Laboratories Guide

Laboratories Guide FACULTY OF SCIENCE

Faculty of Science physics department

1 Labs Guide

بسم الله

الرحمن

الرحيم


2 Labs Guide

Contents

Chairman of the Physics Department Message: ..........................................................................3

Vision, Mission and Objectives: ....................................................................................................... 4

Vision: .......................................................................................................................................... 4

Mission: ........................................................................................................................................ 4

Objectives: .................................................................................................................................... 4

Labs Committee ................................................................................................................................ 5

Formation: .................................................................................................................................... 5

Tasks: ............................................................................................................................................ 5

Physics Labs: ..................................................................................................................................... 6

Physics department has the following labs: ................................................................................. 6

General Physics LabPhys.101 ........................................................................................................... 7

General Physics LabPhys.202 ......................................................................................................... 11

Optics lab: ....................................................................................................................................... 13

Electronics Physics Lab: ................................................................................................................. 19

Advance physics lab (1) ………………………………………………………………………….23

Advance Physics lab(2)………………...………………………………………………………25


3 Labs Guide

Chairman of the Physics Department

Message:

All Praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, and blessings and peace be upon our

Prophet Muhammad and his Family and Companions.

It is my pleasure and good fortune to contribute to the website of the Physics

Department with these humble words and to shed some light on its Faculty of Science at Zarqa

University. I thank The Almighty God for His grace and gratitude that has placed me here to

serve the religion, the nation, society in general and the university and this faculty in particular.

My thanks go to their Excellences the Rector and the vice deans of the University, the Dean of

the faculty of Science and my colleagues for the facilities and guidance they have provided in

order to serve the university. They have ensured the development and upgrading of their

department to its best levels.

Physics is the science that studies everything related to material, its movement and

energy; it tries to understand natural phenomena and the forces affecting the functioning of

material and formulates knowledge of the laws that do not only explain the processes above, but

also the prediction of the natural processes with models that slowly and gradually approach

reality.

Physics is at the same also interested in accurately measuring and inventing new ways

of increasing a basis of reaching a proper interpretation of natural phenomena.

Physics provides the art of measurement methods for use in all the vital and natural

sciences like Chemistry, Medicine, Engineering, Biology and other sciences. The progress of

civilization is due to the impressive progress of the science of physics. All the devices that we

use in our daily lives are based on physics, such as radar, wireless, radio, color TV, phones,

laptop computers, cell phones and diagnostic devices in medicine, such as X-rays, magnetic

resonance imaging, radiotherapy, glasses, telescopes and space probes, microwave ovens,

power transistors, the microphone and electricity.

Chairman of the Physics Department

Dr. Mohammed Hassen Abu-Sei'leek


4 Labs Guide

Vision, Mission and Objectives:

Vision:

Producing a promising and qualified national generation with high efficiency and experience

in the field of physics to meet the needs and requirements of the labor market.

Mission:

The physics laboratories committee seeks to develop the practical side in the educational

process and research by improving the capabilities and expertise to interact with current and

future needs of the University and the surrounding community.

Objectives:

1. Provide a disciplined learning environment for the students.

2. Improve the efficiency of the graduates in the field of physics to work at all

levels.

3. Deepen students' understanding of the different physical phenomena.

4. Prepare the students to be able to pursue higher studies in the field of physics.


5 Labs Guide

Labs Committee:

Formation:

A sub-committee is formed annually by the board of the physics department called Labs

Committee. This committee chaired by the head of the department and the membership of all

faculty staff members who teach in any of the department labs, as well as the membership of

laboratory technicians in the department.

Tasks:

The committee is responsible for a general supervision of all department laboratories

and stands on all their needs and deficiencies providing periodically the board of the physics department with records of their meetings.

The Committee draws public policies in the laboratory and prepares their own reports.

The Committee of the department laboratories evaluates their safety standards and

recommend what is necessary to the board of the physics department.


