Lakeshore Collegiate Institute Mr. Brech's Class Site · Web viewThis is the ancient hard rock (4 billion years old) and it is what all the other areas were created from. - and make

11) – CGC 1D1 NOTES: Canada’s Landform Regions Read Chapter 11: Making Connections

• - are made from oceans, lakes, glaciation, folding, faulting, erosion, and the deposition of soils and rocks.

• The oldest Landform Region in Canada – The_____________________is 4 Billion years old.

LANDFORMS:

- are the or natural features, of the land's surface.

is an area's landforms and its cover of vegetation, water, ice and rock

Topography may be described in the following terms:

Elevation above sea level

Relief in between points on the surface

Gradient the of slopes

Geology types of and of those rocks

General Appearance descriptions. i.e.: may be young: sharp peaks and steep ridges; or : rounded and worn down

Canada is so large that geographers divide it into regions to make it easier to study. Geographers classify landforms based on a combination of characteristics:

1. AGE OF 2. TYPE OF 3. 4. 5. PROCESS THAT HAS THE AREA

Questions to answer for each Landform Region: Good to know on a test… When was it formed?

What is the geology of the area?

What does it look like?

How was it created?

Why is it important?

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CANADIAN SHIELD: PAGES

The core (geologically speaking) of the country is the (or )

Shield. This is the ancient hard rock (4 billion years old) and it is what all the other areas were created from.

- and make up the Shield and because it is so old it is

relatively flatcompared to other regions. It is often called the of Canada's metallic

minerals (many deposits of lead, gold, nickel, copperand zinc).

The area has been subjected to a number of major or . The

scraping and gouging action of the ice has left depressions in the bedrock which have filled with water to form

hundreds of thousands of lakes.

The soil is not good for but is ideal for with its scenic

rivers and vast forests. The industry is very important for regions in the Southern

parts of the Shield with , , and .

The is impervious – water does not pass through it. The sand and gravels deposited

by the (from the scraping and gouging) have forced the rivers to flow inmany different

directions – resulting in a verydisorganized pattern of winding rivers, lakesand swamps.

SECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS: Candian Shield also known as -

When was it formed?



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How was it created?


INTERIOR PLAINS: Pages -

Many people think of the as flat, but for the most part they are composed of

rolling hills and deep, wide valleys. Overall, the land from west to east.

This is due to , since harder and denser rocks erode more slowly than

the softer rocks and soil deposits.

The area was once covered by glacial seas ( Era) . After the sediments they

formed Rock ( from the CANADIAN ) creating oil deposits, as

well as potash and natural gas.

As the lakes from the glaciers receded they left behind , that now make up very -_ and soil. This region is excellent for growing grains and oats and is

often known as: " ".

SECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS: Interior Plains

When was it formed?



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How was it created?


LOWLANDS -

A surrounding series of plains or lowlands are made up of sedimentary rock, in part eroded from the ancient

Canadian Shield.

The GREAT LAKES/St. LAWRENCE LOWLANDS: Pages-

Made up of two parts: separated by thin wedge of that jets across the St.

Lawrence River (near Kingston)

Made up of rock (from the era) – Made up of many areas of differential erosion(Niagara Escarpment &Niagara Falls.)

Great Lakes portion - formed from gouging out the landscape leaving a rolling

landscape with flat plains, glacial hills ( & ) and deep river

valleys.

St. Lawrence Lowland portion - is a created when the land between

dropped or sank down ( )

Due to rich, filled soils and a climate - The area is great for agriculture.

Very land - excellent for ( % of Canada's population lives in the Great

Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands, which only makes up % of Canada's total land area)

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Could be considered Canada's Industrial and heartland

SECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS: Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Lowlands

When was it formed?



How was it created?


1, HUDSON BAY/2, ARCTIC LOWLANDS: Pages-

1, Hudson Bay area is very flat, low area covered by . The region has layers of

rock overtop of the ancient .

In this region the swampy areas are called – the water is often stagnant (never moving).

Several rivers meander through the area. The vegetation is mostly and isolated .

2, The Arctic Lowlands includes a group of Northern Islands with a gently rolling landscape.

Very harsh does not permit -due to (ground is frozen for most

of year).

Sedimentary rockformed in the era does contain some (a poor quality of

coal), oil and natural gas deposits.

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SECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS: Hudson Bay/Arctic Lowlands

When was it formed?



How was it created?


HIGHLANDS:

Canada is surrounded by a rim, also made up of, in part sediments from the

Unlike the lowland areas, the rocks have been uplifted by forces.

The highlands include:

: the and the lowest Mountains due to longer erosion

: of the very far north, still relatively young

: the , and highest. This is actually a series of several different

ranges dominated by the famous .

APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS: Pages-

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highland region in North America formed at the end of the era (300 million

years ago).

These mountains are made of mainly rock (rich in deposits of non-metallic minerals [i.e. coal])

Though there are areas where activity and have created

and outcroppings (plateaus which consist of metallic minerals [i.e. Iron and

zinc]).

Millions of years of have reduced the once peaks to

mountains and hills. More recent glaciations have added to theleveling of these mountains. As the

land sank (due to the ) long bays were created and now

theyprovide deep for ocean and they have become the sites

for major cities.

SECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS: Appalachians

When was it formed?



How was it created?


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INNUITIAN MOUNTAINS: Pages-

Formed in the of the era when the North American plate moved

northward.

Mainly composed of rock.

than Appalachians, so they have not been worn down as much.

It’s a barren landscape, covered by and snow.

resources have not been explored since the region is too , it would cost

too muchto explore.

SECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS: Innuitian Mountains

When was it formed?



How was it created?


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WESTERN CORDILLERA: Pages-

Consists of a range of along the separated by plateaus and

valleys.

Created when the plate under the plate,

causing a great deal of folding, faulting and volcanic activity.

Great and appearance means they are geologically young (

Era). Many people use the term ‘ ‘ to describe the Western Cordillera - but, in

truth, the are just a small part of the Western Cordillera. SEE FIG. 11-13 p. 113

The mountains run in a - direction This creates a PROBLEM, all travel routes run in

an - direction so there are only a few or gaps to allow travel

through the region. This makes the region lightly .

Most people live in or townslocated in river valleys (________________

and ).

Many created as glaciers scraped out , and when the glaciers melted the

sea the valleys. With this and the beautiful mountains the region thrives on .

SECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS: Western Cordillera

When was it formed?



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How was it created?


Many geological events occurring over hundreds of millions of years have created Canada's diverse landforms.

Canada could be described as a " ” surrounded by lowlands and then

highlands on three sides.

Profile of Southern Canada's Landform Regions

ADDITIONAL NOTES:

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Documents

Lakeshore Collegiate Institute Mr. Brech's Class Site · Web viewThis is the ancient hard rock (4 billion years old) and it is what all the other areas were created from. - and make