¼;s ijk{ksi% ijkFk± LoleiZ.ke~Amiknkua y{k.ka psR;qDrk 'kq¼So lk f}èkk_2¸

mnkgj.k×p ôqqQUrk% izfo'kfUr* bR;qiknkuy{k.kk;k%] ^xÄõk;ka ?kks"k%*&bfry{k.ky{k.kk;k% Ks;e~A ,rnso Hksn};e~ vtgRLokFkkZ] tgRLokFkkZ3 insukfi 'kkL=ksO;ofß;rsA

1- jlxÄõk/j&f}- vkuue~2- dkiz- y- izdj.ke~3- U;k- fl- eq- 'k- izdj.ke~ (y{k.kkfu:i.ke~)

6 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

fo"k;fo"kf;.kks% i`FkÄ~fufnZ"V;ksjHksn vkjksi%] rsu lfgrk lkjksik];FkksDra&¶lkjksik¿U;k rq ;=kksDrkS fo"k;h fo"k;LrFkk1¸ bfr dkO;izdk'ksAvi`FkÄ~fufnZ"Vs fo"k;s fo"kÕ;Hksnks¿è;olkua] rsu lfgrk lkè;olkusfrA ;FkksDra&¶fo"kÕ;Ur% Ñrs¿U;fLeu~ lk L;kr~ lkè;olkfudk¸&bfr dkO;izdk'ksA ls;alkjksik] lkè;olkuk p ;fn lkn`';kr~ lEcUèkkr~ Hkofr rnk xkS.kh]lkn`';srjlEcUèkkPpsr~] 'kq¼sR;k'k;%A ;FkksDra r=kSo&

¶HksnkfoekS p lkn`';kr~ lEcUèkkUrjrLrFkkAxkS.kkS 'kq¼kS p foKs;kS2¸ bfr dkO;izdk'ksA

mnkgj.k×p ^xkSckZghd* bfr xkS.;k%] lkjksik;k% xkSj;fefrA rL;k ,olkè;olkuk;k%] mHk;ksjfi lkn`';lEcUèkewydRokr~A ,rnso Hksn};a :idkfr&'k;ksDR;yÄïkj;ksewZye~A ,o×p "kM~foèkk y{k.ksfr fu"d"kZ%A ;FkksDre~ ^y{k.kk rsu"kM~fo/sfr dkO; izdk'ksA mnkgj.k×p êq[ka pUæ* bfr lkjksik;k% ¶iqjs¿fLeu~lkSèkf'k[kjs pUæjkth fojktrs¸ bfr p lkè;olkuk;k%A

,o×p&êq[ka pUæ* bfr :idLFkys eq[;kFkZL; ckèkkr~] lkn`';k[;lEcUèksupUæinL; pUæln'ks y{k.kk] pUæxrklkèkkj.kkÈkndRokfnèkekZ.kka eq[ks izrhfr:iiQyaiz;kstue~A r=k pUæinsu y{k.k;ksiLFkkfirL; pUæln`'kkFkZL; eq[kinksiLFkkfirsueq[kRofof'k"Veq[kkFksZu lgkHksnlEcUèksukUo;kr~] pUæln`'kkfHkÂa eq[kfefr cksèk%Au p :idLFkys yk?kokPpUækfninkuka lkn`';:is èkeZ ,o y{k.ksfr okP;e~A};ksukZekFkZ;ksjHksnkfrfjDrlEcUèksukUo;cksèkL;kO;qRiÂr;k rsu lg eq[kknhukeUo;&L;Sok¿lEHkokr~A

uUosoa lfr lkjksiy{k.kkLFkys ln`'kèkfeZf.k y{k.kka LohÑR;] pUæln`'kkfHkÂaeq[kfeR;so cksèk% LohfØ;rs rnk pUæln`'ka eq[kfeR;qiekrks cksèkkoSy{k.;kUeq[kapUæ bfr :idL; Hksn ,o dFka L;kr~\ u p pUæln`'ka eq[kfeR;qiek;kesd&inkFksZ¿ijinkFkZL; lalxZ% lalxZe;kZn;k Hkklr bfr fu;ekPpUæinsu pUæinkFkksZifLFkrkSln`'kinsu ln`'kinkFkksZifLFkrkS lR;keqHk;ksjfi pUækFkZln`'kkFkZ;ksfHkZÂinksiLFkkI;Rosur;ksjHksnL; lalxZe;kZn;k HkkL;RokPpUækfHkÂa ;Rln`'ka rnfHkÂa eq[kfefr cksèk%Aêq[ka pUæ* bfr :iosQ rq pUæinL; rRln`'ks yk{kf.kdr;k pUæln`'kkFkZL;Sd&inksiLFkkI;RosuSdinkFkZr;k r;ksjHksnL;kfi] y{;?kVdr;k u rL; lalxZe;kZn;kHkkufefr :idLFkys pUæln`'kkfHkÂa eq[kfefr cksèkoSy{k.;su :idksie;ksHksZn%lqizfrik| ,osfr okP;e~A cksèkoSy{k.;ek=ks.k i`FkxyÄïkjrk;k% LohdrqZe'kD;Rokr~A

1- dkiz- y- izdj.ke~2- dkiz- y- izdj.ke~

y{k.kk 7

vU;Fkk ^pUæ bo eq[ke~* pUæln`'ka eq[ke~ bR;qieky{;r;k loZlEer;ksjfiLFky;ksjyÄïkjHksnL; Lohdj.kh;kiÙks%A fuikrkuka |ksrdrku;s fg pUæ bo eq[kfeR;=k:idjhR;k pUæln`'kL; lEcUèkL; lalxZe;kZn;k HkkukHkkokr~ ^pUæln`'kkfHkÂaeq[k* fefr :idLFkyh;cksèkln`'k ,o cksèk%A ^pUæln`'ka eq[k* feR;=k p iwoZiznf'kZr ,o cksèk bfr cksèkoSy{k.;L; lqLi"VRokr~A fuikrkuka okpdRos¿fi]^bo* 'kCn% lkn`';okpd%] ln`'kokpdks osfr i{k};a lEHkofrA r=k lkn`';okposQpUæinkFkZL; fu:firRolEcUèksu bokFksZ lkn`';s rL; p Lo:ilEcUèksuksies;seq[ks pkUo;kPpUæfu:fira ;r~ lkn`';a rn~oUeq[kfefr cksèk%A ln`'kokposQ rqpUæizfr;ksfxdlkn`';kJ;kfHkÂa eq[kfefr cksèk%A ija pUæln`'ka eq[kfeR;=k rqiwoZonso cksèk bfr i{k};s¿fi cksèkoSy{k.;L; fl¼RoknyÄïkjHksnL; Lohdj.kh;k&iÙksfjfr psnqP;rsµ

:idL;ksiekr% 'kkCncksèks lekus¿fi :idLFkys y{k.kkÄõhdkjkYy{k.kk;k'pliz;kstuRokYy{k.kkiQyhHkwrL; rkæwI;L; fo"k;s eq[kknkS fo"kf;rkoPNsndpUæRokns%izrhfreknk; Hksnks fuckZèk%A

v;ek'k;ks ;nqiek;ka fo"k;s eq[kknkS fo"kf;.k'pUækns% lkn`';ek=kL;izrhfrHkZofrA :iosQ rq fo"kf;rkoPNsndpUæRoknsjihfr fo'ks"k%A u p y{k.kktU;knfi:iosQ ln'kcksèkkRdFka eq[ks pUæRokfnizrhfr#ik;kUrjL;kHkkokn~ HksnKkusu izfrcUèkkPpAvU;FkksiekLFkys¿fi lk oqQrks u L;kfnfr okP;e~A ,dinksiknkuksRFkL; O;×tuL;ks&ik;Rokr~A ckèkcqf¼izfrcè;rkoPNsndoqQ{kkS oS;×tfudcksèkkfrfjDrRofuos'ksurkn`'kizrhrsckZèkKkusukizfrcUèkkPpsR;sosQA

vU;s rq&:idLFkys pUækfninsH;ks y{k.k;k pUæln`'kRosuksifLFkrkukefieq[kknhuka pUæRosuSo :is.k eq[kkfninksiLFkkfirSeqZ[kkfnfHk% lgkHksnkUo;cksèk%ArRin'kD;rkoPNsndizdkjdy{;kUo;cksèka izfr] rRiny{k.kkKkua dkj.kfefr dk;Z&dkj.kHkkoL;kÄõhdkjkr~A u pSoa inkFkksZifLFkfr'kkCncksèk;ks% lekukdkjdRofefrfu;efojksèk% L;kfnfr okP;e~A vuqHkolkf{kdoSy{k.;dyk{kf.kdcksèkkfrfjDrcksèk,o rfÂ;eLohdkjkr~A

osQpu iquHksZnfof'k"Va lkn`';eqiekiz;kstde~A Hksnk¿fof'k"V×p :idL;sfr]:idLFkys pUækfHkÂpUæln`'kfefr] miekLFkys rq pUæln`'kfeR;so cksèk%A bR;soajhR;k :idLFkys lkjksiy{k.kkÄõhdkjs¿I;qiekrks Hksnlkèkda O;k[;kuHksnsu izdkj=k;e~A

uO;kLrq ckèkfu'p;L; izfrcè;rkoPNsnddksVkoukgk;ZRoL;so 'kCnkU;Ro&L;kfi fuos';RokUeq[ka pUæ bR;kfn"kq y{k.kka fouSokHksnlalxsZ.kkUo;cksèk%A¶vR;UrklR;fi áFksZ Kkua 'kCn% djksfr gh¸ fr fl¼kUr%A

8 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

vU;Fkk izkphuS%µ jktukjk;.ka y{ehLRokekfyÄõfr fuHkZjfeR;=k jktukjk;.k*fefr ins&mifefrlekl% deZèkkj;ks osfr pk'kÄ~D; ;fn pk=k jktk ukjk;.kbosfr fox`á ¶mifera O;k?kzkfnfHk%¸ bfr lw=ks.k lekls] miekyÄïkj% LohfØ;sr]rnk ukjk;.kln`'kks jktsfr cksèks lkèO;k je.;k ifrln`'kcqn~è;k¿U;L; iaqlvkfyÄõuklEHkokYy{ehdrZdkfyÄõuL;k¿uqiiÙ;k rnqiiÙk;s jktk pklkS ukjk;.kbfr fox`á ¶e;wjO;aldkn;'p¸ bfr :idkyÄïkjlkèkdleklLohdkjs jktkfHkÂksukjk;.k bfr cksèks y{ehdrZdk¿fyÄõuL;ksiifÙkxZedRosu LohÑrk¿lÄõrk L;kr~A,oeso p ¶iknkEcqta Hkorq es fot;k;¸ bR;kfni|s iwoZonk¿'kÄ~D;] ;fn pk=k:idkyÄïkjlkèkddeZèkkj;lekl% LohfØ;sr] rnk iknkfHkÂeEcqtfefr cksèkse×tqe×thjf'kf×treuksgjRoL;kEcqts¿lEHkoknuqiiÙ;k rnqiiÙk;s iknks¿Ecqtfeos*&R;qifefrlekl ,o LohÑr% :iosQ fg y{k.kkÄõhdkjs rwHk;=kkfi cksèkL; lkekU;kfnfr:idLFkys okP;kFkZ;ksjsok¿gk;ZHksnkUo;cksèkljf.kjso T;k;lhA u pSoa leklLFkyh;&:iosQ lR;I;kgk;kZ¿HksnkUo;cksèkkÄõhdkjs.k fuokZgs] O;klLFkys rq y{k.kkÄõhdkjs ufdefi ckèkdfefr okP;e~A O;kls¿fi ¶Ñi;k lqèk;k fl×p gjs eka rkiewfPNZre~bR;=k ln`'ky{k.kkÄõhdkjs lqèkkln`'k;k Ñi;sfr cksèks lspudj.krk;k vuqiiÙks%A

oLrqrLrq :idLFkys lkjksiy{k.kkÄõhdkj ,o 'kkL=klEer%A uuwDra ;æwiosQy{k.kÄõhdkjs jktukjk;.kfeR;=k iknkEcqtfeR;=k pksiek:id;ks% ckfèkdr;k :idksi&e;ksfuZ.kkZ;dr;k p y{ehdrZdkfyÄõue×tqe×thjf'kf×trRo;ksjuqiifÙkfoZ#¼k L;kr~]rÂ y{k.kkLFkys 'kD;rkoPNsnd:is.kSo y{;HkkuL; LohdkjkæwiosQ] miekurk&oPNsnd:is.k rRln`'kizR;;L;ksiikfnrRosu jktukjk;.kfeR;knkS fo'ks"k.kleklk;rL; :idL; Lohdkjs izèkkuhHkwrksÙkjinkFkZL; ukjk;.kln`'kL;kfi ukjk;.kRosusoizrhrkS y{ehdrZdkfyÄõuL;kuqiiÙksjHkkokr~A meferleklkèkhuk;k miek;k% Lohdkjsrq izèkkuhHkwriwoZinkFkZL; jkKks jktRosuso izrhrs rRdrZdkfyÄõuL;kuqiiÙks%A ,oesoîknkEcqt* feR;=kkfi :idL; Lohdkjs izèkkuhHkwrksÙkjinkFkZL;kEcqtln`'kL;kEcq&tRosuSo izrhrseZ×tqe×thjf'kf×treuksgjrk;k vuqiiÙks%A miferleklk;Ùkk;k&eqiek;ka rq izèkkuL; iknL; iknRosuSo izrhrkS ukfLr rL;k (e×tqe×thjeuksgjrk;k%)vuqiifÙkfjfr lo± le×tle~A rkæwI;izR;;ks fg y{k.kk;k% iQyfefr izkpkafl¼kUrkr~A egkHkk";kfnxzUFkkukefLeÂsokuqowQyRokPpsfr foLrjs.k izfrikfnra if.MrjktS%jlxÄõkèkjsA uO;u;s rq rs"kkekoqQyhHkko% L;kfnfr foKSè;sZ;e~A

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1- i-y-e-dkjdfopkj%2- Hk-xh-2-47

¹ 9 º

10 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

1- ozqQèkæqgks#il`"V;ks% deZ (1-4-38) vFkZ%µmilxZiwoZd;ks% ozqQèk&nqzg&èkkRoks% ;ksxs ;a izfr dksiLrRdkjda deZl×Ka L;kr~ bfrA

2- fno% deZ p (1-4-43) vFkZ% fno~&èkkrks% lkèkdrea dkjdadeZlaKa L;kr~] dj.kl×Kefi L;kr~A lw=ks¿fLeu~ pdkj% deZdj.kl×K;ks% leqPp;kFkZ%Avr% vusu lw=ks.k deZl×Kk dj.kl×Kk bfr l×Kk};eqP;rs bfr fo'ks"k%A

3- vfèk'khÄ~LFkklka de Z (1-4-046) vFkZ%µvfèkiwoZd'khÄ~kfn&èkkRoFkZfØ;kJ;% ;% drkZ] rkn`'kdrqZ% ;% vkèkkj% Hkofr rL; vkèkkjL;deZl×Kk Hkofr bfrA

4- vfHkfufo'k'p (1-4-047) vFkZ% vfHk&fu&bR;qilxZ};iwoZd&fo'kèkkRoFkZ&fØ;kJ;% ;% drkZ] rkn`'kdrqZ% ;% vkèkkj% rL; vkèkkjL; deZl×KkHkofr bfrA

5- mikUoè;kÄ~ol% (1-4-048) vFkZ%&mi&vuq&vfèk&vkÄ~&bR;srnU;re&iwoZd&olèkkRoFkZfØ;kJ;% ;% drkZ] rkn`'kdrqZ% ;% vkèkkj% rL; vkèkkjL;deZl×Kk Hkofr bfrA

6- drqZjhfIlrrea deZ (1-4-049) vFkZ%µdrqZ% fØ;;k vkIrqfe"Vreadkjda deZl×Ka L;kr~ &bfrA

7- rFkk;qDra pkuhfIlre~ (1-4-050) vFkZ%µ fØ;;k ;qDre~ bZfIlrreor~vuhfIlrefi dkjda deZl×Ka L;kr~&bfrA

8- vdfFkra p (1-4-051) vFkZ%µviknkukfnfo'ks"kS% vfoof{kra dkjdadeZl×Ka L;kr~µbfrA

9- xfrcqf¼izR;olkukFkZ'kCndekZdeZdk.kkef.k drkZ l .kk S(1-4-052)

vFkZ%µxR;FkZdkuke~ (xeukFkZdkuke~)] cqn~è;FkZdkuke~ (voxeukFkZdkuke~)]izR;olkukFkZdkuke~ (Hk{k.kkFkZdkuke~)] 'kCndeZdk.kke~ (;L; èkkRoFkZL;x|i|eU=kkfn'kCn ,o deZ)] vdeZdk.kke~ (;L; èkkRoFkZL; deZ ,o uHkofr) p èkkrwuke~ v.;UrkoLFkk;ke~ ('kq¼èkkRoLFkk;ke~¾f.ktzfgrèkkRoLFkk;ke~);% drkZ Hkofr l% .;UrkoLFkk;ka deZl×K% HkofrµbfrA

10- âØksjU;rjL;ke~ (1-4-053) vFkZ%µâèkkrks% Ñèkkrks'p v.;UrkoLFkk;ka;% drkZ l% .;UrkoLFkk;ka deZl×K% Hkofr bfrA

,oa izdkjs.k n'kfHk% lw=kS% deZl×Kk mDrkA ,oeso fl¼kUrdkSeq|ka n'k

ikf.kuh;s deZl×Kkfoe'kZ% 11

okfrZdkfu deZl×KklEc¼kfu pfpZrkfuA rs"kq pRokfj foèkk;dkfu] i×p fu"ksèkdkfu],da fuf"k¼L; fu"ksèkde~ vFkkZr~ lw=ks.kSo flè;frA rs"kq foèkk;dkfu okfrZdkfuµ