6 Labs Guide

Physics Labs:

Physics department has the following labs: 1. General Physics Lab (1) (0302111)

2. General Physics Lab (2) (0302112)

3. Electronics Physics Lab (0302297)

4. Optics Lab (0302236)

5. Advance physics Lab (1) (0302365)

6. Advance Physics Lab (2) (0302475)

These laboratories represent a basis for bachelor's degree students.


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1. General Physics Lab (1) (0302111):

This lab aims to: Teach students the basic laws of physics such as motion and gravity, and others. Students take this lab in conjunction with theoretical general physics (1) (0300121) offered at the first level to be able to understand the theories and basic laws.

Lab Experiments:

1) Experimental Errors and data Analysis

2) Measurements and uncertainties

3) Vectors & Forces in Equilibrium

4) Newton’s second law of motion

5) Projectiles motion

6) Collision in two dimension

7) Friction

8) Simple Harmonic motion (simple Pendulum)

9) Hook’s law and simple harmonic motion

10) Rotational motion

Inside the lab, there is the first aid box and also the security and safety rules.

There are a technician’s room and a store room in the lab.


8 Labs Guide

List of Experiments of General Physics Lab (1):

Experiment1: Experimental Errors and Data Analysis

Device Lab.: General Physics I

Objects of the experiment: To be familiar with experimental errors and data analysis.

Expermint2 : Measurements and Uncertainties

Devise Lab: General Physics I

Objective: To be familiar with some measuring tools and principle & To determine errors of some measured quantities

Expermint3 : Vectors & Forces in Equilibrium


Objective: To show experimentally That the resultant of forces in equilibrium equal zero


9 Labs Guide

Expermint4 : Newton's Second Law of Motion


Objective: 1) To study the newton's second law of motion. 2) Studying the relation between the acceleration (a) and the applied force (f) at constant mass(m). 3) Studying the relation between the acceleration (a) and the mass (m) at constant applied (f)

Expermint5 : Projectiles Motion


Objective: Measuring the initial speed of the ball using Photo gate& Measuring the initial speed of the ball using Photo gate timer

Expermint6 : Collision in Two Dimensions


Objective: To purpose of this experiment is to show that the momentum and energy are conserved in two dimensions elastic collision


10 Labs Guide

Expermint7 : Friction


1) Objective: Determination of the static coefficient of (𝜇𝑠)and the kinetic coefficient of friction (𝜇𝑘) by sliding the block on a horizontal plain

2) Determination of the static coefficient of friction (𝜇𝑠) and the kinetic coefficient of friction (𝜇𝑘) by sliding the block down an inclined plain.

3) Comparison of the two different values for 𝜇𝑠 and 𝜇𝑘obtained by the two different techniques.

4) Demonstration that 𝜇𝑠>𝜇𝑘

Expermint8 :Simple Harmonic Motion (simple Pendulum)


Objective: Determination of how the period T of a pendulum depends upon the length of the pendulum Determination of the gravity acceleration


11 Labs Guide

Expermint9 : Hook's law and simple harmonic motion


Objective: To verify hook's law and to determine the force constant of spring & To show how the time of vertical oscillation depends on load

Expermint10 :Rotational motion


Objective:

1.Rotational motion apparatus which consists of turntable ticker timer pulley on a clamp weight holder string 2.Meter scale sheets of linear graph –thumb pins- ticker tapes set of weight -12 v transformer


12 Labs Guide

2. General Physics Lab (2) (0302112) This lab aims to: Teach students the basic laws of electricity. Students take this lab in conjunction with theoretical general physics (2) (0300122) offered at the second level to be able to understand the theories and basic laws

Lab Experiments:

1) Electric Field Mapping 2) Ohm’s Law 3) Kirchhoff’s Laws 4) Resistivity of a conductor 5) Variation of Resistance with Temperature 6) Wheatstone Bridge 7) Charging and discharging of a Capacitor 8) Electrochemical Equivalent of Copper 9) Tangent Galvanometer 10) Power Transfer




13 Labs Guide

List of Experiments of General Physics Lab (2):

Experiment:1 Electric Field Mapping

Device Lab.: General Physics II

Objects of the experiment: 1. To examine the nature of the electric field

by mapping the equipotential lines for several electrode arrangements and to construct the electric field lines of force.

