C. RIGHT TO PEACEFUL CONCERTED ACTIVITIESQ: What is the
constittiona! "asis o# st$i%es& !oc%ots an' othe$ conce$te'
acti(ities)A: The State shall guarantee the rights of all workers
to selforganization, collective bargaining andnegotiations, and
peaceful concerted activities, including the right to strike in
accordance with law(Sec. 3, Art. X, !"#$ %onstitution&.'ote:
Thelawdoesnot lookwithfavor uponstrikesandlockoutsbecauseof
theirdisturbing and pernicious effects upon the social order and
the public interests( to prevent or avertthe) and to i)ple)ent Sec.
*, Art. X+ of the %onstitution, the law has created several
agencies,na)el,: the -./, the 01.2, the .abor 3anage)ent Advisor,
-oard, and the %/. (.uzon 3arine0ev4t 5nion v. /oldan, 6./. 'o.
.7**8, 3a, 38, !"98&Q: What is a conce$te' action)A: t is an
activit, undertaken b, two or )ore e)plo,ees, b, one on behalf of
the others.Q: A$e a!! conce$te' actions st$i%es)A: 'ot all
concerted activities are strikes. The, )a, onl, be protest actions
: the, do not necessaril,cause work stoppage b, the protesters. A
strike in contrast is alwa,s a group action acco)paniedb, work
stoppage.Q: The e*+!o,ees -$ote an'+"!ishe'a !ette$ to the "an%
+$esi'ent& 'e*an'in.his$esi.nation on the .$on's o#
i**o$a!it,& ne+otis*& #a(o$itis* an' 'isc$i*ination in
thea++oint*ent an' +$o*otion o# "an% e*+!o,ees. The "an% 'is*isse'
the ei.ht e*+!o,eeson the a!!e.e' !i"e!os !ette$. We$e the
e*+!o,ees en.a.e' in a conce$te' acti(it,)A: ;es, assu)ing that
the, acted in their individual capacities when the, wrote the
letter, the, werenonethelessprotected, for
the,wereengagedinaconcertedactivit,, intheir right of self
organization that includes concerted activit, for )utual aid and
protection. An, interference )adeb, the co)pan, will constitute as
5.@?&Q: What is a "o,cott)A: t is an atte)pt, b, arousing a
fear of loss, to coerce others, against their will to withhold fro)
onedeno)inated Gunfriendl, to laborH their beneficial business
intercourse.Q: What is a s!o-'o-n)A: t is a )ethod b, which one4s
e)plo,ees, without seeking a co)plete stoppage of work,
retardproductionanddistributioninaneffort toco)pel
co)plianceb,thee)plo,erwiththelaborde)ands )ade upon hi).Q: Does an
/o(e$ti*e "o,cott0 o$ /-o$% s!o-'o-n0 ", the e*+!o,ees constitte a
st$i%e an'hence a (io!ation o# the C1A2s /No st$i%e& no !oc%ot0
c!ase)A: ;es, the concept of a slowdown is a Istrike on the
instal)ent plan.I t is a wilful reduction in therateof
workb,concertedactionof workersfor thepurposeof
restrictingtheoutput of thee)plo,er,inrelationtoalabordispute(
asanactivit,b,whichworkers, without aco)pletestoppageof work,
retardproductionor their perfor)anceof
dutiesandfunctionstoco)pel)anage)ent to grant their de)ands.Such a
slowdown is generall, conde)ned as inherentl, illicit and
un=ustifiable, because while thee)plo,ees Icontinue to work and
re)ain at their positions and accept the wages paid to the),Ithe,
at the sa)e ti)e Iselect what part of their allotted tasks the,
care to perfor) of their ownvolition or refuse openl, or secretl,,
to the e)plo,er4s da)age, to do other work(I in other words,the,
Iwork on their own ter)s.I (nterphil .aboratories 2)plo,ees
5nionCCEv. nterphil.aboratories, nc., 6./. 'o. !A7#7A, 0ec. !",
788!&Q: What a$e the cha$acte$istics o# a st$i%e)A: !.
2Distence of an e)plo,erFe)plo,ee relationship7. 2Distence of a
labor dispute3. 2)plo,)ent relation is dee)ed to continue although
in a state of belligerent suspensionA. Te)porar, work stoppage9.
Eork stoppage is done through concerted action*. The striking group
is a legiti)ate labor organization( in case of a bargaining
deadlock, it )ustbe the e)plo,ees4 sole bargaining representativeQ:
PAL'is*isse'st$i%e!ea'e$ Ca+t. Gastonasa$es!t o#
-hichtheUnion$eso!(e'ton'e$ta%ethe.$on'in.o# a!!
PAL+!anesan'the#i!in.o# a++!ications#o$ /+$otest$eti$e*ent0 o#
*e*"e$s -ho ha' co*+!ete' 3 ,ea$s o# continos se$(ice& an'
/+$otest$esi.nation0 #o$ those -ho ha' $en'e$e' !ess than 3 ,ea$s
o# se$(ice in the co*+an,. PALac%no-!e'.e' $ecei+t o# sai' !ette$s
an' a*on. the +i!ots -hose /+$otest $esi.nation o$$eti$e*ent0 -as
acce+te' ", PAL -e$e En$i4e5 an' Eca$*a.1e#o$ethei$
$ea'*ission& PAL$e4i$e'En$i4e5an'Eca$*atoacce+t
6con'itions&na*e!,: that the, si.n con#o$*it, to PAL2s !ette$
o# acce+tance o# thei$ $eti$e*ent an' o$$esi.nation an' that the,
s"*it an a++!ication #o$ e*+!o,*ent as ne- e*+!o,ees -ithot+$otest
o$ $ese$(ation. As a $es!t o# this thei$ senio$it, $i.hts -e$e
!ost.A$e the +i!ots entit!e' to the $esto$ation o# thei$ senio$it,
$i.hts)A: 'o, an e)plo,ee has no inherent right to seniorit,. Je
has onl, such rights as )a, be based on acontract, statute, or
anad)inistrativeregulationrelativethereto. Seniorit, rights
whichareac@uired b, an e)plo,ee through longti)e e)plo,)ent are
contractual and not constitutional.The discharge of an e)plo,ee
thereb, ter)inating such rights would not violate the
%onstitution.Ehen the pilots tendered their respective retire)ent
or resignation and