1- vdeZdèkkrqfHk;ksZxs ns'k% dkyks Hkkoks xUrO;ks¿èok p deZl×Kdbfr okP;e ~ (ok-la- 1103]11041) vFkZ%µvdeZdèkkrqfHk;ksZxs ns'kokpd%]dkyokpd%] Hkkookpd% vèookpd'p 'kCn% deZl×Kd% HkofrA vdfFkrap (1-4-051) bfr lw=ks.k vizkIrk;k% deZl×Kk;k% izkI;FkZfena opue~A

2- tYifrizHk`rhukeqilÄ~[;kue~ (ok-la- 11072) vFkZ%µtYifrizHk`fr&èkkrwukefi v.kkS ;% drkZ l% .kkS deZ Hkofr bfr oDrO;e~µbfrA tYifrizHkrhfuµtYifr] foyifr] vkHkk"krs] O;kgjfr] onfrµbR;kfnA xfrcqf¼izR;olkukFkZ&'kCndekZdeZdk.kkef.k drkZ l .kkS (1-4-052) bfr lw=ks.k vizkIrk deZl×Kkvusu okD;su lEiw;Zr bR;FkZ%A

3- n`'ks'p (ok-la- 11083) vFkZ%µn`f'kj~&izs{k.ks èkkrks% vfi v.kkS ;%drkZ l% .kkS deZ Hkofr bfr oDrO;e~µbfrA xfrcqf¼izR;olkukFkZ&'kCndekZdeZdk.kkef.k drkZ l .kkS (1-4-052) bfr lw=ks.k vizkIrk deZl×Kkvusu okD;su lEiw;Zrs bR;FkZ%A

4- vfHkokfnn`'kksjkReusins osfr okP;e~ (ok-la- 11144) vFkZ%µgsrqefrp (3-1-026) bfr lw=ks.k izkIrL; .;UrL; vfHkiwoZdonèkkrks% rFkk n`f'kizÑfr&d.;UrL; p vkReusifnu% ;% v.kkS drkZ l% .kkS ok deZ Hkofr bfroDrO;e~µbfrA âØksjU;rjL;ke~ (1-4-053) bfr lw=ks.k vizkIrk deZl×Kkvusu okD;su lEiw;Zrs bR;FkZ%A

,oa Øes.k n'kkuka lw=kk.kka rFkk prq.kk± okfrZdkuka p vFkZ% n`"V%A ,rS%n'kfHk% lw=kS% prqfHkZ% okfrZoSQ'p deZl×Kk foèkh;rsA rr% deZf.k f}rh;k (2-3-002) bfr lw=ks.k f}rh;k foHkfDr% flè;frA ,rs"kq n'klq lw=ks"kq drqZjhfIlrreadeZ (1-4-49) bfr lw=ke~ vU;ree~A cgq"kq LFkys"kq vusu lw=ks.k deZl×KkHkofr bfr gsrks%] izèkkuRokPp bna lw=ka fdf×pfno fopk;ZrsA

drqZjhfIlrrea deZ (1-4-49) f=kinkReda lw=kfene~A v=k drqZ%] bZfIlrree~]deZ bfr infoHkkx%A dkjosQ (1-4-23) bfr lw=ke=kkfèkfØ;rsA v=k lw=ks izFkekFkZs

1- fl-dkS-lw-la 5392- fl-dkS-lw-la 5403- fl-dkS-lw-la 5404- fl-dkS-lw-la 541

12 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

lIrehfoHkfDr%A ,o×p dkjdfeR;FkZ%A bZfIlrre~ bR;=k O;kIR;FkZdkr~ vkIy`èkkrks%èkkrks% deZ.k% lekudrZdkfnPNk;ka ok (3-1-7) bfr lw=ks.k lUizR;;%A rr%vkIKI;`èkkehr~ (7-4-55) bfr lw=ks.k vkdkjL; LFkkus bZdkjkns'ks bZi~$lk bfrfLFkrkS lU;Äks% (6-1-9) bfr lw=ks.k èkkrks% f}Ros v=k yksiksH;klL; (7-4-58)bfr lw=ks.k vH;klL; yksis bZIl bfr tkrs rr% efrcqf¼iwtkFksZH;'p (3-2-188) bfr lw=ks.k orZekus drZfj DrizR;;%A ddkjL;kuqcUèkyksis vkèkZèkkrqdL;s&Ä~oykns% (7-2-35) bfr lw=ks.k bMkxes VdkjL;kuqcUèkyksis bZIl$br bfrn'kk;ke~ vrks yksi% (6-4-48) bfr lw=ks.k vdkjyksis bZfIlr bfr tkrs rr%vfr'kk;us refc"BukS (5-3-55) bfr lw=ks.k reIizR;;s idkjL;kuqcUèkyksisbZfIlrre bfr tkrs lqizR;;s vekns'ks iwoZ:is p bZfIlrree~ bfr flè;frA v=kbZfIlr'kCn% vfHkizsrij% uA fdUrq fØ;kokpd ,oA vfLeu~ lw=ks drqZ% bR;=kDrL; p orZekus (2-3-64) bfr lw=ks.k "k"BhfoHkfDr%A

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v=k 'kÄïkµ

vfLeu~ lw=ks fØ;kokpdRocksèkukFkZe~ bZfIlr'kCnL; iz;ksx% vko';d%bR;qDre~A rfgZ rkokuso 'kCn% vLrq reIizR;;L; r=k dk ok vko';drk\ bfrA

v=k lek/kue~

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deZ.k% foHkkx%µ

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fuoZR;± p fodk;± p izkI;a psfr f=kèkk ere~ArPpsfIlrrea deZ prqèkkZU;Ùkq dfYire~«

vkSnklhU;su ;RizkI;a ;Pp drqZjuhfIlre~Al×KkUrjSjuk[;kra ;|PpkI;U;iwoZde~«2 bfr

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bZfIlrrea deZ bR;L; bZfIlrrein?kfVrlw=kfofgra desZR;FkZ%A bZfIlrree~¾drqZjhfIlrrea deZ (1-4-049) bfr izFkelw=kfofgra] rPpdeZ rq fuoZR;±fodk;± izkI;fefr f=kèkk ere~A vU;r~ rq¾vU;r~ lw=kkUrjfofgra rq prqèkkZdfYire~A dFkfeR;r vkgµ;r~] vkSnklhU;su¾rkVLF;su izkI;e~] ;r~ pdrqZjuhfIlre~ ,rn~ };efi rFkk;qDra pkuhfIlre~ (1-4-50) bfr f}rh;lw=k&fufnZ"Ve~~A ;r~] l×KkUrjS%¾viknkukfnl×KkUrjS%] vuk[;kre~¾vfoof{kre~A ,rn~

1- oS-Hkw-lk-lqcFkZfu.kZ;s-2- ok-i-i-dk-lk-l-'yks-la- 45]46

14 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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'yksosQ bZfIlrrea deZ f=kèkk bR;qDrRokr~ osQpu vU;Ùkq bR;qDrs vuhfIlrreadeZ rq prqfoZèkfefr O;kp[;q%A vuhfIlrdeZ.kka pkrqfoZè;k;ksxkr~ rn;qDre~A

?kVa djksrhR;k|L;ksnkgj.ke~A dk"Ba HkLe djksrhfr] lqo.k± oqQ.Mya djksrhfrp f}rh;L;A ?kVa i';rhfr r`rh;L;A r`.ka Li`'krhfr prqFkZL;A fo"ka HkqÄ~Drs bfri×peL;A xksiky% xka nksfXèk i;% "k"BL;A ozwQjefHkozqQè;rhfr lIreL;A

lrh ok¿fo|ekuk ok izÑfr% ifj.kkfeuhA;L; ukfJ;rs rL; fuoZR;ZRoa izp{krs« 3-7-47«

izÑrsLrq foo{kk;ka fodk;± oSQf'pnU;FkkAfuoZR;± p fodk;± p deZ 'kkÏs iznf'kZre~« 3-7-48«

;nlTtk;rs l}k tUeuk ;Rizdk';rsArfÂoZR;± fodk;± p deZ }sèkk O;ofLFkre~« 3-7-49«

izÑR;qPNsnlEHkwra fdf×pRdk"BkfnHkLeor~Afdf×pn~xq.kkUrjksRiÙ;k lqo.kkZfnfodkjor~« 3-7-50«

fØ;kÑrfo'ks"kk.kka flf¼;Z=k u xE;rsAn'kZuknuqekuk}k rRizkI;fefr dF;rs« 3-7-51«

bfr1 r=kLFkS% ,o i×pfHk% 'yksoSQ% rs"kka y{k.kkfu p izksDrkfuA r=kµ

lrh ok¿fo|ekuk ok izÑfr% ifj.kkfeuhA;L; ukfJ;rs rL; fuoZR;ZRoa izp{krs« 3-7-47«

izÑrsLrq foo{kk;ka fodk;±--- bfr Hkkxsu fuoZR;Zfodk;Z;ksyZ{k.keqDre~µ

v;eFkZ%µ;L; izÑR;ka fo|ekuk;ka lR;kefi ukJh;rs¾u foo{;rs] vU;Pp;L; ok izÑfrjfo|ekuSo rRdeZ fuoZR;ZfeR;FkZ%A ;Fkk ?kVa djksfr] la;ksxadjksfrA v=k% izÑfr% bR;qDrs miknkue~A miknku'kCn miknkudkj.kij%A tfudrqZ%

1- ok-i-i-dk-lk-l-'yks-la- 47&51


izÑfr% (1-4-30) bR;=k rFkk izÑfr'p izfrKkn`"VkUrkuqijksèkkr~1 bR;knkS rFkkn'kZukr~A ;L; izÑfr% dk;kZHksnsu foo{;rs rn~ fodk;± deZA ;Fkkµe`na ?kVadjksfrA lqo.k± oqQ.Mya djksrhfrA Hksnsu foo{kk;ka rq e`na ?kVa djksrhfr fuoZR;ZesodeZA

v=k gsykjkth;s fuoZR;ZdeZ.k% e`nk ?kVa djksfr bfr mnkgj.ka nÙke~AvEckd=khZ;s2 v;a Hkko%µ;nk fo|ekuk;k% vfo|ekuk;k% ok izÑrsfoZÑR;k lgê`na ?kVa djksfr* bR;kfn:ir;k vHksnfoo{kk] rnk u rfÂoZR;± deZ] izÑfr:is.kiwoZfl¼Rokr~A ;nk rq Hksnfoo{kk r;ks%] ê`nk ?kVa djksfr* bfr rnk rfÂoZR;±deZ] izÑrs% iwoZfl¼Ros¿fi rnkuha foÑrsfuZoZR;ekuRokfnfrµbfr O;k[;kre~A

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izkI;a deZµ;=k¾deZf.k fØ;kÑrkuka fo'ks"kk.kka flf¼%] n'kZukr~¾izR;{kk&

1- cz-lw-1-4-232- ok-i-i-dk-lk-l-'yks-la- 47 O;k[;kus3- Nk-m-6-2-14- ok-i-dk-lk-l-'yks-la- 47] 48 O;k[;kus5- oS;kdj.kHkw"k.klkjs lqcFkZfu.kZL; O;k[;kus rÙonf'kZU;ke~

16 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

nuqekuk}k] u xE;rs] rRdeZ izkI;fefr dF;rsA ;Fkk vkfnR;a i';fr] xzkeaxPNfrA n`"Vs vn`"Vs vkfnR;s fØ;kÑrks fo'ks"k% izR;{ks.kkuqekusu ok¿oxUraq u'kD;rs] xrkxrxzkes ok fØ;kÑrks fo'ks"k% izR;{ks.kkuqekusu ok¿oxUrqa u 'kD;rsA

,o×p n'kfHk% lw=kS% prqfHkZ% okfrZoSQ'p deZ.k% lIr izHksnk% lek;krk%ArfnRFka izn'kZf;raq 'kD;rsA

1- fuoZR;± deZµpS=k% ?kVa djksfr bR;knkS ?kVkfn%A

2- fodk;± deZµdk"Ba HkLe djksfr lqo.k± oqQ.Mya djksfr bR;knkSdk"BoqQ.Mykfn%A

3- izkI;a deZµpS=k% ?kVa i';fr bR;knkS ?kVkfn%A

,rs =k;% Hksnk% drqZjhfIlrrea deZ (1-4-049) bfr lw=ks.k flè;fUrA

4-vkSnklhU;su izkI;a deZ] mnklhua deZµxzkea xPNu~ r`.ka Li`'kfrbR;knkS r`.kkfn%A

5- drqZjuhfIlra deZµnsonÙk% fo"ka HkqÄ~Drs bR;knkS fo"kkfn%A

,rkS }kS HksnkS rFkk;qDra pkuhfIlre~ (1-4-050) bfr lw=ks.k flè;r%A

6- l×KkUrjSjuk[;kra deZµpS=k% xka nksfXèk bR;knkS xokfn%A

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1- okD;inh;a czãdk.Me~ dkfjdk 123A2- okD;inh;a czãdk.Me~ dkfjdk 127A


¹ 25 º

26 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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1- okD;inh;a czãdk.Me~ dkfjdk 126A2- okD;inhia czãdk.Ma dkfjdk 124A3- okD;inh;a czãdk.Ma dkfjdk 82A4- ikraty;ksxn'kZus 17A

LiQksVrÙofoe'ksZ fprs% Lo:ie~ 27

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28 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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1- ijey?kqe×tw"kk;ka LiQksVfu:i.ksA

LiQksVrÙofoe'ksZ fprs% Lo:ie~ 29

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1- okD;inh;a czãdk.Me~ dkfjdk 113A2- okD;inh;a czãdk.Me~ dkfjdk 114A3- okD;inh;a czãdk.Me~ dkfjdk 14A4- okD;inh;a czãdk.Mee~ dkfjdk 16A

O;kdj.kkfn'kkÐlEera fuR;k¿fuR;foospue~

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¹ 30 º

O;kdj.kkfn'kkÐlEera fuR;k¿fuR;foospue~ 31

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32 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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36 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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( 37 )

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38 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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1- 'kqDy;tqosZn & 36-17

'kkfUreU=k osQ fØ;kUo;u ls izÑfr esa lUrqyu 39

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bZ'kkokL;fena loZa ;fRd×p txR;ka txr~Aû

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vc ge ns[ksa fd gekjs osnksa esa fdl izdkj ls i;kZoj.k dks vuqowQycukus dh ppkZ dh xbZ gSA ;gk¡ è;krO; gS fd osn jksx vFkok leL;k osQfunku osQ ekxZ dks ugha dgrk vfirq osn rks ml ekxZ ij izo`Ùk djrk gS ftllsleL;k vk, gh ukA ;fn osn dks lw{e fpUru ls i<k tk, rks ge tkusaxs fdftruh fpUrk osn dks i;kZoj.k dh gSA mruh vU; fdlh fopkjèkkjk dks ughagSA

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1- bZ'kkokL;ksifu"kn~&1-1

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|kS 'kkfUr% &

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vUrfj{k ¤'kkfUr% &

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1- ½Xosn&1-50-112- ½Xosn&2-12-23- ½Xosn&2-12-6

42 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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vki% 'kkfUr% &

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1- vFkoZosn] 12-1-3&6

44 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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1- ½Xosn] 5-83-42- 'kqDy;tqosZn] 6-223- 'kqDy;tqosZn] 14-84- vFkoZosn] 6-24-25- ;tqosZn] 1-25


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1- 'kqDy;tqosZn] 12-78

46 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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1- ½Xosn] 1-90-2


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1- ;tqosZn] 36-9&102- ;tqosZn] 36-18

48 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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f'k{kk;k% O;kidizpkjL; izlkjL; pkuUrjefi oLrqr% u d'pu vR;fèkd%fodkl% f'k{k.ks rUewY;kÄïus u n';rs dkj.kUrq ,deso fo|ky;s"kq izf'kf{krf'k{kdkukap vHkko%A ,rn~dkj.kknso fo|ky;s mÙkeksÙkeifjos'kL; fuekZ.ka dr±q u 'kD;rs]


¹ 49 º

50 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

;su Nk=kk.kka f'k{k.k&ewY;kÄïukn;% izfd;k% lq"Bq l×pkyf;raq 'kD;sju~Afo|ky;ifjos'kL; lk{kkRizHkko% Nk=kk.kka fodkls tk;rs bfr cgwuka euksfonkefHkizk;%Arnuqjksèksu rRifjos'kL; fuekZ.ka izf'kf{krizkè;kioSQ% fouk u lEHkkO;rsA vr%iz'kkldkuke~ vè;kidkuka p fo'ks"kr% nkf;Rofena Hkofr ;r~ rs fo|ky;h;ifjos'kalE;d~ fuekZ; Nk=kfgra lEikn;s;q%A

v|Ros f'k{kktxr~ uSdizdkjk.kka uofpUrukuka LokuqHkwriz;ksxk.kka p dkj.kr%izHkkfora n`';rsA fo|ky;L; la?kVukRed% ifjos'k% fo|ky;h;iz'kkluL; {ks=ks¿fiegÙoiw.kkZ ladYiuk fo|rsA ,rnUrxZra fo|ky;s O;kIr% fofoèkizdkjd% ifjos'k%mPpkr~ U;wuØes.k Js.khc¼% fØ;rsA Js.khdj.kk; fo'ys"k.kL; vkèkkj% vfiizLrw;rs ;su rnkèkkjs.k fo|ky;s okaNuh;i;kZoj.ka l`T;rsA fo|ky;L; ifjos'ks uosQoya r=kR;a HkkSxksfyda i;kZoj.ke~ vUrHkZofr vfirq fo|ky;L; izR;sdefirÙoa ;Pp fo|kfFkZua izHkko;fr rRloZefi fo|ky;L; ifjos'ks vUrHkZofrA r=kfg ekuoh;lalkèkukfu] HkkSfrdoLrwfu] vkUrfjdekufldfpUrukfu p vUrHkZofUrAekuoh;lalkèkus"kq izèkkukpk;kZ%] f'k{kdk%] lgikfBu%] deZpkfj.k'p vUrHkZofUrAHkkSfrdoLrq"kq fo|ky;Hkoue~] d{kkizdks"Bk%] ikB~;ksidj.kkfu] [kk|ikukfnoLrwfup vUrHkZofr] ,rnfrfjDra fo|ky;L; LFkkua] {ks=ka ifjr% fo|ekukfu i;kZoj.kh;&rÙokfu] ok;q%] tye~] iznw"k.ke~] f'k{kdkuka O;ogkj%] lgikfBuka lg;ksx%]deZpkfj.kke~ vkReh;Roe~] ØhMkax.ke~] ikB~;lgxkfeU;% fØ;k%] bR;kfnuh lokZ.;firÙokfu vUrHkZofUrA ,rS% rÙoS% ,o fo|ky;L; ifjos'k% ifjiw.kZ% HkofrA