2. To determine the electric field intensity (E) between two parallel plates.

Experiment2 OHM’S LAW


Objects of the experiments 1. To learn how to use electric equipment

and how to measure current resistance and voltage

2. To verify the relationship between current, voltage and resistance in a circuit

3. To study the distribution of current and energy in an electric circuit

4. To develop formulas those give the total resistance of series and parallel resistors.

Experiment3 Kirchhoff's Laws

DeviceLab.: General Physics II

Objects of the experiment: To verify Kirchhoff's first and second laws


14 Labs Guide

Experiment4 Resistivity of a Conductor


Objects of the experiment: 1) Demonstration the dependence of the

resistance of a conductor on the length, cross-sectional area and the resistivity of a wire.

2) Determination of the resistivity of a conductor.

Experiment5 Variation of Resistance with Temperature


Objects of the experiment: 1) To investigate the variation of the

resistance of metals with temperature 2) To measure the temperature

coefficient of resistance for copper.

Experiment6 Wheatstone Bridge


Objects of the experiment: 1- To be familiar with the Wheatstone

bridge concept. 2- To determine an unknown resistance using

Wheatstone bridge.


15 Labs Guide

Experiment 7

Charging and discharging of a Capacitor


Objects of the experiment: To study charging and dis charging characteristics of capacitors

Experiment 8

Electrochemical Equivalent of Copper


To study electrochemical equivalent of copper

Experiment9 Tangent Galvanometer


Objects of the experiment: To determine the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field.


16 Labs Guide

Experiment:10

Power transfer


Objects of the experiment: Objects of the experiment: 1) To measure power in a DC load 2) To determine the condition of maximum

–power transferred from a source to a


17 Labs Guide

Optics lab: This lab aims to: Give the student the practical skill to know the wave phenomena (interference

and diffraction and polarization) in a practical way with the training to deal

with the source of Laser.

Lab Experiments

1. Mirrors 2. Lenses 3. Refracting of light –prism spectrometer 4. Diffraction of light –Diffraction Grating 5. Polarization of light –Mauls Law 6. Michelson interferometer 7. Newton’s Rings 8. Fresnel’s Mirrors 9. Blamer series of Hydrogen 10. Inverse square law




18 Labs Guide

List of Experiments of Optics Lab:

Expermint1 :Mirrors

Devise Lab: Optics

Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the image-forming properties of

concave mirror (converging). 2. To determine its focal length using

Several methods.

Expermint2: Lances

Devise Lab: Optics

Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the image-forming properties of

concave Lances (converging ). 2. To determine its focal length using

Several methods

Expermint3 : Refraction of Light

Devise Lab: Optics

Objects of the experiment: 1. To get familiar with the Spectrometer. 2. To determine the refractive indices for

prism of different materials


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Expermint4 : Diffraction of light

Devise Lab: Optics

Objects of the experiment: 1. To observe the diffraction as

wave–like property of light. 2. To describe the diffraction pattern

obtained using diffraction grating.

Expermint5 : Polarizations of Light

Devise Lab: Optics

Objects of the experiment: 1. To Verify Mauls law.

Expermint6 :Michelson

Interferometer

Devise Lab: Optics

Objects of the experiment: 1. Determine the wavelength of an He–Ne 2. Measuring the refractive index air


20 Labs Guide

Expermint7 :Newton’s Ring

Devise Lab: Optics

Objects of the experiment: 1. To determine the radius of curvature

of given plane-convex

Expermint8 :Fresnel Mirrors

Devise Lab: optics

Objects of the experiment:


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Expermint9 : Blamer series

Devise Lab: Optics

Objects of the experiment: 1. To determine the Rydberg constant for Hydrogen.

