LABOUR

Oxford Dictionary defines “Labour are those who are doing physical hard work for their lives”.

National Sample Survey of India (NSSI) “Labour comprises of persons who are actively engaged in any productive work during the reference period of enumeration”.

IN GENERAL

• 1. A human effort

• 2. Any Physical activity

• 3. Any Valuable service rendered.

• 4. Any productive work.

HISTORY OF LABOUR

• According to Damodar Panda the historical evolution of labour India has been studied in two dimensions. They are

• Labour – Before Independence

• Labour – After Independence

Labour – Before Independence

• Under the British colonial regime in India land became a commodity, Mines were opened in the tribal and other areas for colonial industry and people were displaced in thousands from their livelihood.

In this period labours were exploited in several ways, – Treated like a Slave– They Worked for food– Religious discrimination– Gender discrimination– Sexual abuse, etc.

After Independence

• By taking into consideration of the plight and hardships of labour the Indian government appointed the Royal Commission on Labour to improve the conditions of Indian labour in 1931. The Royal Commission on Labour dealt with numerous issues like,

MAJOR LABOUR ISSUES

• Employment of factory workers

• Working conditions

• Service Conditions

• Safety, health, welfare of labour

• Seasonal factories

• Un-regulated factories

• Workmen’s compensation, etc,

LABOUR ACTS IN INDIA

• After analyzed the above said issues related to the labor – the Royal Commission on Labor – highly recommended the government of India to enact the labor related acts for immediate solutions.

• Based on the recommendation of royal commission on labor – the government implemented the following acts

Acts related to labor in India

– Minimum Wages Act – 1948– Factories Act – 1948– The Employees state Insurance Act, 1948– The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961– The Personal Injuries (Compensation Insurance)

Act, 1963 – The Mines Act, 1952– The Plantation Labor Act, 1951– The Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of

Employment) Act, 1966

Labour classification in india

• Agricultural Sector• Cultivators• Agricultural Labourers, • Livestock, Forestry, fishing, etc • Industrial Sector• Mining and quarrying,• Large and small industries,• Construction.

Labour classification in india

• Service Sector

• Trade and commerce

• Transport,

I.L.O

• So many welfare measures and legislations are enacted to protect labour from such problems

- violations - exploitations - discriminationBut international labour organisation is not

convinced the step taken by the concern government

International labour org

• The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with labour issues pertaining to international labor standards. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.

ILC

• So they are decided to go for universal code for labour working in industry and other sectors to protect them from the problem.

• Labour code is nothing but the Standard of Regulation to regulate the labour in an universally accepted way.

international labour standards

• Since 1919, the International Labour Organization has maintained and developed a system of international labour standards aimed at promoting opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work, in conditions of freedom, equity, security and dignity. In today's globalized economy, international labour standards are an essential component in the international framework for ensuring that the growth of the global economy provides benefits to all.

The role of international labour standards

• The Decent Work Agenda aims to achieve

- decent work for all by promoting social dialogue

- social protection and employment creation

- as well as respect for international labour standards

Strategies of ILO

• governing globalization

• promoting sustainable development

• eradicating poverty

• ensuring that people can work in dignity and safety