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ewY;kÄïuifjos'k;ks% vUr%lEcUèk%µ

Nk=kk.kka O;ogkjs tk;ekuxq.kkRedifjorZuL; voxeua ,o oLrqr%ewY;kÄïue~A dL;kfi mÙkeewY;kÄïudk;ZØeL; Ñrs vko';defLr ;r~ rUewY;kÄïuaNk=kk.kka O;ogkjs tk;ekua ifjorZua mfprjhR;k ewY;kÄ~fdrqa 'kDuq;kr~A fofHkÂfo"k;k.kkaf'k{k.kL; fofoèkkfu ,oksís';kfu HkofUr rFkk p fHkÂ&fHkÂksís';kuka izkIR;Fk±fofoèkizdkjdk% vfèkxefØ;k% Nk=kk.kka lEeq[ka izLrw;UrsA fofoèkizdkjdfØ;k.kkaiQyRosu Nk=kk.kka O;ogkjs tk;ekukuka ifjorZukuka ewY;kÄïua ljya ukfLrA ,rfÂferafo|ky;s mÙkeO;oLFkk;k% mÙkeL; ifjos'kL; p egfr vko';drk HkofrA;fn f'k{kd% mÙker;k izf'kf{kr% Hkofr rnk% l% mÙkekuka ewY;kÄïufoèkhuka

Nk=kewY;kÄïuizfØ;k;ka fo|ky;h;ifjos'kL; izHkko% 51

p;uefi drq± 'kDuksfr ;su ewY;kÄïua liQya tk;srA r=kkfi ewY;kÄïsu vR;fèkdkvko';drk Hkofr fo|ky;L; izR;sdefi rÙoL; leqfprleqiyCèkrk;k%Ar|Fkkµ

;fn f'k{kd% fo'ks"kizdkjs.k Nk=kk.kka O;ogkjL; ewY;kÄïua drZZZqfePNfrfdUrq fo|ky;L; izkpk;Z% dks¿fi deZpkjh p lgdkja u djksfr psr~ ewY;kÄïualiQya u L;kr~A mÙkekuka lkèkukuke~ vHkko% vfLr psnfi ewY;kÄïua liQya uHkosr~A Nk=kk.kka euksfLFkfr% ewY;kÄïuL; Ñrs fl¼k% ukfLr psnfi ewY;kÄïuavliQyesoA bRFka fo|ky;izkpk;Z% r=kR;k% deZpkfj.k% lkèkukfu Nk=kk.kka euksn'kkap ,rs losZ fefyRok ,o fo|ky;L; ifjos'k% bR;qP;rsA vr% fo|ky;ifjos'kL;ewY;kÄïus egku~ izHkko% Hkofr bfr voxE;rsA

Hkkjrh;ifjos'ks ;% dks¿fi fodkl% dL;kfi tuL; thous lEHkofr l%fodkl% fo|ky;Lrjs ,o pjeksRd"kZrka izkIuksfr bfr losZ"kke~ vfi f'k{kkfonke~vfHkizk;%A rr% ,o lTturk nqtZurk p leqRiÂk HkofrA lEizfr Hkkjrh;ifjos'ks80 izfr'krknfèkdk% ckydk% lkaLÑfrdghurk&laosxkRed&vkfFkZdnkfjæ~;kfn&i"BHkwfed;k fo|ky;s izfo'kfUrA vL;keoLFkk;ka rs"kka ekufldnqcZyrkuka 'kksèkiwoZdars"kka O;fDrRofuèkkZj.kkFk± fofoèkfo|ky;h;O;oLFkk% rkn`'kk% mÙkeksÙkek% dYiuh;k%Hkos;q% ;su okLrfod% fodkl% lEHkkO;srA ,rnFk± gh dkys dkys Nk=kk.kkalrrewY;kÄïuizfØ;k vo';a pkyuh;k Hkosr~A ;rks fg ekè;fedLrjh;PNk=kk.kkaeuksoSKkfud% i{k% vfi fo|ky;su lg iw.kZr;k lEc¼% vfLrA vfLeu~ ,odkys fo|kfFkZO;fDrRoL; vlarqfyr% fodkl%] fuEuckSf¼drk&laosxkuka pizn'kZudkj.kkn~ la?k"kZfLFkfr%] volkn%] udkjkRedfpUruknhfu ekufldizo`Ùk;%tkx`rk% HkofUrA ;fn dkys dkys rs"kka eukso`Ùkhuka ewY;kÄïua fØ;rs rfgZ o;af'k{kkizfØ;k;kefi ,rnuqxq.ka ifjorZue~ vkusrqa 'kDuqe%A

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52 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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fo|ky;s lkekU;r;k lrrewY;kÄïuizfØ;kdkj.kkr~ fo|ky;ifjos'k%Nk=kthouL; Js"Brk;S egÙoHk`ra lkèkua HkofrA lekts fo|kyL; LFkku&egÙo&vko';drkuka u fo"k;s LokfHkizk;a izdV;u~ ,l~- ckyÑ".ktks'kho;Z% dFk;fr;r~ ¶dL;kfi jk"VªL; fodklL; izxrs'p fu.kZ;% foèkkulHkklq] U;k;ky;s"kq]m|ksxHkous"kq p u Hkofr vfirq fo|ky;s"kq Hkofr bfrA¸

fo|kysH;% bna egÙoiw.k± LFkkue~ vèkksfyf[krdkj.ksH;% iznÙkefLrµ

ñ vfHkHkkodkuka O;Lrrkdkj.kkr~ fo|ky;k% ,o Nk=kthouL; lEiw.kZefimÙkjnkf;Roa fuoZgfUrA

ñ fo|ky;k% lkaLÑfrd&bfrgklL; laj{k.ks gLrkarj.ks p lgk;dk%HkofUrA

ñ fo|ky;% ifjokjL; ckáthouL; p la;ksftdk dkfpr~ Ük`…yk orZrsA

ñ fo|kFkhZuka cgqeqf[kizfrHkk;k% fodklL; egÙoiw.k± lkèkua orZrs fo|ky;%A

v=ksne~ voèks;e~ ;r~ les"kkefi Nk=kk.kka O;ogkjs 'krizfr'kra ifjorZuku;uaizk;% vlEHkoeso HkofrA rFkkfi ;fn lrr:is.k ewY;kÄïua fØ;rs rnk o;a

Nk=kewY;kÄïuizfØ;k;ka fo|ky;h;ifjos'kL; izHkko% 53

vo';eso Nk=kL; O;ogkjs ifjorZua dfLeu~ fnf'k tk;ekuefLr bfr foKk;Nk=kO;fDrRofodkla lkèkf;rqa 'kDuq;keA

lkEizra fo|ky;s"kq fo'ofo|ky;s"kq Nk=kk.kke~ vèkhrfo"k;L; ewY;kÄïuaf}foèk:is.k fØ;rsA

1- vkUrfjda ewY;kÄïue~A

2- ckáewY;kÄïua pA

vkUrfjda ewY;kÄïue~µ

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ckáewY;kÄïue~µ

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oLrqr% ok×Nuh;xq.kkuka Nk=ks"kq lekos'k% ,o ewY;kÄïuinL; vFkZ% HkofrAvusu izdkjs.k Hksn};efèkÑR; ewY;kÄïua fØ;rs f'k{kk;ka orZekudkysA

54 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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vUrr'p bneso oDrqa 'kD;rs ;r~ f'k{kkFkhZuka O;fDrRofuekZ.keso Hkkjrh;&f'k{kk;k% ewyeqís';a orZrs ;rksfg f'k{kk ekuolH;rk;k% ,deko';de~ vÄxaorZrs] euq";s"kq p ekuoh;xq.kkuka fodkl% f'k{k;k ,o lEHkofr bfr rq fu'pizpesoAf'k{kk;ka dyk] foKkue~] okf.kT;sfr èkkjk=k;s efLr"dL; fodkla ÑRok rs"kkaLoPNOfDrRoL; fuekZ.keso vLekda f'k{kk;k% y{;a HkofrA f'k{kkizfØ;k;k%lkiQY;a rq fo|ky;h;ifjos'ks vkfJra orZrs fo|ky;s fg lEik|ekuklq fØ;klqewY;kÄïue~ vR;Ura egÙoiw.kZe~ vfLrA ;rks fg d'pu fo|ky;% d'puf'k{kdks ok ckydL; fodkllkèkus fd;fUer lkiQY;a izkIrokua bfr rq ewY;kÄïuesocksèk;fr liQyewY;kÄïua fg fo|ky;h;a ifjos'kekJ;rsA vr% ewY;kÄïus mÙke&ifjos'kL; egUegÙoa fl¼;frA

lUnHkZxzUFklwph

1- vyrsdj] vuUrlnkf'ko_ izkphu Hkkjrh; f'k{kk i¼fr%] uUnfd'kksjcznlZ] okjk.klh

2- vkuUn] ';ke_ f'k{kk'kkÏe~] midkjizdk'ku vkxjk 2002

3- vkgwtk vkj~_ fjlpZ eSFkM~l] U;w nsgyh] jkorifCy'klZ laLdj.kµ2001

4- ik.Ms;] vjfoUn oqQekj_ laLÑr f'k{kk dk fodkl] vkfnR; cqd ls.VjfnYyh] 2004

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¹ 55 º

dkO; dk lelkef;d 'kkL=k %vfHkuodkO;kyÄïkjlw=ke~

µvt; oqQekj feJk

jkf"Vª; laLÑr laLFkku]Hkksiky ifjlj] Hkksiky (e-iz-)

¹vkpk;Z&jk/koYyHk&f=kikfBfHk% fojfpr% vfHkuodkO;kyÄïkj&lw=kxzUFk% orZekule;L; vfrfof'k"V% dkO;xzUFk% orZrsA lkfgR;&'kkL=kn`"VÔk xzUFkks¿;a dhn`'k% egÙoiw.kZ% orZrs&bR;so 'kks/ys[kL;o.;Zfo"k;%A &laúº

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1- lEiw.kkZuUn&laLÑr- fo'ofo|ky;] okjk.klh] 2005

56 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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èoU;kyksd%] vkpk;Z vkuUnoèkZu

dkO; dk lelkef;d 'kkL=k % vfHkuodkO;kyÄïkjlw=ke~ 57

esa tks izLrqr jpuk osQ ekDlZoknh@okeiaFkh ljksdkjksa ls tksM+dj u ns[kus dh ckrmBk;h x;h gS] mldk cgqr cM+k dkj.k ;g Hkh ekuk tk ldrk gS fdekDlZoknh lekykspuk rks lekftd&,sfrgkfld ifjizs{; esa fy[kh tkrh gS]tcfd izLrqr vfHkuo dkO;'kkL=k rks jhMj vksfj;saVsM* (ikBdoknh) voèkkj.kkdh laiqf"V djrk gS] ;g rF; vyx gS fd lèks leh{kd vkpk;Z f=kikBh usvius vyadkj osQ 'kkL=kkL=k osQ mtZLoh ckSf¼drk ls 'kCnkFkZ osQ uoksUes"k'kkfyuhizfrHkk dh NVk ck¡èk nh gS vkSj HkrZgfj tks tkfr rFkk O;fDr esa Hksn djrk gqvktkfr ls mldk vFkZ yxkrs gq, lewg dh vewrZ iQyliQk ls yxk;k gS vkSjvkxs ekuk gS fd iwjs txr dk ;gh vkfèkHkkSfrd] vkfèknSfod rFkk vkè;kfRedHkko dk lesfdr dysoj ^tkfr* Hkh ekuk tk ldrk gSA ;gk¡ vkpk;Z f=kikBhth osQ vyadkjoknh 'kkL=kkFkZ dh ppkZ ij cy fn;k tkuk blfy, Hkh ”k:jhgS fd buosQ iwoZ osQ vyadkjoknh vkpk;ks± us vyadkj osQ cká lkSUn;Z ijdc[kku rks [kwc fd;k gSA ysfdu blosQ i;kZfIr rFkk okj.k xq.kksa dks loZizFke^vfHkuodkO;kyadkjlw=ke~* esa gh leqLFkkfir fd;k x;k gS ftls vyadkj 'kkL=kdks ysdj ,d cM+k gh nwjxkeh iSQlyk ekuk tkuk pkfg,A ftl izdkj jloknhvkpk;Z jl dks dkO; dk izk.k ekurs gSa] mlh izdkj vkpk;Z f=kikBh us vyadkjdks gh dkO; dk thou ekurs fy[krs gSaµ¶vyÄïkj% dkO;thoue~«2A1A1«vkfèkHkkSfrdkfèknSfodkè;kfRedfo'o=k;leqUehyuiqjLlja Hkw"k.kokj.ki;kZIR;kèkk;&dRoeyÄïkjRoe~¸«2A1A2« yCèkizfr"B dfo vkpk;Z f=kikBh us vius blvyadkjoknh voèkkj.kk esaµ¶vyÄïjksrhO;yÄïkj%] vyÄ~Ñfr'pkyÄïkj bfrfuoZpukn~ vya ok vja osR;qiine~ ÍxrkS èkkrksfuZ"iÂa xfra izfØ;ka ok O;ufDr¸dh viuh o`fÙk esa vejdks'kdkj osQ fglkc ls ^vye~* in dks Hkw"k.k] okj.krFkk i;kZfIr tSls rhuksa vFkks± esa ysdj Li"V fd;k gS fd dkO; rFkk dykvksaesa Hkw"k.k] okj.k rFkk i;kZfIr Øe'k% vkfèkHkkSfrd] vkfèknSfod rFkk vkè;kfRedLrj ij lapsruk osQ lalkj jprs gSa] ftl ijke'kZ :ih lapsruk dk lalkj miektSls vyadkjksa dks blosQ vkpk;ks± osQ }kjk blosQ vax¿xq.k] jhfr rFkk jl vkfnesa ryk'ks tk ldrs gSaA jpukdkj vius l`tu osQ dkO; 'kjhj esa viusvkfèkHkkSfrd dkO; 'kfDr ls ;ed dk rkuk ckuk cqurk gS] blesa vkf/ nSfoddkO; 'kfDr ls gku] miknku vFkkZr~ mfprkuqfpr dkO; iz;ksx dks ij[krk gSAblh rF; dks vkpk;Z okeu us Hkh vius ^dkO;kyÄïkjlw=kkf.k* esa ¶lnks"kxq.kkyÄïkjgkuknkukH;ke~«1A3«¸ osQ :i esa dgk gS vFkkZr~ ^l [kYoyÄïkjksnks"kgkun~ xq.kkyÄïkjknkukPp lEik|% dos%µ* og lkSUn;Z :i vyadkj nks"kksa osQifjR;kx vkSj xq.kksa ,oa vyadkjksa osQ miknku ls gksrk gSA vkSj mlosQ ckn dkO;

58 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

l`tu dh vkè;kfRed 'kfDr@izfrHkk osQ ekè;e ls mlesa lkSUn;Z dk ijefu[kkj f[ky mBrk gSA oLrqr% 'kkL=kdkj us vius bl uoksUes"k'kkfyuh fparu lsosn osQ bu rhuksa 'kfDr;ksa osQ ekè;e ls tks oSf'od lexzrk dh ckr dh gS]ml otg ls lkfgR; dk vyadkjoknh fl¼kUr dks u osQoy nk'kZfud rFkkrkfÙod f{kfrt feyk gS] vfirq czãk.Mh; iQyliQk osQ lcc ls ik'pkR;lkfgR; fpard yaqfl;u xksYMeku osQ lkfgfR;d lekt'kkL=kh; voèkkj.kk osQvkl ikl dk Hkh ekuk tk ldrk gSA bldk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh ekuk tk ldrkgS xksYMeku dk ekuuk gS fd iwjh nqfu;k dh euq"; tkfr dh laosnuk dekscs'k,d tSls gh gksrh gS vkSj ;gk¡ nqfu;k osQ lkfgR; dh fo'oèkfeZrkoknh ,sD; dklekt'kkL=k X+kkSjryc gSA vkpk;Z f=kikBh Hkh dkO;iz;kstu osQ fMLdkslZ esa viusvkyadfjd voèkkj.kk osQ blh oSfnd rhuksa 'kfDr;ksa osQ vkèkkj ij dgk gS fdlHkh osQ fy, nks twu dh jksVh] muosQ jgus dk leqfpr BkSj fBdkuk gh muosQfy, vkfèkHkkSfrd eqfDr gS vkSj lHkh [kq'kgky rFkk jkx&}s"k ls ijs jgsa] ;ghmuosQ fy,] vkfèknSfod eqfDr gSA lkFk gh lkFk vkRek esa Lo:i dk voLFkkugh okdbZ esa muosQ fy, vkè;kfRed eqfDr gSµ¶vkfèkHkkSfrdn`'kk losZ lqf[kuksHkoUrq] losZ yHkUrka 'kjhjiks"k.kkFk± lE;xÂikukfnde~] 'kjhjj{kk;S mfpra Hkouaoklkafl psfr vkfèkHkkSfrdh eqfDr%A izlknek;kUrq] fudyq"kkfu p HkofURofrvkfèknSfodh eqfDr%A¸ (vFk f}rh;ks¿è;k;%) ;g rF; vyx gS fd vkt tksikBdoknh (jhMj vksfja;sVsV) vkykspuk dh voèkkj.kk ik'pkR; ls ,d u;sfl¼kUr osQ :i esa mHkj dj lkeus vk;k gS ftlesa jpukdkj dh txgvkykspuk osQ izfofèk rFkk vFkZ oSfoè; dh ehekalk osQ lkFk ikBd dhlgHkkfxrk ij vfèkd cy fn;k x;k] mldk mithO; laLÑr osQ jloknhfparu esa lân; lkekftd fparu ls ekuk tkrk gSA ysfdu vkpk;Z f=kikBh usvyadkj dks lokZfèkd egÙo nsdj bl voèkkj.kk dks [kkfj”k djrs gSa rFkkdkO; osQ iz;kstu esa tks lân; lkekftd osQ fy, crkSj vfèkdkjh osQ :i esa'kkL=k Kku dh ckr mBk;h x;h gS] ml Kku osQ fcpkSfy, dks dksbZ egÙo ughansrs gSaA vFkkZr~ dkO; dk ys[ku dksbZ [k+kl i<+s&fy[ks oxZ osQ fy, ugha gksukpkfg,] cfYd bldk fj'rk tuekul osQ fy, gksuk pkfg,A ysfdu mUgksaus udkO; iz;kstu osQ lanHkZ esa izfr O;fDr (thoek=k) osQ fy, pkSrjisQ HkykbZ dhtks ckr mBk;h gS] mldk rkj xksYMeku osQ lkfgfR;d fo'oèkfeZrk ls FkksM+ktksM+us dk iz;kl blfy, gS fd ;g ik'pkR; fo}ku~ BsB ekDlZoknh ugha gSvfirq mlus lajpukokn dks vius LowQy osQ vU; fo}kuksa dh rjg ,d fljsls lhèkk udkj ugha nsrk gSA cfYd lajpukokn ls Hkh FkksM+k rkyesy cSBkus dh