Expermint10 : Inverse Square Law

Devise Lab: Optics

Objects of the experiment: 1. To measure the intensity of light as a function distance


22 Labs Guide

Electronics Physics Lab: This lab aims to:

The objective of this lab is to give students skills in the analysis and the

installation of an electronic circuit core, whether analogue or digital, and

identify the function of electronic circuits that are exposed and comparison

circuits analogue and digital through the ease and accuracy and demonstrate

skills in conducting laboratory experiments through the use of modern

equipment and software design.

Lab Experiments: 1. Oscilloscope 2. RLC in AC Circuits 3. RLC resonance circuit 4. Diode Basic characteristics 5. Diode rectifier circuit 6. Zener Diode 7. Transistor Amplifier 8. Operational Amplifier




23 Labs Guide

List of Experiments of Elecrtonics Lab:

Expermint1 :Oscilloscope

Devise Lab: Electronics lab

Objects of the experiment: 1. To gain familiarity with Oscilloscope 2. Using the oscilloscope in some

measurements.

Expermint2 :RLC in AC Circuits


Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the capacitance C and

inductance L in AC circuit. 2. Phase angle in RC and RL circuits.

Expermint3 : RLC resonance

circuit


Objects of the experiment: 1. To investigate the properties of series

and parallel resonance circuits.


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Expermint4 : Diode Basic

Characteristics


Objects of the experiment: 1. To learn how to test junction diode. 2. To measure the parries potential.

Expermint5 : Diode rectifier circuit

Devise Lab:Electronics lab

Objects of the experiment: 1. To demonstrate the characteristics of

the following diode circuits: a) half –wave rectifier. b) full -wave rectifier.

Expermint6:Zener Diode


Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the volt ampere

characteristics of Zener diode.


25 Labs Guide

Expermint7:Transistor Amplifier


Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the input, output and

transfer characteristics of NPN transistor.

Expermint8: Operational Amplifier


Objects of the experiment: 1. To measure the voltage gain of the

amplifier


26 Labs Guide

Advanced lab1:

This lab aims:

To help the students to know the experiments and basics of modern physics and

its applications

Lab Experiments:

1. Black body radiation 2. The Characteristics of Solar Cell 3. Specific charge (e/m) 4. Electron Diffraction 5. Franck-Hertz 6. Photoelectric Effect –Planck's constant 7. Hall Effect 8. Zeeman Effect 9. Magnetic Field 10. Thermoelectricity- The Thermocouple




27 Labs Guide

List of Experiments of Advanced Lab(1):

Expermint1 : Blackbody

radiation

Devise Lab: advanced lab 1

Objects of the experiment: 1. To verification of

Stefan-Boltzmann's law of

radiation

Expermint2 : The

Characteristics of Solar Cell


Objects of the experiment: 1. Illumination characteristics.

2. Current-voltage characteristics.

3. Power-load characteristics.

4. The efficiency of operation of

solar cell.


28 Labs Guide

Expermint3 : Determination

of the Specific Charge (e/m).


Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the behavior of electron

in magnetic field

2. Determination of the specific

charge e/m of the Electron

Expermint4 :Electron

Diffraction


Objects of the experiment: 1. To investigate the de Broglie's

Postulate – wavelike properties of

Particles.

2. To calculate the wavelength of

electron.

3. To investigate the Inter planer

spacing of graphite atom.


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Expermint5 : Franck Hertz


Objects of the experiment: 1. To record a Franck hertz curve for

mercury & neon.

Expermint6 : photoelectric

effect – determination of

Planck's constant


Objects of the experiment: 1. To study & investigate the

photoelectric effect. 2. To measure the kinetic

energy of photoelectrons vs. the frequency of light.