dksf'k'k djrk gS D;ksafd lajpukokn lekt dh ladYiuk@voèkkj.kk laLÑfr osQO;kid rFkk cgqvk;keh vFkZ fy, gSa] tcfd ekDlZoknh iQyliQk esa O;f"VLokèkhu drkZ osQ :i esa viuk dksbZ lkeF;Z ugha j[krk gSA tcfd vkpk;Zf=kikBh th oSls dkO; ys[ku dks Js;Ldj ekurs gSa tks O;fDrxr ikBd@JksrkosQ fy, Hkw"k.k] okj.k rFkk i;kZfIr dk ekxZ iz'kLr dj nsA vr% ;g ”k:jh gSfd muosQ ygjh dkO;ksa osQ iqujkZfo"dj.k bl fygkt+ ls Hkh fd;k tk;AvU;Fkk] ,d Hkkjrh; ekufldrk osQ iz[kj&vkstLoh ys[kd&fpard dh jpukvksadks le>us&le>kus esa cgqr cM+h Hkwy djsaxsA mlh izdkj vkpk;Z f=kikBh }kjkukVd esa nq";Ur tSls oqQyhu ik=k dh txg eYykg@ukfod osQ }kjk^vfHkKku'kkoqQUry* ukVd osQ v¡xwBh dh ?kVuk dks :ikf;r fd;k tkuk HkhdkO; iz;kstu esa lekt dh eq[; èkkjk ls vyx&Fkyx iM+s oxZ dks viuslkfgR; osQ ekè;e ls eq[; èkkjk esa ykus dk lkFkZd iz;kl Hkh Hkw"k.k] oj.k rFkki;kZfIr dks lanfHkZr djrk gSA vr% dkO;dkj f=kikBh th us dkO; rFkkdkO;'kkL=k ehekalk n'kZu dks osn osQ oSf'od vk;ke ls xqafÝiQr dj mls tgk¡'kk'or cuk;k gS] ogha vius foospu Øe dks ledkyhu ;qx èkeZ ls tksM+djlelkekf;d Hkh cuk;k gSA vr% bl iQyliQk dks eksuksVksul ugha fd;k tkldrk gSA vkSj Vh- ,l- bfy,V vius ,d vfr egÙoiw.kZ ys[k ^VsªfM'ku ,aMeksMZuhVh*] ftldk ftØ vkpk;Z f=kikBh th us viuh fdrkc û;k lkfgR;u;k lkfgR;'kkL=k* (jktdey izdk'ku izk-fy- fnYyh 2012 bZ-) esa fd;k gSmlesa bfy,V lkI+kQ rkSj ij fy[krk gS fd ys[kd tkus&vutkus vius vrhr]orZeku ;k Hkfo"; osQ n'kZu&fparu ls t+:j izHkkfor gksrk gS vkSj vkpk;Zf=kikBh blosQ viokn ugha ekus tk ldrsA D;ksafd muosQ fparu osQ oSQuoklij oSf'od ckSf¼drk dk cM+k gh cgqvk;keh f{kfrt >ydrk gS tks pedveweu laLÑr dh nqfu;k osQ vkdk'k esa vc FkksM+k ?kwlj lk yxus yxk gSAizLrqr dkO; 'kkL=k xzaFk esa vkH;UrjkyÄïkj fu:i.k osQ Øe esa tks buosQ izdkjksaesa izsek] vkÈkn%] fo"kknue~] foHkhf"kdk] O;Ä~;e~] dkSrqde~] ftthfo"kk] vagdkjLe`fr (Lej.k)] lk{; rFkk mnkÙk dh O;k[;k izLrqr dh xbZ gS] oLrqr% ogvyadkj dh jpuk izfØ;k dk ,d uohu rFkk euksoSKkfud fo'ys"k.k ekuktkuk pkfg,A mlh izdkj ckgÔkyÄïkjfu:i.k osQ Øe osQ vU;Fkkdj.ke~] Nk;k]tkfr] vfr'k;] fojksèk] vlaxfr] miek] :id] mRizs{kk] nhid] ped] 'ys"krFkk y; vkfn osQ :i esa vyadkj osQ ,DlVjuy lkSUn;hZdj.k osQ vk;ke dktks rkuk ckuk&cquk gS] leh{kk osQ vfHkuo bUlVª°esaVy fe”kk”k dk tk;tkvkpk;Z f=kikBh th tSls lèks lgdkjh fopkjd gh dj ldrs gSaA bldk rkfÙod

60 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

fo'ys"k.k mudh iwoksZDr fdrkc ¶u;k lkfgR; u;k lkfgR;'kkL=k¸ esa cMs+xaHkhj :i esa i<+k tk ldrk gSA oLrqr% vyadkj flI+kZQ lkSUn;Z osQ vkèkk;drÙo gh ugha gSa] vfirq lkSUn;Z'kkL=k osQ fudVre ijr rd igq¡pus dk ,dèkkjnkj VwYl Hkh gksrs gSA okdbZ esa vkpk;Z f=kikBh th vyadkj osQ tks ikjaifjdek;us gSa] mlosQ vFkZ dks gh cny fn;k gSA muosQ fglkc ls ¶lkfgR; esavlaxfr vyadkj euq"; osQ pfjr dk fo'ys"k.k djus dh ,d izfofèk Hkh gSA¸(¶u;k lkfgR; u;k lkfgR;'kkL=k¸] i`"B 16)A mlh izdkj viÉqfr okLrfodrkdh igpku osQ fy, fd;k x;k fu"ksèk gSA (ogh] i`"B 28)A vkpk;Z f=kikBh usbl rF; ij Hkh vk'p;Z trkrs dgk gS fd vIi; nhf{kr] iafMrjkt] fpajtho]HkV~V nso'kadj] fo'os'oj vkSj JhÑ".k czãrU=k ljhosQ vkpk;ks± us fcuk dksbZjn~nkscny dj tl osQ rl ,d gh ifjHkk"kk fo"kknu osQ ckjs esa nh gSA mlvyadkj esa osnuk] Vhl vkSj dpksV dh izèkkurk gksrh gSA bl fygk”k ls mUgksaus^j?kqoa'k* (dkfynkl) ^g"kZpfjr* (ck.kHkV~V) vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd ^MkW- ftokxks*(cksfjl ikLrjukd) fo"kknu dk ,d l'kDr felky ekuk tk ldrk gSA ^MkW-ftokxks* esa ykjk uke dh ,d LowQyh Nk=kk vius firk osQ cjkcj meznjktvkneh dksekjksOLdh osQ lkFk ekaly vkuaan dh vis{kk esaVy ,xksuh ls vfèkdxqtjrh gSA ,sls rks vkpk;Z f=kikBh dh ^lq'khyk* ukfVdk L=kh foe'kZ dh utfj;sls iksLVeksMZfuLV fparu dk ,d u;k njoktk [kksyrk ekywe iM+rh gS] ysfdufo"kknu vyadkj dh n`f"V ledkyhu laLÑr ys[ku esa laHkor% lokZfèkddpksV rFkk d#.kk dFkk dks fcfEcr djrk gSA mls 'koqQUryk (dkfynkl) dhvis{kk 'kkjhfjd] ekufld rFkk HkkoukRed vk?kkr dk izgkj vfèkd lgukiM+rk gSA vr% vyadkj osQ vkH;Urj Lo:i dks 'kkL=kdkj us ftl lw{esf{kdkrFkk dkO; osQ vUr% lkSUn;Z (;gk¡ lkSUn;Z dk lacaèk xgure~ laosnukRed@HkkoukRedxgjkbZ osQ lacaèk esa fy;k tkuk pkfg,) dks rÙo Li'khZ :i esa eqdfyr fd;kgSA bl otg ls mUgksaus vyadkj 'kkL=k leh{kk dk rdktk gh cny fn;k vkSjmlls 'kkL=k leh{kk osQ u;s okrk;u Hkh [kqyrs gSaA mldk cgqr cM+k dkj.ki;kZfIr vFkkZr~ vkè;kRe osQ yksd rÙoh; rCljk dk gksuk gSA mUgksaus mQij^viÉqfr* dks okLrfodrk dh igpku rFkk vlaxfr dks euq"; osQ pfjrfo'ys"k.k osQ vkS”kkj osQ :i esa tks ckr dh gS] og oLrqr% fdlh osQ O;fDrÙoosQ cká fØ;k& dykiksa dks lkfgR; osQ ekè;e ls ij[kus dh ckr rks gS] lkFkgh lkFk ges ;g Hkh ugha Hkwyuk pkfg, fd vkpk;Z izoj us vkH;Urj vyadkjtks fdlh osQ O;fDrRo osQ vUr% i{kksa dks vk¡dus dk vPNk iQkewZyk gks ldrkgSA okdbZ esa og dkO;@dkO;'kkL=k vfHktkR;h; ekufldrk osQ n'kZfud


fl¼kar@dlkSVh ls f[kldrk gqvk yksdksUeq[kh i`"VHkwfe ij leqiLFkkfir gksrkfn[krk gS tks oLrqr% oj.k rFkk Hkw"k.k osQ dkO; NÂki=k ls Nurk gqvk yksdtU; gks tkrk gSA fojksèk vyadkj oLrqr% lkfgR; vkSj bfrgkl osQ chp Hkh ,dutnhdh fj'rk ryk'k djrk u”kj vkrk gSA p£pr 'kkL=kdkj f=kikBh us blvyadkj osQ gokys ÍXosn osQ ^fdro lwDr* dk ftØ djrs fy[kk gS fd blesafojksèk vyadkj Hkjk ijk gSA vkpk;Z f=kikBh th mlosQ fy, ÍXosn* (10@359)osQ ml ea=k dk Hkh ftØ djrs gSa ftlesa fy[kk x;k gS fd tc tqvkjh tqvk[ksyrk gS rks mldk iklk dHkh uhps rks dHkh mQij mNyrs gSaA deky dh ckrgS] bl ikls osQ ikl viuk dksbZ gkFk ugha gksrk] fiQj Hkh tqvkjh dks gh [ksrvkuk iM+rk gSA mldh ped rks fnO; gSa] ysfdu ygdrs vkx dh yiVksa dhrjg ?kksj lUrki osQ dkj.k cuus gSaA ;g iklk Nwus esa rks 'khry gksus osQokotwn] tqvkjh dk vUr% dj.k dkI+kQh Hk;Hkhr jgrk gS vkSj [+krjk cuh jgrhgS ekr gksus dhµ¶uhpk orZUrs mifj LiqQjUR;gLrklks gLroUra lgUrs A (10@359)A'kkL=kdkj }kjk fojksèk vyadkj dk rkj lhèks ÍXosn ls tksM+dj iqu% blsHkoHkwfr osQ ^mÙkjjkepfjr* tSls ykSfdd laLÑr esa oklUrh }kjk jke dh dBksjHkRlZuk ls ykdj tksM+ nsuk ftlesa oklUrh dgrh gSµgs dBksj! rqEgsa ;'k I;kjkgS] ,slh izflf¼ gS] fdUrq blls cM+k ?kksj vi;'k D;k gks ldrk gS\ taxy esae`xu;uh lhrk dk D;k gqvk\ gs ukFk! dfg,] [ksn gS oSQlk le>rs gS\ okLroesa ,slh Üka[kfyr vyadkjoknh fparu dkO;'kkL=k osQ ewy Hkkjrh;rk dks ,d u;s<ax ls mUesf"kr djrk gSA X+kkSjryc gS fd vke rkSj ij tks Hkh vyadkjoknhvkpk;Z gSa] fo'ks"kdj ledkyhu 'kkL=kkdkj vius 'kkL=kijd fparu dks leqiLFkkfirdj mls viuh jpukvksa osQ ekè;e ls gh mUehfyr djus dk iz;kl djrs gSa]ftldk ifj.kke ;g fudyrk gS fd muosQ 'kkL=k leh{kk osQ izlax esa muosQiwoZorhZ&ledkyhu vkSj vPNs u”khj ikBdksa rd ugha igq¡p ikrs gSaA ysfduvkpk;Z f=kikBh dks bl n`f"V ls iwjk dk iwjk vyx ugha ekuk tk ldrk D;ksafdmUgksaus Hkh fNV&iqV <ax ls vius 'kkL=k fparu osQ izlax esa viuh jpukvksa dkmnkgj.k fn;k gSA ysfdu è;ku jgs budh 'kkL=k psruk oSf'od vk;ke dksvUosf"kr djus dk lkFkZd iz;kl djrk gSA iQyr% os viuh gh jpukvksa osQpDdj esa vU; ledkyhu 'kkL=kdkjksa dh rjg ugha i¡Qlrs gSaA lkekU;r%lkEizfrd laLÑr uD+o+Qkn muosQ vyadkj tU; voèkkj.kk esa i;kZfIr ftldkfj'rk osn osQ f=kdkykRed Kku dh rhljh dM+h vkè;kfRed Hkko dk [kwcvyki yxkrs gSaA ysfdu è;ku jgs fd vkpk;Z jk?kkoYyHk f=kikBh us vyadkjdks dkO; dk loZizèkku thou nk;d rÙo osQ :i esa tks LFkkiuk dh gS mlls

62 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

u osQoy vyadkj'kkL=k dks fiQj ls lqLFkkfir djus esa nk'kZfud vkSj rkfÙodvkèkkj feyk ftldh dM+h osn ls ysdj lelkef;d oSf'od vnch okrk;uls Hkh tqM+rk gSA bl fygkt ls tgk¡ ^MkW- f'kdkxks* dk izlax Hkh egÙoiw.kZ gSogha lkfgR; leh{kk (laLÑr) tks ewyr% jl@Nan vkfn Hkkoksa ls tdM+k Fkk]mldh txg izèkku :i ls vyadkj osQ tfj, fyVjsjh ØhfVfLk”e dkslkekftd&jktuSfrd&lkaLÑfrd vkèkkj] ftlosQ osQUæ esa euq"; gh ugha vfirqizkf.k ek=k dks Hkh vk¡dus dk Hkwjiwj Lisl fn;k x;k rFkk laLÑr osQvyadkjoknh vkpk;Z tks vyadkjksa dh la[;k esa mÙkjksÙkj rk¡rk yxkrs gq,lkfgR;@dkO; ij ikf.MR; izn'kZu osQ vius pks[ks jax jksxu esa yxs jgs] mlizn'kZu osQ Hkkoksa lkjxfHkZr dj 'kkL=k O;k[;k dk ,d u;k mUes"k fn;kAvyadkj tks 'kjhj osQ cká vkHkw"k.k rd gh lhfer Fkk] mls blosQ vykokvkH;UrjkyÄïkj dk rxek iguk dj jl dh rjg gh dkO; osQ vUr lkSUn;ZHkko vkSj bldk Hkh è;ku jgs fd jloknh vkpk;Z tgk¡ jl dks cã rks ughavfirq czã ln`'k ekul@vkfRed vkuan ij ckSf¼drk dk ysi p<+k dj jhMjvksfja;VsV jlkuqHkfr izfØ;k dks oxZ fo'ks"k dks egÙo fn;k x;kA ogha vkpk;Zf=kikBh us vyadkj dh lÙkk LFkkfir dj ikBd rFkk dkO;kuan dh [kkbZ dksHkjus dh ”k:j dksf'k'k dh gS vkSj vyadkj osQ vkH;Urj Lo:i osQ ekè;els dkO; rÙo osQ vUr%lk{; osQ lekt'kkL=k dks u;s <ax ls foosfpr djus dkiz;kl fd;k gSA bldk dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd vkpk;Z izoj us vius dkO;iz;kstu osQ izlax esa dgrs gSa fdµ¶dkO;kuqHkwrkS rq eqDrsjuqHko% izR;{k ,olpsrlke~A dkO;a jpf;Rok dosjfi eqfDr%] Hkkof;Rok p lân;L;k¿fiA vr%,oksDre~&izekrk dfo% lân;'p¸ vFkkZr~ dkO;kuqHkwfr esa tks lân;ksa dks crkSjfcYoqQy lhèks :i esa (izR;{kr%) eqfDr dk ,glkl gksrk gS vkSj l`tuèkfeZrkls jpukdkj dks lhèkk eqfDr dk vuqHko gksrk gSA blfy, dk;ns ls jpukdkjrFkk lân; lekftd nksuksa gh vius vius Lrj ij izekrk gksus dk go+Qnkj gksrkgSA vr% ;gk¡ ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd mnwZ rFkk Hkkjrh; lkfgR; osQ tkus ekusuDO+kQkn izks- xksihpUn ukjax jhMj vksfj;aVsM ik'pkR; leh{kk osQ fl¼kUr dkmRl Hkkjrh; izkP; dkO;'kkL=k esa vUosf"kr djrs fn[krs gSa] ml iQyliQk dksizkP; dkO;'kkL=k dh vis{kk vkpk;Z f=kikBh osQ dfo&lân; lkekftdksa esavfèkd rÙo Li"V fn[krs gSa D;ksafd leh{kk dk ;g ik'pkR; ikBdoknh LowQyjpuk izfØ;k esa ikBd dh fo'ks"k ekStwnxh osQ lkFk ys[kd dh lÙkk osQjpukèkfeZrk osQ vfèkdkj dh O;k[;k dh pqukSrh nsrk gSA vkpk;Z f=kikBh us Hkhjpuk izfØ;k rFkk jpukdkj osQ chp ikBd@lân; lkekftd dks cjkcjh dk


fgLlk fn;k gSA vkSj Hkkjrh; iajijk esa dkO; osQ iz;kstuksa esa ,d ;'k dh ckrdh xbZ gS blesa ;gh ;'k oLrqr% eqfDr gS D;ksafd îq#"kkFkZ prq"VÔ* esa izFkerhu dh lefUor rFkk vafre thou y{; eks{k rks gh gSA ysfdu loky ;gmBrk gS fd vkpk;Z f=kikBh th osQ bl dkO; iz;kstu esa eks{k dh voèkkj.kkosQ okdbZ esa ek;us D;k gSa\ mudh og eqfDr dh voèkkj.kk eks{k ugha D;ksafdmUgksaus lkI+kQ dgk gS fd l`f"V osQ =kSfoè; dh n`f"V ls ;g êqfDr* Hkh rhuizdkj dh gksrh gSA vkSj vkRek esa Lo:i dk voLFkkiu gh vkè;kfRed eqfDrgSA ;gk¡ voLFkkiu@voLFkku tks vkRek dh mikfèk Hksn osQ dkj.k vusdRo dkiks"kd gksrk gS] vU;Fkk vkRek rks ,d gh gS tSlh O;k[;k Hkh bldh rLrhddjrk gS fd vkpk;Z f=kikBh us vius dkO;&rÙo osQ lkSUn;Z'kkL=k esa ;wfuVh buMkbiZjlhVh osQ fparu ls O;fDr ;k lekt fo'ks"k ugha vfirq izkf.kek=k@psru dheqfDr dh ckr mBkrs gSaµ¶vkRefu Lo:ikoLFkkua p vkè;kfRedh eqfDr%A¸(^dkO;iz;kstufu:i.ke~*] f}rh; vè;k;)A vr% dkO;'kkL=k fparu dhLFkkiuk esa 'kkL=kdkj }kjk dkO; iz;kstu esa êqfDr* dk lef"Vxr lgdkjh Hkkofuf'pr :i ls Hkkjrh; okÄ~e; esa eks{k dh voèkkj.kk dks lkfgfR;d i`"BHkwfeesa ,d u;k vankt nsrk gS tks vius Hkko esa laLÑr 'kkL=k osQ lekt'kkL=kh;Hkwfedk dk ,d moZj Hkwfe dk l`tu djrk gSA ;gk¡ dkO;'kkL=k osQ lekt'kkL=kdk ftØ djuk dksbZ vfr'k;ksfDr ugha ekuk tkuk pkfg, D;ksafd dkO;dkjdkO; iz;kstu osQ lUnHkZ esa vkpk;Z f=kikBh us Lo;a fy[kk ¶vkfèkHkkSfrdn`'kklosZ lqf[kuks HkoUrq] losZ yHkUrka 'kjhjiks"k.kkFk± lE;xUuikukfnde~] 'kjhjj{kh;smfpra Hkoua oklkafl psfr vkfèkHkkSfrdh eqfDr%A izlknek;kUrq] fudyq"kkfu pvkfèknSfodh eqfDr%A vkRefu Lo:ikoLFkkua p vkè;kfRedh eqfDr%A ,"kkf=kfoèkk¿fi eqfDr% dkO;su lkfgR;lkèku;k ok yH;k«¸

ysfdu vkpk;Z f=kikBh us NBs vè;k; esa ^'kkL=klÄõfrfu:i.ke~* esajkt'ks[kj osQ 'kkL=kdfo] dkO; dfo vkSj mHk; dfoHksn esa dfo;ksa osQ tks rhuizdkj crk, gSa] ml ij vkifÙk trkbZ gS] mls vkèkk lp gh ekuk tkuk pkfg,AmuosQ fglkc ls tks 'kkL=k dh jpuk djrk gS mls gh 'kkL=kdkj dgk tkukpkfg,µ¶;% 'kkL=ka foèkÙks rL; 'kkL=kdkj bR;so laKk U;kÕ;k] u dkfifjfrA¸;gk¡ iz'u mBrk gS fd igys dkO; ;k 'kkL=kA ik'pkR; lekykspd nsfjnk rksleh{kk dks Hkh ewy ikB dk n”kkZ nsrk gSA laHkor% ;gh dkj.k gS fd Hkkjrh;ijaijk esa Vhdk rFkk Vhdkdkj dks Hkh cM+k xkSjoiw.kZ LFkku jgk gS vkSj oqQN usewy ikBksa dk tks ekSfyd vFkkZuqlaèkku fd;k] oqQN ekeys esa ewy ls Hkh chlfudyk vkSj oqQN nqyZHk@vizkI; ewy ikB dh lkexzh rks mUgha Vhdkdkjksa osQ

64 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

dkj.k oqQN va'k esa miyC/ gks ikrh gSaA mlh izdkj laLÑr okÄ~e; esamiU;kldkj] dfo] ukVddkj ;k egkdkO;dkj osQ fy, tks ^dfo* 'kCn dklkfgR; txr esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS mlosQ ewy esa 'kkL=kdkjksa dh vkf[kj D;kvoèkkj.kk jgh gSA oqQN ,sls lelkef;d iz'u gSa ftudk tokc izLrqregÙoiw.kZ 'kkL=kxzaFk [kkstrk gSA ;g lp gS fd 'kkL=kdkj jpuk ugha djrk]cfYd jpukvksa osQ vkèkkj ij mudh fo'ks"krkvksa osQ vkyksd esa 'kkL=k osQlafoèkku dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA vr% 'kkL=kdfo rFkk dkO;dfo osQ iQklys dks,d fljs ls u”kj vank”k Hkh ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS D;ksafd vkpk;Zjk?kkoYyHk f=kikBh th vius ikajifjd rFkk uo 'kSyh@fcEc dks viuh jpukvksaesa 'kkL=k dks lekfo"V djrs gSa rFkk ^vfHkuodkO;kyÄïkjlw=ke~* fy[k dj 'kkL=kjpuk djrs gSa tks vius vki esa ,d fo+QLe dh ekSfyd jpuk ekuh tk ldrhgS vkSj nsfjnk us tks lekykspuk@leh{kk dks ewy jpuk dh rjg ekurk gS] mlutfj, ls Hkh izLrqr 'kkL=k jpuk egÙoiw.kZ ekuk tk ldrk gSA izLrqr 'kkL=kxzUFkosQ jpukdkj okdbZ esa dkO; dfo rFkk 'kkL=kdfo nksuksa dh Js.kh esa lekn`r gSaAvkSj bldk Hkh è;ku jgs fd izLrqr 'kkL=k xzUFk esa tks dgk x;k gSA fd¶dfoLrq dkO;a oqQ;kZnso] -----A* esa ;g Hkko dnkfi ugha gS fd tks dfo@jpukdkjgksrk gS&og jpuk fy[krk gh jgrk gS] egkdfo okYehfd flI+kZQ mithO; dkO;jkek;.k gh fy[kdj dkyt;h gks x;sA xqysjh th dh jpuk ^mlus dgk Fkk*ek=k ls lkfgR; dh nqfu;k esa ukephu gSaA gk¡] ;gk¡ fy[krs jgus dk rkRi;Z ;gHkh yxkuk pkfg, fd tks dfo 'kkL=k dh dlkSVh ij fy[krk gS] rRdkyhuvnch fcjknjh esa mldh izfr"Bk oqQN vfèkd curh gSA vr% 'kkL=k dh j{kkrFkk dkO; dh fujUrj Jho`f¼ dkO; laink dks iq"dy cukrk gSA vr% nksuksaizdkj osQ jpukdkjksa dk viuk&viuk egÙo gksrk gSA egkizk.k lw;ZdkUrf=kikBh^fujkyk* dh pfpZr jpuk ôqQoqQjeqÙkk* cPpwyky voLFkh osQ ^mywdyfire~*rFkk olUr=;Ecd 'ksoM+s dh ^xnZHkk[;ku* dk eqvk,uk foMEcu dh rhuksa 'kSyhij izLrqr fd;k tkuk Hkh bl leh{kk osQ ekè;e ls 'kkL=k osQ vk;ke cgqeq[khrFkk v|ru gksrk gSA

iwoZ esa tks laLÑr iajijk esa laLÑr osQ vyx&vyx foèkkvksa dks ysdjvkerkSj ij ^dfo* 'kCn osQ iz;ksx dks ysdj vkpk;Z f=kikBh us viusjpukizfØ;kfo"k;s¿fHkjkter[k.Mue~ esa ^vfHkjkt* jktsUæ feJ osQ er ¶dkO;Lor% LiwQrZ HkkoksPNyu¸ vFkkZr~ dkO; dk l`tu Lor% LiwQrZ rFkk yksdksÙkj gksusdh otg ls Lor% l`ftr gksrk gS ls viuh vlgefr trkrs dgk fd uSlfxZddeZ fcuk y{; osQ gksrs gSaA ;Fkk xaqtu osQ fcuk HkkSajs mM+us esa dke;kc ugha


gks ldrk gSA ysfdu X+kkSjryc gS fd vkpk;Z feJ dk ;g er dkO; l`tu esadHkh&dHkh ”k:j ykxw gksrk gS D;ksafd og Hkko fdlh xgu l`tu dhijkdk"Bk dh gksrh gSA mithO; dkO; ^jkek;.k* dh rjg cgqr gh de fdlhdfo ys[kd osQ thou esa vkrk gSA rHkh rks fdlh ,d jpukdkj dh dbZjpukvksa esa bDosQ&nqDosQ jpuk gh dkyt;h gks ikrh gSA vU;Fkk] laLÑr esayEcs&yEcs egkdkO; rFkk miU;kl vkfn osQ ys[ku esa dHkh&dHkh rks cM+s yEcsle; yx tkrs gSaA vkokjk elhgk* rFkk lsosaQM lsDl* dks fy[kus esa dbZ lkyyxs gSaA ck.kHkV~V dh ^dknEcjh* osQ mÙkjk¼Z dk muosQ bardky osQ ckn muosQiq=k }kjk fy[kk tkuk Hkh bl rdZ osQ fy, ek;us gSaA vkSj izLrqr vkys[k esa^dfo* vkSj fo|k dks ysdj tks loky mBk;s x;s gSa] mldk tokc vkpk;Zf=kikBh th osQ bl izlax ls Hkh feyrk gS fd dkO; in ls flI+kZQ vFkkZr~ dforkosQ okÄ~e; dk gh vFkZ ugha gS] vfirq bldk fj'rk x|kRed dFkk ;kvk[;kf;dk ljhosQ ls Hkh gksrk gSµ ¶dkO;insu u osQoya iÁc¼e~ vkèkqfuoSQ%dforsfr O;ifn';ekua okÄ~e;e~] vfirq x|kReda dFkk[;kf;dkfnda loZesok¿=kx`ghre~«¸ è;krO; gS fd vkpk;Z f=kikBh us ,vkbZvkj Hkksiky vkdk'kok.kh(14 tuojh] 2017) osQ esjs lkFk vius yEcs lk{kkRdkj esa bl rF; dk ftØfd;k gS fd fy;ks VkWYlVkW; vius pfpZr miU;kl ôkj ,saM ihl* dks viusiQkbZuy Vp nsus osQ iwoZ bldk chl ckj jhjkbV fd;k FkkA oqQN lky igysvu:f¼ jk; dks ftl fdrkc ij eSxlslj vokMZ feyk gS mldks Hkh mlusrdjhcu ipkl ckj fy[kk ij mldks iqLrdkdkj dk tkek igukus esaA vr%vkpk;Z ^vfHkjkt* th dk ^dkO; Lor% LiwQrZ HkkoksPNyu* oLrqr% jloknhvkpk;Z gksus osQ ukWLVkWfYtd ,izkst dh laiqf"V djrk gS vkSj bl izdkj bl ;qxosQ tkus&ekus nks oSf'od laLÑr vkbdu dk vius&vius vyadkjoknh rFkkjloknh [+ksek osQ ljksdkj j[kus dh otg ls lS¼kafrd VdjkgV dk gksukykf”keh gSA laLÑr dh ;gha iwoZ&mÙkj rdZ gh lefUor ijaijk bldhjpuk@fparu èkkjk dks ges'kk iz{kkfyr dj rajxkf;r cuk;s j[kk gSA ;gk¡ ;g HkhlkiQ dj nsuk pkfg, fd vkpk;Z feJ us vius pfpZr dkO;'kkL=k xzUFk^vfHkjkt;'kksHkw"k.ke~* esa tks vkpk;Z f=kikBh th osQ dkO; fo"k;d eqfDr dhvoèkkj.kk&êqfDrLrL; iz;kstue~*«1-2-1« ij vk{ksi djrs fy[kk gS fd eqfDrrks e`R;q osQ ckn izkIr gksus okyk vkuan gS] mudh ;g voèkkj.kk Hkh jloknhfoospu osQ mRlkg dk ifj.kke gS D;ksafd vkpk;Z f=kikBh us iBu] Jo.k ;kjax izs{k.k ls tks izekrk dfo dk lân; lkekftd esa tks pSrU; dk foLiQkjugksrk gS] ogh eks{k gS vkSj dkO; osQ bl eks{kRo osQ yksdoknh voèkkj.kk

66 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

lkfgR; dks n'kZfudrk osQ pkd&fpD; dh ixMaMh ls vyx dj tuksUeq[khcukrk gS ftlesa ikBd@izs{kd dks n'kZu osQ fopkSfy, osQ iaQns ls fudky djmlosQ ekul Je osQ LokrU=; osQ Hkkoksa dh Hkh liqaf"V djrk gSA X+kkSjryc gSfd Hkkjrh; ijaijk esa ;kLd rFkk vkSnqacjk;.k bl rF; dk laosQr nsrs gSa fdokD; Jksrk@ikBd@izs{kd osQ ekul iVy esa igys ls gh viuk vfLrRo cuk;sj[krk gS] mlh ckr dks vkt pkWELdh vius lkeF;Z&fl¼kUr vkSj crkSj okD;osQ iwoZ eu esa mHkjs vglkl tgk¡ vkil esa esy [kkrk u”kj vkrk gS] oghavkpk;Z f=kikBh th osQ dkO; fo"k;d voèkkj.kk esa ikBd@Jksrk ;k izs{kd dksLFkku nsus dk ek;us gSa D;ksafd ikBd vius blh ekufld vFkZ xzg.k dh {kerkosQ cy ij crkSj izekrk osQ :i esa vius dÙkZO; ,oa vfèkdkj osQ mÙkjnkf;Roksadk fuokZg djrk gSA bl otg ls ^vfHkuodkO;kyÄïkjlw=ke~* viuh lkfgR;leh{kk osQ osQUæ esa euq";@izk.khek=k dks j[k dj laLÑr dkO; rFkk dkO;'kkL=kij lfn;ksa ls pys vk jgs mPpoxhZ; vk{ksi dks Hkh vikÑr djrk fn[krk gSAmÙkj vkèkqfudkoknh (iksLV&eksMZfuLV) ekurs gSa fd VsDLV u [kqnc[kqn vkxsc<+rk gS vkSj u gh vius vki esa Lora=k gS (bUMhisaMsaM)A vr% ;g ekuukX+kyr gksxk fd vFkZ dk iSQlyk VsDLV djrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS VsDLV ,d lao`ÙklPpkbZ gS vkSj og ikBd (lân; lkekftd@ izs{kd) gh gS tks ikB dks okdbZesa ^mifLFkfr* cukrk gS tks i<+r&izfØ;k osQ vuqlkj gksrk gSA bldk eryc;g gqvk fd vkykspuk i<+r dk gh esVkiQksj gksrk gSA vr% vkpk;Z f=kikBh usdkO;&eqfDr izlax esa ikBd dks jpukdkj dh rjg gh izekrk dk n”kkZ fn;kgS] mlosQ ;qxhu egÙo gSa tks vius iwoZ esa la;ksftr ekufld lapsruk osQvkèkkj ij ewy VsDLV esa lfÂfgr vFkkZuqlaèkku djrk gSA vkSj mldh ;gh iBr(jhMjf'ki) dh Hkkxhnkjh mldh vkuan:ih eqfDr dj njok”kk [kksyrk gSA vkSjpw¡fd Hkk"kk oSpkfjd&lkekftd lsVvi gS vkSj ;g vius lekt vkSj laLÑfrosQ ekxZn'kZu esa lapkfyr gksrh gS rFkk tks vius vki esa lekt osQ ekWMy dkfgLlk gksrk gSA vr% laLÑr dkO;'kkL=k dh ehekalk iajijk esa jpukdkj osQ lkFkikBd dh vgfe;r bldh ijaijk esa ,d ekuh[ks”k gLr{ksi ekuk tkuk pkfg,AiksLV eksMZfuLV dk ekuuk fd dksbZ jpukdkj viuh Ñfr dk vafre fu.kkZ;dugha ekuk tk ldrk gS rks ,slh fLFkfr esa Hkh vkpk;Z f=kikBh dk ikBd ewyddkO; eqfDr rFkk jpukdkj osQ lkFk eqfDr egksRlo esa Hkkxhnkjh dh ckrlaLÑr leh{kk dks Hkh m"ek iznku djrh gSA mÙkj&vkèkqfudrkoknh osQ ikB osQ'kCn dh ^vkfj"Vªh* ijgst fd;k tk; rks blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd ikB osQcgqvk;keh vFkkZUos"k.k dh [kqyh NwV ewy ikB dh thoarrk cuk;s j[kus esa