3. To measure the work function of the cathode in a photoelectric tube.


30 Labs Guide

Expermint7 : Hall effect


Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the hall effect phenomenon in a current-carrying conductor in a room temperature . 2. To measure the hall voltage as a

function of transverse current and magnetic flux density.

3. To determine the type and concentration of the charge carries in a conductor.

4. To determine the hall coefficient.

Expermint8 : Zeeman effect


Objects of the experiment: 1. To observe the normal Zeeman

effect. 2. To determine the electron specific

charge.

Expermint9 : magnetic field


Objects of the experiment: 1. To measure the magnetic flux

density along the axis of the circular flat coil.

2. To confirm the Helmholtz conditions for a pair of coil.


31 Labs Guide

Expermint10:Thermo

electricity –Thermocouple


Objects of the experiment: 1. To demonstrate the concept of

the thermoelectricity 2. To measure the (emf) for the

thermocouples of different materials.


32 Labs Guide

Advanced lab (2):

This lab aims to:

Help the student to acquire the practical skills to measure the physical quantities

related to the nucleus and nuclear radiation interactions with matter and

investigation of the nuclear phenomena and theories.

Lab Experiments:

1. Geiger counter 2. Propagation of radiation 3. X-ray 4. Laser diode 5. Electron spin resonance 6. Rutherford scattering 7. Faraday effect 8. Law of distance and absorption of gamma or beta rays 9. Alpha particle spectroscopy 10. Gamma spectroscopy




33 Labs Guide

List of Experiments of Advanced Lab(2):

Expermint1 :Geiger Counter


Objects of the experiment: 1. To determine the operation voltage

plateau for G-M tube. 2. To determine the died time counter. 3. To determine the efficiency of the G-M

detector.

Expermint2 :Propagation

of Radiation


Objects of the experiment: 1. To demonstrate the randomness and

statistical behavior of the nuclear decay of Radioactive sources.

Expermint3 :X-Ray


To measure the continuous and Characteristic spectrum of X-rays.


34 Labs Guide

Expermint4 : laser diode


Objects of the experiment: 1. To measure the beam geometry of the

diode laser. 2. To become familiar with the properties

of diode laser. 3. To determine the wave length of the

laser.

Expermint5 :Electron Spin Resonance


Objects of the experiment: 1. To determine the g-factor of Electron.

2. To investigate the magnetic field

dependence of the resonance frequency.

3. To investigate the electron spin resonance.

Expermint6 :Rutherford scattering


Objects of the experiment: 1. To determine the scattering of alpha

particles through a metal foil.

2. To demonstrate the Rutherford model of

the atom.

3. To find the dependence of scattering rate N on

scattering angle.

4. To find the dependence of scattering rate n on

the atomic number z.


35 Labs Guide

Expermint7 :faraday effect


Objects of the experiment: 1. To determine Verdet's constant.

2. To demonstrate the proportionality

between the angle of rotation and

magnetic flux density at constant

wavelength.

3. To investigate the influence of field

direction on the handedness of the

polarization plane

4. To investigate the influence of the

wavelength on the angle.

Expermint8 : :law of distance or

absorption of gamma or beta rays


Objects of the experiment: 1. To study the interaction of gamma rays

with a number of materials .

2. To determine the half-value Thickness &

the absorption coefficient of these

materials.

Expermint9 : Range of Alpha

particle in Air.


Objects of the experiment: 1. To be familiar with different methods

for detecting and recording the energy spectrum of alpha radiation.

2. Measurement of the activity of the alpha

Source.


36 Labs Guide

Expermint10: Gama spectroscopy


Objects of the experiment: 1. Familiarization with Nail (Tℓ)

Scintillation spectrometer. 2. Energy calibration of the scintillation

detector 3. Gamma spectrum analysis of some

Source. 4. Resolution & detection efficiency of

scintillation detector.

Documents

Laboratories Guide