egÙiw.kZ Hkwfedk dk fuokZg fd;k gS] ;g laLÑr ys[ku&ikBu foe'kZ esauoksUes"k'kkfyuh Vhdkdkjksa dh Hkwfedk jgh gS] og okdbZ esa jpuk (ewy ikB)rFkk ikBd dk vkUrfjd lkeatL; ls fudyk vFkZ gh fdlh dkO; dksmÙkjksÙkj yksdfiz; rFkk dkytf; cukrk gSA vr% laLÑr dkO;&n'kZu osQjloknh ijaijk esa lân; lkekftd osQ fy, tks izfrHkk laiÂ gksus osQ fy,egÙoiw.kZ vgZrk dh ckr mBk;h x;h gS] mldk rkj Kku osQ vkèkkj ij eqfDrdk eqík Hkh gks ldrk gSA vU;Fkk] blh eqfDr osQ fy, VsDLV dk iBu djrkgS] og lân; lkekftdA ysfdu ;gk¡ fiQj Hkh bldk è;ku jgs fd tgk¡jloknh lân; lkekftd dks Kku osQ vkèkkj ij vke ikBd@Jksrk@n'kZd osQfy, Kku :ih ;ksX;rk dk ,d ydhj [khap dj vke ikBd@izs{kd dks nks;entkZ dk djkj djuk pkgrs gSa] ogha vkpk;Z f=kikBh vius vkfèkHkkSfrd]vkfèknSfod rFkk vkè;kfRed f=kxq.kkRed oSfnd&fo'o esa izR;sd euq";@thoek=kdh lq[k] 'kkafr] veu&pSu rFkk mldh O;fDrxr i;kZfIr muosQ vyadkjoknhfparu dh ewy voèkkj.kk gSA gk¡] ;g ckr ”k:j gS fd vkpk;Z Hkjreqfu us oqQNmi:idksa osQ ekè;e ls ikej laLÑfr (>qXxh&>ksiM+h laLÑfr) dk Hkh dkI+kQhè;ku j[kk gSA ysfdu ;g Hkh ugha Hkwyuk pkfg, fd ,sls yksd rÙoksa ls tqM+hjpukvksa dks laLÑr dh nqfu;k osQ izJ; ugha fey ldus osQ dkj.k laLÑr dhdkO;'kkL=kh; leh{kk dh psruk dks Cyw CyMsM* ekufldrk Bhd ls iQyus&iwQyusugha fn;kA okdbZ esa ;g oSfnd f=kHkkokukRed oSf'od lapsruk dk vkSnkR;vkSj mRd"kZ tgk¡ Hkkjrh; dkO; fparu dks f=kdkycksèkkRed cukrk gS oghadkO; osQ 'kkL=kh; ewY;kadu esa fc[kM+h jpukvksa ;k vks>y Ñfr;ksa dks viusu”khj osQ ekè;e ls laLÑr 'kkL=k leh{kk ijaijk dks izkphure ls vkèkqfudredM+h rd tksM+us dk cM+k gh iz'kaluh; iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA lkFk gh lkFk bl'kkL=k xzUFk esa laLÑr X+k”ky] js[kkfp=k] vkRedFkk] thoupfjr] fucaèk] leL;ktSlh foèkkvksa osQ uokpkj dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkuk] bl rF; dh iqf"V djrkgS fd tgk¡ Xykscykb”ks'ku osQ bl ?kkrd nkSj esa Hkk"kk lheV jgh gSa] oghlaLÑr ys[ku dh foèkkvksa esa rCnhyh rFkk btkI+kQk Hkh gks jgh gSA vr% 'ksYMkWuikWyksd tSlk ik'pkR; fo}ku vius pqfuans felky ls laLÑr dks ^MsM ySaXost*djkj djuk pkgrk gS] mldks blls eq¡g rksM+ Hkh tokc feyrk gSA X+k”kyxhfrppkZ izlax esa dkO;'kkL=kdkj }kjk eryk] feljk] jnhiQ] dkfiQ;k] eDrk tSlh'kCnkoyh dh laLÑr Hkk"kk esa mEnk dkfjdk rFkk ^LoksiKdkfjdko`fÙk* Vhdk lslkexzh dh izLrqfr lkfgR; osQ tkus&ekus laLÑrsrj jpukdkjksa dks laLÑrHkk"kkrFkk mlosQ lkfgR; dks ysdj mudh vk¡[ks [kksy ldrh gSA vfHkuodkO;kyÄïkj*

68 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

lw=kdkj dk ekuuk fd ,d gh dfo viuh izfrHkk oSfoè; (tks fujUrj ek¡tstkus ls vkrh gS) dks viuh vyx&vyx jpuk dks fofHkÂ :i esa fy[ks tkusosQ dkj.k ;k;kojh;] lkjLor] vkH;kfld rFkk vkSinsf'kd :i esa ikBdlekt osQ lkeus mHkj dj vkrs gSaA bl izlax esa os dkfynkl dh jpuk Lrcd^Írqlagkj*] ôqQekjlaHko* (es?knwr Hkh) rFkk ^j?kqoa'k* (^vfHkKku'kkoqQUry*Hkh) dks Øe'k% vkH;kfld lkèkd rFkk fl¼ dfo dh jpuk ekurs gSaA rks D;k;g eku fy;k tk; fd vkpk;Z eEeV ftl vH;kl dh ckr djrs gSa mlosQcy ij flI+kZQ vkH;kfld dfo osQ n”kkZ okyk dfo viuh [;kfr ik ldrkgS] vFkok blosQ vfrfjDr bu nksuksa esa dkO; ys[ku vH;kl (ikSu% iqU;su)vH;kl gh fujarj mls fu[kkjrs gq, lkèkd ;k fl¼ dfo dh Js.kh esa yk [kM+kdjrk gS] rks dfo osQ bl rhu izdkj dk oxhZdj.k dgk¡ rd mfpr gS\ ;gvkifÙk Bhd mlh izdkj yxrh gS tSls vkpk;Z f=kikBh us vkSinsf'kd dfo dhJs.kh dks udkjrs gSa D;ksafd muosQ fglkc ls fcuk fdlh mins'k osQ HkhdkO;&l`tu gksrs gSaA bl vkys[k esa tks :lh jpukdkj yqbZ VkWYlV~ok; osQ ôkj,aM ihl* dks chlksa ckj tks fy[kus dh ckr mBk;h xbZ gS] rks og D;kvius&vius dkO; lkS"BRo osQ lanHkks± esa fl¼ jpuk&^j?kqoa'k* ;k vfHkKku'kkoqQUry*dh Js.kh esa ugha ekuh tk ldrh gS\ ;g lp gS tUetkr dfo rks fojys ghgksrs gSa] vkH;kfld dfo vke rkSj ij og Hkh vkt osQ nkSj esa] viuk ukedek ldrs gSaA ;gk¡ vH;kl flI+kZQ dkO; fy[kus osQ flyflys dk iz;kl ghugha ekuk tkuk pkfg, vfirq fdrkcksa dks Nikus vkSj cktkj esa [kikus dkO;olkf;d vH;kl dh Hkh [kwc vkSj vko';d tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,] vU;Fkkizdk'kd ys[kd@jpukdkj osQ ewyikB dks dC”kk esa ysdj mudks pwuk yxkrsjgrs gSaA ;g rF; vyx gS fd vkpk;Z f=kikBh dkfynkl osQ ^j?kqoa'k* (2-3)osQ gokys ¶eUn% dfo;'k% izkFkhZ xfe";kE;qigkL;rke~A¸ dkO; l`tu osQedln dks lksgjr cVksjus osQ izfr mnklhurk dh ckrsa djrs fy[krs gSaa fdegkdfo dhfrZ dh ykyp dks rkd ij j[k dj vius dkO; l`tu esa yxs jgrsgSaµ¶egkdo;Lrq dhfrZizyksHkua ifjâR;So dkO;jpuk;ka izorZUrs A ml er lsvkpk;Z ^vfHkjkt* jktsUæ feJ viuh lgefr osQ :i esa bÙkiQkd j[krs gSaµ¶uèkuk; u iq.;k; O;ogkjk; ukfi ok@u p l|% lq[kkFkkZ; dkO;a fuekZR;;adfo%¸ (^vfHkjkt;'kksHkw"k.k*] i`- 28)A feJ th osQ fglkc ls rks&^l|%ijfuoZZfr* osQ fy, Hkh ugha fy[krk gS dfo cfYd mldk fy[kuk LokHkkfoddeZ gS] rks D;k ;g eku fy;k tk; fd thou ;kiu osQ fy, èku dk dksbZvkSfpR; ugha] vFkok Kku rks Hkkjrh; iajijk esa eks{k dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ lksiku


jgk gS] mlls dfo dk dksbZ fj'rk ugha\ Hkkjro"kZ osQ deZ izèkku lekt esa iki;k iq.; dk dksbZ ek;uk ugha] D;k Hkkjrh; lkfgR; ys[ku dk fe”kk”k viuhvfLrdoknh ekufldrk ls f[kld dj ukfLrdokn dh vksj c<+ jgk gS\ D;kjpukdkj] fo'ks"k dj laLÑr lkfgR; ls tqM+s ys[kdksa us vius dkWih jkbV osQekeys ls dksbZ okLrk ugha j[kuk pkgrs gSaA oLrqr% vkpk;Z ^vfHkjkt* feJ thosQ bl dFku esa rdZ dh dlkSVh esa mtkl FkksM+k ean fn[krk gS] oLrqr% vktosQ lanHkZ esa ;s lHkh ckrs tks dfo dk lgt deZ gS vkSj mls LokHkkfod deks±ls vyx dj eqvk;uk fd;k tkuk laLÑr lkfgR; vkSj mldh leh{kk ijaijkdks lelkekf;d oSf'od fparu ls vyx&Fkyx djuk gSA ;|fi ;qok unh".kdfo&leh{kd izoh.k i.M~;k us vius xzaFk vfHkjkt;'kksHkw"k.ke~ % lleh{keèkhfr%*(2014 bZ-) esa bl rF; ij ”k:j izdk'k Mkyk gS fd vkèkqfud laLÑr osQ'kkL=kdkjksa esa iz;kstu ewyd leh{kk esa jsok izlkn f}osnh] jk?kkoYyHk f=kikBhrFkk jglfcgkjh us lkFkZd iz;kl fd;k gSA ysfdu MkW- izoh.k i.M~;k tSls lèksr:.k leh{kd ls vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd 'kkL=k osQ ikjaifjd lapsruk osQ lkFkmuosQ iQyliQk dk rgO+kQhO+kQkr ledkyhu ;qxcksèk osQ lanHkZ esa Hkh FkksM+k vk¡dktk;A laLÑr Hkk"kk osQ vkstLoh ikjaifjd èkkjk osQ leh{kd vkpk;Z jekdkUrik.Ms; }kjk ^vfHkuodkO;kyÄïkjlw=ke~* dk laLÑr ls fganh Hkk"kk esa rtqZek dkvkxk”k laLÑr Hkk"kk osQ vkèkqfud dkO;'kkL=k xzUFkksa dks ikBdh;rk dh n`f"V lscgqvk;keh rFkk yksdfiz; laLdj.k cukus osQ utfj;s ls ekuh[ks”k dksf'k'k ekuhtk ldrh gSA

MkW- ,u- flag viuh fdrkc ¶nfyr lkfgR; osQ izfreku¸ (2014bZ-) esa 'kj.k oqQekj fyEckys osQ gokys bl rF; ij cy nsrs fy[krs gSa fd¶njvly] lR;a f'koe~ rFkk lqUnje~ dh èkkj.kk rks lo.kZ lekt osQ LokFkZlkèku osQ fy, jph x;h lkf”k'k gSA bldh O;k[;k cnyus dh ”k:jr gSA mUgsavfèkd ,sfgd vkSj lkekftd djus dh vko';drk gSA¸ (i`"B 286) dklanHkZ vkpk;Z f=kikBh th osQ y{k.kkoknh vkyadkjoknh voèkkj.kk dks laiq"Vdjrk gS D;ksafd mudk i;kZfIr dk iQyliQk euq";@ tho ek=k osQ oSf'oddY;k.k dk |ksrd gSA ^vfHkuodkO;kyÄïkj lw=ke~* osQ 'kkL=k ykfyR; dksle>us&le>kus osQ eeZ dks le>us osQ fy, 08ok¡ ^fueZy Le`fr O;k[;kuekyk* (03 vizSy 2013] bafM;k baVjus'kuy vkWfMVksfj;e] fnYyh) esa pfpZrfganh dfo rFkk leh{kd MkW- v'kksd cktis;h us Lokxr Hkk"k.k lekjksg osQeq[;oDrk osQ :i esa vkpk;Z jk?kkoYyHk f=kikBh th osQ fo"k; esa mn~xkjvfHkO;Dr fd;k Fkk fd ¶os laLÑr oSnq"; izn'kZu dh txg@vkSj vius bl

70 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

oSnq"; osQ iz;ksx dks vkèkqfudrk osQ js'kksa dks le>us@le>kus esa yxkrs gSaA¸ vkSjokdbZ esa mudk ;g vuwBk lelkef;d dkO; 'kkL=k dfo lekykspd oktis;hth osQ bl dFku dk ToyUr mnkgj.k gSA

vkpk;Z jk/koYyHk f=kikBh us lgh ekuk gS fd uoksUes"k'kkfyuh rFkkrjksrktk miek vkfn vyadkjksa ls gh jpuk esa okLrfod rk”kxh vkrh gSA ;grF; vyx gS fd dfo vkt Hkh lkSUn;Z c[+kku osQ fy, pUæek dh rqyukdjrs gSa] ftl rqyuk esa dkO; l`tu dh n`f"V ls vyadkj dh ekSfydrk dnkfipeRÑr ugha gks ldrh gSA vUrr% ;g u”khj eksuksVksul gh ekuk tk,xkA vr%mEnk vnc osQ ys[ku osQ fy, vfHkuo esVkiQksj osQ lk¡ps ij v|ru Hkkoksa osQbUæ/uq"k cukus osQ gsrq ledkyhu Hkkoksa dh js[kk,¡ [khapuh gh iM+saxh] rHkhdkO; dkO; gksxkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd jpukdkjksa us vyadkjksa osQ l`tu dk rk¡rkyxk fn;k gSA

ggg

¹ 71 º

fof'k"Vk}SrosnkUrn'kZus vUr%dj.kL; Hkwfedk&eksuw nsoh

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eu ,o euq";k.kka dkj.ka cUèkeks{k;ks%AcUèkk; fo"k;klÄõks eqDR;S fufoZ"k;a eu%1«

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72 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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vfuPNÂI;soa ;fn iqufjrhPNfÂo jtl~&re'NÂ'NÁLrqfropuHkÄõhejp;e~A

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1- vfHkjkt;'kksHkw"k.ke~@fufeZfrrÙoksUes"k%@115&119


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nh?kZdFkkµ

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feJegksn;su vfXuiqjk.kkr~ dFkkfudkHksna èoU;kyksdkPp ldydFkk[k.M&dFkkHksns LohÑR; vkèkqfudx|dkO;Hksnk% O;ofLFkrk%A miU;kl% dFkk[;kf;d;ks%feJHksn% LohÑr%A

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lejkÄõ.klw=kk[;s xzUFks Hkkjrh;k ;U=kdyk&MkW- 'kfDr'kj.k'kekZ

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lejkÄõ.klw=kk[;s xzUFks Hkkjrh;k ;U=kdyk 101

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1- lejkÄõ.klw=kèkkj%] prqFkZiVys 49-32- lejkÄõ.klw=kèkkj%] prqFkZiVys 49-43- ;tq- 35-84- ckS-JkS-lw- 30-125- 'kriFkczkã.ke~ 6-2-1-9

102 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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1- v-os- 6-67-22- v-os- 3-1-63- v-os-3-154- ½- 2-33-145- v-os- 5-6-9


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112 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

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o`¼RokLrf'k'kqRo bT;flr;ks% U;wukf/ekls rFkk«2

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1- eqgwÙkZfpUrkef.k% ih;w"k/kjk 1-482- eqgwÙkZfpUrkef.k% 1-473- eqgwÙkZfpUrkef.k% 5-27


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ggg

1- c`gn~ nSoKjatue~ 30-23

¹ 114 º

Botany in the Mahabharata

Dr. Rajkumari Trikha

Retired faculty, Delhi University

¹izLrqrs 'kks/i=ks ysf[kd;k ouLifrfoKkuL; ewyrÙoa egkHkkjrs¿fiorZrs bfr fofo/ksnkgj.kS% izLrqre~A veh% ouLir;% dFke~vkgkja x`ÊfUr bR;kfnfo"k;k% fo'ysf"krk% lfUrA &laúº

Since the beginning of human life on earth, man has been very

much fond of nature in all forms, e.g. trees, flowers, rivers, mountains,

birds animals etc. He watched them eagerly, enjoyed their beauty,

and loved them earnestly. He even respected, and adored them like

gods. By close contact with them, he discovered their utility for

human life. His observations revealed various varieties of trees,

creepers, and other types of greenery on the earth. He also came to

know the therapeutical uses of the plants. His investigations developed

more and more, and thus a new branch of knowledge, named Botany,

called Vrikshayurveda in ancient literature, developed. Our

enlightened Rishis noticed the form or features of plants, e.g. their

roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds and fruits as well as their internal

contituents This type of study is called external and internal

Morphology in modern Botanical studies. Vrikshayurveda describes,

identifies and classifies the plants on the basis of their similarities

and characteristics. This type of study is called Taxonomy or

systematic botany in the modern botanical science. The elements of

Applied/Economic Botany are also seen in ancient literature.

We find knowledge of all these branches of Botany in sanskrit

literature. The Brihadaranyakopanishad 3.9.28. compares human body

with trees. It says' man is like plants. Man has hair on body (ykse)and plants have leaves. He has skin, and plants have outer skin

(mRikfVdk). Man has blood and plants have sap in them. Human

beings have flesh and plants have internal layer of skin. Human body

has nerves and plants have fibrous tissues. The bones of human

Sa¨sk¼ta-VimarÄaš -2019 (Vol. 13-14) ISSN : 0975-1769

Botany in the Mahabharata 115

body correspond to wood of plants and bone marrow in man

corresponds to pith of plants1. Here we find internal and external

morphology of plants is very well illustrated. This also proves the

advanced knowledge of botany in ancient India.

The scattered references to vast treasure of books on botany

are found in Sanskrit literature. Due to foreign invasions, this valuable

literature was destroyed, which described methods to take care of

plants, by providing them suitable soil and fertilizers. The books of

Vrikshayurveda even prescribed some herbs, to cure the diseases of

plants and trees, says the Mahabharata.

Now-a-days no complete book is available on this valuable

branch of learning. Some portions of a book named "Vrikshayurveda"

by unknown writer is available in Adyar Library, Madras. A book

titled Vishwavallabha dealing with treatment of diseases of trees and

plants is available in Jodhpur Library. The other two books named

Vrikshayurveda by Surpal and Parashara are not available in India.

But glimpses of fully developed science of botany can be seen in the

scattered references to plant life in Sanskrit literature. Here I shall

focus mainly on The Mahabharata, which refers to all the branches

of modern botany.

The Mahabharata puts trees, plants, shrubs, grass etc. in the

category of Trina2. The society of those days was aware of the

utility of trees and plants. Although there is no reference of trees as

source of emanating oxygen or as means to stop soil erosion, but

advice for tree plantation is rigorously repeated. Tree plantation was

considered a holy work (punya karma). Bhishma pitamaha exalts

1- ;Fkk o`{kks ouLifrLrFkSo iq#"kks¿e`"kkArL; yksekfu i.kkZfu RoxL;ksRikfVdk cfg%«Rop ,okL; #f/ja izL;fUn Rop mRiV%ArLekÙknkr`..kkr~ iSzfr jlks o`{kkfnokgrkr~«ekalkU;L; 'kdjkf.k] fdukVa Luko rfRLFkje~AvLFkhU;Urjrks nk:f.k eTtk eTtksiek Ñrk« c`gnkj.;dksifu"kn~ 3-9-28- laJhjke 'kekZ vkpk;Z] 'kkfUroqQ×t] gfj}kj% 2000

2- mf‰tk% LFkkfojk% izksDrkLrs"kka i×pSo tkr;%Ao`{kxqYeyrkoYy;LRoDlkjkLr`.ktkr;%« Hkh"e ioZ 4-1-4- egkHkkjre~ xhrkizsl]xksj[kiqj] foØeh la 2044&46

116 laLÑr foe'kZ%

trees and compares them to worthy sons. He says, "full grown,

flowering and fruitful trees are like worthy sons, who make man

happy and support him (sower)". So one should always dig a pond

and plant trees on its bank and protect them after tree plantation, as

one looks after one's own sons1. If some disease attacks them, then

they should be cured by medicated water or smoke. They should be

watered regularly and required manure should be given to them. The

trees, plants and creepers are immovable and so the general notion

is that they are not sensient beings, and do not have life force. But

ancient Indian wisdom recognized the presence of consciousness

(Prana) in trees and plants, long back. The manusmriti says "they are

overwhelmed with tamoguna due to their karmas of previous birth,

but they have consciousness in them and feel joy and happiness2."

The Mahabharata has very strong and detailed discussion, proving

life in the trees. It says trees are created with five elements (iapHkwr)like human beings. They have five sense organs, which correspond

to these elements, like humans, and do various activities with their

help. They are born, they grow and die like other living beings.

They also suffer from diseases and treatment is given to them by

suitable medicines mixed in water. Then they are cured and become

healthy. Bhishma pitamaha further continues and says, the trees and

plants express their sorrow and joy like human beings. They express

their happiness by shaking their leave and enhanced shine. When

they are frightened or unhappy, they shed their leaves3.

Here arises a curiosity.

Apparently the trees appear to be devoid of sense organs and

consciousness/prana, because their eyes, nose etc., are not visible.

Moreover the pancha bhutas are also not visible in their body, as

1- iqf"irk% iQyoUr'p riZ;Urhg ekuoku~Ao`{kna iq=kor~ o`{kkLrkj;fUr ij=k rq«rLekÙkM+kxs ln~o`{kk% jksI;k% Js;ks¿fFkZuk lnkAiq=kor~ ifjikY;k'p iq=kkLrs /eZr% le`rk%« r=kSo] vuq'kklu ioZ 58-30&31-

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3- 'kkfUr ioZ 284-6&9 r=kSo


they are in human beings. Then Bhishma quotes sage Bhrigu,

"although the trees appear to be solid, still they have ether in them.

That is why they flower and yield fruits. Their leaves, flowers and

skin fade away due presence of fire in them. The fire also ripens

their fruits. It shows that trees feel cold and heat. The sense of

touch is not possible without skin. They can hear sounds and

respond to them. They shed their leaves, flowers and fruits after

listening to harsh sounds e.g. thunder, strong wind. The act of hearing

is possible only by ears. This proves that trees have auditory organs.

It is proved by experiments that they bloom happily, if sweet music

is played near them. But their leaves become pale or darkened by

harsh sounds. That is why we see the plants on busy crossroads

listen to harsh and loud sounds of traffic horns and their leaves

become dark. The creepers surround the trees and climb to their

tops. How do they see their route to top. Obviously, no one can

see without eyes. This proves that plants have eyes also. When the

plants are in the grip of some disease, then they are given medicated

smoke or medicine-mixed water. By the treatment, they become free

of their disease and grow rapidly. This is the proof that trees have

capability to smell and have olfactory organ (nasika). The trees

drink water through their roots and this shows they have tongue

(rasanendriya)1."

The Mahabharata also discusses how the trees make their

1- ?kukukefi o`{kk.kkekdk'kks¿fLr u la'k;%Ars"kka iq"iiQyO;fDrfuZR;a leqii|rs«mQ"erks Eyk;rs i.k± Rod~ iQya iq"ieso pAEyk;rs 'kh;Zrs pkfi Li'kZLrsuk=k fo|rs«okÕoXu'kfufu?kksZ"kS% iQya iq"ia fo'kh;ZrsAJks=ks.k x`árs 'kCnLrLekPN`.ofUr iknik%«oYyh os"V;rs o`{ka loZr'pSo xPNfrAu án`"Vs'p ekxksZ¿fLr rLekr~ i';fUr iknik%«iq.;kiq.;SLrFkk xU/S/wZiS'p fofo/SjfiAvjksxk% iqf"irk% lfUr rLekfTt?kzfUr iknik%«iknS% lfyyikukPp O;k/huka pkfi n'kZukr~AO;kf/izfrfØ;RokPp fo|rs jlua æqes« 'kkfUrioZ- 18-10&15 r=kSo

118 laLÑr foe'kZ%

food i.e. the process of photosynthesis. It says ,the trees take the

water through their roots,and it is digested by fire and air within

them. When the food is absorbed, then their leaves shine and they

grow rapidly. If some of their part is cut , new sprouts grow. This

proves they have life within them1. Here it is notable that "The

Mahabharata opines that water reaches the leaves of plants."

This fact is now accepted by scientists recently. Previously it was

believed that that water, given in the roots of plants, remains there

only. But now the scientists have proved that water, given in the roots

of plants, travels through its trunk, branches and ultimately reaches

the leaves. The phenomenon of water of roots of trees reaching

leaves is very well explained in The Mahabharata and deserves

the credit of recognizing this latest discovery of scientists long

back, before modern scientists discovered it.

The plants have discriminatory capability too. When they

face shortage of water in the soil (as in desserts), more heat and less

humidity in the environment, then they start withering, leading to

their death. Then they close the small holes of their leaves

(scientifically called stomata), preserve their water and thus save

their life2. The modern science also says that plants have intelligence.

The experiments of Suzen Dudley of Maxmaster University of

Toronto, reveal that plants can differntiate plants of their species and

of other species. If plants of two different species are planted together,

both of them compete to grab more water and nutrients. But if plants

of same species are put together, they give full space to each other

to grow3.

1- oD=ks.kksRiukysu ;Fkksèo± tyeknnsr~ArFkk ioula;qDr% iknS% ficfr ikni%«lq[knq%[k;ks'p xzg.kkfPNÂL; p fojksg.kkr~Athoa i';kfe o`{kk.kkepSrU;a u fo|rs«rsu rTtyeknÙka tj;fRxzek#rkSAvkgkjifjek.kkekPp Lusgks o`f¼'p tk;rs« 'kkfUr ioZ 18- 16&18 r=kSo

2- Mac Graw Hill Cancise Encyclopedia Of Science and technol-

ogy. Ed. Sybil Parkar U.S.A 1984, page 1305.

3- æ"VO;] 25 twu 2007 osQ ^fgUnqLrku* nSfud lekpkj i=k osQ i`"B 10 ijNik ys[k ¶ikS/s Hkh tkurs gSa vius ijk;s dk vUrj¸A


In modern times the notion of plants having life and

consciousness was established by Dr. Jagdish Chandra Bose in

19th century. He discovered their response to environment and proved

his findings with scientific instruments, cresograph and resonate

recorder. As discussed earlier, our ancient literature has ample

references showing life and consciousness in the trees and plants.

The stray references to Applied Botany or Economic Botany

are also found in Sanskrit literature, which deals with benefits of

plants. The peepal tree is scientifically proved to give oxygen day

and night, which is essential for living beings. So this tree is highly

adored in our literature. Shrimadbhagavadgita says o{kk.kke'oRFkks¿fLe.

It is called another form of Vishnu , which sustains all beings1. So

its planting is said to be a holy work (punya karma). Its cutting is

strictly prohibited. Similarly, the Shami tree is described as containing

agni in it.2 We all know that we get fire by rubbing shami sticks with

each other.

Thus we see that knowledge of botany was very much

advanced in the times of The Mahabharata. Indian botanical views

are now endorsed by Dr. J. C. Bose and another Indian scientist

Sohini Chakravarti at Birmingham University, New York. This scholar

has studied 2000 plants for three years and has concluded that plants

have memory. They flower, and give fruits at a fixed time every year.

She says plants seem to contain a protein called prayans like human

beings, which is closely related to increase in memory. That is why

plants can differentiate and behave differently in cold and hot weather3.

Thus The Mahabharata has valuable scientific information about

plants. It is rightly called Fifth Veda.

ggg

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Nik ys[k ¶ikS/ksa esa Hkh Lej.k 'kfDr¸A

¹ 120 º

eè;edkO;L; lhek HksnksiHksnk'p&MkW- vuhrk 'kekZ

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r=k L;kfnrjkÄõa dkDokf{kIra p okP;fl¼ÔÄõe~A4

lafnXèkizkèkkU;a rqY;izkèkkU;eLiqQVexw<e~AO;ÄõÔelqUnjesoa HksnkLrL;ksfnrk v"VkSAA

,rs Hksnk% fo'oukFksu of.kZrk%A brjkÄõa r=k Hkofr ;=k O;ÄõÔa brjL;jlkns% okD;kFkZL; ok vÄõe~ Hkofr jlkfn% vuqj.ku:ia ok HkofrA dkd~okf{kIrarr~ Hkofr ;r~ dkoqQo'kkr~ >fVfr okP;or~ izrh;ekue~ HkofrA okP;L;kUo;cksèkchtaokP;fl¼ÔÄõa rr~ Hkofr ;r~ vkikrr% izrhrL; okP;L; izfrlaèkkukuqifÙkfujklde~vfLrA ;r~ lân;S% >fVfr vizrh;ekue~ Hkofr rr~ vLiqQVa dF;rsA vxw<aLiiqQVe~ okP;k;ekue~ Hkofr vlân;Sjfi os|e~ HkofrA rkn`'ka okP;k;ekur;ku rFkk peRdjksfr ;Fkk dkfeuhoqQpdy'kon~xw<+e~A mDra rr~ µ

ukUèkzhi;ksèkj bokfrrjka izdk'kks5

uks xqtZjhLru bokfrrjka fuxw<%A

1- èoU;kyksd% 3@42- èoU;kyksd% 1@43- èoU;kyksd% 1@134- lkfgR;niZ.ks 4@145- dkO;izdk'k i×pe mYykl


vFkksZ fxjkefifgr% fifgr'pdf'pr~ lkSHkkX;esfr ejgV~VoèkwoqQpkHk%AA

,oafofèkuk vusu dkfeuhoqQpdy'kU;k;su rnso O;ÄõÔa èofuRoeqi;kfr;r~ lân;Sdos|e~ HkofrA mHk;e~&lân;Sjfi nq%[klaos|e~ vlân;Sjfi os|e~pµxq.khHkwrO;ÄõÔeso eUrO;e~A vU;s"kq Hksns"kq vfi vuqHko ,o lk{kh vfLrAvlqUnja rr~ ;r~ peRdkjkizR;klUue~ HkofrA rL; xq.khHkwrO;ÄõÔL; Hksnku~mnkgjfr lkfgR;niZ.kdkj% fo'oukFk%A jlknsjÄõa jlkfnO;ÄõÔa jlkÄõe~ mnkgjfrµ

v;a l jluksRd"khZ ihuLrufoenZu%A1

ukH;w#t?kuLi'khZ uhohfoÏalu% dj%AA

v=k ÜkÄõkjL; d#.kkÄõRoa orZrsA ,"kke~ v"Vkuka xq.khHkwrO;ÄõÔkuka /ofuHksnor~vusosQ Hksnk% HkofUr bRFka eEeV% izfrikn;fr µ

(67) ,"kka Hksnk% ;Fkk;ksX;a osfnrO;k'p iwoZor~AA 46AA ;Fkk;ksxfefrµ

O;T;Urs oLrqek=ks.k ;nk¿yÄ~Ñr;LrnkA èkzqoa èoU;Äõrk rklka dkO;o`Ùks&LrnkJ;kr~ bfr&èofudkjksDrfn'kk oLrqek=ks.k ;=kkyÄïkj% O;T;rs r=k xq.khHkwrO;ÄõRoe~Aµ (dkO;izdk'k% i×peksmYykl%)

,oa xq.khHkwrO;ÄõÔdkO;L; vusosQ Hksnk% of.kZrk% eEeVsuA

xq.khHkwrO;ÄõÔL; èous'p ijLijlafeJs.k vusdHksnizHksnk% HkofUr&bfrizfrikfnre~ eEeVsu (68) lkyÄïkjSèoZusLrS'p ;ksx% lalf"VlÄïjS%A lkyÄïkjSfjfrArSjsokyÄïjS% vyaÄïkj;qDrS'p rS%A rnqDra èofuÑrkµ

lxq.khHkwrO;ÄõÔ% lkyÄïjS% lg izHksnS% LoS%AlÄïjlal`f"VH;ka iqujI;qn~|ksrrs cgqèkkAA bfr

(69) vU;ksU;;ksxknsoa L;kn~ Hksnla[;k¿frHkw;lhAA 'kq¼k èofuxq.khHkwr&O;ÄõÔHksnk% ltkrh;fotkrh;okP;kyÄ~ÑfrfHk% 'kq¼ltkrh;fotkrh;lÄïh.kZlal"Vk%psR;kuUR;e~A vusu izdkjs.k vokUrjHksnx.kus rq izHkwrrjk x.kuk HkofrA

xq.khHkwrO;ÄõÔdkO;eso eè;edkO;e~A mi;qZDrfoospusu Li"Vfena ;r~eè;edkO;L; cgo% HksnksiHksnk% of.kZrk% dkO;izdk'kdkjeEeVsu] lkfgR;niZ.kdkj&fo'oukFksu èoU;kyksddkjkuUnoèkZusu pA rs"kka HksnksiHksnx.kuk eè;edkO;L;O;kidRoa] oS'k|a fofoèkrka p Li"VhdjksfrA /ofudkjkuUno/ZuL; n`f"V%èofujgL;L; Lo:iksUehyus ,o fueXuk fdUrq eEeVsu èous% xq.khHkwrO;ÄõÔL;

1- lkfgR;niZ.k% 4@14

128 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

HksnizHksnkuka x.kuk Ñrk rs"kka vkuUR;e~ mn~?kksf"kre~A èofudkjs.k rq osQoyalaosQfrre~µ

^rL; p èous% LoizHksnS% xq.khHkwrO;ÄõÔsu okP;kyÄïkjS'p ladjlal`f"V&O;oLFkk;ka fØ;ek.kk;ka cgqizHksnrk y{;s n`';rs----*1

èoU;kyksdykspudkjs.k vfHkuoxqIrsu Li"V:is.k izfrikfnre~ µßLoHksnSxqZ.khHkwrO;ÄõÔsukyadkjS% izdk';r bfr =k;ks Hksnk%A r=kkfi izR;sda ladjs.klal"V~;k psfr "kV~A ladjL;kfi =k;% izdkjk% µ vuqxzkákuqxzkgdHkkosu] lUnsgkLin&RosuSdinkuqizos'ksusfr }kn'kHksnk%A iwo± p ;s i×pf=ka'kn~ Hksnk% mDrkLrs xq.khHkwr&O;ÄõÔL;kfi eUrO;k%A ------¸2

dkO;izdk'kL; O;k[;kdkj% lqèkklkxjdkj% eEeVL; vfrHkw;lh Hksnla[;k*bfr info"k;s fu:i;fr µ

'kq¼S% lgSdi×pk'kn~HksnS% Hksnk ;Fkk èous%AlÄïh.kkZ fg lek[;krk% 'kjs"kq;qx[ksUno% (10455)

'kq¼S% 'kj;qxO;DrS% lgk=kfi rFkk cqèkS%xq.khHkwrO;ÄõÔHksnk ck.kkEcqèkhUnzxtks% (8145) Le`rk%

eè;eksÙke;ksjsoa Hksn;ks% xq.kus iqu%AHkwrk'okÄïs"kq'kjHkck.kLrEcsjek erk% (85155975)AA

vU;s O;k[;kdkjk% vfi Hksnla[;kx.kuka izfr LokfHkera iznf'kZroUr%A

ggg

1- èoU;kyksd% 3@432- èoU;kyksd% 3@43

¹ 129 º

lUns'k dkO;ksa dk iszjd Hkkxor iqjk.kdfork pkSjfl;k

'kks/ Nk=kk] jkf"Vª; laLÑr laLFkkuxÄõkukFk >k ifjlj] bykgkckn

¹v"Vkn'kiqjk.kkUrxZrs Hkkxoriqjk.ks lUns'kdkO;ksRifÙkÏksrl% fooj.kaorZrsA lans'kdkO;kuka Ïksr% dFka fo|rs bfr 'kks/i=ks¿fLeu~ izkLrkSr~A&laúº

laLÑr~ okÄ~e; esa îqjk.k lkfgR;* dks oSfnd lkfgR; ,oa ykSfddlkfgR; dh eè;orhZ dM+h osQ :i esa Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA iqjk.k laLÑrlkfgR; osQ egÙoiw.kZ vax rFkk mithO; jgs gSaA buesa Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ,oaizkphu ijEijkvksa dk jkspd o.kZu feyrk gSA

O;kdj.k O;qRifÙk osQ vuqlkj îqjk.k* dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ îqjkHkoa iqjk.ke~*vFkkZr~ îqjkuh ?kVuk,a* gSA iqjkHkoe~ bl foxzg esa iqjk vO;; ls ^Hko* bl vFkZesa VÔq izR;; djus ls îqjk.k* 'kCn fu"iÂ gksrk gSA bl O;qRifÙk ls ;g Li"Vgksrk gS fd vR;Ur izkphu dky esa tks oqQN gqvk mls iqjk.k dgrs gSaA

iqjk.k osQ lEcU/ esa fu#Drdkj ;kLd dk dFku gS&îqjk.ka dLekr~*\îqjk uoa Hkofr*A vFkkZr~ tks izkphu dky esa uohu FkkA ;kLd osQ bl dFku ls;g Hkh èofur gksrk gS fd tks lkfgR; ,d vksj iqjkruh l`f"V fo|k] osn fo|kls viuk lEcU/ cuk, j[krk gS vkSj nwljh vksj fuR; uwru :i esa mRiÂyksd&thou ls viuk lEcU/ tksM+s j[krk gS ogh iqjk.k gSA

;|fi iqjk.k 'kCn osQ izRu] izru] iqjkru] fpjUru vkfn vusd i;kZ;okphgSa] rFkkfi ;gk¡ iqjk.k 'kCn ls egf"kZ O;kljfpr izkphu dFkk ;qDr v"Vkn'k xzUFkfo'ks"k dk gh cks/ gksrk gSA O;qRifÙkyH; vFkZ osQ vuqlkj lHkh fo}ku~ iqjk.kdks izkphu xzUFk fo'ks"k ekuus ls ,der gSaA Lo;a iqjk.k Hkh bl vFkZ dk leFkZudjrk gS&


130 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

iqjkruL; dYiL; iqjk.kkfu fonqcqZ/k%A1

ok;q iqjk.k Hkh izkphu dky ls vkt rd thfor lkfgR; dks gh iqjk.kdgrk gS&

;LekRiqjk áurhna iqjk.ka rsu dF;rsAfu#fDreL; ;ks osn loZikiS% izeqP;rs«2

iÁiqjk.k izkphu ijEijk dks O;Dr djus esa leFkZ 'kkL=k dks iqjk.k ekurkgS&

iqjk ijEijka osfÙk iqjk.ka rsu oS Le`re~«3

czãk.M iqjk.k esa îqjk ,rn~Hkwr~* izkphu dky esa ,slk Fkk] ;g vFkZ gSA

;LekRiqjk áHkwPpSrRiqjk.ka rsu rRLe`re~«4

iqjk.k 'kCn dk iz;ksx fo'ks"k.k o laKk nksuksa :iksa esa gksrk gSA fo'ks"k.k osQ:i esa bldk vFkZ gS&iqjkuk] iqjkru ;k izkphuA Hkxon~xhrk esa ¶'kk'orks¿;aiqjk.k%¸ (2@20)] ¶Roekfnnso% iq#"k% iqjk.k%¸ (11@38) vkfn esa iz;qDr iqjk.k'kCn îzkphu* vFkZ dk okpd gSA laKk osQ :i esa bldk vFkZ gS&iqjkruvk[;kuksa ls ;qDr xzUFkA bl vFkZ esa iqjk.k 'kCn dk izkphure iz;ksx vFkoZosnrFkk czkã.k xzUFkksa esa feyrk gSA

Íp% lkekfu NUnkafl iqjk.ka------fnfofJr%A5

vFk uoes¿gu~ rkuqifn'kfr iqjk.ka osn%Alks¿;fefr fdf×pr~ iqjk.kep{khr~«6

vejdks'k esa iqjk.k dks i×py{k.k dgk x;k gS&¶iqjk.ka i×py{k.ke~ Aiqjk.k dk i×py{k.k iqjk.kksa esa Hkh LohÑr gSA

lxZ'p izfrlxZ'p oa'kks eUoUrjkf.k pAoa'kkuqpfjra psfr iqjk.ka i×py{k.ke~«7

1- eRL; iqjk.k& 53] 722- ok;q iqjk.k&1] 2µ33- iÁiqjk.k&1] 2] 544- czãk.M iqjk.k& 1] 1] 1735- vFkZoosn (11@7@24)6- 'kriFk czkã.k (13] 4] 3] 13)7- ok;q iqjk.k (4@10)

lUns'k dkO;ksa dk iszjd Hkkxor iqjk.k 131

fo".kq iqjk.k ,oa LdUn dh lwrlafgrk esa Hkh ojkg iqjk.k osQ leku ghiqjk.k dk y{k.k izkIr gksrk gSA ojkg iqjk.k osQ vuqlkj i×py{k.k osQ vUrxZrifjxf.kr lxZ ls rkRi;Z l`f"V] izfrlxZ ls y; vkSj iqu% l`f"V] oa'k ls nso rFkkÍf"k;ksa dh oa'kkoyh rFkk eUoUrj ls izR;sd euq dk dky vkSj ml le; dhizeq[k ?kVuk,a ,oa oa'kkuqpfjr ls jktoa'kksa dk bfrgkl gSA bu fo"k;ksa dhfoospuk ftlosQ }kjk dh tk;] ogh iqjk.k gSA

egf"kZ O;kl fojfpr i×py{k.k lefUor xzUFk ftUgsa ge iqjk.k laKk lsvfHkfgr djrs gSa mudh la[;k v"Vkn'k crkbZ tkrh gS tks bl izdkj gSa&eRL;iqjk.k] ekdZ.Ms; iqjk.k] Hkfo"; iqjk.k] Hkkxor iqjk.k] czãk.M iqjk.k] czãoSorZiqjk.k] ojkg iqjk.k] ok;q iqjk.k] okeu iqjk.k] fo".kq iqjk.k] vfXu iqjk.k] ukjniqjk.k] iÁ iqjk.k] fyax iqjk.k] x#M iqjk.k] owQeZ iqjk.k] LdUn iqjk.kA

v"Vkn'k iqjk.kksa esa lokZf/d izfl¼ ,oa yksdfiz; ^Hkkxor iqjk.k*Hkxoku fo".kq osQ izfl¼ vorkj JhÑ".k dh jklyhykvksa rFkk ØhMkvksa dklfoLrkj o.kZu n'ke LdU/ esa izLrqr djrk gSA Hkkxor iqjk.k }kn'k LdU/ksa esav"Vkn'k lgÏ 'yksdksa esa fuc¼ gSA bl xzUFk dks oSnq"; dh dlkSVh osQ :iesa tkuk tkrk gS&¶fo|korka Hkkxors ijh{kk¸A

Hkkxor iqjk.k osQ n'ke LdU/ osQ 30osa vè;k; esa bl izdkj dh dFkkgS] ,d ckj jklØhMk osQ izlÄõ esa Hkxoku~ Ñ".k osQ izse dks ikdj xksfi;k¡ oqQNvfHkeku djus yxrh gSaA muosQ vfHkeku dks nwj djus dh Hkkouk ls Ñ".k thvUr/kZu gks tkrs gSaA vdLekr~ vius eè; esa Ñ".k dks u ikdj xksfi;k¡ cM+hnq%f[kr gksrh gSa vkSj muosQ fojg esa mUeÙk dh rjg v'oRFk] Iy{k] U;xzks/]rqylh] efYydk] ;wfFkdk vkSj vkez bR;kfn o`{kksa ls mudk irk iwaNrh fiQjrhgSaA bl dFkk izlax osQ vk/kj ij gh JhÑ".k lkoZHkkSe us vius înkadnwr*dkO; dh jpuk dh gSA1 blosQ vfrfjDr xksfi;ksa dk viuh fojgkoLFkk esaoÙnkou dh yrkvksa vkSj o`{kksa ls Ñ".k osQ lEcU/ esa iwNuk Hkh vusd nwrdkO;ksa dk ekxZ&izorZd gSaA

JhenHkkxor osQ n'ke LdU/ osQ 46osa vè;k; esa Hkh lUns'kdkO; dhoqQN :ijs[kk n`f"Vxkspj gksrh gSA Hkxoku~ JhÑ".k tc xksoqQy ls eFkqjk vk tkrsgSa vkSj cgqr fnuksa rd mUgsa xksoqQy tkus dk volj ugha feyrk gS rc os uUnvkSj ;'kksnk osQ nq%[k dks nwj djus rFkk xksfi;ksa dks lkURouk nsus osQ fy, vius

1- Hkkxor iqjk.k (10@46@1&27)

132 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

fiz; fe=k m¼o dks xksoqQy Hkstrs gSaA1 m¼o osQ xksoqQy ig¡qpus ij uUn vkSj;'kksnk mudk cgqr Lokxr djrs gSaA m¼o Hkh mUgsa Ñ".k Hkxoku dk lEiw.kZo`ÙkkUr lqukrs gSa rFkk 'kh?kz gh ozt esa Ñ".k th osQ igq¡pus dk vk'oklu Hkhnsrs gSaA2

bl izdkj uUn vkSj ;'kksnk osQ 'kksd dks nwj dj m¼o th tc eFkqjktkus dks m|r gksrs gSa rc oqQN xksfi;k¡ muosQ jFk dks jksddj [kM+h gks tkrhgSaA3 blh volj ij dgha ls ,d Hkzej vk tkrk gS vkSj dksbZ xksih mls Ñ".kdk nwr le> cSBrh gS4 rFkk Hkzej osQ izfr xksih dk dFku lqudj m¼o thus xksfi;ksa dh Ñ".kHkfDr dh cM+h iz'kalk dh gSA vUr esa mUgksaus Ñ".k th osQ'kCnksa esa gh xksfi;ksa dks Ñ".k th dk lUns'k lquk;k gSA5

Hkxoku~ JhÑ".k osQ lUns'k dks lqudj xksfi;k¡ m¼o th dks Ñ".k thdh fofHkÂ dFkk,a ,oa yhyk,a lqukrh gSaA m¼o th Hkh Ñ".k dh dFkkvksa vkSjyhykvksa esa gh izlÂ jgrs gq, xksoqQy esa dbZ ekl fcrkdj rFkk Ñ".k th osQizfr xksfi;ksa dk lUns'k ysdj eFkqjk okfil ykSV vkrs gSaA Jhen~Hkxor osQ izlaxosQ vk/kj ij gh Jh :ixksLokeh osQ m¼o lUns'k rFkk ek/o dohUæ osQm¼onwr dh jpuk gqbZ gSA mDr izlax esa Hkzej dks Hkh nwr dfYir fd;k x;kgSA vr% ;g izlax #æU;k; okpLifr osQ Hkzejnwr rFkk vU; Hk`Äõnwrksa dk Hkhvk/kj gSA

mi;qZDr izlax osQ vfrfjDr Hkkxor esa oqQN vU; LFkyksa esa Hkh lUns'kdkO;ksa osQ izkjfEHkd rRo n`f"Vxkspj gksrs gSa] tgka ij nwr }kjk lUns'k izs{k.k dkdk;Z n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gSA

Hkkxor iqjk.k osQ n'keLdU/ osQ 52osa vè;k; esa #fDe.kh dk lUns'kJhÑ".k dks ,d czkã.k }kjk Hksts tkus dk izlax izkIr gksrk gSA izlaxkuqlkj tcijelqUnjh :fDe.kh dks ;g Kkr gqvk fd esjk HkkbZ #De f'k'kqiky osQ lkFkesjk fookg djuk pkgrk gS rc os cgqr mnkl gks x;hA mUgksaus cgqrlksp&fopkj dj ,d fo'okl ik=k czkã.k dks rqjUr Hkxoku~ JhÑ".k osQ iklfuEu lUns'k igq¡pkus osQ fy, dgk&

1- Hkkxor iqjk.k (10@46@1&8)2- Hkkxor iqjk.k 10@46@34] 35 363- Hkkxor iqjk.k 10@46@1&104- Hkkxor iqjk.k 10@47@11&205- Hkkxor iqjk.k 10@46@29&36

lUns'k dkO;ksa dk iszjd Hkkxor iqjk.k 133

JqRok xq.kkUHkqoulqUnj Ük`.orka rsfufoZ'; d.kZfoojSgZjrksÄõ¿rkie~A:ia n`'kka n`f'kerkef[kykFkZykHkaRo;kP;qrkfo'kfr fpÙkei=kia es«1

dk Rok eqoqQUn egrhoqQy'khy:i&fo|ko;ksæfo.kèkkefHkjkRerqY;e~A/hjk i¯r oqQyorh u o`.khrdU;k dkys u`flag ujyksdeuksfHkjkee~«2

rUes Hkoku~ [kyq o`r% ifrjÄõ&tk;kekRekfiZr'pHkorks¿=k foHkks foèksfgAek ohjHkkxefHke'kZrq pS|vkjkæksek;qoUe`xirscZfyeEcqtk{k«3

iwrsZ"VnÙkfu;eozrnsofoizxqoZpZukfnfHkjya HkxokUijs'k%Avkjkf/rks ;fn xnkxzt ,R; ikf.kax`Êkrq es u ne?kks"klqrkn;ks¿U;s«4

'oksHkkfofu Roeftrks}gus fonHkkZu~xqIr% lesR; i`rukifrfHk% ijhr%AfueZF; pS|ex/sUæcya izlá ekajk{klsu fof/uks}g oh;Z'kqYdke~«5

vUr% iqjkUrjpjhefugR;cU/waLRokeq}gs dFkkfefr izonkE;qik;e~AiwosZ|qjfLr egrh oqQynsfo;k=kk ;L;kacfguZooèkwfxZfjtkeqis;kr~«6

;L;kfÄ~?kziÄ~dtjt% Ïiua egkUrksok×NUR;qekifrfjokRereks¿igR;SA

1- Hkkxor iqjk.k 10@52@372- Hkkxor iqjk.k 10@52@383- Hkkxor iqjk.k 10@52@394- Hkkxor iqjk.k 10@52@405- Hkkxor iqjk.k 10@52@416- Hkkxor iqjk.k 10@52@42

134 laLÑr&foe'kZ%

;áZEcqtk{k u yHks; HkoRizlknatákelwUozrÑ'kku~ 'krtUefHk% L;kr~«1

mi;qZDr lUns'k #fDe.kh }kjk Hkxoku JhÑ".k rd igq¡pkus gsrq czkã.kdks nkSR; deZ esa fu;qDr djus osQ izlax dh mithO;rk dks vk/kj cukdjlaLÑr lkfgR; osQ nsnhI;eku dfo] egkdfo] dkfynkl us viusnwrdkO;@[k.MdkO; (es?knwre~) esa fojgksRdf.Br ;K }kjk viuh fiz;k rdlUns'k izs{k.k gsrq vpsru ês?k* dks nkSR;deZ esa fu;qDr fd;kA

laLÑr lkfgR; esa nwrdkO;ksa esa lcls izkphu miyC/ rFkk Kkr nwrdkO;egkdfo] dkfynkl fojfpr ês?kwnr* gh gSA vU; nwrdkO;ksa@lUns'k dkO;ksa esa?kVdiZjÑr ?kVdiZj] /ks;hÑr iounwr] osnkUr nsf'kd Ñr gal lUns'k]xksoèkZukpk;ZÑr vk;kZlIr'krh] :ixksLokehÑr galnwr rFkk m¼o lUns'k]iw.kZljLorhÑr gal lans'k] fo".kqÏkrkÑr dksd lUns'k] oklqnsoÑr Hk`ÄõlUns'k]fuR;kuUn'kkL=khÑr guqen~nwr] foØe dfoÑr usfenwr rFkk mí.M dfoÑrdksfdy lUns'k osQ lkFk gh yxHkx 30 osQjyh; lUns'k dkO;ksa us lUns'kdkO;iz.k;u dh ijEijk esa mÙkjksÙkj o`f¼ dh gSA

lUns'k dkO;ksa esa nkSR;deZ dh m‰kouk fuf'pr :i ls Hkkxor iqjk.kesa #fDe.kh }kjk JhÑ".k dks Hksts x;s lUns'k osQ izlax ls izsfjr izrhr gksrh gSAvr% ge dg ldrs gSa lUns'k dkO; ijEijk osQ chp gesa Hkkxor iqjk.k esalgt gh izkIr gksrs gSa tks lans'k dkO;ksa dh jpuk gsrq fo}kuksa osQ izsj.kkÏksr dkdk;Z djus esa loZFkk liQy jgs gSaA

lUnHkZ xzUFk

1- laLÑr okÄ~e; dk o`gn~ bfrgkl&MkWú cynso mikè;k; (iqjk.k [k.M)2- laLÑr osQ lUns'k dkO;&MkWú jke oqQekj vkpk;Z3- laLÑr lkfgR; dk lkeh{kkRed bfrgkl&MkWú dfiynso f}osnh4- Hkkxor iqjk.k5- eRL; iqjk.k6- ok;q iqjk.k7- iÁ iqjk.k8- czkãk.M iqjk.k9- vFkoZosn10- 'kriFk czkã.k

1- Hkkxor iqjk.k 10@52@43

Documents

laLÑr&foe'kZ%sanskrit.nic.in/Sanskrit_Vimarsah/v13_14.pdf · Advisory-Board 1. Prof. V. Kutumba Sastry, 36, Evergreen Appartment Plot-9 Sect. 7, Dwarka, New Delhi-110075 2. Prof